Finding Chemical Information

漳州市2024-2025学年上学期十校联盟高一期中质量检测英语学科试卷本试卷共12页，满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take a holiday.B. Have a blood test.C. Work harder.2. What will the speakers do tonight?A. Make a pizza.B. Eat out with Michael.C. Order takeouts.3. What does the man think of the maths course?A. Difficult.B. Boring.C. Easy.4. Where did the woman learn to cook?A. From a cooking class.B. From her father.C. From a book.5. How long does a flight to Madrid take from the woman’s city?A. About 2.5 hours.B. About 4.5 hours.C. About 7 hours.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

第六篇Making Light of SleepAll we have a ……1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseit controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep.it has a cycle of 24 hours.it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late. staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud. it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?Our biological clock resets itself automatically.light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.Our internal clock，like the alarm clock，can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system? The human eye had two light-sensing systems.The human eye had one light-sensing system.The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.第十九篇Graphene's SuperstrengthBig technology comes in ……1.What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?Big technology. Creative ways.Graphene.Both A and B.2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?It can be used to make paper.It is possible to see it with our naked eye.It is easy to find graphene.It is possibly the thickest material in the world.3.Which of the following can be used to replace the word “apply”in paragraph 4?request. polish. use. put.4.Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?Graphene is made of graphite，one of the softest materials in the world.Graphite is made of layers of graphene，the thinnest material in the world.When we get to the thinnest possible layer of graphite，we find graphene.With a pencil，a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape，we can find graphene.5. Graphene's superstrength lies in the fact thatIt is the thinnest material in the world.It is made of the most abundant elements in the world.It can help to make electronic components smaller.It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic products. *第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan Scientists say they have ……1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.They have found methane-based life on Saturn.They have found methane-based life on Titan.They have found earthlike life on a Saturn's moon.2. What do scientists say about Titan?There are life clues there. There is acetylene there.Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.Rivers and lakes there contain life formals.3. To date, scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does "this form of life" refer to?Water-based life. Methane-based life.Liquid-water-based microorganisms. Gas-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable. Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage? Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.Titan, a New Satellite Found.A different Life Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study……1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.Female teachers' math skills have influence over girl students' math skills.Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.3. According to the experiment, those teachers were probablyanxious about math when they feltnervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsprove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students.provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.discover a strong link between teachers' math anxiety and their students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatthe study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful. the study is well based and produces significant results.+第四＋五篇Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA ……1 .What is so special about WISE?It is small in size but carries a large camera.It is as small as a trashcan.Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?make shoot take photograph.3. The camera on WISEis no different from an ordinary camera.does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.reflects light that human eyes can see.4. Which of the following is NOT correct about "asteroids" according to paragraph 7?Asteroids float through space giving off visible light. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids5.What is implied in the last paragraph?Brown dwarfs give off visible light.Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope. +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University……1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?Because they build their own nests.Because they collect food.Because their activity affects the environment.Because they are predators. 2. As predators, antsprey on small as well as large animals.collect nutritious food from the soilcollect food as decomposers.prey on species much higher up the food chain.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antscan manage to thrive in huge numbers.defend their resources and territory against other predators. attack those invading animals for survival.produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil……1．