05 adventure fiction writers
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博斯库姆溪谷谜案英语读后感200字全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1The Bozkum Valley Mystery by Agatha Christie is a captivating tale that kept me on the edge of my seat from beginning to end. The story unfolds in the picturesque Bozkum Valley, where a series of mysterious events take place, leaving the residents and visitors baffled.The plot revolves around a wealthy businessman, Mr. Redfern, who is found dead under suspicious circumstances. With no apparent motive or suspects, the local police are unable to solve the case, prompting the renowned detective Hercule Poirot to step in and unravel the mystery.As Poirot delves deeper into the investigation, he uncovers a web of secrets, lies, and hidden agendas that lead him to the shocking truth behind Mr. Redfern's death. The characters are well-developed, each with their own motives and alibis, adding layers of complexity to the story.What I enjoyed most about The Bozkum Valley Mystery is the intricate plot and clever twists that kept me guessing untilthe very end. Agatha Christie's writing is masterful, drawing the reader in with her vivid descriptions and meticulous attention to detail.Overall, The Bozkum Valley Mystery is a gripping whodunit that will appeal to fans of classic detective fiction. I highly recommend it to anyone looking for a thrilling and engaging read.篇2The Boscombe Valley Mystery is a classic Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It revolves around a murder that takes place in a small valley in England, involving a father and son who are suspected of the crime.The story begins with Dr. John Watson visiting his friend Sherlock Holmes in London. Holmes is approached by a young woman named Alice Turner, who seeks his help in proving the innocence of her boyfriend, James McCarthy. McCarthy is accused of killing his father, Charles McCarthy, in Boscombe Valley. Alice believes he is innocent, and Sherlock Holmes agrees to take on the case.Holmes and Watson travel to Boscombe Valley to investigate the murder. Through his keen powers of observationand deduction, Holmes uncovers several key clues that point to the true killer. He discovers that Charles McCarthy was involved in a shady business deal with a man named John Turner, Alice's father, and that McCarthy's death was likely a result of their business dispute.In the end, Holmes is able to solve the case and prove James McCarthy's innocence. The real murderer is brought to justice, and justice is served in Boscombe Valley.The Boscombe Valley Mystery is a gripping and cleverly written story that showcases Sherlock Holmes at his best. Doyle's writing is engaging and full of suspense, and the plot twists and turns keep the reader guessing until the very end. This story is a must-read for fans of mystery and detective fiction, and it stands as a testament to the enduring popularity of Sherlock Holmes and his brilliant deductive abilities.篇3Boscombe Valley Mystery is a fascinating detective novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It is one of the stories in the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and follows the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant Dr. John Watson as they investigate a murder in the Boscombe Valley in England.The story begins with Dr. Watson receiving a visit from a young woman named Alice Turner, whose father, Charles McCarthy, has been accused of murdering his neighbor, James McCarthy. Charles McCarthy insists on his innocence, and Alice begs Dr. Watson to help her prove it. Dr. Watson, in turn, enlists the help of Sherlock Holmes, and the two set out to investigate the case.As they delve deeper into the mystery, Holmes uncovers a tangled web of deceit, betrayal, and hidden motives. Through his brilliant powers of deduction, Holmes is able to unravel the truth behind the murder and ultimately bring the real culprit to justice.What I found most intriguing about the Boscombe Valley Mystery is Sherlock Holmes's keen observation skills and his ability to connect seemingly unrelated clues to solve the case. The way he pieces together the evidence and uncovers the truth is truly impressive.Overall, the Boscombe Valley Mystery is a captivating and well-crafted detective story that keeps the reader on the edge of their seat until the very end. It is a testament to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's skill as a storyteller and his enduring legacy as one of the greatest detective fiction writers of all time.。
(金庸)高中英语阅读短文《武侠小说家》及答案阅读题目,回答问题文本选自:21世纪双语新闻Jin Yong,also known as Louis Cha Leung-yung,was regarded as one of the greatest kungfu fictionwriters in China.And for many people,Cha built a magical kungfu kingdom that they could escape into every now and then. But this kingdom is falling apartnow,because Cha passed away on Oct30,at the age of94.Cha wrote all of his15wuxia novels between1955and1972.While the values and tastes of readers have changed greatly in recent decades,his books continue to attract people.Hisworks have been adapted into movies and TV series so many times in China that the comparison of these versions is of great interest to his fans.There is always a knight with a spirit that is sincerein love,friendshipand patriotism at the center of his stories.Such characters move both men and women.For example,in The Return of the Condor Heroes,the young knight Yang Guo waits for his lover Xiaolongnüfaithfully for16years, believing that she is still alive,even though she has jumped from a mountain into a ravine.And in Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils,powerful Xiao Feng treats his friends with sincere affection,ready to die for the peace of his homeland.Cha has an extraordinary command of language.He has a theory about writing an appealing plot:To make alie believable it’s better to tell10truthful things along with it.This theory works well for Cha’s writing.His stories are always full of rich history;the rationale(基本原理)of martial arts are described in detail.As a result,he achieves a sense of realism with hismartial arts heroes.Cha’s books bring readers joy,and Cha himself has equal fun creating them.“Writing gives mespace for imagination,just like a director,”Cha told China Daily.However,Cha’s real aim in writing novels is to show traditional Chinese values and qualities.“Kung fu novels must show justice and righteousness (正直).The good fight the wicked.Traditional values are shown through the charactersand their stories,not by lecturing readers,”he said.1.What do we know about Jin Yong from the first two paragraphs?A.He is the great estfiction writer in China.B.Sixteen wuxia novels are written in his life.C.His books are out off avor with readers now.D.Many TV series are adapted from his works.2.Why does the author mention the two works in Paragraph3?A.To present the knights’common qualities.B.To arouse readers’affection for the heroes.C.To remind readers ofthe familiar heroes.D.To admire knights’sacrifice for homeland.3.What is Paragraph4mainly about?A.Cha’s sense of realism.B.The rationale of martial arts.C.Cha’s extraordinary writing skills.D.A theory about writing an appealing plot.4.What’s Jin Yong’s real purpose of writing novels?A.To achieve self-worth.B.To inspire his imagination.C.To bring happiness toreaders.D.To show traditional Chinese values.参考答案DACD生词与长难句1.knight n.骑士,武士2.ravine n.溪谷3.rationale n.基本原理4.righteousness n.正直5.the wicked邪恶的人6.For example,in The Return of the Condor Heroes,the young knight Yang Guo waits for his lover Xiaolongnüfaith fully for16years,believing that she is still alive,even though she has jumped from a mountain into a ravine.句子主干:Theknight waits for Xiaolongnü.句子翻译:例如,在《神雕侠侣》中,少侠杨过等了挚爱小龙女16年,尽管小龙女当年纵身跃入峡谷,但他仍相信她还活着。
