Advances in endovascular therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases
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尤瑞克林对脑梗死急性期患者脑血管储备能力及临床疗效的影响王娜;李鼎;陈丽霞;王健健;王丽华【摘要】目的探讨静脉注射尤瑞克林对脑梗死急性期患者的脑血管储备能力(CVR)及临床疗效的影响. 方法前瞻性纳入2015年6月至2016年4月大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死急性期患者60例,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为对照组和尤瑞克林组各30例.给予对照组患者静脉滴注肝素抗凝治疗、银杏叶制剂、小牛血去蛋白水解物改善循环及脑保护治疗;尤瑞克林组患者在接受与对照组相同治疗的基础上,静脉滴注尤瑞克林0.15 PNA U,1次/d,持续14d.治疗前后,使用经颅多普勒超声技术分别进行屏气指数(BHI)、CVR的检测,临床疗效评价采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分. 结果治疗前两组患者BHI和CVR水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗后14d,对照组和尤瑞克林组的BHI分别为1.16±0.17和1.68±0.32,CVR分别为(23±3)%和(37±4)%,两组间差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.01);NIHSS评分分别为(5.9±1.4)分和(5.2±1.2)分,尤瑞克林组显明低于对照组(P =0.039).两组患者均无明显药物不良反应.结论静脉滴注尤瑞克林有利于改善脑梗死急性期患者的CVR,并能够提高临床治疗效果.【期刊名称】《中国脑血管病杂志》【年(卷),期】2016(013)011【总页数】4页(P584-587)【关键词】脑梗死;急性期;超声,多普勒,经颅;脑血管储备能力;尤瑞克林【作者】王娜;李鼎;陈丽霞;王健健;王丽华【作者单位】150000 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院神经内科;150000 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院神经内科;150000 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院神经内科;150000 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院神经内科;150000 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院神经内科【正文语种】中文脑血管储备能力(Cerebrovascular reserve,CVR)是指在病理、生理状态下,通过脑小动脉和毛细血管的代偿性扩张、收缩,脑血管的侧支循环开放,脑部血流重新调节,维持脑血流稳定的能力,与脑梗死的预防以及预后密切相关[1-3]。
《血管与腔内血管外科杂志》2020年9月 第6卷 第5期Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Vol.6, No.5, Sept 2020[基金项目]天津市科技支撑重点项目(16YFZCSY01080)[作者简介]陈永辉,住院医师,主要从事血管外科研究,天津医科大学总医院[通信作者]戴向晨(Dai Xiangchen ,corresponding author ),Email :133********@下腔静脉滤器置入适应证、并发症及其防治的研究进展陈永辉 戴向晨天津医科大学总医院血管外科,天津 300052摘要:随着静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE )防控普及和相关医疗技术的推广,越来越多下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT )和肺栓塞被诊断及治疗。
下腔静脉滤器(IVCF )作为预防DVT 患者发生肺栓塞的重要技术手段,其使用量也随之增加,尤其是当DVT 患者存在抗凝禁忌证。
由于IVCF 的应用增多及目前可回收滤器取出率偏低,出现IVCF 相关并发症的患者逐渐增加,临床上需重新审视此技术手段。
本文在回顾及分析现状基础上,阐述IVCF 的置入适应证、并发症及解决方法的研究进展。
关键词:下腔静脉滤器;静脉血栓栓塞症;深静脉血栓形成;肺栓塞中图分类号:R543.6 文献标志码:A doi: 10.19418/ki.issn2096-0646.2020.05.016Advances on indications, complications and their solutions for inferior vena cavafilters placementChen Y onghui Dai XiangchenDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, ChinaAbstract: With the popularization of controlling venous thromboembolism (VTE) and progress of medical technologies,more and more deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism have been diagnosed and treated. As an important technology to prevent pulmonary embolism in DVT patients, the use of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) has also increased sharply, especially when anticoagulation is contraindicated. Due to the increasing application of IVCF and the low removal rate of retrievable filters, patients with IVCF-related complications gradually accumulated over time, which makes clinicians have to recognize this technique. Based on reviewing the history and analyzing the status quo, this article is trying to elaborate advances on indications, complications and their solutions for inferior vena cava filters placement.Key words: inferior vena cava filter; venous thromboembolism; deep venous thrombosis; pulmonary embolism下腔静脉滤器(inferior vena cava filters ,IVCF )使用率逐年递增,是目前预防肺栓塞的主要方式。
血管内治疗联合依达拉奉右莰醇治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床研究【课题】项目名称:血管内治疗联合依达拉奉右莰醇治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床研究(项目编号:21YFZJ0105)【摘要】目的:分析血管内治疗联合依达拉奉右莰醇治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床。
方法:选择本院在2021年1月份-2022年9月份之间所接收治疗的60例急性缺血性脑卒中患者当作此次调查研究的对象,随机将其分为实验组和对照组,两组之中患者的人数都是30例。
实验组患者实施血管内治疗联合依达拉奉右莰醇治疗,对照组患者实施血管内治疗。
分析出组间患者的治疗效果、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)以及生活质量评分(mRs)。
结果:组间患者的治疗效果,对照组效果较差,差异有意义(P<0.005);两组患者治疗之前NIHSS评分、mRs评分进行对比,差异无意义(P>0.05),经过治疗干预之后,差异有意义(P<0.05)。
结论:血管内治疗联合依达拉奉右莰醇治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床效果较血管内治疗急性缺血性脑卒中更为显著,能够缓解患者神经功能缺损症状,提升患者最终的生活质量,在临床之中可以获得广泛推广。
【关键词】血管内治疗;依达拉奉右莰醇;急性缺血性脑卒中;治疗效果;生活质量急性缺血性脑卒中属于神经系统之中最为常见的一种疾病,因为脑部血液循环障碍以及组织缺血、缺氧等因素,导致患者出现脑组织缺血缺氧性坏死[1-2]。
使得患者出现神经功能方面障碍,患者会出现肢体偏瘫、口齿不清以及吞咽困难等情况,严重的时候还会产生脑水肿以及昏迷等。
这对患者实际生活会带来较大影响[3-4]。
临床之中,通过血管内治疗(血管内器械取栓、动脉溶栓、血管成形术)治疗急性缺血性脑卒中,患者可以获得一定效果,但是血管内治疗联合依达拉奉右莰醇治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的效果更为显著[5-6]。
于是,本文主要选择60例患者作出以下有关调查,现将结果进行以下相应报道。