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked" appearing in paragraph 2?flashed stimulated changed ended2．The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willtake the shape of a flat curve．B keep growing．keep declining.start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U．S．in l 970．It has been used to predict oil production in many countries．It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries．It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production. 4．What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries.It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model.It discovers a new trend of Worldwide oil production.5. Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model? American scientists.Kuwaiti scientists．British scientists.Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries.What do chicken pox……1．According to the first paragraph，people try tokill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etc．keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible．stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.cure themselves of virus—related diseases by taking medicines．2 What is Belcher's team doing at present?It is finding ways to get rid of viruses．It is mass—producing microbatteries．It is making batteries with viruses．It is analyzing virus genes．3 What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5？Broaden Spread Extend Expand4. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？It is made of metalIt is a kind of watch battery．It can only be seen with a microscopeIt is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．5. How tiny is one battery part?Its width is one tenth of a hairIt equals the width of a hairIt is as thin as a piece of paperIts width is too tiny to measureInvisibility cloaks would have remained……1．What is true for metamaterials?They will always remain in science fictionThey are already a realityThey are nonexistent in natureScientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks2．A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens as it can allow scientists to see small thingsas it can help photographers to capture images far awayeven if it is made of ordinary materialsas it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light3．Scientists at the Polytechnic University of Valencia try to inventan acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of lightan invisible cloak that can shuffle waves of soundan acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sounda cloak that is made of materials found in nature 4．According to Sdnchez—Dehesa,it is of great possibility to build an acoustic cloak soon．it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far from reality．it is totally impossible to build an acoustic cloak.it is theoretically impractical to build an acoustic cloak 5．What ways are some scientists looking into to protect the island and oil；rig from tsunamis? (Read the last paragraph Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields Stopping the tsunami with metamaterials hours before it reaches themBuilding them with larger metamaterials to keep away tsunamis Using the equipment made of metamaterials to forecast arrival of a tsunamiThe Ford motor company's1 abandonment ……They have given up producing electric cars.will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future. Toyota and Nissan.run more miles than petrol driven cars.The legislation will allow more low-emission lo be produced. Understanding how nature responds to climate …….to collect data of the life cycle of living things.To send their research observations to a professional database.a citizen scientist.Only experts can participate in it.To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur ………They focus their research on safety and new fuels.because drivers make mistakes.Windscreens mat can help drivers to improve their vision.To call for help when me car gets jammed in the traffic.It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick "pick-me-up" …coffee is a stimulant.Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.we should not drink coffee after supper.Using enzymes commonly found in living cells,……When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.It will take some time before die new fuel cells can be used in popular products.Some 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's……..Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view. He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds. Conducting research in various fields.Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were……Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation. Change of climate.The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.immediately after a period of drought."damaging".Young female chimps are faster and better learners……Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.Vegetation.Females could get out more termites with every dip.It will make them good fighters and hunters in the future. Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.Companies are paying up to SI0,000 to register domain……the company Network Solutions.the US government.a registrar.It must pay up to $10,000 or a nonrefundable deposit.The registration fee for a domain name on the Internet.In January, 2003, the eastern two-thirds of the United…….The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark.Parts of interior South Florida.he was caught by the sudden cold.' wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit lo market as possible.Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers.Scientists can't yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the ……try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it.disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top. die cloaking device works only for microwaves.A concept car developed by Japanese company ……It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt,It monitors the driver's eyes to see if he needs a rest.Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.The car will automatically keep to its lane.Learning how to fly took nature millions of years…….The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped its wings.It twitched but gradually gained height.The winged robot could never really fly.A movement detector.All the above.In what resembles a journey to the center……erupted in 1991.predicting volcano eruptions.Because Japan has many living volcanoabout half way up the mountain.drill a hole into the core of a volcano.Even with the best will1 in the world, reducing….despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.think the problem has been solved.Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.To apply sunscreen to the Earth.It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent ……Oil supply is decreasing.Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil. The United States.There will soon be an energy crisis.The sea level will go up.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the…….a decrease in death rates.infants could be left dead in times of starvation.Many of them have a very hard life.the need to take care of a sick and weak person.Critical.Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet….A submersible.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.the ocean. Shape.Both A and B.Scientists have been studying natural sources of ……..It was produced in oxygen-free environments.an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.Microbes in plants produce methane.Less methane reaches the atmosphere.You've probably heard that no two snowflakes are……No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape.They are six-sided.Humidity and temperature.admires the beauty of the snowflakes.create snowflakes that are exactly alike.The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up ……Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.the Netherlands is a small country with a large population. Both A and C.Coal burning deep underground in China, India and ……poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns.Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands. ',Cutting off the oxygen supply.A meager diet may give you health and long life, …….We have to begin dieting since childhood.To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.The mice that started dieting in old age.dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life. Male pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in….. Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash,They studied the findings of several previous research projects. Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling.male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making. Joe Coyne slides into the driver's seat, starts up the car ……Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.All of the above.In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route directions.To sleep. Perchance to file"? Findings published …….. Docs brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.To control glucose levels.Experiments under way in several labs aim to create …….. GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans.It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side.They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment. The United States has not banned GM foods.We cannot tell from the passage.In the digital realm, the next big advance will …….are in its initial stage of development.machines can be our agents as they understand our thoughts.It motivates the development of the digital world.All of the above.In a personalized market, products are tailored toeachconsumer.A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical ……A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.The tropical waters are warm and calm.To supply the motive force or power and cause to function. Low pressureThe humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression.A team of researchers in California has developed a ……Neurons in the brain.f MRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently."marking the parts of the brain that arc processing information" Two volunteers.Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.The withdrawal of Nevada's…Canceling.should be approved by local people and states.The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities. Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.Using die power of the sun is nothing new. ……Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.. Because they want green plants lo become a new source of energy.When there is no oxygen in the air.It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.They are cheap to eat.6. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide and water into sugars and starches?Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.A device that provides early warning of a landslide ……Landslides.All of the above.Because the common methods can cause false alarms.It is filled in with gravel.Evidences.In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, ……. who drink alcohol outside of meals.It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3 drinks.Laryngeal cancer.reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.Factory fanning could soon enter a new era of mass ….. Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.The US's National Institute of Science and Technology. chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed. Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.Scientists watched closely last spring as a haze of …..of desert dust and hydrocarbons.heir ability to reflect light is much stronger.She collected samples of pollutants on the Northwest coast for further tests.The two research teams whose Findings Price correlates hers with are based in Asia.Pollutants coming from Europe are not the main source of pollution in North America.Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday……..Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.cut C02 emissions.3，500 billion by a growing number of scientists.He thinks that IPCC's estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.Today petroleum provides around 40% of the world's …..A and B.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world. Norway.All of the above.are renewable so sustainable.There are several different methods that can be used …….. Imagination of the forecaster.if weather conditions do not change much.the weather features need to be constant for a long period of lime.Both climatology method and analog method.when the current weather scenario differs from the analog. Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as ……. School boards oppose AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.Darwin's theory is denied as the central theory of biology. more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics.Because the term creationism is too direct.Invisibility cloaks' would have remained ……They are nonexistent in nature.as it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far fromreality.Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields.A male zebra finch1 chirps away to himself. Suddently……Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches' presence.Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.Songs sung by male finches for female finches.Male zebra finches sing to themselves.Birdsongs as communication.Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are ….. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "Both B and C.Not yet.They are two genetically distant species.identified only one mosquito species instead of six species. NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by ……. Water in a soil sample.The samples got stuck inside the scoop.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.They are from both America and Canada.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways ….. both A and C.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use.It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then .The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million. 2012理工完形填空第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of money : yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over100 years. At the turn of the 20th century, some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different countriesVriesekoop is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, because those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria----no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton .Different countries may use different materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his team such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three currencies with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our hands after touching it; after all, you never know where your money’s been. Or what's living on it第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries， but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me personally, food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them. Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then , some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．Finally, the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us." says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others." In their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food. This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.。

