翻译及写作练习汇总
一、
翻译练习：
写句子时先写主干，再写零碎
主谓宾
S+V+O +how_when+where
尽量不要写祈使句
中文：
我和JACK 这个星期天要去野餐。如果你能来的话，我们将非常高兴。
JACK得去购物，这样的话我们每个人都会有我们爱吃的东西。为了保护环境，
我们就不会用纸杯子，相反我们会用玻璃杯。天气会很不错，我们会在那散步。
顺便说一句，希望你不介意MIKE跟我们一起来。他非常可爱我们都喜欢他。
虽然他是一只特别可爱的狗，但是我们不会让它吃太多。因为这个对它的健康没好处。
我们将会非常高兴地看到这么多的好朋友聚在一起。
翻译例文：
Jack and I will go for a picnic this Sunday. We will be pleased if you can join us.
Jack will do some shopping so that every one of us can have our favorite food.
In order to protect the environment, we won't use paper cups. Instead, we will bring some glass ones.
The weather will fine enough for us to have a walk. By the way, I hope you don't mind Mike's coming with us.
He is so lovely that we all love him. Though he is a nice dog, we won't allow him to eat to much.
It's bad for his health. We will be glad to see so many friends getting together.
状从的常用写作句型：
1.没有事情是不可能的，只要你全力以赴。
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
2.他如此的善良以至于常帮助别人。
He is so kind that he is always ready to help others.
3.他如此的对音乐感兴趣，以至于他花费尽可能多的时间练习弹钢琴。
He is so interested in music that he spend s as much time as he can practicing playding the piano.
4.读的书越多，收获越大。
The more books you read, the more you can get/gain/achieve.
5.为了提高英语，你要尽可能的使用它。
In order to improve your English,you'd better use it as often as possible.
6.不论困难有多大，我们都要试着解决它。
However hard the problem may be, we will try to solve it/work it out.
No matter how hard.
7.随着社会发展，
As the society develops,
With the development of society, moere changes will take place in our city.
8.
Whenever we need help, our parents are always there to give us a
9.
As English plays an important role in our daily life.
10.
We should try our best to learn
11.
Readiing can not only open our but also make us clever.
翻译练习：
1.因为他的作品而被世人所知。
He is known to people around the world for his works.
2.据说明年他要出国念书。
It is said that he will study abroad next year.
3.如果我再被给点时间，我就能把这个工作做得更好。
If I am given more time, I can do it better.
Given more time, I can do it better.
4.这个机器以前被用来擦黑板。
The machine used to be used to clean the blackboard.
5.既然你今天有空，干嘛不出去修自行车呢。
Since you 're free today, you'd better have the bike repaired.
6.他用一种非常有趣的故事讲故事，来使自己被大家听得懂。
She told the story in a funny way in order to make herself understood.
7.他经常被听到和他的兄弟们吵架。
He is often heard to quarrel with his brothers.
8.别担心，你很快就会适应没有朋友的。
You will soon get used to having no friends.
get to used to doing
9.随着社会的发展，很多伟大的变化会发生在城市里。
As our society develops , more great changes will take plac e in our city.
changes + take place
10.以前没有什么人来这个城市旅游。
There were few tourists coming to our city in the past.
There be sb coming 有人在做。。。
11.站在山顶，你能饱览整个城市的景色。
Standing on the top of the mountain, you can have w wonderful view of the whole city .
12.与他的书比，我的书厚的多。
Compated with his book , mine is much thicker.
翻译练习：不定式
1.他们要花很多年才能重建这个城镇。
It will take them many years to rebuilt the town.
It will be many years before every thing returns to normal.恢复正常
2.我们的职责是保持教师的干净和整洁
It's our duty to keep the classroom clean and tidy.
3.每天适度的做锻炼会很有帮助。
It is very helpful to do some exercise properly every day.
4.他觉得吧，在一个小时之内完成工作不可能
He found it impossible to finish the task with an hour.
5.如果可能的话，再给我2把椅子，我要放包。
Please give me two more chairs to put my bag on.
