2020届高考语法填空及短文改错单句训练(名词)

语法填空+短文改错（二）一、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）ANowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of students’ smoking.As is known to us all, smoking may have all kinds of harmful 56 (effect) on the health of both the smokers themselves and non-smokers around them. For example, smoking does terrible damage to smokers’ hearts and lungs and it is more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.Once they start smoking, they may find 57 difficult to quit because they can become physically addicted 58 nicotine and may develop the habit of smoking and finally become mentally addicted.So, it is high time that these young smokers made up their minds to quit smoking. Firstly, they are supposed to pre pare 59 (they). For example, they can make a list of the benefits they will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away the last packet of cigarettes. Secondly, be determined. Every time they feel like 60 （smoke）a cigarette, remind themselves that they are non-smokers. Reread the list of benefits they wrote 61 (early). Thirdly, every time they feel stressed, they can do some relaxation exercises 62 do something else to keep their minds and especially their hands busy. Finally, do not be 63 (disappoint) if they have to try several times before they finally stop smoking. Just try again and they will succeed 64 （eventual）.I wish that all the students 65 (can) get rid of smokingBSome poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express 41.___ (they). For example, the language of nursery rhymes is concrete but 42.(imagine)，and they delight small children 43._they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. And list poems have 44.flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both apattern and a rhythm to the poem.Another simple form of poem is the cinquain, 45.is made up of five lines and can convey strong 46. __ (feel) in just a few words. Haikuis a Japanese form of poetry that 47.(make) up of 17 syllables.And 48.course there are Tang poems from China which you may enjoy in particular.With so many different forms of poetry49.(choose) from, students may 50.(eventual) want to write poems of their own.二、第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

【练习】2020⾼考完形填空语法填空改错组合（3）附答案⼩题组合（三）⼀、完形填空Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are 1 every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to 2 the species from going out of existence.Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their 3 . Emma, a female crane, has been in their 4 since she arrived in 2004.Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was 5 by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected 6 , though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had 7 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She 8 to live with male cranes, and even had a 9 for killing some of them, which made it 10 for her to become a mother.11 , the two zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developeda 12 of artificial breeding(⼈⼯繁殖) and natural reproduction.This 13 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be 14 , more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 15 , and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 16 , not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.How can we 17 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the 18 : human beings took it for granted that their 19 held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be abetter 20 .1.A.growing B.migrating /doc/3010157918.htmlpeting D.disappearing2.A.ban B.save C.split D.remove3.A.abortion B.recreation C.reproduction D.administration4.A.care B.eye C.mind D.story5.A.found B.chosen C.raised D.seized6.A.bonus B.consequence C.victory D.sacrifice7.A.never B.always C.unluckily D.cheerfully8.A.liked B.refused C.decided D.hesitated9.A.gift B.skill C.concern D.reputation10.A.illegal B.inspiring C.important D.impossible11.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Instead/doc/3010157918.htmlbination B.collection C.strategy D.system13.A.forced B.forbade C.taught D.enabled14.A.defeated B.grateful C.assured D.tolerant15.A.list B.rise C.agenda D.decline16.A.In contrast B.After all C.By the way D.On the contrary17.A.leave B.bridge C.open D.identify18.A.course B.excuse C.answer D.reward19.A.brains B.behaviors C.services D.projects20.A.guide B.treat C.example /doc/3010157918.htmlpanion⼆、语法填空2.A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of T he Year” for ① (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ②she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ③(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “ Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ④(declare) she had no plans ⑤_____ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ⑥(make)over the years. I work not because I have to, ⑦because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31 — who works alongside her in the family business ⼀ said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award She said, "We don’t have any idea who put grandma forwar d. When we got a call ⑧ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ⑨ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ⑩ (wonder).”三、短⽂改错Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.参考答案1.答案：1.D;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.C;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.D; 10.D; 11.C; 12.A; 13.D; 14.C; 15.D; 16.B; 17.B; 18.C; 19.A; 20.A解析：这是⼀篇夹叙夹议类的⽂章。