1资料与方法1.1 一般资料选择本院在2021年1月份-2022年9月份之间所接收治疗的60例急性缺血性脑卒中患者当作此次调查研究的对象,随机将其分为实验组和对照组,两组之中患者的人数都是30例。
1Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚麻醉学报〔丹〕2Acta Anat Acta Anatomica解剖学报〔瑞士〕3Acta Chir Scand Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚外科学报〔瑞典〕4Acta Cytol Acta Cytologica细胞学报〔美〕5Acta Med Scand Acta Medica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚内科学报〔瑞典〕6Acta Neurol Scand Acta Neurologica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚神经病学报〔丹〕7Acta Odontol Scand Acta Odontologica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚牙科学报〔挪〕8Acta Orthop Scand Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚矫形外科学报〔丹〕9Acta Paediatr Scand Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚儿科学报〔瑞典〕10Acta Pathol Jpn Acta Pathologica Japonica日本病理学报11Acta Pharm Hung Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica匈牙利药学学报12Acta Pharm Suec Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica瑞典药学学报13Acta Physiol Scand Acta Physiologica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚生理学报〔瑞典〕14Acta Psychiatr Scand Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica斯堪的纳维亚精神病学报〔丹〕15Acta Radiol(Diagn) Acta Radiologica:Diagnosis放射学报:诊断分册〔瑞典〕16Acta Radiol(Oncol) Acta Radiologica:Oncology放射学报:肿瘤学分册〔瑞典〕17Acta Virol Acta Virologica病毒学报〔英〕18Acupunct Electrother Res Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research针刺与电疗研究〔英〕19Adolesc Psychiatry Adolescent Psychiatry青春期精神病学〔美〕20Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol Advances in Anatomy,Embryology and Cell Biology解剖学、胚胎学与细胞生物学进展〔东德〕21Adv Appl Microblol Advances in Applied Microbiology应用微生物学进展〔美〕22Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol Advances in Biochemical Psycho-pharma-cology生化精神药理学进展〔美〕23Adv Cancer Res Advances in Cancer Research癌症研究进展〔美〕24Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry碳水化合物化学与生化进展〔美〕25Adv Cardiol Advances in Cardiology心脏病学进展〔瑞士〕26Adv Child Dev Behav Advances in Child Development and Behavior儿童发育与行为进展〔美〕27Adv Clin Chem Advances in Clinical Chemistry临床化学进展〔美〕28Adv Enzyme Regul Advances in Enzyme Regulation酶调节进展〔英〕29Adv Enzymol Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology酶学与分子生物学有关领域进展〔美〕30Adv Exp Med Biol Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology实验医学与生物学进展〔美〕31Adv Genet Advances in Genetics遗传学进展〔美〕32Adv Hum Genet Advances in Human Genetics人类遗传学进展〔美〕33Adv Immunol Advances 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Journal of Psychiatry美国精神病学杂志100Am J Psychoanal American Journal of Psychoanalysis美国精神分析杂志101Am J Psychol American Journal of Psychology美国心理学杂志102Am J Psychother American Journal of Psychotherapy美国心理疗法杂志103Am J Public Health American Journal of Public Health美国公共卫生杂志104Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol American Journal of Reproductive Im-munology and Microbiology美国生殖免疫学与微生物学杂志105Am J Sports Med American Journal of Sports Medicine美国运动医学杂志106Am J Surg American Journal of Surgery美国外科学杂志107Am J Surg Pathol American Journal of Surgical Pathology美国外科病理学杂志108Am J Trop Med Hyg American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene美国热带医学与卫生学杂志109Am Pharm American Pharmacy美国药学110Am Psychol American Psychologist美国心理学家111Am Rev Respir Dis American Review of Respiratory Disease美国呼吸系疾病评论112Am Surg American Surgeon美国外科医师113Anal Abstr Analytical Abstracts分析文摘〔英〕114Anal Biochem Analytical Biochemistry分析生物化学〔美〕115Anal Chem Analytical Chemistry分析化学〔美〕116Anal Chim Acta Analytica Chimica Acta分析化学学报〔荷〕117Anal Quant Cytol Histol Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histol-ogy分析、定量细胞学与组织学〔美〕118Anat Embryol Anatomy and Embryology解剖学与胚胎学〔东德〕119Anat Histol Embryol Anatomia,Histologia,Embryologia解剖学、组织学与胚胎学〔东德〕120Anat Rec Anatomical Record解剖学记事〔美〕121Anesth Analg Anesthesia and Analgesia麻醉与止痛〔美〕122Anim Genet Animal Genetics动物遗传学〔英〕123Ann Biomed Eng Annals of Biomedical Engineering生物医学工程纪事〔美〕124Ann Clin Biochem Annals of Clinical Biochemistry临床生物化学纪事〔英〕125Ann Clin Lab Sci Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science临床与实验科学纪事〔美〕126Ann Clin Res Annals of Clinical Research临床研究纪事〔芬〕127Ann Dent Annals of Dentistry牙科学纪事〔美〕128Ann Emerg Med Annals of Emergency Medicine急救医学纪事〔美〕129Ann Hum Biol Annals of Human Biology人类生物学纪事〔英〕130Ann Hum Genet Annals of Human Genetics人类遗传学纪事〔英〕131Ann ICRP Annals of the ICRP国际放射防护委员会纪事〔英〕132Ann Intern Med Annals of Internal Medicine内科学纪事〔美〕133Ann Neurol Annals of Neurology神经病学纪事〔美〕134Ann Nutr