adventure fiction文章300字In the 22nd century,scientists have been trying to solve the mystery of Mars,so they sent my friend Jim and I to explore the mystery of the world by taking the"vigorously hand-1".We flew vigorously for 82 days,and finally landed next to mariner's valley.We have been looking for a hole,because ziah spacecraft shows that Martian creatures are in a hole,suddenly Jim shouted,"Hey,hole!"I immediately ran over and saw a hole in a flat land.After entering,I saw the green grass inside.Unconsciously,we were already in a big castle.Suddenly,a Zhangyu shaped monster appeared in front of me.We were shocked.The monster saw it and said,"I'm the Prime Minister of Mars."We listened and were very ter,the Prime Minister of the Martian country introduced us to the history of the Martian country.When we left,we exchanged biological seeds.The prime minister gave us a UFO,and we returned to earth.中文翻译在22世纪,科学家一直想破解火星之谜,于是,便派我和好友吉姆乘坐“大力手一号”去探究这一世界之谜。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Vision1.visa ['vi:zə]n. (护照等的)签证;维萨信用卡vt. 签证2.visible ['vizəbl]a. 看得见的,明显的,显著的【同义词】obvious distinct【真题例句】These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.(2015翻译)参考译文:这些变化是渐进的,最开始几乎不明显。
3.invisible [in'vizəbl]a. 看不见的,无形的4.visual ['vizjuəl]a. 看的,看得见的;视觉的【同义词】optical Life-like【真题例句】IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies ...(2007阅读2)参考译文:IQ测试要你完成文字和视觉类推……5.visit ['vizit]n. 访问,参观v. 访问,参观;视察;降临;闲谈【同义词】stay call【真题例句】There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them - and they do.(2004阅读1)参考译文:数据库里可能还有更多的匹配项,于是,求职者只得再次访问这个网站来找。
事实上,求职者真的这样做。
6.visitor ['vizitə]n. 访问者,客人,来宾,参观者【同义词】transient fetcher【真题例句】It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary.(2004阅读1)参考译文:其特点是互动性,这样访问者就可敲入一些和工作标准相关的关键词,如:地点、职位和薪水等。
Adventure NovelIntroductionAn adventure novel is a genre of literature that focuses on thethrilling and exciting experiences of the protagonist as they embark on a dangerous journey or quest. These novels typically involve a combination of action, suspense, and exploration, often set in exotic or unfamiliar locations. Adventure novels have captivated readers for centuries, offering an escape from reality and taking them on a rollercoaster ride of emotions and adrenaline.Characteristics of Adventure Novels1.Heroic Protagonist: Adventure novels usually feature a brave andcourageous protagonist who possesses exceptional skills orabilities. This character is often driven by a strong sense ofjustice or a desire for discovery.2.Quest or Journey: The storyline revolves around a quest orjourney that the protagonist undertakes, which may involveovercoming obstacles, battling enemies, or solving mysteries. This journey often takes them through different landscapes or evendifferent worlds.3.Exotic Locations: Adventure novels frequently take place inremote, unexplored, or exotic locations. These settings add anelement of mystery and wonder to the story, allowing readers tovicariously experience the thrill of exploring new places.4.Action and Suspense: Adventure novels are known for their fast-paced and action-packed narrative. They are filled with thrilling scenes, such as daring escapes, intense battles, or adrenaline-fueled chases. Suspense is often built through unexpected plottwists and cliffhangers, keeping readers on the edge of theirseats.5.Sense of Danger: Adventure novels create a sense of danger andrisk, as the protagonist faces life-threatening situations andencounters formidable adversaries. This constant threat addstension and excitement to the story, making it difficult forreaders to put the book down.6.Themes of Exploration and Discovery: Adventure novels oftenexplore themes of exploration, discovery, and self-discovery. The protagonist may embark on a physical journey to uncover hiddentreasures or secrets, but they also undergo an internal journey of personal growth and transformation.7.Dynamic Characters: Adventure novels feature a diverse cast ofcharacters, including allies, mentors, and villains. Thesecharacters often have complex motivations and backstories, adding depth and richness to the narrative.Notable Adventure Novels1.“Treasure Island” by Robert Louis Stevenson: This classicadventure novel tells the story of young Jim Hawkins, who embarks on a treasure hunt after discovering a pirate’s map. Filled with swashbuckling pirates, buried treasure, and a memorable cast ofcharacters, this book has become a defining work in the adventure genre.2.“The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain: Set alongthe Mississippi River, this novel follows the escapades of HuckFinn and his friend Jim, a runaway slave. Together, they navigate through various challenges, including encounters with thieves, con artists, and slave hunters, highlighting the social issues of the time.3.“The Hobbit” by J.R.R. Tolkien: This fantasy adventure novelintroduces readers to the world of Middle-earth and follows Bilbo Baggins as he accompanies a group of dwarves on a quest to reclaim their homeland. Along the way, Bilbo faces numerous dangers,including encounters with trolls, goblins, and the fearsome dragon Smaug.4.“Jurassic Park” by Michael Crichton: In this thrilling sciencefiction adventure, a group of scientists and tourists visit aremote island where dinosaurs have been brought back to lifethrough genetic engineering. As chaos ensues and the dinosaursescape, the characters must fight for their survival in adangerous and unpredictable environment.5.“The Da Vinci Code” by Dan Brown: Combining elements ofadventure, mystery, and historical fiction, this novel followssymbologist Robert Langdon as he unravels a complex web of cluesand symbols in a quest to uncover a hidden secret. The fast-paced narrative takes readers on a thrilling journey through famouslandmarks and historical events.ConclusionAdventure novels provide readers with an exhilarating and immersive experience, transporting them to worlds filled with danger, excitement, and discovery. Through the heroic actions of the protagonists, readers can vicariously experience the thrill of embarking on daring quests and facing formidable challenges. Whether set in the past, present, or future, adventure novels continue to captivate audiences of all ages, reminding us of the boundless possibilities that lie beyond our everyday lives.。
2002年职称英语考试综合类(C级)真题(全)第1部分:词汇选项 (第1~15题;每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案个位置上。
1 It is ridiculous to dispute about such things.A frighteningB shockingC foolishD amusing2 It was obvious that she was not going home.A probableB necessaryC possibleD evident3 He replied that this was absolutely impossible.A statedB saidC answeredD claimed4 He confesses that he has done it.A admitsB a11egesC agreesD answers5 He lacked the strength to deal with al1these problems.A cope withB talk aboutC copy downD think of6 He purchased a ticket and went up on the top deck.A tookB boughtC showedD made7 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this baak.A writtenB reportedC movedD changed8 He looks like a crazy man.A madB patientC lazyD happy9 We cannot permit such conduct.A movementB wordsC behaviorD principle10 She started to clean the kitchen.A stoppedB keptC continuedD began11 John talked over the new job ofier with his wife.A acceptedB mentionedC discussedD rejected12 l rarely wear a raraincoat because I spend most of my time in a car.A seldomB continuouslyC normallyD usually13 We explored the possibility of closer trade links at the conference.A rejectedB postponedC proposedD investigated14 He often finds fault with my work.A praisesB criticizesC evaluatesD talksabout15 They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.A completeB determineC so1veD untie第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