小题组合（三）一、完形填空Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are 1 every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to 2 the species from going out of existence.Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their 3 . Emma, a female crane, has been in their 4 since she arrived in 2004.Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was 5 by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected 6 , though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had 7 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She 8 to live with male cranes, and even had a 9 for killing some of them, which made it 10 for her to become a mother.11 , the two zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a 12 of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This 13 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be 14 , more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 15 , and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 16 , not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.How can we 17 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the 18 : human beings took it for granted that their 19 held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better 20 .1.A.growing B.migrating peting D.disappearing2.A.ban B.save C.split D.remove3.A.abortion B.recreation C.reproduction D.administration4.A.care B.eye C.mind D.story5.A.found B.chosen C.raised D.seized6.A.bonus B.consequence C.victory D.sacrifice7.A.never B.always C.unluckily D.cheerfully8.A.liked B.refused C.decided D.hesitated9.A.gift B.skill C.concern D.reputation10.A.illegal B.inspiring C.important D.impossible11.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Insteadbination B.collection C.strategy D.system13.A.forced B.forbade C.taught D.enabled14.A.defeated B.grateful C.assured D.tolerant15.A.list B.rise C.agenda D.decline16.A.In contrast B.After all C.By the way D.On the contrary17.A.leave B.bridge C.open D.identify18.A.course B.excuse C.answer D.reward19.A.brains B.behaviors C.services D.projects20.A.guide B.treat C.example panion二、语法填空2.A 90-year-o ld has been awarded “Woman Of T he Year” for ①(be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ② she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ③(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “ Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ④ (declare) she had no plans ⑤_____ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ⑥ (make)over the years. I work not because I have to, ⑦because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31 — who works alongside her in the family business 一 said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award She said, "We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ⑧ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ⑨ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ⑩ (wonder).”三、短文改错Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.参考答案1.答案：1.D;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.C;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.D; 10.D; 11.C; 12.A; 13.D; 14.C; 15.D; 16.B; 17.B;18.C; 19.A; 20.A解析：这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。

第七讲名词和数词一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1 . Today , a group of 30 American student volunteer came to visit our school .【答案】volunteer改为volunteers【解析】volunteer是可数名词，且被数词30修饰，故用复数形式。

2 . Chinese character are very beautiful and rich in culture . As for me , when reading a neatly written article, I will feel pleased and relaxed.【答案】character改为characters【解析】句意：汉字非常美，文化内涵也很丰富。

至于我，在阅读一篇书写工整的文章时，我会感到高兴和放松。

根据are可知，此处指多个汉字，故应用复数形式。

3.The woman chose one of the most expensive dress and handed it to a shop assistant.【答案】dress改为dresses【解析】句意：那位女士从最昂贵的连衣裙中挑选出一件并把它递给一名店员。

此处存在"one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，故dress应用复数形式。

4. In the museum, we saw the latest progresses in science and technology.【答案】progresses改为progress【解析】句意：在博物馆里，我们看到了科技方面的最新进步。

progress是不可数名词，故没有复数形式。

5 . I taught them English and after class , we played games happily . We had a lot of funs together.【答案】funs改为fun【解析】fun是不可数名词，故没有复数形式。

2020届新高考英语新题型练习语法填空短文改错应用文写作读后续写（1）语法填空（湖北省十堰市2020年高三上学期元月调研）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nezha is the subject of the latest cartoon film, which 61 (official) opened in cinemas in China on July 26. Nezha has got wonderful reviews and is rated higher than Monkey King : Hero is Back. Since July 26, the film 62 (earn) more than 140 million yuan at the box office, and the film has a score of 8. 8 63 (point) (out of 10) on China's largest filming rating site, Douban.Yang Yu, 64 is the director of it, made up his mind 65 (produce) a film on the theme of breaking old rules and changing fate. Yang chose Nezha as his character, the 66 (combine) of the rebellious (叛逆的)but straight youth. The film is loosely based on the Chinese novel The Investiture of the Gods.In the novel, Nezha is born during the Shang dynasty and is famous 67 fighting against the Dragon King.It took Yang Yu two years to polish the script, and the film was in production for three years. It is 68 most complex cartoon production ever 69 (make) in China. It has more than 1 ,300 special effects shots, and it took over 20 Chinese special effects studios,70(employ) more than 1, 600 people, to realize the film's fairy tale setting, themysterious Dragon King's palace. One spectacular scene alone took two months to complete.短文改错（湖北省十堰市2020年高三上学期元月调研考试）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

2020年高考英语短文改错真题实战训练(名师精选全国真题+解析答案，值得下载)A【全国Ⅰ卷】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also I went here again,they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a small pond,which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.【答案】1.countryside 前加the2.find 改为found3.another 改为other4.here 改为there5.chicken 改为chickens6.which 前面加in 或者which 改为where7.sell 改为selling8.happily 改为happy9.return 后面去掉for10.but 改为and 【解析】1.考查定冠词。

2020年高考英语全国卷II短文改错试题及答案详解（全国卷II适用地区：重庆、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、海南）请看试题：第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. I’m surely you’ll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.请看译文：谢谢你的来信，这真的令我很高兴。