6.我记得，上周五在Tom的生日party中见过他。
I remember seeing him at Tom's birthday party last Friday.
7.你介不介意自己打扫你的卧室。
Do you mind cleaning the bedroom alone by yourself /alone/on your own. 靠自己
8.我希望全世界的人们平静的生活。
I hope people all over the world will/can live in peace.
9.当我打电话的时候，我听到他正在弹琴。
I heard him playing the piano when I called.
10.这本小说太难了，他读不懂。
The novel is too difficult for him to understand.
11.更多的注意力应该被放到你的字迹上。
More attention should be paid to your handwriting.
pay attention to 变被动
12.我打算通过小组讨论的方式作出最终的决定。
I plan to make the final decision by discussing in groups.
13.他经常被老师要求放学后留下来。
He is often made to stay at school after class.
make to
14.你能想象一下在夜间开飞机吗？
Can you imagine flying/taking a plane at night?
imagine doing
15.大雨让他们没能准时赶到车站
The heavy rain stopped them getting to the station on time.
stop sb doing
翻译练习：定语从句
1.他以前经常在建于1990年的公园里散步
He used to walk in the park which was built in 1990.
2.他们刚才谈论的那本书特别有意思。
The book that they talking about is very interesting.
3.2002年就是他大学毕业的那一年。
2002 is the year when/in which he graduated from university.
4.这就那位著名的歌手出生的小城镇
It is the town (which/that) the famous singer was born in.
It is the town where/in which the famous singer was born.
5.我们已经习惯了的生活从92年以后改变了很多。
The life that we were used to has changed greatly since 1992.
翻译练习：被动语态1
1.一个新的图书馆正在被修建。
A new library is being built now.
2.很多的房子在洪水中被冲走了。
Many houses were washed away in the flood.
3.这种机器被用来打扫房间
This machine is used to clean the rooms.(for cleaning the rooms)
4.这个河水以前特别干净
The river used to be clean.
5.你很快会适应校园生活的
You will soon get used to the school life.
6.据说这本书特别受青年欢迎
It is said that this book is very popular among young people. This book is said to popular among young people.
7.他把这道题又解释了一遍，以使得自己被大家听明白。
She explained the question again to make herself understood.
8.今天下午我要出去修自行车。
I will have my bike repaired this afternoon.
被动语态2
1.你认识John吗？
Do you know John?
2.他是一个著名的画家
He is a famous artist.
3.据说这是个心地善良的人。
It is said that he is a kind -hearted man.
He is said to be kind-hearted.
4.昨天晚上他在PARTY他被要求唱了一首英文歌。
He was asked to sing an English song at he party last night.
5.以前他是个非常害羞的人，但是现在他已经非常开朗外向了。He used to shy,but now he is quite outgoing.
6.他已经习惯了在公开场合发言。
He is used to giving a speech in public.
7.昨天晚上他表现的很不错。
He did a good job last night.
He gave a good performance.(表现）
8.顺便说一句，他的作品非常值得看。
By the way, his works are worth seeing.
9.他可以轻松地通过作品让大家了解他。
He can easily make himself understood through his paintings.