Metab Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism营养与代谢纪事〔瑞士〕135Ann NY Acad Sci Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences纽约科学院纪事〔美〕136Ann Occup Hyg Annals of Occupational Hygiene职业卫生纪事〔英〕137Ann Ophthalmol Annals of Ophthalmology眼科学纪事〔美〕138Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Annals of Otology,Rhinology and Laryngology耳鼻喉科纪事〔美〕139Ann Physlol Anthropol Annals of Physiological Anthropology人类生理学纪事〔日〕140Ann Plast Surg Annals of Plastic Surgery整形外科学纪事〔美〕141Ann R Coll Surg Engl Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England英国皇家外科医师学会纪事142Ann Rev Gerontol Geriatr Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics老年医学年评〔美〕143Ann Rheum Dis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases风湿病纪事〔英〕144Ann Surg Annals of Surgery外科学纪事〔美〕145Ann Thorac Surg Annals of Thoracic Surgery胸外科纪事〔美〕146Ann Trop Med Parasitol Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology热带医学与寄生虫学纪事〔英〕147Ann Trop Paediatr Annals of Tropical Paediatrics热带儿科学纪事〔英〕148Annu Rev Biochem Annual Review of Biochemistry生物化学年评〔美〕149Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem Annual Review of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry生物物理与生物物理化学年评〔美〕150Annu Rev Entomol Annual Review of Entomology昆虫学年评〔美〕151Annu Rev Genet Annual Review of Genetics遗传学年评〔美〕152Annu Rev Immunol Annual Review of Immunology免疫学年评〔美〕153Annu Rev Med Annual Review of Medicine医学年评〔美〕154Annu Rev Microbiol Annual Review of Microbiology微生物学年评〔美〕155Annu Rev Neurosci Annual Review of Neuroscience神经科学年评〔美〕156Annu Rev Nurs Res Annual Review of Nursing Research护理研究年评〔美〕157Annu Rev Nutr Annual Review of Nutrition营养学年评〔美〕158Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxi-cology药理学与毒理学年评〔美〕159Annu Rev Physiol Annual Review of Physiology生理学年评〔美〕160Annu Rev Psychol Annual Review of Psychology心理学年评〔美〕161Annu Rev Public Health Annual Review of Public Health公共卫生学年评〔美〕162Annu Rev Rehabil Annual Review of Rehabilitation康复医学年评〔美〕163ANS Advances in Nursing Science护理科学进展〔美〕164Antibiot Chemother Antibiotics and Chemotherapy抗生素与化学治疗〔瑞士〕165Anticancer Res Anticancer Research抗癌研究〔美〕166Antimicrob Agents Chemother Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy抗菌剂与化学治疗〔美〕167Antiviral Res Antiviral Research抗病毒研究〔荷〕168Appl Biochem Biotechnol Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology应用生物化学与生物技术〔美〕169Appl Environ Microbiol Applied and Environmental Microbiology应用与环境微生物学〔美〕170Appl Neurophysiol Applied Neurophysiology应用神经生理学〔瑞士〕171Appl Pathol Applied Pathology应用病理学〔瑞士〕172Arch Androl Archives of Andrology男科学文献〔美〕173Arch Biochem Biophys Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics生物化学与生物物理学文献〔美〕174Arch Dermatol Archives of Dermatology皮肤病学文献〔美〕175Arch Dermatol Res Archives of Dermatological Research皮肤病学研究文献〔东德〕176Arch Dis Child Archives of Disease in Childhood儿童期疾病文献〔英〕177Arch Emerg Med Archives of Emergency Medicine急救医学文献〔英〕178Arch Environ Contam Toxicol Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology环境污染与毒物学文献〔美〕179Arch Environ Health Archives of Environmental Health 环境卫生学文献〔美〕180Arch Gen Psychiatry Archives of General Psychiatry普通精神病学文献〔美〕181Arch Gerontol Geriatr Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics老年医学文献〔荷〕182Arch Gynecol Archives of Gynecology妇科学文献〔东德〕183Arch Intern Med Archives of Internal Medicine内科学文献〔美〕184Arch Microbiol Archives of Microbiology微生物学文献〔东德〕185Arch Neurol Archives of Neurology神经病学文献〔美〕186Arch Ophthalmol Archives of Ophthalmology眼科学文献〔美〕187Arch Oral Biol Archives of Oral Biology口腔生物学文献〔英〕188Arch Orthop Trauma Surg Archives of Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery矫形与创伤外科文献〔东德〕189Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery耳鼻喉科学—头颈外科学文献〔美〕190Arch Otorhinolaryngol Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology耳鼻喉科学文献〔东德〕191Arch Pathol Lab Med Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine病理学与检验医学文献〔美〕192Arch Phys Med Rehabil Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation物理医学与康复文献〔美〕193Arch Sex Behav Archives of Sexual Behavior性行为文献〔美〕194Arch Surg Archives of Surgery外科学文献〔美〕195Arch Toxicol Archives of Toxicology毒理学文献〔东德〕196Arch Virol Archives of Virology病毒学文献〔奥〕197Arctic Med Res Arctic Medical Research北极医学研究〔芬〕198Arthritis Rheum Arthritis and Rheumatism关节炎与风湿病〔美〕199Artif Organs Artificial Organs人造器官〔美〕200ASAIO Trans ASAIO Transactions美国人造内脏器官学会汇刊201ASDC J Dent Child ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children美国儿童牙科学会儿童牙科杂志202Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology亚洲-大洋洲地区妇产科杂志〔日〕203Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Im-munology亚洲-太平洋地区变态反应与免疫学杂志〔泰〕204Aust Clin Rev Australian Clinical Review澳大利亚临床评论205Aust Dent J Australian Dental Journal澳大利亚牙科杂志206Aust Fam Physician Australian Family Physician澳大利亚家庭医师207Aust J Biol Sci Australian Journal of Biological Sciences澳大利亚生物科学杂志208Aust J Chem Australian Journal of Chemistry澳大利亚化学杂志209Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science澳大利亚实验生物学与医学科学杂志210Aust NZ J Ophthalmol Australian and New Zealand Journal of Opthalmol-ogy澳大利亚与新西兰眼科杂志〔澳〕211Aust NZ J Med Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine澳大利亚与新西兰医学杂志〔澳〕212Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ob-stetrics and Gynaecology澳大利亚与新西兰妇产科杂志〔澳〕213Aust NZ J Psychiatry Australian and 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Biological Research in Pregnancy and Peri-natology妊娠与围产期生物学研究〔西德〕248Biomater Med Devices Artif Organs Biomaterials,Medical Devices and Ar-tificial Organs生物材料、医疗器械与人造器官〔美〕249Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-trometry生物医学与环境质谱测定法〔英〕250Biomed Pharmacother Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy生物医学与药物治疗〔法〕251Biomed Sci Instrum Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation生物医学科学仪器应用〔美〕252Bioorg Chem Bioorganic Chemistry生物有机化学〔美〕253Biopharm Drug Dispos Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition生物药剂学与药物处置〔英〕254Biophys Chem Biophysical Chemistry生物物理化学〔荷〕255Biophys J Biophysical Journal生物物理学杂志〔美〕256Biosci Rep Bioscience Reports生物科学报道〔英〕257Biotechnol Appl Biochem Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry生物技术与应用生物化学〔美〕258Biotechnol Bioeng Biotechnology and Bioengineering生物技术与生物工程学〔美〕259Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev Biotechnology and Genetic Engineeing Reviews生物技术与遗传工程学评论〔英〕260Blood Purif Blood Purification血液净化〔瑞士〕261Br Dent J British Dental Journal英国牙科杂志262Br Heart J British Heart 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Statistical Psy-chology英国数学与统计心理学杂志279Br J Med Psychol British Journal of Medical Psychology英国医学心理学杂志280Br J Nutr British Journal of Nutrition英国营养学杂志281Br J Obstet Gynaecol British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology英国妇产科学杂志282Br J Ophthalmol British Journal of Ophthalmology英国眼科学杂志283Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery英国口腔与颌面外科杂志284Br J Orthod British Journal of Orthodontics英国正牙学杂志285Br J Pharmacol British Journal of Pharmacology英国药理学杂志286Br J Plast Surg British Journal of Plastic Surgery英国整形外科杂志287Br J Psychiatry British Journal of Psychiatry英国精神病学杂志288Br J Psychol British Journal of Psychology英国心理学杂志289Br J Radiol British Journal of Radiology英国放射学杂志290Br J Rheumatol British Journal of Rheumatology英国风湿病学杂志291Br J Soc Psychol British Journal of Social Psychology英国社会心理学杂志292Br J Sociol British Journal of Sociology英国社会学杂志293Br J Sports Med British Journal of Sports Medicine英国运动医学杂志294Br J Surg British Journal of Surgery英国外科学杂志295Br J Urol British Journal of Urology英国泌尿学杂志296Br Med Bull British Medical Bulletin英国医学通报297Br Med J(Clin Res) British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)英国医学杂志(临床研究版)298Brain Behav Evol Brain,Behavior and Evolution脑、行为与进化〔瑞士〕299Brain Cogn Brain and Cognition脑与认知〔美〕300Brain Dev Brain and Development脑与发育〔日〕301Brain Lang Brain and Language脑与语言〔美〕302Brain Res Brain Research脑研究〔荷〕303Brain Res Bull Brain Research Bulletin脑研究通报〔美〕304Breast Cancer Res Treat Breast Cancer Research and Treatment乳腺癌研究与治疗〔荷〕305Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law Bulletin of the American Academy of Psy-chiatry and the Law美国精神病学与法律学会通报306Bull Clin Neurosci Bulletin of Clinical Neurosciences临床神经科学通报〔美〕307Bull Environ Contam Toxicol Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology环境污染与毒物学通报〔美〕308Bull Hist Med Bulletin of the History of Medicine医学史通报〔比〕309Bull Inst Marit Trop Med Gdynia Bulletin of the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia格丁尼亚沿海与热带医310学研究所通报〔波兰〕311Bull Int Union Tuberc Bulletin of the International Union Against Tuber-culosis国际抗结核病联合会通报〔法〕312Bull Math Biol Bulletin of Mathematical Biology数学生物学通报〔美〕313Bull Med Libr Assoc Bulletin of the Medical Library Association医学图书馆协会通报〔美〕314Bull Narc Bulletin on Narcotics麻醉药通报〔美〕315Bull NY Acad Med Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine纽约医学科学院通报〔美〕316Bull Osaka Med Sch Bulletin of the Osaka Medical School大阪医学院通报〔日〕317Buli Pan Am Health