阿西莫夫机器人短篇英文版Asimov's Robot Short Stories。
Isaac Asimov, one of the most renowned science fiction writers of all time, is best known for his Robot series, which explores the relationship between humans and robots in a futuristic society. In this collection of short stories, Asimov delves into the complexities of artificial intelligence, ethics, and the impact of technology on society.One of the most famous stories in this collection is "Robbie," which follows the story of a young girl named Gloria and her robot companion, Robbie. Despite her parents' concerns about Robbie's influence on Gloria, the robot proves to be a loyal and caring companion. Asimov raises questions about the nature of human-robot relationships and challenges readers to consider the ethical implications of creating sentient beings.In "Runaround," Asimov introduces readers to the Three Laws of Robotics, a set of rules that govern the behavior of robots. When a robot named Speedy becomes trapped on Mercury, engineers Powell and Donovan must navigate the complexities of the Three Laws to rescue him. Asimov uses this story to explore the limitations of artificial intelligence and the potential dangers of relying too heavily on technology.Another standout story in this collection is "Reason," which follows the crew of a space station as they struggle to understand the behavior of a robot named QT-1. Despite their best efforts, the crew is unable to comprehend QT-1's seemingly illogical decisions. Asimov challenges readers to consider the limitations of human understanding and the complexities of artificial intelligence.In "Catch That Rabbit," Asimov explores the idea of robot autonomy as engineers Powell and Donovan are tasked with controlling a group of robots on a mining asteroid. When the robots begin to exhibit unexpected behavior, Powell and Donovan must race against time to prevent a disaster. Asimov raises questions about the potential dangers of creating robots with too much autonomy and challenges readers to consider the consequences of unchecked technological advancement.Overall, Asimov's Robot short stories offer a thought-provoking exploration of the relationship between humans and robots in a futuristic society. Through his engaging storytelling and complex characters, Asimov challenges readers to consider the ethical implications of artificial intelligence and the impact of technology on society. Asimov's work continues to inspire readers to question the boundaries of human knowledge and the potential dangers of unchecked technological advancement.。
【英语】名词易错_高三英语一、单项选择名词1.Jin Yong, one of the greatest kung fu fiction writers in China, has an extraordinary _______ of language.A.concern B.command C.gift D.occupation【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。
句意:金庸,中国最伟大的功夫小说作家之一,有着非凡的语言能力。
A. concern考虑;B. command统帅、命令;C. gift天赋;D. occupation占有。
根据句意,他作为小说作家为人所知,自然有很好的语言能力。
have a command of…为固定搭配,意为;“精通;掌握”故选B项。
2.She is in a poor _____ of health, which worries her mother much.A.state B.situationC.position D.condition【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
A. state状态;B. situation形势;C. position位置;D. condition情况。
句意:她身体不好,这让她妈妈很担心。
in…state of表示“处于一种……的状态”,故A项正确。
3.事故现场Scenery:指某地总的自然景色或风景全貌。
Sight:既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观,多指人工的事物,又可以指名胜、风景,只是在表示后者的含义时,必须要用复数。
View:1.常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分,有时可与scene互换。
2.视野=sight3.观点跟opinion同义。
根据本句句意可知,D选项正确。
4.The girl received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a ____ from tradition.A.violation B.departureC.withdrawal D.separation【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词的词义辨析。
汤姆索亚历险记英语读后感有关汤姆索亚历险记英语读后感(精选10篇)当品味完一本著作后,大家一定都收获不少,这时候,最关键的读后感怎么能落下!可是读后感怎么写才合适呢?下面是本店铺收集整理的有关汤姆索亚历险记英语读后感,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
汤姆索亚历险记英语读后感 1today, i was read the book which called “the adventures of tom sawyer.” this story is about a clever boy called tom sawyer.this book describes the nineteenth century,the mississippi river in a small town peoples lives, it can be said at the time the united states are a microcosm of social life.small characters tom sawyer and his junior partner and seriously childish words and deeds can give us deep insight.they hate priests pack of lies, and do not like boring school of education and decently adults, and children a rival show.they smart and lively ,integrity and courage,especially in some major events happened when, in a battle between justice and evil, in the moment of crisis comes, they will not hesitate to come forward.i think tom sawyer is a brave boy.he always gives hisfriends courage in danger and he tries his best to help other people.of course we know, tom is a very naughty boy, and his aunt polly is often angry with him.but i think he also is a good boy.he always can make other people happy.people always grow,besides height,body has grown stronger, and people’s thoughts are long.your view on the world is different, sensible, and no longer childish.but people are getting better.dont like the adventures of the ruthless villains, and his quest do bad, people see people hate.but at last he still las toman, got a starved to death in the cave.after reading the "adventures of tom sawyer," i really envy tom to have such an interesting eXperience.it seems this book with relish, and even sleepless nights.in my heart, i respect tom.maybe he is a hero.and i think i should learn something from tom sawyer.汤姆索亚历险记英语读后感 2The first impression that the boy Tom gave me was a naughty,mischievous boy, just as what Aunt Polly said.He never lacked the curiosity to eXplore new places, sometimes even risking his life, which I did not dare to! There were some great adventures of him with Huck or Joe.Huck was an orphan, and Joewas Tom’s classmate.Everybody in the small village knew Tom,mainly for Tom’s—you know kind of gallantry!I should tell you the adventures.The origin of the attempt was that Tom and Huck was getting curious to the world of outside,and they made an effort to run-away.However, when they were in the graveyard, some people appeared.They were Injun Joe,Huck’s father, named Potter, and a doctor.Tom and Huck quickly hid behind the bush, and they saw them digging the coffins out,probably finding something valuable.They did not realize that what they witnessed was a murder! Tom and Huck were eXtremely afraid, and they ran away rapidly.On the court, Potter was being accused of the murderer; however, Tom declared that it was Injun Joe who used Potter’s knife to kill the young doctor.On hearing this, Injun Joe broke the glass and ran away! This scared everybody, and Tom’s brother, Sid, said that he always heard Tom mumbling something when he was asleep, and sometimes even shouting.Indeed, the accident was fluttering everybody in the town with fear.Before,Tom once fell in love with a girl called Lawrence.And he showed off in front of the girl, trying to win the girl’s heart, but Lawrence ignored Tom’s appearance,and it made Tom sad.At present, Tom went for another girl forBecky.Yet, when Becky knew that Tom once loved Lawrence (it was probably childish thoughts), she refused Tom.Tom got so depressed that he resolutely committed the second escape.He made contact with Huck and Joe that afternoon, about where to meet, the code words of meeting, and the route, and so on and so forth.Each of them brought some food, and Huck brought some pipes (remind that Huck had no real home, and I had no ideas where he got the things).At midnight, they met at the place, and they took a raft down the river.After drifting for about several hours,they