写作：
作文1
表建议
题目：加入你是Mary 的老师，她有困惑，你要给她建议
应该做的事情：
1.上课认真听讲，按时完成作业。
listen to the teacher carefully
listen attentively in class
finish your homework on time
2.每周至少参加两次体育活动。
take part in more physical activities for at least twice a week
do more sports
实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案 第一次作业： Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占） 39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折） and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said. 参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下 据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。餐馆里的食物占1996年美国人购餐的39%，比1970年增长了26%。该部门在报告中称：“外出所用之餐对于美国人饮食质量日益重要”。该部门还称：“虽然美国人消费的食物的营养质量总体改善了。但是，一般来说，家里所备的食物远比外出用餐的食物有益于健康。”研究表明：“尽管在家里用餐能获取养份，美国人发觉他们难以改善自己的饮食，因为他们多次在外购餐。”近年来在家里和餐馆里所备的食物的营养结构都得到了改善，然而，外出用餐的食物包含了较多典型的美国人汲取过多的养份，包括脂肪和饱和脂肪，也包含了较少多数饮食中所缺少的，如钙，纤维和铁。该农业部提议营养教育计划应更着重于教导美国消费者外出用餐时如何预定有益于健康的一餐。人们发现改善后的饮食结构能预防心脏病，中风，癌症，糖尿病，与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折以及试管婴儿的神经缺陷所带来的危险。该部门称，在美国与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折每年在医疗照料费用，医疗失误和早产死亡之上的耗费高达106亿美元。 第二次作业 1、Kill one’s appetite ?Kill time ?Kill the peace ?Kill the mood ?Kill the proposal ?Kill the engine ?Kill the child with kindness 2、If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died. 3、This ticket is available in all parks. 4、I’ll have Mr. Perkin call you back as soon as he is available.
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
高中英语书面表达 基本句型训练 【句型解析】所谓简单句就是由一个主语(包括并列主语) 和一个谓语(包括并列谓语)组成的句子, 即一个主谓关系的句子。 , 或者该用be时却没用。因此, 我们须注意：(1)英语句子通常要有谓语动词, 否则就不完整；(2)当句中已有谓语动词时, 若不是进行时态或被动语态, 一定不要再用be。 【句型试练】用基本句型翻译下列各组句子, 然后合并成一篇通顺自然的5句话的短文。 ●话题：心中有梦想 ·单句翻译： 1.David 7岁了。(主系表) 2.他有一个梦想。(主谓宾) 3.他想在天上飞。(主谓宾) 4.他做了一架纸飞机。(主谓双宾) 5.他完成了作业。(主谓宾) 6.他玩纸飞机。(主谓) 7.天上有一架飞机在飞。(there be句型) 8. 他的父亲鼓励他努力学习成为飞行员。(主谓宾宾补) 9. 他非常努力地学习。(主谓) 10. 十八年后他实现了他的梦想。(主谓宾) ·合并成文：【拓展练习】用基本句型翻译下列各组句子, 然后合并成一篇通顺自然的5句话的短文。 ●话题：爬山日记 ·单句翻译： 1. 爬山是一种很好的运动。(主系表) 2. 爬山有益于健康。(主系表) 3. 今天我和同学去爬西山。(主谓) 4. 我们是乘出租去的。(主谓) 5. 我们大约在早上八点到达那里。(主谓) 6. 有许多游客在爬山。(There be) 7. 我们很兴奋。(主系表) 8. 我们一刻没耽搁就开始爬山。(主谓宾) 9. 班长小明帮了我很大忙。(主谓宾宾) 10. 我是唯一的女孩。(主系表) 11. 我们中午到达山顶。(主谓宾) 12. 我们很累但很高兴。(主系表) 13. 男孩子们让我跳舞。(主谓宾宾补) 14. 我的表演让他们忘记了疲劳。(主谓宾宾补) ·合并成文：
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
主语从句翻译句子练习： 1.显然，到2000年这两个国家依赖于不同的主要燃料源。 2.据报道每年有成千上百万人死于和水有关的疾病。 3.谁应该对老年人负责这个问题在社区里被广泛讨论。 4.不论谁污染环境都应该受到惩罚。 5.It is probable that the nocturnal trades（夜间的谋生）go way back in the ancestry of all mammals（哺乳动物）.（剑7 Test 1 Reading1） 6.It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians and architects, left-handers tend to be more common and there are more left-handed males than females. 7.现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在学生毕业的时候教给他们所需要的所有知识。 8.这档节目是否成功在接下来的几十年将会揭晓。 9.人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为社会必不可少的一部分。 10.无可争辩，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年。 11.采取有效的措施来结束日益恶化的空气污染势在必行。 12.无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。 13.人们普遍认为太空探索能够促进科学事业的发展。