2020届高考语法填空及短文改错单句训练（名词）高考语法填空及短文改错单句训练（名词）（含答案）一．语法单句练习1. This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease2. She has turned down several _____ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies3. The nursery team switches him every few ______( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.4. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream pla ce for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________(painting).5.The_________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.6.The__________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.7. She is determined to carry on with her________________ (educate).8. The first underground passenger railway ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible______________ (crowd) on the roads above.9. Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small_____________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.10. You wouldn't think that a few __________(month) ofexercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life.11. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feela real sense of ___________(achieve).12. Recent___________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.13. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _____________(attract).14. I settled down in the darkness and the curtains opened. Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best___________ (perform) to this day.参考答案:1. effects 2. invitations 3.days 4. paintings 5. changes6. possibility7. education8.crowds9.carrots 10.months11. achievement 12. studies 13.attraction 14. performance二．改错单句训练1.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.2. He agreed to reading my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.3. One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of the lunches we brought from our homes.4. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it.5. He was tall, with broad shoulder。

2020年高考英语短文改错专题复习(真题+详细解析答案)1．只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.More and more foreigners like to come to China. Last Friday our school was invited a foreign teacher in our city give a class to the students of Senior Grade Two. We found his class interested. I learned a lot from him. The teacher had a free talk to us with easy English. He spoke slow so that we could understand him well. Sometimes he repeated what we don’t understand. My classm ates were all active in the class. To his joy, I understood everything the teacher said. And I was able to ask question in English. This class encouraged me very much. I’m sure that until we keep on practicing, it will be easy for us to learn speaking English well.2．只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.One day I pushed my cousin Li Dong in wheelchair on an especial narrow sidewalk. We struggled along with one wheel on the sidewalk or the other on the road. Suddenly, a man riding his motorcycle past us rapidly, missing Li Dong by several inch. Immediately, he turned round, stopped his motorcycle and came over. We were worried she would blame us for have stood in his way. To our surprise, he said nothing at all and helped out push the wheelchair until we reached a slightly wider sidewalk. Then he left after we could say thanks to him. We were leaving ashamed of what we thought.3．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin. Therefore, I couldn’t understand "real music". After I graduated at high school, a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we all thought it was cool. I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store. There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed. He became my the first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful model. Now the guitar is the most importantly part of my life and I practice it every day.4．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.In the past, I always think my little brother was very unpleasant, because he used to ask mesome questions every time he did his homeworks. I felt as if I had been the smartest person in the world every time he accepted my explanations. Answered one of his questions, I often liked to say that he was too stupidly to solve such simple questions.Last week both us received our report cards from our school. Unexpectedly, I got C's, when he got straight A's. To make things bad, all the day my brother screamed what foolish it was of me not to ask questions! I just sighed and had to admit that she was right. I have never made a fun of him since then.5．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.How can a person recover from emotional problems? A popular opinion suggests that he watches humorous films. And a recent study proves this to be wrong. The study also shows that watching at sad films can make getting over a negative mood a easier job. Emotional experiences is important to people’s well-being. People are less likely to share their feelings with these who have had similar experiences. Similar, people prefer movies that reflect their mood. That’s the reason a sad film can contribute to comfort a sad person more than a pleasant one.6．