化学计量原理英文Chemical StoichiometryChemical stoichiometry is a fundamental concept in chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It is the study of the numerical relationships between the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. This concept is essential in understanding and predicting the outcomes of chemical processes, as well as in the design and optimization of chemical reactions.The term "stoichiometry" is derived from the Greek words "stoicheion," meaning "element," and "metron," meaning "measure." Stoichiometry provides a mathematical framework for determining the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction based on their balanced chemical equation. This information is crucial in various fields, such as chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science, where the precise control and understanding of chemical processes is of paramount importance.At the heart of chemical stoichiometry lies the law of conservation of mass, which states that the total mass of the reactants is equal to thetotal mass of the products in a closed system. This principle allows for the quantitative prediction of the amounts of products that can be obtained from a given amount of reactants, or the amounts of reactants required to produce a desired quantity of products.The application of stoichiometric principles involves several key concepts, including mole, molar mass, and the balanced chemical equation. The mole is the fundamental unit of amount of substance in the International System of Units (SI), and it represents a specific number of particles, such as atoms, molecules, or ions. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, and it is used to convert between the amount of a substance and its mass.The balanced chemical equation is the foundation of stoichiometric calculations. It represents the reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction, along with their relative quantities. By using the coefficients in the balanced equation, stoichiometric relationships can be established, allowing for the determination of the amounts of reactants and products involved in the reaction.Stoichiometric calculations can be used to solve a variety of problems, such as determining the theoretical yield of a reaction, calculating the limiting reactant, and finding the amount of a specific product that can be obtained from a given amount of reactants. These calculations are essential in various applications, including theproduction of chemicals, the development of new materials, and the analysis of chemical processes in industries, research laboratories, and academic settings.The concept of chemical stoichiometry also has important implications in the context of chemical reactions and their equilibria. The principles of stoichiometry can be used to understand the factors that influence the position of equilibrium, such as the concentrations of the reactants and products, and the extent to which a reaction proceeds.In addition to its practical applications, chemical stoichiometry also serves as a foundation for more advanced topics in chemistry, such as thermodynamics, kinetics, and analytical chemistry. Understanding the quantitative relationships between reactants and products is essential for the accurate prediction and interpretation of various chemical phenomena.In conclusion, chemical stoichiometry is a crucial concept in chemistry that allows for the quantitative analysis and understanding of chemical reactions. Its principles are widely used in various fields, from chemical production to materials science and academic research. By mastering the principles of stoichiometry, chemists and other scientific professionals can gain a deeper understanding of thecomplex chemical processes that shape our world and develop innovative solutions to address the challenges we face.。

化学专业英文作文范文Studying chemistry is like unlocking the secrets of the universe. It's all about understanding the properties, composition, and behavior of matter. From the tiniest atoms to the complex molecules, chemistry helps us make sense of the world around us.Chemistry is not just about mixing chemicals in a lab. It's also about understanding the impact of chemical processes on the environment. We need to find ways to minimize pollution and develop sustainable energy sources. Chemistry plays a crucial role in creating a better, cleaner world for future generations.One of the most fascinating aspects of chemistry is the way it connects with other scientific disciplines. It overlaps with physics, biology, and even astronomy. This interdisciplinary nature makes chemistry an exciting field to study, as it offers endless opportunities for collaboration and discovery.Chemistry is also deeply rooted in everyday life. From the food we eat to the medicines we take, chemistry is everywhere. It's the science behind cooking, cleaning, and even the technology we use. Understanding chemistry can help us make informed choices about our health and the products we use.As a chemistry major, I have the opportunity to conduct experiments and research that can have real-world applications. Whether it's developing new materials, improving drug formulations, or finding ways to reduce environmental impact, chemistry offers endlesspossibilities to make a positive impact on society.。

降低血液粘稠度的化学成分Reducing blood viscosity is a crucial aspect of maintaining overall cardiovascular health. High blood viscosity, or thickness, can impede blood flow and increase the risk of various cardiovascular diseases, includingheart attacks and strokes. Therefore, finding chemical compounds that can effectively reduce blood viscosity is of great importance. In this response, we will explore various perspectives on the problem and discuss potential solutions.From a medical perspective, identifying chemical compounds that can effectively lower blood viscosity is a complex task. One potential approach is to focus on natural compounds that have shown promising results in reducing blood viscosity. For example, studies have suggested that certain plant extracts, such as garlic and Ginkgo biloba, may possess anticoagulant properties and can help improve blood flow by reducing blood viscosity. These compoundswork by inhibiting platelet aggregation and preventing the formation of blood clots.Another perspective to consider is the potential side effects and interactions of these chemical compounds. While finding substances that can reduce blood viscosity is important, it is equally crucial to ensure that they do not cause any harmful effects or interact negatively with other medications. Therefore, extensive research and clinicaltrials are necessary to evaluate the safety andeffectiveness of these compounds before they can be recommended for widespread use.Furthermore, it is important to note that lifestyle factors play a significant role in blood viscosity.Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and maintaining proper hydration can help reduce blood viscosity naturally. Physical activity promotes blood circulation and prevents blood from becoming too thick. Additionally, consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids can also contribute to maintaining optimal blood viscosity.From a pharmaceutical perspective, developing syntheticcompounds specifically designed to reduce blood viscosity could be a potential solution. Scientists could explore the use of novel drugs or modify existing medications to target blood viscosity. However, this approach would require extensive research and testing to ensure the safety and efficacy of these compounds.Lastly, it is important to address the individual variability in blood viscosity. Different individuals may have different levels of blood viscosity due to various genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, personalized medicine approaches could be explored to develop tailored treatments for individuals with high blood viscosity. This could involve genetic testing to identify specific genetic markers associated with blood viscosity and developing personalized treatment plans based on these findings.In conclusion, reducing blood viscosity is a complex problem that requires a multidimensional approach. From exploring natural compounds to developing synthetic drugs, and considering lifestyle modifications and personalized medicine, finding effective solutions to lower bloodviscosity is a critical area of research. However, it is important to prioritize safety and thoroughly evaluate the potential benefits and risks of any chemical compounds before recommending them for widespread use.。

小学上册英语第4单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.How many colors are in a traffic light?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 22.I enjoy drawing pictures of _______ (我喜欢画_______的图画).3.The _______ (蛇) is often feared.4.What do we call the force that pulls objects toward the Earth?A. MagnetismB. FrictionC. GravityD. InertiaC Gravity5.The process of oxidation involves the loss of ______.6.The _____ (花) in the garden smells nice.7.What do bees make?A. MilkB. HoneyC. ButterD. Cheese8.What is the capital of Norway?A. OsloB. BergenC. TrondheimD. StavangerA9.The lifecycle of a plant begins with a ______ (种子).10.In the morning, I feed my ______ (小狗) before going to ______ (学校).11.What do we call the act of finding out information?A. ResearchingB. InvestigatingC. LearningD. Studying12.What do we call a person who writes books?A. AuthorB. ArtistC. ComposerD. DirectorA13. A chill in the air means that ______ (冬天) is coming.14.What is the name of the famous landmark in Paris?A. Eiffel TowerB. Big BenC. Statue of LibertyD. Colosseum15.I have a ___ (collection) of stickers.16.We will _______ (visit) the science museum.17.We will have a picnic in the _______.18. A _____ is a body of water, such as a lake or pond.19.My brother is very ________ (聪明).20.How do you say "mountain" in Spanish?A. MontañaB. MontC. MontagneD. Moutain21. A saturated fat can raise ______ levels.22.What is the main language spoken in China?A. EnglishB. MandarinC. SpanishD. Hindi23.What do you call the area of land that drains into a river?A. WatershedB. BasinC. DeltaD. FloodplainA24.What is the fastest land animal?A. ElephantB. CheetahC. HorseD. LionB25.What is the opposite of "big"?A. LargeB. SmallC. HugeD. Tall26.The city of Moscow is the capital of ________ (俄罗斯).27.The __________ is soft and white after it snows. (雪)28. A rainbow appears when light passes through _______.29. A ______ (蝉) sings loudly in the summer.30.What is 10 + 10?A. 15B. 20C. 25D. 30B31.The ______ (植被) provides habitat for wildlife.32.What is the process of making bread called?A. BakingB. FryingC. BoilingD. GrillingA Baking33.My grandmother loves to __________ (编织).34.We have a ______ (丰富的) schedule for school events.35.What is the largest organ in the human body?A. BrainB. SkinC. HeartD. LiverB36. A ____ is a gentle pet that loves being petted.37. A __________ is a mixture that cannot be separated by physical means.38.How many continents are there on Earth?