14.值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。 15.众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。 宾语从句翻译句子练习： 1.许多专家怀疑英语是否应该作为全球唯一的官方语言。 2.大部分学生相信业余工作使他们有更多的机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他 们未来找工作是非常有好处的。 3.有些人认为旅游业的发展会对传统文化产生一些负面的影响。 4.一项调查显示，许多农民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到 一些新技术。 5.越来越多的专家认为农民工(farmer laborers/rural emigrants)对城市的建设起 到积极作用，然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，比如犯罪。 6.说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的学习。 7.越来越多的专家开始相信这种状况将对当地的经济发展产生不利影响。 8.一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。 9.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。 表语从句翻译句子练习： 1.一个迫切的问题是许多稀有物种正处于灭绝的边缘。
英语基本句型写作练习一 分析下列句子成分并写出句型。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. I wrote a letter last night. 5. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 6. He has read this book many times. 7. My brothers are all college students. 8. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 9. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 10. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 11. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 12. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 13. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 14. We call her Alice. 15. His parents named him John. 16. All of us considered him honest. 17．They pushed the door open. 18. There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight. 19. There was only a well in the village. 20. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.指出下列句子加粗部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. The meeting will last two hours. 12. They have carried out the plan successfully. 13. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 14. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 15．They have set the thief free.
写作常用句子翻译 1经常做运动会提高人的自信。 _____________________________________________________________________ 经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。 _____________________________________________________________________ 过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威胁。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ 很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作，因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。 _____________________________________________________________________ 环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点，因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。 _____________________________________________________________________ 家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。 _____________________________________________________________________
英文写作基础知识 I 英语的句子成分 1. 主语 1）父母应该为年轻人提供机会让他们锻炼自己的能力和天赋。 2) 对于它们，我们既不能过高估计也不能否认其存在。 3) 吸烟只是一种个人爱好和娱乐。 4) 很难有定论。 5) 很明显，穿校服会使得校园生活变得乏味单调 在过去的几年中，随着经济的迅速发展，越来越多的父母在把孩子送到国外学习。 大学毕业生的就业形势越来越不乐观。 毫无疑问，不同人甚至不同的大学都会对此有不同观点。 2. 谓语 1）他们坚持认为审查制度应当废止。 2）孩子应当靠自己的努力获取成功。 3）广告增加了商品的成本。 4）换句话说，电脑影响了人们的日常生活，对人们有害。 5）当前，越来越多的人同意吸烟是一种不健康的嗜好，等同于自杀。 大学中的教师教授拥有丰富的专业知识和丰富的教学经验，会教给学生新的知识并引导他们解决现实中的问题。 3. 表语 1）审查制度是对言论自由的一种违犯。 2）放养涂在这些动物的方法经常是野蛮残忍的。 3）谈恋爱耗费时间，经常会使学生偏离他们的主要任务---学习。 4）我们所需要做的是告诉孩子如何正确的解决这些问题。 5）他们所强调的是那些正式的考试对不利于培养学生的创造力。 大学毕业生自身也对这种局面负有责任。 由于不同的习惯和不同的价值观，人们在和陌生人同住时会觉得不自在。 4. 宾语