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.Thanksgiving Day is one of the most important family holiday in America. All the members of a family, no matter where far away they are, will try to get together on that day. The first Thanksgiving in America takes place in October, 1621. In 1620, the group of Englishmen sailed to Massachusetts. They had expected to find a freely place to live in, so they experienced a hard winter. Half of them starved death. The next spring, we began farming. With the help of local Indians, they learned to be plant corn and raise animals. In the fall, the fields produced a good harvest. Filling with joy and thanks to God, they held a celebration. In 1863, it became a national holiday.7．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.Dear Mr. Green, I'm very exciting to learn that you will start a magazine together. That sounds great and I definitely agree you on that.Some of the columns that you mention in the letter are really my cup of tea. “Cultural Express” give us a better understanding of the world. Since people from different part of the world have different values, it's necessary to learn from each another. Apart from that, "Blurt Out" is pretty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and improving oral English. "Entertainment" is also cool! The popular singers, actors or celebrities are so attractively that you absolutely can't miss this part. Teenagers are to fond of popular things, too.Well, I can't list more. I really can't wait to read this magazine.Yours, Li Ming8．只允许修改10处错误,多者（从第11处起）不计分.Of all my teachers, Mr. Zhang is the one who impresses me most. Though he is 40, but he looks very younger for his age. He’s one of the most popular teacher in our school. Comparing with other teachers, Mr. Zhang pays more attention to his methods of teaching. He tries many ways of make his classes lively and interesti ng. In her opinion, we should not only know “what” but also understood “why”. So, instead of giving us answers immediate, he encourages us think by ourselves first. With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and solve problems. What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to! He is so an excellent person that we all admire him very much.9．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.Last week I went to visit to my former neighbor, Mr. Yang. He and I used to living next to each other for many years. About half a year ago, an order came which the old building, along with many other similar ones, were going to be pulled down to make room for a main street.So I had to move apart. Mr. Yang now lives in the suburbs near a beautiful park. His new apartment is much big than before. The only problem is that it took quite a long time to get to the downtown area. Therefore, Mr. Yang doesn’t seem to worry about the long distance. He says that new subway line is to be built in a few year and he is sure life will be better in the future.10．只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分.I went to a shop to buy a jacket one Sunday. It is famous one where there are a variety of clothes. I looked all around and finally find an attractive jacket. When I was asked the price, the assistant said, "Seventy dollars." He added that if I paid by cash, he would give me a discount — ten percent off the fixing price. I thought it was so expensive and started to leave. As I was left, he grabbed me and said, "Okay. Forty-five dollars. "Delighting, I bought the jacket. However, when I got home and tried on my new jacket, I realized that anything was wrong with it. It had a pocket where wouldn't open. I was speechless and looked at it in amazement.11．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.Great changes have been taken place in my village. Ten years ago, the small and low houses, which lie on the north of a lake, produced much waste. As the result, the lake was serious polluted. To the west was a sandy field that was the source of dust. Better still, a brick yard on the southwest side of the lake used up a great deal good soil. Now the poor house have been replaced by green trees and the brick yard by tall buildings. The sandy field that the villagers used to ploughing has been covered with fruit trees. On the lake the villagers often spend his spare time boating and fishing.12．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分.It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2007. I was walking along Park Road towards the east while an old man came out of the park on the other sides of the street. Then I saw a yellow car to drive up and make a right turn into Park Road. The car hit the man while she was crossing the road. He falls with a cry. The car drove off at full speed heading west. I noticed driver was a woman wore a pair of glasses and the plate number was AC864. Two minutes late, I managed to stop a passing car, took the old man to the nearest hospital but paid for his treatment.答案1．【答案】1．去掉invited之前的was2．give前加to3．interested→ interesting4．with→ in5．slow→ slowly6．don’t→ didn’t7．his→ my8．question→ questions9．until→ if10．speaking→ spoken2．【答案】1．在wheelchair之前加a2．especial→ especially3．or→ and4．past→ passed5．inch→ inches6．she→ he7．have→ having8．去掉helped后的out9．after→ before10．leaving→ left3．【答案】1．learn→ learning 2．Therefore→ However 3．at→ from4．started→ start5．all→ both6．that→ which7．去掉the8．choose前加to 9．model→ models 10．importantly→ important 4．【答案】1．think→ thought 2．homeworks→ homework 3．answered→ answering 4．