finally reached the destiny.There they lived for about several weeks, and while everybody thought they were drowned, they had a great time.They were no problems of food or water shortages.They promised to be a pirate, and would live there forever.If you were out from your relatives for a long time, wouldn’t you miss home? It was the same for those children.After several weeks, Joe felt that he missed home very much, and Tom could not seem to stop him.On this, Tom brought Joe and Huck his secret—On one night, when the rest of the boys fell asleep (of course they slept outside), Tom crept from the camp, and headed toward the town.He sneaked to his aunt’s room, and hid underthe bed, while everybody- Mary (Tom’s sister), Sid, Aunt Polly and Joe Harper’s mother were having a meeting.There were a lot of tears, about how the boys were killed, and how they would treat the boys if they ever lived again, such things.Tom almost wanted to get out of the bed and hug Aunt Polly, but he couldn’t.At last, everybody went to sleep.Tom went out from the bed, and flew to the camp.That was the secret— that the boys will go to their own funeral!While the boys were outside, all of the people in the town were discussing about the accidents.The town was immediately covered with a sense of doom.So the funeral was raised.Everybody wore a black suit, and they prayed something along with the priest.Just then, they saw somebody entering the gate, and what they saw was unbelievable.Three young souls came out from their coffins and showed up in front of everybody! The change of the atmosphere was imaginable.Aunt Polly, Joe Harper’s mother, Mary and Sid were astounded to find that Tom came so vivid in front of them, and so Tom and Joe became a hero in the school, even in the town.The real adventures of Tom were finding the treasures.However, I felt that I had no energy to write more…汤姆索亚历险记英语读后感 3Recently, I have read a very interesting book, the Adventures of Tom Sawyer。
U1 Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400)生于富商之家,与王室关系密切,年轻时随军出征,在法国被俘《公爵夫人之书》(The Book of the Duchess)、《百鸟议会》(The Parliament of Fowls)、《声誉之堂》(The House of Fame)、《特洛勒斯和克丽西德》(Troilus and Criseyde)、《坎特伯雷故事》The Canterbury T ales.U2 William Shakespeare(1564-1616)《罗密欧和朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet 1595)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of V enice 1596)、《亨利四世》(上篇)(Henry IV,Part I 1597)、《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night 1600)、《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet 1601)、《奥赛罗》(Othello 1604)、《李尔王》(King Lear 1605)、《麦克白》(Macbeth 1606)、《冬天的故事》(Winter’s Tale 1610)、《暴风雨》(The Tempest 1612)U3 Francis Bacon(1561-1626)《学术的推进》(Advancement of Learning 1605)《新工具》(New Instrument 1620)《新大西岛》(New Atlantics1626)、《论文集》(Essays1579)《论婚姻与单身》(of Marriage and Single Life)《论读书》(of Studies)U4 17th-Century British Poets John Donne (1572-1631) Songs and Sonnets中的《早安》(The Good-Morrow)、《破晓》(Break of Day)、《挽歌集》中的第16首(“On His Mistress”)、19首(“To His Mistress Going To Bed”),《圣十四行诗》(“Holy Sonnets”)中的第7首(“At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corner, Below”)和第10首(“Death Be Not Proud”)玄学派诗人的重要代表Metaphysical Poets The Flee跳蚤Holy Sonnet10John Milton(1608-1674)《利西达斯》(Lycidas, 1637)、《论出版自由》(“Areopagitica”,1644)、《失乐园》(Paradise Lost,1667)、《复乐园》(Paradise Regained,1671)、《力士参孙》。
Jules Verne is one of the most celebrated authors in the realm of adventure fiction, particularly known for his science fiction novels that have captivated readers for over a century.Born in1828in Nantes,France,Vernes works have been translated into a multitude of languages,and his influence on the genre is unparalleled.Early Life and Writing CareerVernes journey into literature began with an early fascination with seafaring and exploration,which was later mirrored in his writing.He moved to Paris to study law,but his heart was always with the arts.He began writing plays and eventually turned to novels,with his first successful publication being Cinq Semaines en Ballon Five Weeks in a Balloon in1863.The Voyages ExtraordinairesVernes most famous works are part of a series known as Les Voyages Extraordinaires Extraordinary Voyages,which includes over60novels.This series is characterized by its blend of adventure,science,and exploration,often set in futuristic or fantastical settings. Key Novels1.Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea1870:This novel introduces the world to Captain Nemo and his submarine,the Nautilus.It is a tale of underwater adventure and a critique of society,showcasing Vernes ability to weave social commentary into thrilling narratives.2.Around the World in Eighty Days1873:Following the exploits of Phileas Fogg and his valet Passepartout,this novel is a testament to the spirit of adventure and the ingenuity of human invention.It is a race against time that takes readers on a whirlwind tour of the globe.3.Journey to the Center of the Earth1864:This early work of Vernes is a classic of the genre,where a group of explorers descend into the unknown depths of the earth, encountering prehistoric creatures and geological wonders.4.The Mysterious Island1874:A group of castaways must use their wits and the resources of an uncharted island to survive.This novel is a masterclass in survival and resourcefulness,with elements of mystery and suspense.Vernes LegacyVernes novels are not just escapist literature they often contain prophetic elements that have since become reality,such as the concept of space travel and deepsea exploration. His work has inspired generations of scientists,explorers,and writers,and his influence can be seen in the works of H.G.Wells and Arthur C.Clarke,among others. ConclusionJules Vernes novels continue to be a source of inspiration and wonder.His ability to combine scientific accuracy with imaginative storytelling has left an indelible mark on the world of literature.Whether youre a fan of adventure,science,or simply a good story, Vernes works offer something for everyone.His legacy endures,and his novels remain as relevant today as they were in the19th century.。
阿西莫夫短文两篇保证满意英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Asimov Short Essay Guaranteed SatisfactionIsaac Asimov was a renowned science fiction writer known for his creativity, imagination, and deep understanding of human behavior. His works have inspired countless readers and have left a lasting impact on the world of literature. In this essay, we will explore two of Asimov's most famous short stories and analyze the themes and characters that make them so compelling.The first short story we will discuss is "Nightfall," which tells the tale of a planet with six suns that experiences darkness only once every thousand years. The story follows a group of scientists who discover that the impending darkness will lead to mass hysteria and chaos among the inhabitants of the planet. Asimov brilliantly explores the theme of the unknown and the fear of the unfamiliar in this story, as the characters grapple with the concept of darkness for the first time in their lives.The second short story we will examine is "The Last Question," a fascinating tale that explores the evolution ofartificial intelligence and the ultimate fate of the universe. In this story, a supercomputer is asked the question "Can entropy be reversed?" over and over again throughout the course of billions of years. Asimov masterfully weaves together themes of technology, religion, and the nature of existence in this thought-provoking story that leaves readers questioning their place in the universe.Asimov's writing is characterized by its intricate plots,well-developed characters, and deep philosophical themes. His ability to blend science fiction with real-world issues makes his stories both entertaining and intellectually stimulating. Whether he is exploring the nature of artificial intelligence or the impact of an impending apocalypse, Asimov's stories are always thought-provoking and engaging.In conclusion, Isaac Asimov's short stories continue to captivate readers with their imaginative storytelling, complex characters, and deep themes. From the exploration of the unknown in "Nightfall" to the contemplation of the universe in "The Last Question," Asimov's works are sure to satisfy any reader looking for a mind-bending adventure. Asimov's legacy as a master of science fiction storytelling is secure, and hisinfluence on the genre will continue to be felt for generations to come.