1）垃圾食品对人的健康有害。 2）你甚至开始把工作带回家做并且一直工作到凌晨 3）研究表明吸烟和肺癌、心脏病等严重疾病之间存在着必然联系。 4）它给我们带来了许多欢乐和乐趣。 5. 定语 1）很难有定论。 2）近年来，因特网以极快的的速度越来越受欢迎。 3）资金不足的人们通常正确确定优先考虑的事情：他们在买奢侈品之前首先买必需品。4）那些强烈反对这种做法的人说这违犯人工作的基本权利。 6. 状语 1）户外活动能极大促进我们的健康。 2）根据法律，广告必须是完全真实的健康的。 3）为了赶走孤独和消磨时光，他们可以培养其它的爱好，比如养花、集邮和学画画。 4）远离家庭生活，人要忍受孤独和思乡。 5）我还是喜欢和朋友一起旅行，因为我认为在旅行中最重要的是得到快乐和休息。 他们完全沉溺于这些事，完全忽略了他们的学习。 7. 同位语 1）购物，这个每天生活中必须的活动，在城市里更方便。 2）爱情能将学生从学习，学生的主要工作中分开。 3）但是，这种解决办法的缺点是许多农业和居住用地会难以避免的被越来越多的公路占据。 8. 补语 1）我们认为强制服兵役是对人权的违犯。 2）克隆技术会使得人类人口过剩，变得可替代甚至灭绝。 3）我发现就业形势令人沮丧（不乐观）。 II 英语句子的基本结构 1. S + V 1）对于这个正在讨论中的问题人们看法不一。 2）全球化时代已经来临。 在人类教育很长的发展过程中，在每个学习领域都发生了巨大变化。
第一章时态 历届试题 1．在过去的几年里，这加工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute…for) (S99) 2．尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) (Ss00) 3．小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help) (S04) 4．他们的新房子离学校很远。(far) (S07) 5．各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to) (S07) 6．前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order) (Ss07) 7．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular) (S09) 8．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。(despite) (S09) I. 一般现在时 1．在公共汽车上李先生总是设法匆匆浏览一下报纸的标题。(glance at) 2．一条装有邮件和食物的小船一星期一次航行到那岛上。(go over to) 3．我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 4．晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟。(wash up) 5．我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难的。(have trouble in) 6．不同的国家有不同的问候形式。(form) 7．我们中3／5以上的人喜欢田径运动。(love) 8．大多数学生住在学校附近。(a stone’s throw) 9．有了一台计算机，我们就能更快地做各种各样的工作。(all kinds of) 10．一艘现代化轮船可以在几天内横渡大西洋。(cross) 11．音乐在人类生活中起着重要的作用。(play a … part in) 12．那些孩子中没有一个会演奏乐器。(instrument) 13．他坚持正确的，反对错误的。(persevere) 14．你看起来很累，这音乐将有助于你放松。(relax) 15．缺乏先进的科学技术是一个严重的问题。(1ack) 16．我们用无线电和电视和世界各国人民保持联系。(keep in touch with) 17．巴金全集主要由小说和散文组成。(consist of) 18．那家工厂提供我们各种各样的塑料产品。(provide) 19．每一个人，无论老幼，必须向周围的人学习。(old or young) 20．像英语一样，汉语也有许多谚语。(proverbs) 21．那些学生把大部分零用钱花在书上。(spend) 22．一定有人把我的自行车拿走了，我找不到了。(take) 23．这不仅是我们的卧室，事实上我们什么都在这里干的。(more than) 24．这些年轻人自愿贡献大量时间为老人服务。(volunteer) 25．电脑在科学研究的许多方面替代了人脑。(substitute) 26．我的丈夫和我对音乐有相似的爱好。(similar) 27．有些学生不理解这首诗的含义。(make out) 28．千里之行，始于足下。(start) 29．尽管意见有分歧，他们对维护世界和平有着共同的利益。(in spite of) 30．旅游不仅是一种很好的锻炼形式，也为各国人民之间的文化交流提供了一种重要手段。(in addition to) 31．知识的共享将造福于四面八方的人们。(benefit)
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
1. 该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。 2. 该柱状图展示了... 3. 该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。 4. 该图向我们展示了... 5. 该线形图揭示了... 6. 这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。 7. 数据(字)表明... 8. 该树型图向我们揭示了如何... 9. 该数据(字)可以这样理解... 10. 这些数据资料令我们得出结论... 11. 如图所示... 12. 根据这些表(数字)... 13. 如表格所示... 14. 从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。 15. 从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到... 16. 这个图表向我们展示了... 17. 该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。 18. 该图描述了...总的趋势。 19. 这是个柱型图，描述了...