stupidly→ stupid 5．both后加of6．when→ while7．bad→ worse8．what→ how9．she→ he10．去掉a5．【答案】1．watches→ watch 2．And→ But3．去掉at4．easier前的a改为an 5．is→ are6．less→ more 7．these→ those 8．Similar→ Similarly 9．the reason后加why 10．comfort→ comforting 6．【答案】1．holiday→ holidays 2．where→ how 3．takes→ took4．the→ a5．freely→ free6．so→ but7．starved后加to 8．we→ they9．去掉be10．Filling→ Filled 7．【答案】1．exciting→ excited 2．agree后加with 3．mention→ mentioned 4．give→ gives6．another→ other 7．improving→ improve 8．or→ and 9．attractively→ attractive 10．去掉to8．【答案】1．去掉but2．younger→ young 3．teacher→ teachers 4．Comparing→ Compared 5．make→ making或of→ to 6．her→ his 7．understood→ understand 8．immediate→ immediately 9．think→ to think10．so→ such9．【答案】1．去掉第二个to 2．living→ live3．which→ that4．were→ was5．I→ We6．big→ bigger8．Therefore→ However 9．that后加a 10．year→ years 10．【答案】1．famous前加a 2．find→ found3．去掉was4．by→ in5．fixing→ fixed6．so→ too7．left→ leaving 8．Delighting→ Delighted 9．anyt hing→ something 10．where→ which/that 11．【答案】1．去掉been2．lie→ lay3．第一个the改为a 4．serious→ seriously 5．that→ which 6．Better→ Worse 7．deal后加of 8．house→ houses9．ploughing→ plough10．his→ their12.【答案】1．in→ on或of→ on2．while→ when3．sides→ side4．去掉to5．she→ he6．falls→ fell7．driver前加the8．wore→ wearing或wore前加who 9．late→ later10．but→ and短文改错解析1．4．with→ in老师用简单容易的英语和我们自由地交谈.表达用某种语言交流,要用in English.5．slow→ slowly他说得很慢.用副词slowly来修饰动词speak.6．don’t→ didn’t该段都是用动词的一般过去时,根据该句中的repeated可知此处应该是didn’t.7．his→my让我高兴的是, 老师讲的所有的东西我都懂了.这件事是让我高兴,所以要用to my joy.8．question→questions我也能用英语提问问题了. question是一个可数名词,此处应该用复数形式.9．until→ if我确信只要我坚持练习的话.应该是if引导的条件状语从句.10．speaking→ spoken英语口语spoken English.2．5．inch→ inches inch是可数名词,前面有several修饰, 所以要用复数形式.6．she→ he根据上一句话中的a man可知此处应该用he.7．have→ having介词for后面要用v-ing形式作宾语.8．去掉helped后的out他什么也没说,还帮着我们把轮椅推了出来. help ab.do sth.帮助某人做某事.9．after→ before在我们还没来得及说声谢谢之前他已经走了, 根据语境应该是before引导的时间状语从句.10．leaving→ left留下我们为自己刚才的想法感到羞耻. sb. be left +adj. =leave sb. +形容词,使某人处于某种状态中.3．4．started→ start 动词suggest表示“建议”之意时, 其后的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,should可以省略.5．all→ both不定代词的逻辑错误.all表示三者或三者以上.我和我的朋友, 只有两个人,应改为we both（我们俩都）.6．that→ which“介词+which”引导定语从句, on which在从句中作时间状语,相当于when.7．去掉the 前有物主代词my,则序数词前无需定冠词the.8．choose前加toIt takes sb some time to do sth是固定句型,表示“某人做某事需要花费多少时间”,其中it是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语.9．model→ models several（几个,若干）后接名词复数.10．importantly→ important形容词修饰名词,故应将importantly改为important.4．【解析】1．think→ thought in the past是明显的过去时间状语,故think应用一般过去时.2．homeworks→ homework homework（家庭作业）是不可数名词,没有复数形式.3．answered→ answering I是answer的逻辑主语, 两者间是主动关系,故应使用answering引导现在分词短语作时间状语.4．stupidly→ stupid 系动词后用形容词作表语, 故应改为stupid（愚蠢的）.5．both后加of. “我们两个人”既可以说we both,也可以说both of us.5．5．is→ are主语experiences（体验）是复数,其谓语动词也应使用复数形式.6．les s→ more根据上下文语境以及常识判断,这句话属于逻辑错误,应改为:人们更可能和那些有过类似经历的人分享自己的感受.7．these→ those其可跟who引导的限制性定语从句的指示代词是those.8．Similar→ Similarly作状语,修饰整个句子的是副词,故改为Similarly.9．the reason后加why the reason作先行词,定语从句用关系副词why引导,且why在从句中作原因状语.10．comfort→ comforting contribute to表示“有助于”,其中to为介词,故应接动名词comforting 作宾语.6．4．the→ a 应使用不定冠词泛指“一群英国人”.5．freely→free形容词修饰名词,故应将副词freely改为free.6．so→but他们本打算找一个可以自由自在生活的地方,但是却经历了严冬.上下文之间含转折关系.7．starved后加to starve to death是固定短语,意思是“饿死”.8．we→they人称代词的逻辑性错误.9．去掉be不定式和其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,故应去掉be.10．Filling→Filled be filled with表示“充满”,故分词与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系,应使用过去分词引导短语作原因状语.7．5．part→partsdifferent后接复数名词,这里表示“不同的地域”.6．another→other“向彼此学习”应说learn from each other.7．improving→improve and连接了两个不定式作状语,第二个不定式符号to可省略.8．or→and or常用于疑问或否定句,故这里应改为and.9．at tractively→attractive副词so修饰形容词attractive作表语.10．去掉to be fond of是固定短语,意思是“喜欢”.8．5．make→ making或of→to.解析表示“做某事的方法”,可以说ways of doing或ways to do.6．her→ his.解析物主代词的误用.7．understood→understand.解析not only…but also连接两个并列谓语, 也可看成是连接两个句子, 省略了we should.8．immediate→immediately.解析副词修饰动名词.9．think→to think.解析表示“鼓励某人做某事”要说encourage sb to do sth.10．so→ such.解析such an excellent person=so excellent a person.9．【解析】1．去掉第二个to visit作“拜访,访问”讲时,是及物动词.2．living→ live used to do sth.意思是“曾经做某事（但现在停止）”;注意区分be used to (doing) sth.该短语意思是“习惯于（做）某事”.3．which→ that that引导同位语从句,说明an order的内容.4．were→ was在从句中,主语the old building是单数,谓语动词仍用单数.注意along with不是并列连词,所以它引导的短语不能被看作并列成分.5．I→We人称代词的逻辑错误.根据语境,这里指我们（我和住了多年的邻居）分开了.6．big→bigger than before提示上文应使用比较级.10．5．fixing→fixed“固定价格”要说the fixed price.形容词fixed意思是“固定的,不变的”.6．so→too衣服太贵买不起,应改为副词too修饰形容词expensive,表达失望的语气.7．left→leaving过去进行时（was leaving）表示过去将来的动作,即:我正要离开.8．Delighting→Delighted delighted指人感到高兴的,在句中作状语,该句意为:我高兴地买回这件夹克.delighting则用来指令人高兴的事.9．anything→s omething肯定句要用something,表示出了一些问题.10．where→which/that先行词pocket（口袋）指物,应用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,且which/that在从句中作主语.11．5．that→which关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句.这里用which引导非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词a sandy field,且which在从句中作主语.6．Better→Worse better still（更好的是）,不符合上下文语境,应改为worse still（更糟的是）.注意大写首字母.7．deal后加of a great deal（许多,大量）,后接名词时应先加介词of.8．house→houses这里的house指上文提到的“the small and low houses”,故应改为复数形式.9．ploughing→plough关系代词that在定语从句中作use的宾语,use sth to do sth意思是“用某物做某事”,to是不定式符号,故ploughing应改为plough.10．his→their人称代词的逻辑错误,主语the villagers是复数,其形容词性物主代词应为their.12．【解析】1．in→on或of→on具体到某一天要用介词on.2．while→when只有when能表示“恰在那时”.3．sides→side sides前面的other说明这里要用单数形式.4．去掉to see sth. do中的do是作see的宾语补足语.5．she→he应该用he和man统一、。