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. EightC39.My mom loves taking pictures of ____.40.I saw a ___ (小蛇) sunbathing on the rock.41.We are ______ (going) to the beach.42.What is the name of the famous dog in the cartoon "Snoopy"?A. CharlieB. WoodstockC. SnoopyD. GarfieldC43.Many plants have ______ (传说和故事) associated with them.44.What is the name of the famous American author known for his works on race relations?A. Zora Neale HurstonB. James BaldwinC. Ralph EllisonD. All of the aboveD45.The parrot loves to sit on my _________ (肩膀).46.The __________ is known for its ancient cultures and civilizations. (中美洲)47.The ancient Greeks are known for their contributions to ________ (科学).48.adaptive reuse) repurposes old buildings. The ____49.The ______ (鸟) has colorful feathers and can fly.50.What do we call a baby pig?A. CalfB. KidC. PigletD. Foal51.Cows give us ______ (牛奶) to drink.52.The process of combining two or more substances is called ______.53.What is the name of the longest river in the world?A. AmazonB. NileC. YangtzeD. MississippiB54.What is the name of the famous mouse created by Walt Disney?A. Mickey MouseB. Jerry MouseC. Stuart LittleD. Speedy Gonzales55.The _______ (小金狮) roars softly when playing.56.What is the opposite of dark?A. BrightB. LightC. DullD. Shadow57.ts can grow in ______ (极限) conditions. Some pla58.My ________ (玩具名称) helps me connect with others.59.Photosynthesis allows plants to convert sunlight into ______ (能量).60.The chemical formula for zinc sulfate is _____.61.The __________ (历史的分析工具) aid in research.62.What do astronauts wear to protect themselves in space?A. PajamasB. Space suitsC. RaincoatsD. Regular clothes63.I like to collect ________ from different places.64.The _____ (ball/box) is round.65.What is the sum of 1 and 1?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4B66.What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. NoodlesB. RiceC. BreadD. PotatoesB67.The country known for its multicultural societies is ________ (以多元文化社会闻名的国家是________).68.中国的三国演义中有很多________ (heroes) 的故事。

小学上册英语第1单元真题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The process of evaporation occurs when a liquid __________.2.The ______ teaches us about literature.3.I like to volunteer because it allows me to help those in need. It’s very _______ (有意义).4.The ______ is a giant cloud of gas and dust in space.5.The Earth's surface is made up of various ______ ecosystems.6.The bird is _______ (singing) in the tree.7.We have ______ (许多) different cultures in our city.8.What is the term for a large, flat area of land?A. PlateauB. ValleyC. BasinD. PlainD9.I need to _____ (buy/sell) groceries.10. A catalyst helps a reaction occur at a ________ rate.11. A polar solvent is one that can dissolve ______ molecules.12.What do you call a baby dog?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CalfD. ChickA13.The gecko can stick to ______ (墙).14.We will go ______ in the evening. (walking)15.The __________ is a famous historic site in India. (泰姬陵)16.My dad encourages me to follow my __________ (兴趣).17.The city of Dublin is the capital of _______.18. A ____ is a small reptile that basks in the sun.19.The chemical formula for calcium sulfate is ______.20.I enjoy exploring with my toy ________ (玩具名称).21.The __________ is an area that experiences extreme temperatures.22. A __________ is a large region known for its wildlife.23.What do we call the process of buying and selling goods?A. TradeB. CommerceC. BusinessD. EconomyB24.What is the capital of Norway?A. OsloB. StockholmC. HelsinkiD. ReykjavikA25.Which fruit is known for being fuzzy?A. BananaB. KiwiC. PeachD. AppleC26.What is the shape of a clock?A. SquareB. TriangleC. CircleD. Oval27.I like to __________ (动词) my __________ (玩具名) with my family.28.The __________ (历史的演绎) unveils complexity.29.The ____ is often seen hopping around in the grass.30.The cake is ______ and delicious. (sweet)31.The __________ (历史的启示性分析) guide decisions.32.How many sides does a hexagon have?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 833.I love trying new activities, like __________, to step out of my comfort zone.34.What do we call the act of finding out information?A. ResearchingB. InvestigatingC. LearningD. Studying35.The first successful flight of a hot air balloon was in _______.36.I want to learn how to ________.37.The _____ (青蛙) has a unique life cycle.38.The ________ is a bird that can talk.39.小鸟) flies high in the sky. The ___40.What do we call a scientist who studies the origins of life?A. BiochemistB. PaleontologistC. GeneticistD. Earth Scientist41.I have a collection of ________ (硬币) from different years.42.My _____ (外公) always tells interesting stories about his travels. 我外公总是讲述他旅行的有趣故事。

小学上册英语第5单元综合卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What do we call the outer layer of the Earth?A. CrustB. MantleC. CoreD. ShellA2.What do we call the act of giving up something for someone else?A. SacrificeB. GenerosityC. KindnessD. CharityA3.What is the capital of Slovenia?A. LjubljanaB. MariborC. CeljeD. KranjA4.The ______ (植物的演变) is an important topic in biology.5.What is the color of an emerald?A. RedB. BlueC. GreenD. Yellow6.I can ______ (画) a picture of my family.7.The ________ was a series of conflicts between England and France.8.What is the capital of Georgia?A. TbilisiB. BatumiC. KutaisiD. Rustavi9.My grandmother loves __________ (养花).10.What is the name of the famous painting by Vincent van Gogh?A. The Starry NightB. The Last SupperC. Mona LisaD. The ScreamA11.The children are _____ at the playground. (playing)12.The ________ was an ancient civilization that lived along the Nile River.13.My __________ (玩具名) has many __________ (名词) inside.14.What is the opposite of 'fast'?A. QuickB. SlowC. SpeedyD. Rapid15.Liquid water can freeze into _______.16.What do we call the study of animals?A. BotanyB. EcologyC. ZoologyD. AnthropologyC17.Grass is a type of _____ (植物).18.The ________ (玩具) makes a funny sound when you press it.19.The ancient Mayans