Tpo11
托福阅读句子简化题真题分析 在学会确定句子简化题（简称“句简题”）的核心信息后，我们来做一道来做好人力资源，企业无忧 自TPO 31的句简题。题目如下： Graves drew two conclusions from these observations. First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations were not random but were the result of evolutionary adaptation. Second, it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other. Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process. Q12 Which of the sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A.Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated. B.Graves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation. C.Graves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning. D.Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations. 1. 首先确定句子核心信息 Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, 【divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.】 词汇： A glimpse of 看见，瞥见 Mutation 突变，变种 Divergence 变化，变异 Allopatric speciation 异地物种形成 2. 理解大意 该句是由because引导的原因状语从句和方括号内的主句组成的嵌套句，从句的主谓宾已用绿色字体标出，大意为：因为G的研究让人们看到了突变的逐渐 1
托福阅读句子简化题解题流程精讲 托福阅读句子简化题解题流程精讲, 3个步骤搞定难点题型，今天给大家带来了托福阅读句子简化题解题流程精讲。希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福阅读句子简化题解题流程精讲3个步骤搞定难点题型 托福阅读句子简化题解题流程介绍 1 看原句是否有逻辑关系 2 原句有逻辑关系，看选项，保留逻辑关系选项，去除无逻辑关系选项 3 半句细节对比解题 注：逻辑关系一般有，对比、转折、因果、条件等等 托福阅读句子简化题思路实例分析 If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores. B.Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension. C.Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film. D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist. 解题： 1看原句是否有逻辑关系，初步浏览了一下，看到了but这个表转折的连接词，这是一个有逻辑关系的句子。 2 看选项，找到表转折的连接词，只有A选项符合。 原句的大意是： 如果孔很大，那么里面的水就大如水滴，表面的张力不能将其托住，里面的水很快就会流尽;但是如果孔足够小，孔里的水
句子简化题专项练习 简单 1.OG-1 The Origins of Cetaceans Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone. ○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke. ○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales. ○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam. 本句主干：The structure of the backbone shows 本句逻辑： 本句话翻译：脊椎的构造表明，她可以像现在鲸类一样上下移动身体尾部，尽管他没有尾巴 2.OG-2 Desert Formation Paragraph 10: Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. （请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）
新托福阅读句子简化解题方法探析 朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露 在托福阅读的十大题型中，句子简化题相对来说是一个比较低调的题型，它以每篇文章一道题的概率默默而坚实地存在着。而就该题型的难度来说，处于十大题型的中间水平；就答题技巧性而言，属于十大题型中技巧性较强的题型。该题型需要考生从四个选项中选出一个句子能够作为段落中一个阴影句子的同义句。 朗阁福州托福培训中心的托福培训专家认为，该题型主要考察两个方面：逻辑&语义。因此，考生可以沿着这两个方向去解题。 一、逻辑 所谓逻辑层面，即同义替换句与原句必须保持在逻辑关系上的一致。常考的逻辑关系包括因果关系，转折关系，比较关系。 A. 因果关系 a. 显性因果 1）因： Because; for; as; since; on account of; with 2）果： So; so that; therefore; thereby; as a result; hence; thus; consequently; accordingly b. 隐性因果 1）导致（因→果） Cause; lead to; give rise to; result in 2）由…而来（果→因） Result from; derive from; originate from; initiate from; stem from 3）反映/体现（果→因）
Reflect; demonstrate; suggest 4）考虑到/依赖于（因→果） Reason; considering; in view of; thanks to; rely on; depend on; according to; resort to 例题： The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected， as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. 10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？ Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. ○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. ○ The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort. ○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is redu ced in the vast areas affected. 解题步骤： 1.观察阴影部分句子，发现表隐性因果的短语result from 2.浏览选项，发现A和B选项含有因果关系 3.分析原句： 原句中“因”： ？大量受到影响的土地vast areas of land
Crafts in the Ancient Near East Paragraph 1 Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements. A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region, far surpassing that of other settlements, indicates that it was a regional center and a true city. Indeed, it was the first city in human history. Q1 Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A.Although scholars cannot accurately determine the size of the Uruk population, they know the citizens were not dependent on agriculture. B.Scholars do not have enough evidence to determine whether the agricultural areas just outside of Uruk were large enough to feed the city’s population C.Because city populations cannot feed themselves, scholars think the surrounding farms provided food for the people in Uruk D.Scholars believe that the inhabitants of Uruk were able to support themselves from produce grown in field surrounding the city. 确定句子核心信息 While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. 分析：本句是由while引导的让步状语从句（注：while出现在句中引导对比对照关系的状语从句；如出现在句首则引导让步关系的状语从句，）+主句scholars assume that…the city组成一个虽然…但是…的大结构。主句句末有一个which引导的非限定性定语从句，该从句意图在于对前面意义完整的主句进行补充说明。所以该句最核心的意思就是句中标红的部分。
托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实 例精讲 常有同学觉得托福阅读中的句子简化题难做，几个选项看着都差不多实在区分不出其中的差别。今天给大家带来了托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲,希望能够帮助到大家在托福考试中拿高分，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 【题型思路】托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲托福阅读句子简化题解题思路实例分析 例1 [结果]These plants are termed opportunists because [原因]they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy. A. Because [原因]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [结果]dandelions are classified as opportunists.