2020年高考英语短文改错专题训练(名师押题预测，绝对精品，值得下载练习)第一节短文改错（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧) ），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

In the beginning of the new term, our school organized military training. In the first three day, our instructor taught us how to walk and stood like a real soldier. On the last day of military training, we were honoring for our achievements. Through our efforts, they won the first prize. After the four-day military training, my classmates and I was expressed our thanks for our instructor's hardly work. He not only taught us how to behave like a soldier but also showed us meaning of honor or teamwork. Never will I forget that he taught me.第一节：短文改错：（10分）In the beginning of the new term, our school organized military training. In the first three day,At days our instructor taught us how to walk and stood like a real soldier. On the last day of militarystandtraining, we were honoring for our achievements. Through our efforts, they won the first prize.honored weAfter the four-day military training, my classmates and I was expressed our thanks for our instructor’s 去掉hardly work. He not only taught us how to behave like a soldier but also showed us ˄ meaning hard theof honor or teamwork. Never will I forget that he taught me.and what第一节短文改错(共10小题:每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

2020届高考英语专题十：短文改错记叙类专练（含解析）短文改错（每题1分，共40分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

A（考点27易）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on考点03 a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks 考点08 at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where考点11 his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun 考点09 to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling考点05 him to wait outside a考点01 shop. Five minutes later,Tony saw考点02 parents. Mom said, "How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible 考点06 worried." Tony promised her that this would never happen again.B（考点27易）The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take考点08 a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but考点12 there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about 考点01 world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your考点02 view and gain knowledges考点04 we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought 考点09 that it is a good idea. It does not cost many考点02, yet we can still learn a lot.C（考点27中难）Last night, I had a strange but interesting dream. On the way back to 考点06 home, I came across a child from another planet. His clothes seem考点09 to be shining and looked beautiful. As I got closely考点06 to him, he looked frightened and turned his back to me. Though I couldn’t speak her考点02 language, I used hand gestures to talk about 考点03 him. A while later, he told me lots of amazing thing考点04 on his planet, which made me laugh. But all of sudden, he began to cry, and then he explained he had lost his way but考点12 couldn’t find his home. Seen考点08 that, I offered to help him. His family had a telephone number like ours, so I asked him to call his parents using my phone. Soon before考点13 making the call he disappeared.D（考点27中难）On a storm考点06 night, I was alone at home. After finishing my homework, I was about to go to bed. All of sudden, the light went out. Meanwhile, there was a flash of lightning following考点08 by thunderstorms. I was so scared that I ran to my bed but 考点12 hid myself under the blanket. To make matters bad考点06, my parents went to hospital to accompany with my sick grandfather. I felt too frightened because my mind was full of scary thought考点04. After some time passed, I fall考点09 asleep at last. At breakfast I told my parents that考点11 I had seen last night. My parents were also frightened and they promised that they would ever考点06 leave me at home alone.语法填空（每题1.5分，共60分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