20. 如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。 21. 在...至...期间，...基本不变。 22. 在...年到...的期间 23. 1995年至1998三年里... 24. 从那时起... 25. ...月(年)至...月(年)...的数量基本不变。 26. 数字急剧上升至... 27. ...至...期间...的比率维持不变。 28. ...的数目在...月(年)达到顶点，为... 29. 比率维持在... 30. ...的比例比...的比例略高(低)。 31. ...与...的区别不大。 32. 该图表表明...的数目增长了三倍。 33. ...逐年减少，而...逐步上升。 34. ...的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为...百分点。 35. 数字(情况)在...达到底部。 36. 数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。 37. a是b的...倍。 38. a增长了...
研究生入学测试英语翻译及作文考题和答 案 一、翻译部分：46. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。47. In Europe ，as elsewhere，multi-media groups have been increasingly successful；groups which bring together television， radio，newspapers， magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another. 在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。48. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in， a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks， no less than 50% took a loss in
写作基本句型训练（二） 学习内容：so…that/such….that/ in order to…/ in order that…/ too…to…/ …enough to do… 教学步骤： Step1.学习下列句子并翻译成中文 1. He was so excited that h e couldn’t say a word. 2. The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day. 3. He is so clever a boy that everybody likes him. 4. He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 5. Their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other. 6. Others think the earth got too much hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. 7. He ran fast in order to catch the train. 8.I get up early in order that i can catch the early bus. 归纳出以上句型的意思： s o…that:_____________________________ so that:________________________ s uch…that:__________________________ enough to do:____________________ t oo… to:____________________________ in order to/that:___________________ Step2.学习难点 1.so…+adj/adv…+that…:如此…以致 …so that…:引导目的状语从句（句中含有情态动词）引导结果状语从句（句中不含情态动词） They got so excited that they cried out.（结果：因此） The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.（目的：为了） 2. …so +adj/adv+a +名词+that…=…such+a+adj/adv+名词+that….:如此…以致My father was so hard-working that he always forgot his meals. =My father was such a hardworking man that he always forgot his meals. =My father was so hardworking a man that he always forgot his meals. 3…to+adj/adv…+to :太…以不能 He is too young to look after himself. He got up too late to catch the first bus. 注意：①此句型本身已含有否定意思，句中不需再另加否定词。 如：He is too young to can’t look after himself.(×) ②如果too后面的形容词为happy, ready, willing, eager, anxious等表心理状态的词时，后面的动词表肯定：I’m just too eager to know the result.我只是太想知道结果了。 4.当that 引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so…that…=be…enough to do转换。当that 引导的结果状语从句为否定句时，so…that…==too…to..==be not…eno ugh to do
30个雅思写作汉英翻译语料 1许多人相信科技的最大弊端就是它可能会带来一些难以想象的消极影响。 1 Many people believe that the biggest disadvantage of technology is that it may give rise to some unimaginative negative influences. 2计算机会使人们丧失想象和创造力这一事实使我相信其是祸而非福。 2 The fact that computers deprive people of their imagination and creativity makes me believe that they are a curse rather than a blessing. 3毫无疑问互联网的快速发展使得许多人相信它是万能良药，然而情况并非总是如此。 3 It goes without saying that the eye-catching development of the Internet makes many people believe that it is a cure-all solution. However, it is not always the case. 4无可否认博物馆可以扮演一个教育的作用，因为它给公众提供一个好的机会去研究他们国家的历史和传统。 4 It cannot be denied that museums can play an educational role for the simple reason that they provide the public with a good opportunity to study their countries’history and tradition. 5许多人没能够意识到这样一个重要的事实语言的多样性将会极大的推动文化的发展。也许这就是为什么许多语言现在正处于濒临灭绝的境地。 5 Many people fail to take into account the vital fact that the diversity of languages will enhance the cultural development and that is why so many languages are on the verge of extinction. 6没有任何的一样东西能像电视这样毁誉参半。
2005年考研英语翻译和作文试题答案 一、翻译部分： 46. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。 47. In Europe ,as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another. 在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。 48. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下50%。 49. 创造一个将要组成旧大洲联系纤维并且尊重不同文化和传统的统一体不是一项容易的任务，需要策略性的选择。