B. [结果]Dandelions are called opportunists because [原 因]they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy. C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with the seeds of other plants. D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes. 你发现原句中有个because，就知道这句话是在解释，必定有因有果。我们先去找因和果。结果是这些植物被称为机会主义者，原因是它们依赖种子掉进一个环境，后面说这个环境里竞争性的植物已经被移除了，即没有竞争性的环境。对句子稍做整理后变成，因为它们依赖自己的种子掉进一个没有竞争性的环境，所以这些植物被称为机会主义者。 有同学会问，后面的such as要怎么处理。一般我们有个原则，在句子当中如果是补充的信息，那很重要;如果是重复的信息，应该是不重要的。所以看such as只要明白一点，它到底给前面的什么内容举例。看例子的内容，会发现说的都是地方，说明是给setting举例，那么就可以把它放在一边。 于是，我们明白作者原句的意图是在解释有因果的关系，那么四个选项中正确的答案必定在逻辑关系和讲话的意图上和原
托福阅读解答简化题的几个方法技巧 摘要：托福阅读由于篇幅较长的文章和各种题型的存在一直为难着大家，其实托福阅读题型还是比较固定的，如果能掌握一些做提的新托福阅读技巧那么对于分数的提高还是很有帮助的，下面就来看看。 点击下载托福阅读模拟题 托福阅读解答简化题的几个方法技巧 托福阅读由于篇幅较长的文章和各种题型的存在一直为难着大家，其实托福阅读题型还是比较固定的，如果能掌握一些做提的新托福阅读技巧那么对于分数的提高还是很有帮助的，下面就来看看。 托福阅读题型中中句子简化题考查的对象是长难句，主要考查考生对句子逻辑关系的把握及句子基本信息的理解。句子简化题出题方式： Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 下面通过具体例子来说明句子简化题做题步骤及新托福阅读技巧。 例1 Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. 1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury. Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art. If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.
OG Applied Arts and Fine Arts 因果 Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. ○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics. ○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics. ○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form. ○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics. The Origins of Cetaceans 让步 of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways ○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone. ○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.
The Formation of Volcanic Islands Paragraph 2 Generally speaking, the interiors of plates are geologically uneventful. However, there are exceptions. A glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far out at sea that are actually volcanoes—many no longer active, some overgrown with coral—that originated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacific seafloor. Q3 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information A.V olcanic activity is responsible for the formation of the Pacific seafloor in the interior of the Pacific Plate. B.Many volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean are no longer active and have become islands that support coral. C.There are many islands in the Pacific Ocean that originated as volcanoes in the interior of the Pacific Plate. D.The map of the Pacific Ocean reveals fewer volcanic islands than there truly are because many are no longer active and some are completely overgrown with coral. 确定句子核心信息 A glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far out at sea that are actually volcanoes—many no longer active, some overgrown with coral—that originated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacific seafloor. 分析：通过确定核心信息，我们看到该句最基本的结构是主语（A glance）+谓语动词（reveals）+宾语从句（that…）。该句的难点在于宾语从句里有两个定语从句的嵌套，在句中已用蓝色标出，第一个定语从句是对many islands进行限定修饰；第二个定语从句是对volcanoes进行限定修饰，而破折号中间的成分则是对volcanoes这个信息的补充说明，与句子核心信息关系不大，可忽略不看。 理解大意
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析 托福阅读句子简化题实例解析, 如何利用逻辑解题法解决简化题。今天给大家带来托福阅读句子简化题实例解析 ,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 一.托福阅读句子简化题难点解析 在托福阅读题型中，句子简化题可算是一种让学生颇为头疼的题型了，首先这种题型涉及句子阅读与理解，需要考生有一个比较好的句子分析基础，另外，它又同文章段落结构相联系，同时答案又是选出简化后的内容，所以要求学生在确定文章主题以及段落大意的情况下，通过仔细阅读来确定某些特定句子的主要意思。 那么怎样做这类题才能达到较好的复习效果呢?今天我们就一起来学习一下怎么做简化题，下面我为大家介绍一种方法，即运用逻辑解题法，希望对大家有所帮助。 二.逻辑解题法简述 逻辑解题法，顾名思义就是通过对句子进行分析，在了解句子结构的基础上，分析句子的主要逻辑结构，找到句子所要表达的核心内容，然后对应答案，选出内容逻辑都符合的正确选项。句子简化题