【新题型】2020届新高考英语7选5、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达组合练(1)一、七选五阅读How to Pack Your BagsPlan your clothes for each day of your trip. If you pack whole clothes rather than individual items of clothing, you won't have to worry about running out of things to wear. Choose your clothes based on what you plan to do, leaving anything else at home. For example, suppose you're going to the beach and plan to spend the majority of your time on the shore. 1 , but you wouldn't bring any formal wear.having a basic first aid set with you means you won't have to waste time hunting for supplies when you need them. Separate documents and items you'll need for your return home. Put return tickets, your house keys, and anything else related to your return in a separate plastic bag. Include a small amount of cash as well, in case you need it. 4 .Don't take these things with you when you're out and about. Leave them in your hotel room or locked in a safe at the hotel or hostel where you're staying.Include a laundry bag in your suitcase. 5 , but bringing your own will make things easier on your return. Lay it flat on top of your clothes and other items to keep things from shifting during travel.A. Put the bag in a safe placeB. That will keep them off the floorC. You might bring several swimsuitsD. Pack medical and first aid suppliesE. Rolling your garments reduces wrinklesF. You can depend on first aid supplies and drugsG. Many hotels provide a small plastic bag for laundry二、语法填空The British government has said that a third of the food the world produces is wasted. Over 7 million tons of food is wasted in the UK every year.三、短文改错Everybody has an idol(偶像) in their hearts, but most people’s idols are stars from TV shows and movies. As for me, I like to watch all kinds of sports and my most favorite player is Li Na. Li Na, the most powerfully female athlete in China, is favoring by fans all around the world. She becomes the first Asian tennis player to making such great break-through. She is the pride of China. Though she has retired, his spirit inspires me all time. Though she no longer competed in the match, the fans remember her. She is one of the greatest player in Chinese history.四、书面表达假如你是中学生李华，你市正在创建文明城市，请以“Changes I have seen”为题发表演讲，呼吁大家为“创建文明城市”做贡献。

高考英语语法填空真题练习班级考号姓名总分一、基础题（一）名词1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.2.(2022年全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful. The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.3.(2022年全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry4.(2020新高考Ⅰ,44)Historical(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.5.(2020课标全国Ⅰ, 64)The far side of the moon is of particular(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.6.(2020浙江,62)Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.（二）冠词1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set upa Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). covering an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.2.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell asleep while watching TV.3.(2022年新高考全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.4.(2020浙江,64)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with rise of science, changes began.5.(2022年全国乙卷)To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.（三）数词1.(2020课标全国Ⅱ短文改错改编)Then, when I was in the (five) grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.2.(2020课标全国Ⅰ短文改错改编)In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.（四）代词1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him.”2.(2022年全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth —A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.3.(2020新高考Ⅰ)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with compute r simulations(模拟)and imagine (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.4.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)Data about the moon s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.5.(2020北京)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to (I) the twosimple words “Be yourself”.6.(2020天津,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.7.(2020浙江,)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.二、提升题（一）语法填空With the development of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In some big cities 1. large number of citizens suffer various kinds of 2. (illness) because of air pollution.Air pollution is caused by the following factors: half of the problem is caused by 3. (vehicle). There are more and more cars and buses running on the roads, which give off poisonous 4. (gas). Twenty-five percent of air pollution is caused by 5. (factory). Another factor is smoking. Not only does smoking do harm to their health but also to others. Apart from these, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other 6. (reason).In order to fight against air pollution, we should take urgent 7. (measure). New fuels can be used to take 8. place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody is aware of the significance of protecting the environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved. Remember—each 9. (person) contribution counts a lot when it comes to protecting the environment. We hope air pollution will decrease a great deal when we celebrate the 10. (hundred) birthday of our city.（二）写作微练1.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)My father(是一位收银员) at the neighbourhood supermarket.2.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)We(去了一家农场) last weekend, where the scenery was very beautiful.3.(2020课标全国Ⅲ)(词汇和语法) of the plot need to be adjusted.附：参考答案和解析一、（一）名词1.【答案】populations考查名词。