were known for their ________ and astronomy.20.Which sport uses a bat and ball?A. SoccerB. TennisC. BaseballD. GolfC21.When I get home from school, I do my ______ (作业) before I play. It helps me stay organized.22.I enjoy seeing the __________ in my neighborhood. (季节变化)23.The _____ (竹子) grows very quickly.24. A __________ is a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust.25.It feels nice to sit outside when it’s ______ (温暖的).26.What do you call the act of making something look nice?A. DecoratingB. DesigningC. BeautifyingD. ArrangingA27.What do we use to cut paper?A. GlueB. ScissorsC. TapeD. Ruler28.I find joy in small ______ (事物) like a sunny day or a nice cup of hot chocolate. Life is full of little pleasures.29.What is the capital of Latvia?A. RigaB. VilniusC. TallinnD. KaunasA30.The __________ (历史的启示) can guide future actions.31.What color is the grass?A. BlueB. GreenC. RedD. Yellow32.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Born This Way"?A. Lady GagaB. Katy PerryC. Taylor SwiftD. AdeleA33._____ (水果) trees produce many tasty treats.34.I saw a ______ (青蛙) jumping in the pond.35.I have a toy _______ that can zoom across the floor.36.I enjoy exploring ______ (国家公园) to see wildlife and natural beauty.37.What is the name of the planet we live on?A. MarsB. VenusC. EarthD. SaturnC38.What is the name of the famous ship that was used for the first transatlantic voyage?A. MayflowerB. TitanicC. Santa MariaD. EndeavourC39.The _____ (气候) affects which plants can grow in an area.40.Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are harmful to the ______ layer.41.She is _____ (drawing) a cartoon.42.The invention of the television changed _____ forever.43.Which animal is known as man's best friend?A. CatB. DogC. BirdD. Fish44.The country famous for its tango is ________ (阿根廷).45.The dog is ___ (chasing/sleeping) the ball.46._____ (植物小组) can share gardening tips.47.My mom makes delicious ______ (饼干).48.The ________ has sharp claws and likes to climb.49.What is the largest planet in our solar system?A. EarthB. MarsC. JupiterD. Saturn50. A __________ is a place where people settle and build homes.51.What is the term for a scientist who studies the ocean?A. OceanographerB. Marine biologistC. GeologistD. MeteorologistA52.My sister enjoys making ____ (gifts) for friends.53.The _____ (bark) of a tree protects it.54.What do you call the process of converting sunlight into energy?A. PhotosynthesisB. Solar energyC. Thermal energyD. Hydroelectric power55.The teacher creates engaging _____ (材料) for lessons.56.What do we call the study of the structure and function of the human body?A. AnatomyB. PhysiologyC. PathologyD. Histology57.The chemical symbol for radon is _______.58.My favorite snack is ________ (苹果干) after school.59.The ________ (果蔬种植) is rewarding.60.What do we call the process of restoring damaged ecosystems?A. Ecological restorationB. RehabilitationC. ConservationD. PreservationA61.What is the season after winter?A. FallB. SpringC. SummerD. RainyB62.The __________ (历史的推动) inspires change.63.What is the main purpose of a telescope?A. To hear soundsB. To see distant objectsC. To measure temperatureD. To weigh things64.My favorite color is _______ (蓝色).65.We go ________ (swimming) in the lake.66.The _____ belt is located between Mars and Jupiter.67.What is the capital of Nepal?A. KathmanduB. PokharaC. BhaktapurD. LalitpurA68.I can express my feelings through my ________ (玩具类型).69.I want to learn to ________ (设计服装).70. f Exploration began in the __________ (15世纪). The Age71.I like to ______ (观察) birds in the park.72. A ____(sustainable city) prioritizes balance between nature and urban life.73.What is the main ingredient of pizza?A. DoughB. RiceC. BreadD. NoodlesA74.I enjoy _______ with my family.75.What do we call the act of finding out information?A. ResearchingB. InvestigatingC. LearningD. Studying76.The kitten loves to play with a ______ (小球). It has so much ______ (乐趣).77.How many colors are in a rainbow?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 878.The ________ is a tiny creature that can sting.79.What is the name of the famous clock in London?A. Big BenB. Tower BridgeC. The ShardD. London EyeA80.The _____ (植物细胞) help in growth and development.81.The turtle is a slow _______ that carries its home.82.__________ are used in the rubber industry for manufacturing.83.Which of these is a type of bird?A. SalmonB. SparrowC. SharkD. Dolphin84.This boy, ______ (这个男孩), loves to ride his bike.85.The baby is __________ in the crib.86.What do we call the time of year when it gets warmer?A. WinterB. SpringC. AutumnD. Summer87.The _____ (蜗牛) hides in its shell when scared.88.My favorite subject is ___ (science/math).89.The chemical formula for ammonium sulfate is _______.90. A mixture that appears uniform to the naked eye is called a _______ mixture.91.The playground has a big ________.92.What color is the grass?A. BlueB. YellowC. GreenD. PurpleC Green93.The chemical formula for propane is ______.94.What is the term for a baby chicken?A. DucklingB. GoslingC. ChickD. CalfC95.What is the main ingredient in a salad?A. BreadB. VegetablesC. MeatD. FruitB96.Which insect produces honey?A. AntB. ButterflyC. BeeD. MosquitoC97.The walrus finds food on the _______ (海底).98.I like to __________ (动词) with my __________ (玩具名) in the garden.99.How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 1100.Christopher Columbus discovered America in the year ________.。