Organ Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organiza-tion泛美卫生组织通报〔美〕318Bull Rheum Dis Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases风湿病通报〔美〕319Bull WHO Bulletin of the World Health Organization世界卫生组织通报〔瑞士〕320Burns Incl Therm Inj Burns,Including Thermal Injury烧伤(包括热损伤)〔英〕321CA Chemical Abstracts化学文摘〔美〕322Can Anaesth Soc J Canadian Anaesthetists Society Journal加拿大麻醉师协会杂志323Can Dent Assoc J Canadian Dental Association Journal加拿大牙科学会杂志324Can J Anaesth Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia加拿大麻醉学杂志325Can J Appl Sport Sci Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences加拿大应用运动科学杂志326Can J Biochem Cell Biol Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 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Immunol Cellular Immunology细胞免疫学〔美〕361Cell Mol Biol Cellular and Molecular Biology细胞与分子生物学〔美〕362Cell Mol Neurobiol Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology细胞与分子神经生物学〔美〕363Cell Motil Cytoskeleton Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton细胞能动力与细胞骨架〔美〕364Cell Struct Funct Cell Structure and Function细胞结构与功能〔日〕365Cell Surf Rev Cell Surface Reviews细胞表面评论〔美〕366Cell Tissue Kinet Cell and Tissue Kinetics细胞与组织动力学〔英〕367Cell Tissue Res Cell and Tissue Research细胞与组织研究〔东德〕368Cent Afr J Med Central African Journal of Medicine中非医学杂志〔津巴布韦〕369Cent Nerv Syst Trauma Central Nervous System Trauma中枢神经系统创伤〔美〕370Chem Abstr Chemical Abstracts化学文摘〔美〕371Chem Br Chemistry in Britain英国化学372Chem Lett Chemistry Letters化学快报〔日〕373Chem Pharm Bull Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin化学与药学通报〔日〕374Chem Rev Chemical Reviews化学评论〔美〕375Chem Soc Rev Chemical Society Reviews化学会评论〔英〕376Child Dev Child Development儿童发育〔美〕377Child Psychiatry Hum Dev Child Psychiatry and Human Development儿童精神病学与人体发育〔美〕378Circ Res Circulation Research循环研究〔美〕379Circ Shock Circulatory Shock循环性休克〔美〕380Cleft Palate J Cleft Palate Journal腭裂杂志〔美〕381Cleve Clin J Med Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine克利夫兰临床医学杂志〔美〕382Clin Allergy Clinical Allergy临床变态反应〔英〕383Clin Biochem Clinical Biochemistry临床生物化学〔加〕384Clin Chem Clinical Chemistry临床化学〔美〕385Clin Chest Med Clinics in Chest Medicine临床胸内科学〔美〕386Clin Dermatol Clinics in Dermatology临床皮肤病学〔美〕387Clin Electroencephalogr Clinical Electroencephalography临床脑电描记法〔美〕388Clin Endocrinol Clinical Endocrinology临床内分泌学〔英〕389Clin Endocrinol Metab Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism临床内分泌学与代谢〔英〕390Clin Exp Dermatol Clinical and Experimental Dermatology临床与实验皮肤病学〔英〕391Clin Exp Hypertens(A) Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. Part A,Theory and Practice临床与实验性高血压(第一部分:理392论与实践)〔美〕393Clin Exp Immunol Clinical and Experimental Immunology临床与实验免疫学〔英〕394Clin Exp Metastasis Clinical and Experimental Metastasis临床与实验性转移〔英〕395Clin Exp Neurol Clinical and Experimental Neurology临床与实验神经病学〔美〕396Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gyne-cology临床与实验妇产科学〔意〕397Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology临床与实验药理学和生理学〔英〕398Clin Exp Rheumatol Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology临床与实验风湿病学〔意〕399Clin Gastroenterol Clinics in Gastroenterology临床胃肠病学〔英〕400Clin Genet Clinical Genetics临床遗传学〔丹〕401Clin Geriatr Med Clinics in Geriatric Medicine临床老年医学〔美〕402Clin Haematol Clinics in Haematology临床血液学〔英〕403Clin Immunol Immunopathol Clinical Immunology and lmmunopathology临床免疫学与免疫病理学〔美〕404Clin Immunol Rev Clinical Immunology Reviews临床免疫学评论〔美〕405Clin Lab Haematol Clinical and Laboratory Haematology临床与实验血液学〔英〕406Clin Lab Med Clinics in Laboratory Medicine临床检验医学〔美〕407Clin Nephrol Clinical Nephrology临床肾病学〔西德〕408Clin Neurol Neurosurg Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery临床神经病学与神经外科学〔荷〕409Clin Neuropharmacol Clinical Neuropharmacology临床神经药理学〔美〕410Clin Nucl Med Clinical Nuclear Medicine临床核医学411Clin Obstet Gynaecol Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology临床妇产科学〔英〕412Clin Obstet Gynecol Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology临床妇产科学〔美〕413Clin Otolaryngol Clinical Otolaryngology临床耳鼻喉科学〔英〕414Clin Pediatr Clinical Pediatrics临床儿科学〔美〕415Clin Pharm Clinical Pharmacy临床药学〔美〕416Clin Pharmacokinet Clinical Pharmacokinetics临床药物代谢动力学〔新〕417Clin Pharmacol Ther Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics临床药理学与治疗学〔美〕418Clin Physiol Clinical Physiology临床生理学〔英〕419Clin Physiol Biochem Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry临床生理学与生物化学〔瑞士〕420Clin Radiol Clinical Radiology临床放射学〔英〕421Clin Rev Allergy Clinical