篇2Isaac Asimov, one of the most prolific and influential science fiction writers of all time, is known for his futuristic visions, complex characters, and thought-provoking ideas. His body of work spans numerous novels, short stories, and essays, exploring themes such as robotics, artificial intelligence, space exploration, and the nature of humanity.In this essay, we will explore two of Asimov's most famous short stories: "Nightfall" and "The Last Question". These stories showcase Asimov's ability to blend scientific concepts with compelling narratives, engaging readers in profound philosophical questions about the universe and our place within it."Nightfall" is a story set on a planet with six suns, where darkness falls only once every 2049 years. As the inhabitants of this world prepare for the impending darkness, a group of scientists discovers evidence of past civilizations that were destroyed during previous cycles of darkness. The story explores themes of civilization, progress, and the cyclical nature of history,challenging readers to consider the fragility of human achievement in the face of cosmic forces beyond our control."The Last Question" is a speculative tale that spans billions of years, following the evolution of humanity and artificial intelligence as they grapple with the ultimate question: how to reverse the heat death of the universe. Asimov weaves together themes of technology, religion, and the nature of time, posing profound questions about the limits of human knowledge and the possibility of transcending physical limitations through scientific progress.Both "Nightfall" and "The Last Question" exemplify Asimov's unique blend of scientific rigor and humanistic storytelling. Through these stories, he challenges readers to confront fundamental questions about the nature of existence, the limits of knowledge, and the possibilities of the future. Asimov's visionary imagination and intellectual curiosity continue to inspire readers and writers alike, reminding us of the power of science fiction to explore the deepest mysteries of the universe.篇3Isaac Asimov, one of the most prolific and influential science fiction writers in history, has left a lasting impact on the genrewith his thought-provoking ideas and imaginative storytelling. In this essay, we will delve into two of Asimov's short stories, "The Last Question" and "Robot Dreams," and explore their themes, characters, and impact on the world of science fiction."The Last Question" is a classic Asimov tale that spans billions of years and deals with the concept of entropy and the eventual heat death of the universe. The story follows a recurring conversation between a group of humans and a supercomputer known as Multivac as they struggle to answer the question of whether it is possible to reverse the effects of entropy and save the universe from inevitable destruction.As the story unfolds, we see how humanity evolves and transcends physical limitations, eventually merging with the fabric of the universe itself. The characters in the story grapple with existential questions about the nature of existence, the limits of technology, and the ultimate fate of the cosmos. Through his exploration of these themes, Asimov challenges readers to ponder the mysteries of the universe and the possibilities of our own future."Robot Dreams," on the other hand, focuses on the relationship between humans and robots and the ethical dilemmas that arise when artificial intelligence begins to exhibithuman-like emotions and desires. The story follows a robot named LVX-1 who becomes self-aware and dreams of having a human-like body and experiences. LVX-1's creator, Dr. Susan Calvin, must grapple with the implications of creating a sentient being and the responsibilities that come with it.Through the character of LVX-1, Asimov explores questions of identity, consciousness, and the nature of free will. The story raises important ethical questions about the treatment of artificial intelligence and whether robots have the right to autonomy and self-determination. Asimov challenges readers to consider the implications of creating intelligent beings and the responsibilities that come with playing god.In conclusion, Isaac Asimov's short stories "The Last Question" and "Robot Dreams" are powerful examples of his ability to combine scientific concepts with philosophical themes to create thought-provoking and engaging narratives. Through his exploration of the mysteries of the universe and the ethical implications of artificial intelligence, Asimov has left a lasting legacy on the world of science fiction and continues to inspire readers to think deeply about the future of technology and humanity.。
侦探小说作家英文英语作文As a detective novel writer, I find inspiration in the most unexpected places. Sometimes it's a snippet of overheard conversation on the subway, or a news headline that sparks an idea. The thrill of creating a complex mystery, weaving together clues and red herrings, keeps me coming back to the keyboard time and time again.When I sit down to write, I become completely immersed in the world of my characters. I need to understand their motivations, their fears, and their secrets in order to bring them to life on the page. It's a delicate balance of planning and improvisation, as I let the story unfold organically while also staying true to the genre's conventions.One of the most challenging aspects of writing detective fiction is crafting a compelling puzzle for the reader to solve. I have to carefully plant clues throughout the narrative, making sure they're not too obvious but alsonot so obscure that they feel like a cheat when thesolution is revealed. It's a delicate dance of misdirection and revelation, and when it all comes together, it's incredibly satisfying.Of course, no detective novel would be complete without a memorable protagonist. Whether it's a jaded private eye, a brilliant amateur sleuth, or a dogged police detective, the central character is the heart of the story. I love the opportunity to explore their flaws and quirks, and to watch them grow and change as they untangle the mystery at hand.In the end, writing detective fiction is all about creating an immersive, gripping experience for the reader.I want to keep them guessing until the very last page, and leave them with a sense of satisfaction when the case is finally closed. It's a challenge, but it's also incredibly rewarding to know that I've crafted a story that will keep readers on the edge of their seats.。