简化的是内容，但不是逻辑，所以通过逻辑解题法我们可以快速锁定正确答案范围。 逻辑解题法主要有以下三个步骤：通读原句，分析句子结构，找到句子主干及句子所表达的主要逻辑关系查看选项，排除非主干逻辑的选项根据句子内容，对应逻辑关系的具体对象，选出正确答案。 三.托福阅读句子简化题实例解析 下面我们来看一个例子：例: The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. 上面这句话就是一个高亮的句子，我们来看一下对应的 4 个选项：A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries
托福阅读句子简化题技巧 句子简化题让我们选择与原句句意相同的选项，那就必须要保证能够读懂题目和各个选项句子的意思。切记，看懂才能做题，看不懂句子不要谈提高正确率。下面就和大家分享托福阅读句子简化题技巧,希望能够帮助到大家，快来学习一下吧。 托福阅读句子简化题技巧 句子简化题的考察形式非常容易识别，我们会在原文一段话中看到被“高亮”出的一个句子： Paragraph 9: The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size.If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held. 然后结合这个句子问这样一个问题： Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect
托福阅读句子简化题解法 今天，的老师来和大家说一说关于托福阅读句子简化题的方法总结，希望可以给同学们对于托福此类题型的备考带来帮助。 1. 方法一：精确定位平行关系 例如：The empty shell of a snail or clam may be left behind, and if it is sufficiently durable and resistant to dissolution, it may remain basically unchanged for a long period of time. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. When snail or clam shells are left behind, they must be empty in order to remain durable and resist dissolution. B. Although snail and clam shells are durable and resist dissolving, over time they slowly begin to change. C. Although the soft parts of snails or clams dissolve quickly, their hard shells resist dissolution for a long time. D. Empty snail or clam shells that are strong enough not to dissolve may stay in their original state for a long time. 解析：正确选项(D)。首先我们会看到这个句子前面即为The empty shell of a snail or clam的平行结构，然后用and来并列分句1The empty shell of a snail or clam may be left behind 和分句2 it may remain basically unchanged for a long period of time. 所以我们发现这个需简化的句子其实就只需简化为一个简单句。而选项A,B,C三个选项分别由时间关系，转折逻辑关系，所以是不正确的选项。 2.方法二：识别总分逻辑关系 例如：The West had plenty of attractions: the alluvial(冲积的) river bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairies were tempting to New England farmers working their rocky, sterile land and to southeastern farmers plagued with soil depletion and erosion. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Because the West had more rivers and forests than the East, its soil was more productive. B. The fertile soils of the West drew farmers from regions with barren soils. C. Farmers living in western areas of the United States were more affected by soil erosion than farmers living in eastern areas. D. The soil in western areas of the United States was richer than soil in eastern areas. 解析：正确选项为(B)。我们来看看“plenty of attractions:”，要点是“：” 解释说明之功效。the alluvial(冲积的) river bottoms，the fecund soils，the black loams of the prairies 三者形成并列结构，来详细解释说明plenty of attractions，换言之，我们需要对分解内容进行合并， 最后我们得出B选项。我们再分析一下A , C, D ,它们分别表达因果关系和两个并列关系。所以它们不符合我们的解析! 以上，就是今天带来的全部内容，更多IBT阅读详细分析，敬请关注教育北美托福教学!
1. In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically. 建筑结构必须达到大小和强度的要求，以实现必要的建筑目的，因此建筑学上采用一些支撑的方法，这些方法都是以物理定律为基础的，尽管建筑材料已经发生了翻天覆地的变化，这些支撑的方法却自人们发现它们以来就鲜有变化。The world’s architectural structures have also been devised in relation to the objective limitations of materials. Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they deal with downward forces created by gravity. They are designed to withstand the forces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, or a combination of these in different parts of the structure. 3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago. B. Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed. C. When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws. D. Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws. 030103 2. The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year. 据估计，奥加拉拉蓄水层的含水量足以填满休伦湖，但不幸的是，在目前该地区半干旱的气候条件下，奥加拉拉蓄水层的蓄水能力极低，每年仅半厘米左右。 3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A.Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water addition very small. B.Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron. C.Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each