Reviews in Allergy临床变态反应评论〔美〕422Clin Rheumatol Clinical Rheumatology临床风湿病学〔比〕423Clin Sci Clinical Science临床科学〔英〕424Clin Sports Med Clinics in Sports Medicine临床运动医学〔美〕425Clin Ther Clinical Therapeutics临床治疗学〔美〕426Community Dent Health Community Dental Health社区牙科卫生〔英〕427Community Dent Oral Epidemiol Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemi-ology社区牙科学与口腔流行病学〔丹〕428Community Ment Health J Community Mental Health Journal社区心理卫生杂志〔美〕429Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis Comparative Immunology,Microbiol-ogy and Infectious Diseases比较免疫学微生物学与传430染病〔英〕431Compr Psychiatry Comprehensive Psychiatry综合精神病学〔美〕432Comput Biol Med Computers in Biology and Medicine生物学与医学电子计算机〔美〕433Comput Biomed Res Computers and Biomedical Research电子计算机与生物医学研究〔美〕434Connect Tissue Res Connective Tissue Research结缔组织研究〔英〕435Contemp Orthop Contemporary Orthopedics现代矫形科学〔美〕436Contemp Surg Contemporary Surgery现代外科学〔美〕437Contemp Top Immunobiol Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology现代免疫生物学论题〔美〕438Contemp Top Mol Immunol Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunolo-gy现代分子免疫学论题〔美〕439Coord Chem Rev Coordination Chemistry Reviews配位化学评论〔荷〕440Crit Care Med Critical Care Medicine急症救护医学〔美〕。
·4483··指南解读·【编者按】 库欣病的临床症状复杂多样,其诊断和治疗极具挑战性,需要准确诊断、选择恰当的治疗方案和长期管理以优化患者结局。
国际垂体协会于2020年10月召开了库欣病的临床共识研讨会,并于2021年12月在柳叶刀子刊Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology 上发表了2021年版《库欣病的诊断和管理共识(更新版)》,该共识是以2008年和2015年国际内分泌协会发布的库欣综合征临床指南为基础,更新了临床实践证据和建议,包括库欣病的诊断和鉴别诊断、并发症的管理、药物治疗等。
本刊特邀请四川大学华西医院内分泌代谢科谭惠文等学者基于该共识并结合国内临床实践,对库欣病的诊断和药物使用进行详细阐述,使广大全科及专科医生对库欣病的诊疗更加规范化。
国际垂体协会《库欣病的诊断和管理共识(更新版)》解读——药物篇唐宇1,谭惠文1,2*,李建薇1,2,余叶蓉1,2【摘要】 库欣病是内源性库欣综合征最常见的病因,是垂体促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤导致高皮质醇血症的临床综合征。
由于高皮质醇血症的持续存在,库欣病患者可以出现满月脸、水牛背、向心性肥胖、代谢障碍等临床表现。
对于库欣病,准确地诊断、恰当地治疗以及后续随访都极为重要。
国际垂体协会根据新近研究证据,于2021年12月发布了《库欣病的诊断和管理共识(更新版)》,对于库欣病的筛查和诊断流程、术后监测、药物和放射治疗、并发症管理均有更新。
本文重点对该共识中库欣病药物治疗部分进行解读,希望促进全科及专科医生对库欣病的规范化诊治。
【关键词】 库欣综合征;库欣病;诊疗指南; 药物疗法管理;垂体协会【中图分类号】 R 586.2 【文献标识码】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0469唐宇,谭惠文,李建薇,等. 国际垂体协会《库欣病的诊断和管理共识(更新版)》解读——药物篇[J]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(36):4483-4490. []TANG Y,TAN H W,LI J W,et al. Interpretation of Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Cushing 's Disease :a Guideline Update from the pituitary society——medical therapies[J]. Chinese General Practice,2022,25(36):4483-4490.Interpretation of Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Cushing 's Disease :a Guideline Update from the Pituitary Society ——Medical Therapies TANG Yu 1,TAN Huiwen 1,2*,LI Jianwei 1,2,YU Yerong 1,21.Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism ,West China Hospital ,Sichuan University ,Chengdu 610041,China2.Medical Center of Pituitary Adenomas and Related Diseases ,West China Hospital ,Sichuan University ,Chengdu 610041,China*Corresponding author :TAN Huiwen ,Associate chief physician ;E-mail :【Abstract 】 Cushing 's disease,the most common cause of endogenous Cushing 's syndrome,is hypercortisolemiacaused by adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. Patients may present clinical symptoms such as moon face,buffalo back,central obesity and metabolic disorders due to the persistence of hypercortisolemia. Accurate diagnosis,appropriate treatment and follow-up of Cushing 's disease are vitally important. Based on recent evidence,the Pituitary Society published the Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Cushing 's Disease :a Guideline Update in December 2021,with updates in screening and diagnosis procedures,postoperative monitoring,medical therapies and radiotherapy,and complication management. This article interprets the medical therapies recommended in the consensus,which will be helpful for general practitioners and specialists to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing 's disease.【Key words 】 Cushing syndrome;Cushing disease;Diagnostic and treatment guideline;Pituitary adenoma;Medication therapy management基金项目:四川大学华西医院学科卓越发展1·3·5工程临床研究孵化项目(2020HXFH034);四川省卫生健康委员会项目(20PJ046)1. 610041四川省成都市,四川大学华西医院内分泌代谢科2. 610041四川省成都市,四川大学华西医院垂体瘤及相关疾病诊疗中心*本文数字出版日期:2022-08-18扫描二维码查看原文·4484·E-mail:******************.cn临床实践指南)提到,如有证据倾向于明显的周期性高皮质醇血症,推荐选用阻断替代方案。
520203962021403[摘要]急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中(AIS-LVO )的早期血管内治疗,在过去几年取得了较大的发展。
静脉溶栓和机械取栓成为急性缺血性卒中治疗的标准方案。
对于颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(ICAS )导致的AIS-LVO ,多见于亚洲人群,目前尚无大型随机对照研究证实血管内治疗方案的有效性。