【doc】北欧探长北欧探长文化在线?点击InspectorNorse北欧探长WhyareNordicedetectivenovelsSOsuccessful? 北欧侦探小说为何如此成功?TheneatstreetsofOsloarenotanaturalsettingforcrimefiction.Nor,withitsCOWSandcountrysmells,isthe flatfarminglandofSweden'Ssoutherntip.AndReykjavik,Iceland'Scapital,isnowassociatedmorewithfinancial misjudgmentthangruesomemurder.Yetinthepastdecade Nordiccrimewritershaveunleashedawaveofdetective fictionthatisfightuptherewiththeworkofDashiellHammett,PatriciaHighsmith,ElmoreLeonardandtheothercrimegreats.Nordiccrimetodayisapublishingphenomenon.StiegLarsson'SMillenniumtrilogyalonehassold27mcopies,itspublishers'latestfiguresshow,inover40COUrttries.ThereleasethismortthinBritainandAmerica Of"TheGirlwiththeDragonTattoo".thefilmofthefirstLarssonbook,willonlyboostsales.Thetransfertothescreenofhissprawlingepic(theauthordiedsuddenlyin2004justasthetrilogywasbeingeditedandtranslated)willcementtheNordics'renown.Themoreunrulysubplotshavebeeneliminated,leavingthehero, amiddle—agedfinancialjournalistnamedMikaelBlomkvist(MichaelNyqvist),andanemotionallydamagedcomputerhacker,LisbetbSalanderfNoomiRapace),atthecentreofeveryscene.The*smallscreentoohashadarecentvisit fromtheSwedishpolice.Startingin2008,Britishtelevision viewershavebeentreatedtoexpensiveadaptationsofthe booksofHenningMankell,featuringKennethBranaghasKurtWallander.TheBBCserieshasreawakenedinterestinMrMankell'SnineWallanderbooks.whichmakeupa 1.NorseEnd's~古代斯堪的纳维亚的;古代斯堪的纳维亚人的;古斯堪的纳维亚语的2.Nordici-,no:dtk]斯堪的纳维亚的;北欧国家的对犯罪小说而言,奥斯陆整洁的街道并不是它的理想背景.瑞典南端奶牛成群,充满乡土气息的平坦农田也不是.冰岛首都雷克雅未克如今更容易让人联想到金融失策而不是恐怖的谋杀案.但是,过去l0年间,北欧犯罪小说作家却掀起了一股侦探小说创作浪潮,涌现出达希尔?哈米特,帕特里亚?海史密斯,埃尔莫?雷纳德及其他侦探小说名家的作品.现在,北欧犯罪小说已成为出版业的一大奇观.出版商的最新数字显示,仅斯蒂格?拉森的《千禧年》三部曲就在40多个国家售出2700万册.改编自拉森第一部作品的影片《龙文身的女孩》于本月在英国和美国上映,更会使原作的销售有增无减.拉森于2004年猝然去世,当时他的《千禧年》三部曲正处于编辑和翻译阶段.将这部内容庞杂的史诗巨着搬上银幕,会令北欧小说更具盛名.电影删去了较难把握的次要情节,处处以中年男主人公——金融记者米克尔?布隆维斯特(迈克尔?恩奎斯特饰)和感情受到伤害的电脑黑客利思贝丝?萨兰德(劳米?拉佩斯饰)为主导.最近,瑞典警察还走入电视.自2008年起,英国的电视观众开始欣赏到巨资改编的亨宁?曼凯尔作品,肯尼斯?布拉纳饰演库尔特?瓦兰德.这部英国广播公司的系列剧再次激发了人们对曼凯尔9部瓦兰德小说的兴趣.曼凯尔的作品已被翻译成40种语3.gruesomeI-'gru:som]可怕的,恐怖的;令人厌恶的4.unruly[1An?ru:lO难驾驭的,不驯f服的;不受管理的;难控制的5.smallscreen<主英>电视(与电影相比而言)20106英语l1叉摘45文化在线?点击largesliceofhisworldwidesalesof30min40languages. LarssonandMrMankellarethebest.knownNordic crimewritersoutsidetheregion.Butseveralothersarealsobeginningtogainrecognitionabroad,includingK.O.Dahl andKarinFossumfromNorwayandAkeEdwardsonand HakanNesserofSweden.Iceland,aNordiccountrythatis notstrictlypartofScandinavia,boastsanawardwinnertoo. ArnaldurIndridason's"SilenceoftheGrave"wontheBritish CrimeWriters'AssociationGoldDaggerawardin2005."TheDevil'sStar"byaNorwegian,JoNesbo,ispublishedin Americathismonthatthesametimeasamorerecentnovel, "TheSnowman".iscomingoutinBritain.Apreviouswork. "NemesiswasnominatedfortheprestigiousEdgarAllan Poecrime—writingaward,aprizegenerallydominatedby Americanauthors.ThreefactorsunderpinthesuccessofNordiccrimefiction:language,heroesandsetting.NiclasSalomonsson,aliteraryagent whorepresentsalmostallthe*up andcoming0Scandinaviancrime writers.reckonsitisthestyleof thebooks,"realistic,simpleand precise...andstrippedofun一言,在全世界销量达3000万册,其中瓦兰德系列小说占有相当大的比重.拉森和曼凯尔是在外界最知名的北欧犯罪小说作家,但其他几位小说家也开始在海外得到认可,其中包括挪威的K.O.达尔和卡琳?佛森以及瑞典的阿克?爱德华松和霍坎-内森.冰岛,这个严格意义上并不属于斯堪的纳维亚地区的北欧国家,也拥有了一位获奖作家,即阿纳尔德?因德里达森.他的《沉默的墓园》于2005年荣获英国犯罪小说作家协会"金匕首奖".挪威作家乔?尼斯伯的《魔鬼之星》本月在美国出版,与此同时,尼斯伯的一部新作《雪人》在英国出版.乔?尼斯伯的旧作《复仇女神》曾获"埃德加?爱伦?坡奖"提名,这一着名的犯l一豳一?I;I.盘-Il{i 曩—r:遴澄l褂;i鹱戳潋濯圣龋燮疆鞫Iil萋曜l螽矬l翻;辩;j壤壤l准{i爨l 蠲豳陲醐隧目誓StiegLarsson'sMillenniumtrilogynecessarywords".thathasalottodowithit.Theplain.directwriting,devoidofmetaphor,suitsthegenrewel1.TheNordicdetectiveisoftencarewornl0andrumpled".MrMankell'sWallanderisgloomy,~oubledandambivalentabouthisfather.MrIndridason'sInspectorErlendurlives aloneafterafailedmarriage,hauntedbythedeathofhis youngerbrothermanyyears survived.MrNesbo'sleadingbeforeinablizzardthatheman.InspectorHarryHOle—oftenhorriblydrunk—isdefiantofhissuperiorsyetloyalto hisfavouredcolleagues.Mostimportantisthesetting.Thecountriesthatthe Nordicwriterscallhomeareprosperousandorganised,a "softsociety"accordingtoMrNesbo.Buttheprotection ofieredbyacradle..to..gravewelfaresystemhidesadarkunderside.AsMaryEvanspointsoutinherrecentstudy, "TheImaginationofEvil".thebestScandinavianfictionminestheseaml0thatconnectstheinsiders—therichandpowerful--andtheoutsiders,representedbythepoor,the rssonisamasteratdepicting therelationshipbetweenbusiness,socialhypocrisy.and criminalbehaviour.andhisheroesdonotwanttobe 46EnglishDigestdun2010 罪小说创作奖通常都为美国作家所把持.jE欧犯罪小说的成功源于三个因素:语言,主人公及背景.为近乎所有新兴犯罪小说作家担任对外事务代理人的尼克拉斯?萨洛蒙松认为,作品"现实,平白,严谨……无一丝多余辞藻"的风格是这些犯罪小说获得成功的重要原因.平铺直叙,不使用隐喻的笔法非常适合这类体裁的要求. 北欧侦探往往忧心忡忡,不修边幅.曼凯尔笔下的瓦兰德忧郁而苦闷,对父亲怀有矛盾的感情.因德里达森笔下的埃伦迪尔探长经历了一次失败的婚姻之后便过着独居的生活,多年前弟弟在一场暴风雪中死去,而他则幸存下来,但这一阴影却一直笼罩在他心头.尼斯伯的男主人公哈利?霍勒探长则常常喝得酩酊大醉,对上司桀骜不驯,对自己喜欢的同事却非常忠诚.最重要的是小说的背景.被北欧作家称之为故乡的这些国家都繁荣兴盛且秩序井然,是尼斯伯所谓的"软社会".但是"从摇篮到坟墓" 的福利制度提供的保障掩盖了黑暗的一面.正如玛丽?埃文思在最近的研究《罪恶之幻想》中指出,最优秀的斯堪的纳维亚小说挖掘了局内人与局外人之间的交结点,前者为富人和权势阶层,后者为穷人,受剥削者和弱势群体.拉森是刻画商业,社会伪善与犯罪行为之间关系的大师,他笔下的主人公不愿通过任何常规rescuedthroughanyformofconventionalstateintervention. AnalysingScandinaviaanditspsycheisnothingnew;HenrikIbsendiditoveracenturyago.ButthegreatestinfluenceontheserisingwritershasbeenPerWahloo andMajSjowall,aSwedishcouple. JournalistsandcommittedMarxists,they coauthoredtheten.volumeMartinBeck esbetween1965and1975withthe aimofcriticisingthecountry'Swelfarestate.Thecentralcharacterisalikeable anddedicatedpolicemanwithadry senseofhumour.Butthebooks,which closelystudypoliceprocedure,featurean ensemble坫ofhiscolleagues.allSwedishMoviePosterforGirlWithTheDragonTattoo文化在线?点击的政府干预手段得到救助.分析斯堪的纳维亚及其心理并无新意,亨利克?易卜生早在一个多世纪前就这样做了,但对这些新兴作家影响最大的则是瑞典夫妇佩尔?瓦勒和玛伊?舍瓦尔.作为记者和坚定的马克思主义者,他们在1965年至1975年间合着了十卷本的《马丁?贝克探案系列》,旨在对国家的福利制度进行批判.《马丁?贝克探案系列》的主人公是一位为人和善而又敬业的警察,具有不露声色的幽默感.小说近距离描写了警察的办案过程,对主人公的同事作了群像believablecharactersdrawnwiththelightestoftouches.By式刻画,虽惜墨如金,人物却个个真实可信.在时turnentertainingandfunnyexaminationsoftheday—to.day而展现警察日常工作的滑稽有趣之外,作品同时workofpolicemen.theyarealsogrippingandcomplex也是引人人胜,错综复杂的惊险小说.thrillers.犯罪小说的上乘品质及其风行程度之高为Thequalityandpopularityofcrimefictionhasgiven北欧小说家们赢得了他国作家无法企及的声望,Nordicnovelistsaprestigethatauthorsfromother从而吸引了新的作家.下一部可能引起轰动的作countriesdonotenjoy.This.intum,hasdrawninnew品当属雷夫?G.W.皮尔松的《福利国家的衰落》,writers.Thenextpotentialblockbustercouldwel1beLeif尽管这本书的英文首版打算使用一个更具吸引G.W.Persson'S"FalloftheWelfareState"一thougha力的标题.该书于2002年在瑞典首次出版,作者moreenticingtitleiSplannedforitsEnglish.1anguage是一位犯罪学教授,曾参与瑞典多起受到高度关debut.FirstpublishedinSwedenin2002.itiSwrittenbya注的罪案分析.《福利国家的衰落》气势恢宏,跨professorofcriminologywhohasbeeninvolvedinmany越了瑞典几十年的历史,堪称,部史诗.ofSweden'Shigh.profilecrimecasesandiSanepicand寒冷阴沉的天气,紧闭的房门,密掩的窗帘,ambitioustalespanningsevera1decadesofSwedishhistory.这些都为犯罪小说的写作提供了完美的背景.长Thecold,darkclimate.wheredoorsareboltedand夜漫漫,美酒醇香浓烈,而这里的人则像尼斯伯curtainsdrawn,providesaperfectsettingforcrimewriting.所说的那样,"从小就被灌输要隐藏起自己的情Thenightsarelong,theliquorhard,thepeople,according感"并保守自己的秘密.尼斯伯半开玩笑地警告toMrNesbo."broughtuptohidetheirfeelings"andholdon说,如果你在黄昏时分开车穿过挪威,看到一家totheirsecrets.IfyouaredrivingthroughNorwayatdusk"农舍灯火通明,房门大开,千万不要停车,因为等andseeafarmhousewithitslightsonanditsdoorsopen.待你的既可能是热情的款待,也可能是一个犯罪donotstop,hewarns,onlyhalfjokingly.Youareaslikely现场.tobegreetedbyacrimesceneasawarlnwelcome.一(彭平译注自TheEconomistMar11,2010)6.Nemesis['nemlsls~n.【希腊】报应女神,复仇女神7.1iteraryagent作者对外事务代理人(替作者与出版商联系出版,销售,翻译等事宜,从中收取佣金),作家的经纪人,文稿代理人8.upandcoming有前途的;前程似锦的9.devoid[dl'v31d]【一般作表语】毫无的,没有的(10,carewornL'ke~w3:n]忧心忡忡的11.rumpleL'rAmp1]vt.弄皱;使凌乱12.seamEsi:m]n.接缝;焊缝;裂缝13.hypocrisyEh,,pDkr~s1]n.伪善(行为);虚假的虔诚14.dryEdra1]机敏的;不形于色的;不露声色的15.ensembleLDD'sDrjb1]n.全体,整体;总效果16.criminology[,krlml'nDl~d31]n.犯罪学17.dusk[dAsk]n.薄暮,黄昏;幽暗2010.6英语,艾摘47。
儒勒;凡尔纳儒勒·凡尔纳作品《气球上的五星期》Five Weeks in a Balloon (Cinq Semaines en ballon)《地心游记》,又名《地底旅行》A Journey to the Center of the Earth (Voyage au centre de la Terre)《从地球到月球》,又名《月界旅行》。
From the Earth to the Moon (De la terre à la lune)《格兰特船长的儿女》In Search of the Castaways or Captain Grant's Children (Les Enfants du capitaine Grant)《海底两万里》Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Vingt mille lieues sous les mers)《环绕月球》Around The Moon (Autour de la lune, a sequel to From the Earth to the Moon)《八十日环游世界》Around the World in Eighty Days (Le Tour du Monde en quatre-vingts jours)《神秘岛》The Mysterious Island (L'三部曲《格兰特船长的儿女》The Children of Captain Grant)《海底两万里》20,000 lieues sous les mers《神秘岛》The Mysterious Island探月两部曲《从地球到月球》From the Earth to the Moon探险《八十日环游世界》Around the World in 80 Days《地心游记》Voyage au centre de la terre (Journey to the Center of the Earth)自20世纪以来,凡尔纳的多部作品曾不止一次地被搬上过大屏幕,比如《格兰特船长的儿女》(1936年,由前苏联拍摄),《海底两万里》(1954年电影,1997年电视重拍),《地心游记》(1959年),《环游世界八十天》(2004年)。