【新题型】2020届新高考英语7选5、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达组合练(1)一、七选五阅读How to Pack Your BagsPlan your clothes for each day of your trip. If you pack whole clothes rather than individual items of clothing, you won't have to worry about running out of things to wear. Choose your clothes based on what you plan to do, leaving anything else at home. For example, suppose you're going to the beach and plan to spend the majority of your time on the shore. 1 , but you wouldn't bring any formal wear.Roll your garments in your bag. Folding takes up more space, and your clothing will end up more wrinkled.2 . Rolled garments also take up less space in your suitcase, allowing you to pack more items.3 . In most places you travel, you'll have access to first aid supplies and drugs if you need them. However, having a basic first aid set with you means you won't have to waste time hunting for supplies when you need them. Separate documents and items you'll need for your return home. Put return tickets, your house keys, and anything else related to your return in a separate plastic bag. Include a small amount of cash as well, in case you need it.4 .Don't take these things with you when you're out and about. Leave them in your hotel room or locked in a safe at the hotel or hostel where you're staying.Include a laundry bag in your suitcase. 5 , but bringing your own will make things easier on your return. Lay it flat on top of your clothes and other items to keep things from shifting during travel.A. Put the bag in a safe placeB. That will keep them off the floorC. You might bring several swimsuitsD. Pack medical and first aid suppliesE. Rolling your garments reduces wrinklesF. You can depend on first aid supplies and drugsG. Many hotels provide a small plastic bag for laundry二、语法填空The British government has said that a third of the food the world produces is wasted. Over 7 million tons of food is wasted in the UK every year.One-third of food produced for human 1 (consume) is lost or wasted globally. There are many answers to 2problem of food waste. First, schools could raise children's awareness of food waste from a young age. Secondly,-by’　supermarkets could sell vegetables that 3 (be) thrown away because they are the wrong shape. Finally, ‘se4dates, ‘use-by’ dates and ‘best before’ labels need to change. Perfectly good food is thrown away becausethese labels(标签).The fact that so much food is thrown away is both socially 5 environmentally unacceptable. Socially, it is ascandal(丑事) that people are going 6 (hunger) and using food banks when so much produce is being wasted. Environmentally, it is a disaster, because energy and resources 7 (waste) in production. Supermarkets should becalled on to help by 8 (sell) vegetables that have a funny shape.It’s ridiculous 9perfectly good vegetables are wasted 10 (simple) because they're a funny shape.t. Thus, they shouldn’t waste so much.Honestly speaking, t hese vegetables don’t cook or taste any differen三、短文改错Everybody has an idol(偶像) in their hearts, but most people’s idols are stars from TV shows and movies. As forme, I like to watch all kinds of sports and my most favorite player is Li Na. Li Na, the most powerfully femaleathlete in China, is favoring by fans all around the world. She becomes the first Asian tennis player to making suchgreat break-through. She is the pride of China. Though she has retired, his spirit inspires me all time. Though sheno longer competed in the match, the fans remember her. She is one of the greatest player in Chinese history.四、书面表达为题发表演讲，呼吁大家为假如你是中学生李华，你市正在创建文明城市，请以“Changes I have seen”“创建文明城市”做贡献。

2020届高三英语专项练习专题十一：短文改错说明类专练短文改错（每题1分，共40分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

AChinese Dream is made up of ordinary people dreams. If someone asks me how 考点11 my Chinese dream is, and 考点12 I will answer it without hesitation：to be a good doctor. The reason when 考点10 I want to be a doctor is because考点11 I want to save as many lives that 考点13 I can. If 考点13 I was young, I got seriously injured in a terrible accident. Thanks to the doctors’ efforts, so I was brought back to life. Since then, which考点11 has always encouraged me is to be a good doctor. To make sure of 考点11 my dream can be realized, I have been studying hard so as考点13 I can be admitted into a good medical college. Only in this way can I achieve my goal.BAs we all know, to change the entire world is absolute考点06 impossible. But a number of small change 考点04 can make a big difference. Every one has tasks that they fear to doing考点08. Think of a task that your dear one hated考点09, and do it for him or her! You can imagine the pleasure where 考点13 you see your bathroom unexpectedly cleaned. Next, whether your talent is singing, cooking and考点12 giving good advice, share it. You may not think your talent is interesting, but they 考点02 can make the world a better place. Start 考点01 conversation with someone. It feels great to have a good conversation that connects you with someone. Whoever you choose from考点03, making a meaningful conversation can make newer 考点06 connections or strengthen old ones.CAs is well know考点08, books teach us to learn life, truth, science and many other useful things. They increased考点09 our knowledge, broaden our minds and strengthen our character. In the other words,they are our good teachers and wise friend考点04. This is the reason that考点10 our parents always encourage us to read more books.Read考点08 is a good thing, but we must pay greatly考点06 attention to the choice of books. It is true that we can get benefits 考点03good books. Otherwise考点06, bad books will do us much 考点06 harm than good.DJo worked at a bush school whose classrooms was 考点05 made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. It took the students about two hours 考点08 get to the school. The other day, Jo visited Tombe’s home in a remoting考点06 village. When they arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother was working in her garden. Tombe’s father led them to their 考点02 house, a low bamboo hut with grass stick 考点08 out of the roof, which考点10 she could only see one broom, a few tin plates and cup and a couple of jars. That 考点11 they ate to were sweet potatoes, corn and greens. That night Jo and Jenny slept in 考点03 a newly made platform. They left the village next morning after many goodbyes and handshakes.语法填空（每题1.5分，共60分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。