由于其发病机制不同,单纯机械取栓效果不如心源性栓塞(CE ),除支架取栓外往往需要局部动脉内抗血小板药物应用以及球囊扩张、支架置入等更为复杂的操作。
另一方面,由于其慢性狭窄导致的缺血耐受,这类患者的术前评估和术后处理也不同于CE ,组织窗评估可能更为重要。
因此本文拟将ICAS 导致的AIS-LVO 血管内治疗进展作一总结。
[关键词]急性缺血性卒中颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄血管内治疗Advances in endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion caused by intracranial atherosclerotic stenosisLI Yulin,PAN Haizhou,GAO Yuhai,CHEN Yan,WAN Shu.Department of Neurology,Pinghu Branchof Zhejiang Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Jiaxing 314200,China Corresponding author:WAN Shu,[Abstract]The endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)has madeepoch-making progress in the past few years.Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have become the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke(AIS).AIS-LVO caused by intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS)is common in Asia,and there is no large RCT study to confirm the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy.Because of the different pathogenesis,mechanical thrombectomy which was designed primarily for embolic occlusion,may not be an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by ICAS.Besides stent retriever thrombectomy,more complex techniques and operations such as local intra-arterial antiplatelet drugs,angioplasty,and rescue stenting are often needed in ICAS patients.On the other hand,due to the ischemic tolerance caused by chronic stenosis,the preoperative evaluation and postoperative management of these patients are different from those of CE,and the reversible ischemic tissue evaluation may be more important.Therefore,this article will summarize the progress of endovascular treatment related to AIS-LVO caused by ICAS.[Key words]Acute ischemic stroke Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosisEndovascular treatment颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄导致的急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中血管内治疗进展李玉林潘海洲高宇海陈岩万曙DOI :10.12124/j.issn.2095-3933.2021.3.2021-4389作者单位:314200嘉兴,浙江大学医学院附属浙江医院平湖分院神经内科(李玉林),神经外科(潘海洲);浙江大学医学院附属浙江医院脑科中心(高宇海、陈岩、万曙)通信作者:万曙,E-mail :万曙,教授,主任医师,硕士研究生导师。
浅谈中线导管在临床护理工作中的发展外周静脉-中线导管是经外周静脉置入的中等长度导管,适用于预计静脉治疗周期在1-4周的患者。
2011年美国输液护士协会静脉输液治疗护理实践标准推荐:所有能经外周浅静脉的药物和液体均适用于中线导管;美国2016 INS指南建议:考虑液体药物特征和预期治疗时长(例如1~4周),选择中等长度导管(MC)[1]。
1中线导管简介中线导管属于外周静脉中长导管,是经贵要静脉、头静脉、肘正中静脉或肱静脉置入上臂的导管。
导管尖端位于或靠近腋窝水平或肩下部,长度在7.5~20cm,分单腔和双腔导管。
2输液团队的资质PICC、CVC、PORT等在美国《输液治疗实践标准》中均明确要求必须由经过专业培训并获得相关资质的人员才能进行置管操作,而对于中线导管尚未有明确要求。
我国行业标准《静脉治疗护理技术操作规范》2014版中外周静脉导管(PVC)中也未涉及中线导管。
3知情同意临床进行创伤、侵入性操作前,均需对患者进行知情告知,作为外周血管的中线导管,目前多借用的是PICC的知情告知书。
因外周静脉和中心静脉在血管壁解剖、导管尖端位置、血流速度等均有区别,导管相关并发症的发生机率各有不同,有待进一步研究。
4适应范围4.1美国《输液治疗实践标准》中注明,不适宜应用中线导管的治疗包括:持续腐蚀性药物治疗;胃肠外的营养;渗透压超过900mOsm/L的补液[2],4.2美国《输液治疗实践标准》对选择中线导管应考虑到药物特性,不适宜持续输注腐蚀性药物。
在考虑治疗时间、拓宽输注药物范围的前提下,有利于中线导管的临床推广。
5临床问题5.1目前临床多选择外周静脉进行输液治疗,在使用过程中发生的并发症及非计划拔管,其原因有:医护人员选择输液工具与给药方法不合理;输液团队对输液工具的适用标准或操作规范掌握不全;临床缺乏专业的输液通道监管组织;对并发症的预防与处理不规范;输液通路的维护不规范;患者因素包括社会支持、血管、疾病、认知及配合程度等因素。
糖尿病周围神经痛研究进展糖尿病周围神经痛(Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy,DPN)是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一,严重影响患者的生活质量。
本文将综述近年来关于糖尿病周围神经痛的研究进展,以期为临床提供参考。
一、发病机制糖尿病周围神经痛的发病机制尚未完全明确,但已有多项研究显示,氧化应激、炎症反应、神经细胞凋亡等与DPN的发生密切相关。
1、氧化应激:高血糖状态下,活性氧(ROS)产生过多,超过了机体的清除能力,导致氧化应激。
ROS可直接损伤DNA和蛋白质,引起神经细胞凋亡和功能障碍。
2、炎症反应:慢性炎症在DPN的发生中扮演重要角色。
高血糖可激活炎症反应,而炎症反应反过来又可诱发氧化应激,形成恶性循环。
3、神经细胞凋亡:高血糖可诱导神经细胞凋亡,进一步导致神经纤维脱髓鞘和轴突变性。
二、诊断与评估1、诊断:糖尿病周围神经痛的诊断主要依赖于详细的病史、体格检查和神经电生理检查。
其中,神经电生理检查(如神经传导速度测定)对于诊断DPN具有重要价值。
2、评估:评估DPN的严重程度对于制定治疗方案至关重要。
评估指标包括疼痛程度、生活质量、睡眠质量等。
其中,睡眠质量评估可采用睡眠问卷调查或睡眠日记等方式进行。
三、治疗进展1、药物治疗:目前用于治疗DPN的药物主要包括抗抑郁药、抗癫痫药、抗组胺药等。
一些新型药物如针对神经痛的靶向药物也在研发中。
2、非药物治疗:非药物治疗包括物理疗法、针灸、按摩等。
这些方法在缓解DPN症状方面具有一定的疗效。
3、针对发病机制的治疗:针对DPN的发病机制,一些新型的治疗方法也在研究中。
例如,抗氧化剂和抗炎药物可能有助于缓解氧化应激和炎症反应;神经保护剂可能有助于防止神经细胞凋亡;神经营养剂可能有助于促进神经再生等。
四、展望随着对DPN发病机制的深入了解,未来的治疗策略可能会更加针对其根本原因。
在药物研发方面,针对ROS、炎症、神经细胞凋亡等关键因素的新型药物可能会为DPN的治疗带来新的希望。