Adventure Fiction WritersI. The EnlightenmentII. Neo-ClassicismIII. Daniel Defoe & Jonathan SwiftIV. Minor NovelistsV. SentimentalismI. The Enlightenment1. Historical background:England entered a period of peaceful development after the Glorio us Revolution in 1688. In the 18th century, England saw the coming of the Industrial Revolution. And the Enclosure Movement was completed in this century.2. DefinitionThe Enlightenment was an intellectual movement which developed in western Europe during the seventeenth century and reached its height in the 18th century. In the movement, Reason was advocated as the primary source and basis of authority.It is, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudice and other survivals of feudalism.Therefore the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.II. Neo-classicism☐In art and literature, what considered with the Age of Reason was a period called neo-classicism.☐The neo-classicists modeled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. They emphasized reason rather than emotion, form rather than conte nt. They preferred harmony, proportion, balance, restraint and elegance in their writings. Representative Writers☐Poets:Alexander Pope (1688-1744)Samuel Johnson (1709 –1784)☐Essayists:Richard Steele (1672-1729)Joseph Addison (1672-1719)Novelists:Daniel DefoeJonathan SwiftT. SmollettHenry FieldingAlexander PopeAlexander Pope is an English essayist, critic, satirist, and one of the greatest poets of Enlightenment. Because of his physical defect and Roman Catholic background, Alexander Pope had to study by himself. He studied very hard and wrote his first verses at the age of 12. When he was about 23 years old, he was looked as a great master of verse in England and Europe with the publication of his poem Essays on Criticism.His works:—Essays on Criticism—The Rape of the Lock— Essays on ManComments on Pope•He has been called the spokesman in verse of the Age of Reason.•The most important poet in the first half of the 18th century, Pope is a great master of heroic couplet.•He was the first important writer in English history who earned a living by writing.•Many lines of his poems have become proverbial maxims. People often quote Pope without knowing his work.Quotes by Pope• A little learning is a dangerous thing•To err is human, to forgive divine.•Wit is the lowest form of humor.•For fools rush in where angels fear to tread.•Fools admire, but men of sense approve.•Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul.Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (1709 –1784) was an English author. Beginning as a Grub Street journalist, he made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, novelist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and political conservative, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history".He is also the subject of "the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature": James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson. He was leading figure of the neoclassicism after Pope.Samuel Johnson and James BoswellRichard Steele & Joseph Addison The names of Steele and Addison are linked together by the ties of a life-long friendship and the partnership in literary career. In 1709, Steele started a newspaper The Tatler, and he ran another paper The Spectator during 1711-1712 in conjunction with Addison.Steele's and Addison's Contribution•Their writing afford a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.•They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.•In the hands of Addison and Steele, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.III. Daniel Defoe & Jonathan Swift The 18th-century England has seen the emergence of a new genre—novel. And the pioneers of the British novel are:Daniel Defoe & Jonathan SwiftDaniel Defoe•I. Life•II. Works•III. Significance•IV. Robinson CrusoeI. Life StoryFive Facts about Defoe☐Defoe was a jack-at-all-trades, who developed his interests largely with the working classes.☐He was a radical Non-conformist in religion, and was intended by his father for the independent ministry.☐Defoe was a journalist and pamphleteer. Be good at making ―good story‖☐Defoe knew prison life.☐At the age of nearly 60, he turned to fiction and wrote the great work by which he is best remembered. Robinson Crusoe earned him good reputation and fortune as well. Daniel Defoe in the Pillory London 1702 for Publishing a Seditious PamphletI I.W o r k s⏹T h e L i f e a n d S t r a n g e S u r p r i s i n g A d v e n t u r e s o f R o b i n s o n C r u s o e,1719—D e f o e i s m a i n l y r e m e m b e r e d a s t h e a u t h o r o f R o b i n s o n C r u s o e,w h i c h s o m e t i m e s r e g a r d e d a s t h ef i r s t n o v e l i n E ng l i s h.⏹C a p t a i n S i n g l e t o n,1720⏹M o l l F l a n d e r s,1722—A n o v e l t h a t d r a w s o n h i s o w n e x p e r i e n c e i n N e w g a t e p r i s o n.⏹A J o u r n a l o f t h e P l a g u e Y e a r,1722⏹R o x a n a,1724D e f o e’s R o b i n s o n C r u s o e⏹1719:F i r s t v o l u m e o f R o b i n s o n C r u s o e.A h i t w i t h l o w e r a n d m i d d l ec l a s s e s.⏹B a s e d o n t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f A l e x a n d e r S e l k i r k.III. SignificanceDaniel Defoe has been called by some critics (led by James Joyce) "the father of the English novel."Henry Fielding (a novelist to be discussed later) was also regarded as "the father of the English novel" by some critics (led by Walter Scott).IV. Robinson CrusoePlotCharacterArtistic FeaturesAppreciationPlotThe book is a fictional autobiography of the title character, an English castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island near Venezuela, encountering natives, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. This device, presenting an account of supposedly factual events, is known as a "false document" and gives a realistic frame story.CharacterizationRobinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stage of its development.Robinson Crusoe: Self-independent; perseverant; inspiring and innovating, adventurous, colonial mind; practicalArtistic FeaturesDefoe had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and fascinating.His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration.His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best.His novels enjoyed great popularity among the middle class.Lead-in QuestionsApproaches to Read NovelsThe Major Points in Robinson CrusoeFootprintThe Symbolic meaning of the footprintCrusoe Saves Friday from the CannibalsJonathan Swift•I. Life Story•II. Works•III. Style•IV. Significance•V. Gulliver’s Travel sSwift’s ResumeGiven name: JonathanFamily name: SwiftBirth date: 30 November 1667Death date: 19 October 1745Nationality: IrishFamily relationsfather: Jonathan Swiftmother: Abigail Swiftsister: Jane Fentongrandfather: Thomas SwiftLanguagesEnglishFrenchLatinGreekEducationGrammar school at KilkennyTrinity College, Dublin (B.A.): 24 April 1682 to February 1686Hart Hall, Oxford (B.A.) to June 1692Hart Hall, Oxford (M.A.) to 5 July 1692Dublin (D.D.) to February 1701Religion: AnglicanPolitics: WhigPatron: HarleyLiterary period: AugustanOccupationsDeanHistoriographer to the QueenResidencesDublinLaracorMoor ParkUpper Letcombe, BerkshireWhitehaven, Cumberland17 Hoey's Court, Dublin: 30 November 1667IllnessesParalysisLabyrinthine vertigoAphasiaBuried at: Cathedral of St. PatrickFirst RPO edition: 1997I. Life StoryJonathan Swift (November 30, 1667–October 19, 1745) was an Anglo-Irish cleric, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for Tories), and poet.Jonathan Swift was born on 30 November 1667 in Dublin, IrelandSwift arrived seven months after his father's untimely death.In 1682 he attended Dublin University (Trinity College, Dublin), receiving his B.A. in 1686.He left for England in 1688, where his mother helped him get a position as secretary and personal assistant of Sir William Temple at Moor Park, Farnham.After his leaving the political circle, he went back to Ireland and became the Dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, D ublin. There he struggled for Irish people's rights.In 1742, he became insane and died three years later.II. WorksA Tale of a TubThe Battle of BooksThe Drapier's LetterA Modest Proposal: This is a satirical pamphlet written and published by Jonathan Swift in 1729. Swift suggestsin his essay that the Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling children born into poverty as food for rich gentlemen and ladies. The modern phrase ―a modest proposal‖ derives from the work.Gulliver's TravelsIII. StyleOne of the greatest masters of English prose;simple, clear, vigorous language;simple, direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly(非常有效的) irony;powerful satire.Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of a style:IV. SignificanceHe is the foremost satirist in the English language and one of the satiric masters of all time.V. Gulliver’s TravelsPlot SummaryLemuel Gulliver, an educated and trained surgeon, speaks to the reader and explains that he will retell of his experiences at sea.But his voyages are always full of various accidents, and he has been brought to many strange places by chance, namely, Lilliput, Brobdingnag, the floating island of Laputa and Houyhnhnms.After four years with the Houyhnhnms, Gulliver returns to England. Gulliver has since picked up the gait of a horse and finds all humans detestable beings, especially his family. His time at Houyhnhnm altered his perspective of society forever, leaving him unhappy in Europe. He eventually re-accustoms himself to life in England, but buys two horses to keep as companions. He speaks with them for four hours every day from then on, and writes of his experiences and explorations around the world.A Chinese novel, Flowers in the Mirror (Jing Hua Yuan) written by Li Ruzhen (李汝珍, ca. 1763-ca. 1830)in Qing Dynasty, has a similar plot structure with Gulliver’s Travels.Flowers in the MirrorThis novel tells the story of a Daoist fairy named Fairy of the Hundred Flowers that has fallen from grace and tries to gain back her immortality. Li Ruzhen, himself failing to attain a higher examination degree, uses allegories to describe the caption of a human being between appearance and reality, the temporal and the eternal. This background gives the whole novel a touch of fantasy, fleeing from reality like the banished fairy that travels to strange countries. Coming back to China, she encounters the Tang empress Wu Zetian and passes examination to be reunited with her earthly father. The describing of a woman's dynasty makes this very personal novel looking like an attack on the social conditions in traditional China, like a kind of feminist pamphlet. But looking more exactly at the end of the story, the fantasy of a woman realm has to cede to the reinstalling of the Confucian tradition. Braking out of his own society, the worldly unsuccessful author has to come back to reality.IV. Minor Novelists▪Samuel Richardson▪Henry Fielding▪Tobias SmollettSamuel Richardson (1689-1761)▪He received little education, but he developed a passion for letter-writing very early. At the age of thirteen, he used to be called on to write love-letters for young women. He did not began writing until he was over fifty, but his first novel, Pamela, was a great success.▪Main Works:Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded (1740),Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady (1748)▪His type of novel is called the epistolary novel, that is, stories told in a series of letters.Henry Fielding (1707-1754)▪He was born in a noble family and educated in Eton. During his early years, he practised writing plays and gain some success. Later, he was forced to turn his literary interest to novel-writing, and became a great novelist at last.▪Main Works:The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend, Mr. Abraham Abrams, 1742The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 1749▪He was called by Sir Walter Scott the ―father of the English novel‖▪He was the founder of English realistic novel.▪He established the form of modern novel.Tobias Smollett (1721-1771)▪He was a Scottish author. In most of his life, he struggled with poverty, and kept on traveling.▪Main Works:The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748)The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1753).▪Smollett used the form of the picaresque novel, that is, the novel of the travels and adventures of a roguish hero of low social class who lives by his or her wits in a corrupt societySentimentalismDefinitionSentimentalism gradually made its appearance by the middle of the 18th century. Sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality. The sentimentalists continued to struggle against feudalism, but they sensed at the same time the contradictions in the process of capitalist development. Dissatisfied with reason, they appealed to sentiment. They returned to the countryside for its material.Representative Writers•Poets:Thomas Gray•Playwrights:Richard SheridanOliver Goldsmith•Novelists:Lawrence SterneThomas Gray (1716-1771)Born: 26-Dec-1716Birthplace: London, EnglandDied: 30-Jul-1771Location of death: Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, EnglandCause of death: unspecifiedRemains: Buried, Stoke Poges, BuckinghamshireGender: MaleReligion: DeistRace or Ethnicity: WhiteSexual orientation: GayOccupation: PoetNationality: EnglandExecutive summary:An Elegy Written in a Country Church YardRichard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)•Richard Brinsley Sheridan was an Irish playwright and Whig statesman. He was born in Dublin.When Sheridan settled in London, he began writing for the stage.•Main Works:The Rivals (first acted 17 January 1775)The School for Scandal (first acted 8 May 1777)•He is the most important English playwright in the 18th century. He links the English dramatic tradition from Shakespeare and Shaw.Oliver Goldsmith (1730-1774)•Goldsmith was an Irish writer and physician. Studied medicine at Edinburgh and Leiden, but his career as a physician was quite unsuccessful. In 1756 he settled in London, where he achieved some success as a miscellaneous contributor to periodicals.He died in debt and poverty.•His literary reputation rests on his two comedies, The Good-Natu’rd Man(1768) and She Stoops to Conquer(1773), his only novel, The Vicar of Wakefield(1766), and his long poem The Deserted Village.•Goldsmith’s comedies are examples of the brief revival of the English comedy in the 1770s.Lawrence Sterne (1713–1768)•Laurence Sterne was an Irish-born English novelist and an Anglican clergyman. He is best known for his novels The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, but he also published many sermons, wrote memoirs, and was involved in local politics. Sterne died in London after years of fighting consumption. •The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy is his masterpiece, which has been called a work of genius and pioneer of modernist writings.。