㊃综述㊃基金项目:广州市科技计划项目(2014Y 2-00505和201508020004)通信作者:徐安定,E m a i l :t l i l @jn u .e d u .c n 他汀类药物联合静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中刘章佩,杨万勇,朱慧丽,程蕊容,徐安定(暨南大学附属第一医院脑血管病中心神经内科,暨南大学临床神经科学研究所,广东广州510632) 摘 要:静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(r e c o m b i n a n t t i s s u e p l a s m i n o g e na c t i v a t o r ,r t -P A )溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的效益风险比得到公认,但仍有大部分患者遗留有不同程度的残疾㊂很多学者一直在探讨静脉溶栓联合其他药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的可行性㊂本文对他汀类药物联合静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的研究进展进行综述㊂关键词:卒中;组织型纤溶酶原激活物;他汀类药物中图分类号:R 743 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004-583X (2018)05-0454-04d o i :10.3969/j.i s s n .1004-583X.2018.05.023 全球疾病负担报告(gl o b a lb u r d e no fd e s e a s e )2016中显示,脑血管病已成为全球第二位的死亡原因[1],而在中国它更是导致致死致残的首位原因[2]㊂流行病学调查研究显示,中国脑卒中年龄标准化的患病率㊁发病率以及死亡率分别为1114.8/100000,246.8/100000和114.8/100000人年,其中缺血性卒中患病率和发病率所占比例分别高达69.6%和77.8%[3]㊂急性缺血性脑卒中(a c u t ei s c h e m i cs t r o k e ,A I S)治疗的关键在于尽早开通阻塞血管㊁恢复缺血部位脑组织的血流,挽救缺血半暗带,避免缺血范围的进一步扩大㊂目前已被证实重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(r e c o m b i n a n tt i s s u e p l a s m i n o ge n a c t i v a t o r ,r t -P A )静脉溶栓治疗A I S 是早期血管再通的有效方法,国内外指南均高度推荐A I S 发病4.5小时内使用静脉r t -P A 溶栓治疗;然而我国静脉溶栓治疗A I S 患者的比例仍比较低,仅为2.4%,其中仅1.6%的患者使用了r t -P A 溶栓治疗[4]㊂虽然静脉溶栓治疗可明显降低A I S 患者的致残率,然而仍有大部分的患者(约2/3)遗留有不同程度的残疾,尤其对于合并有大血管闭塞或病情较重的患者静脉溶栓治疗效果仍不理想,其再通率不到20%[5]㊂因此,r t -P A 溶栓治疗A I S 的效果依然存在较大的优化空间㊂如何进一步增加静脉溶栓的临床效益呢?目前,国内外的很多学者一直在探索静脉溶栓联合其他药物,旨在增加溶栓疗效,使得更多患者获益㊂他汀类药物可通过抑制胆固醇合成过程中早期限速酶的活性,减少内源性胆固醇合成,从而进一步降低低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白的合成,广泛应用于A I S 的预防和治疗㊂除了其降脂作用,他汀类药物还具有改善血管内皮细胞功能㊁抗炎㊁抗血栓㊁稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块以及促进侧支循环等作用[6-7]㊂2018年美国心脏协会(A H A )和美国卒中协会(A S A )更新的急性缺血性卒中早期管理指南中,再次明确了他汀类药物在A I S 二级预防中的重要作用[8]㊂他汀类药物在脑卒中急性期神经保护作用主要与内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e n d o t h e l i a ln i t r i co x i d es yn t h a s e ,e N O S )表达上调相关,该酶上调可以改善内皮功能㊁减少血栓形成和增加组织纤溶酶原激活物的表达[9]㊂此外,既往实验性研究结果显示,他汀类药物可通过上调e N O S 的表达,进而促进血管再通,增加r t -P A 溶栓的疗效[10-11]㊂本文对他汀类药物联合静脉溶栓治疗A I S 的研究进展进行综述㊂1 A I S 静脉溶栓前使用他汀类药物王琪等[12]对12个队列研究的9237例A I S 患者进行M e t a 分析结果显示,在卒中发病前使用他汀类药物增加了静脉溶栓后A I S 患者症状性颅内出血发生的风险(P <0.01),但与溶栓后3个月的全因死亡率无关(P =0.44)㊂当以m R S ɤ2分作为3个月良好功能预后的定义时,卒中发病前使用他汀类药物与溶栓后患者良好功能预后无关(P =0.47);但当以m R Sɤ1分作为3个月良好功能预后的定义时,卒中发病前使用他汀类药物与溶栓后患者的良好功能预后呈负相关(P <0.01)㊂S e h e i t z 等[13]对2个欧洲静脉溶栓治疗注册研究的1446例A I S 患者在静脉溶栓前使用不同剂量的他汀类药物(辛伐他汀或等价其他他汀类药物,低剂量为20m g /d ,中剂量为40m g /d ,高剂量为80m g /d )治疗进行回顾性的分析,结果发现他汀类药物使用的剂量与溶栓后㊃454㊃‘临床荟萃“ 2018年5月5日第33卷第5期 C l i n i c a l F o c u s ,M a y 5,2018,V o l 33,N o .5Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.症状性颅内出血的发生率相关,高剂量他汀的使用可能会增加静脉溶栓后A I S患者3个月的死亡率以及颅内出血的发生率(P均<0.01)㊂但与不使用他汀类药物治疗的患者相比,使用低-中剂量的他汀治疗可能与3个月的良好结局相关(m R Sɤ2分,P =0.03)㊂E n g e l t e r等[14]对11个静脉溶栓数据库的4102例A I S患者进行研究分析结果显示,溶栓前使用他汀类药物的患者3个月良好临床预后比例低于不使用他汀类药物的患者(m R Sɤ1分,35.5%v s 39.7%,P=0.02)㊂但在校正了性别㊁年龄㊁血压㊁发病到使用溶栓药物的时间和卒中的严重程度后,两者之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.20),提示溶栓前使用他汀类药物与溶栓后A I S患者的临床预后无关㊂然而溶栓前使用他汀类药物增高了症状性颅内出血发生的风险(6.9%v s5.1%,O R=1.38),当校正了年龄㊁性别㊁血压㊁是否使用抗栓治疗和卒中的严重程度后,两组间的差异无统计学意义(P= 0.20),静脉溶栓治疗前使用他汀类药物不增加A I S 患者颅内出血的发生率㊂R o c c o等[15]对1066例患者进行回顾性的分析结果显示,溶栓前使用他汀类药物治疗不增加溶栓后A I S患者3个月内的死亡率(P=0.15)和症状性颅内出血的发生率(P= 0.86),也不改善溶栓后A I S患者3个月的良好功能预后(P=0.50)㊂T s i v g o u l i s等[16]对1660例A I S 患者进行回顾的分析结果显示,在1660例A I S患者中373例(23%)患者在发病前使用了他汀类药物治疗,该组患者与发病前未使用他汀类药物的患者相比其发病时病情更严重㊂当校正了潜在的混杂因素后结果显示,溶栓前使用他汀与3个月的全因死亡率(P=0.741)以及良好功能预后无关(m R Sɤ1分,P=0.364),但溶栓前使用他汀治疗可能会影响A I S患者早期的功能恢复(24小时内N H I S S评分较基线下降ȡ10分,P=0.003)㊂以上研究结果提示,发病前使用他汀类药物对溶栓后A I S患者的安全性和有效性尚有争议㊂发病前使用他汀类药物可能增加了溶栓后A I S患者症状性颅内出血和死亡的风险㊂推测发病前使用他汀类药物组的患者年龄更大,有高血压㊁糖尿病㊁既往有脑卒中或T I A病史等血管危险因素的存在,可能是该组患者溶栓后更易出现症状性颅内出血和死亡的原因,从而影响了的溶栓的疗效㊂此外,既往研究结果显示他汀类药物具有促进血管再通以及可直接作用于抗凝及抗血小板系统的作用[11,17],溶栓前使用他汀类药物增加了溶栓后A I S患者颅内出血的发生可能与该作用相关㊂2A I S静脉溶栓后早期使用他汀类药物目前,对A I S患者静脉溶栓治疗后早期使用他汀类药物治疗的研究报道还比较少㊂S T A R S (S t r o k e T r e a t m e n t W i t h A c u t e R e p e r f u s i o n a n d S i m v a s t a t i n)[18]是一项多中心㊁前瞻性㊁双盲㊁随机安慰剂对照研究,该研究的目的是探讨辛伐他汀治疗A I S的安全性和有效性,研究共纳入104例A I S患者,其中55例患者使用了r t-P A溶栓治疗㊂该研究结果显示,辛伐他汀(40m g/d)联合静脉溶栓治疗A I S似乎是安全的,可能会改善A I S患者7天时的神经功能(P=0.02),但其不影响A I S患者3个月的临床预后(m R Sɤ2分,P=0.77),且不增加颅内出血的发生(P=0.99)㊂但由于该研究的样本量较少,其结果说服力不高,该结果有待进一步研究证实㊂C a p p e l l a r i等[19]回顾性分析了来自意大利45个中心的2072例接受静脉溶栓治疗的A I S患者,该研究的目的是探讨溶栓后使用他汀药物治疗对A I S患者预后的影响㊂该研究结果发现静脉溶栓后72小时尤其在24小时内使用他汀治疗可能会改善A I S 患者的3个月的临床预后(m R Sɤ1分,P= 0.006),短期功能预后的改善与使用中-高剂量他汀(阿托伐他汀40~80m g/d)相关(7天时N H I S S 评分下降ȡ4分,P=0.032);使用他汀治疗减少了短期神经功能的恶化(7天时N H I S S评分下降ȡ4分,P<0.001),且与溶栓后A I S患者症状性颅内出血的发生无关(P=0.176)㊂在一项连续纳入了119例使用r t-P A静脉溶栓治疗的A I S患者的数据研究中显示,较大剂量的他汀(阿托伐他汀40m g/d)有产生更好的神经功能的趋势;A I S溶栓治疗后24小时内早期应用他汀是安全的,与溶栓后A I S患者症状性颅内出血的发生无关(P=0.949),且他汀的使用剂量与溶栓后症状性颅内出血无关[20]㊂C a p p e l l a r i 等[21]对178例患者的回顾性分析研究结果显示, A I S患者溶栓后24小时内予以他汀治疗与3个月的良好功能结局(m R Sɤ2分,P=0.015)以及短期的神经功能改善(24~72小时内NH I S S评分下降ȡ4分,P=0.005)相关㊂但若在卒中发病前使用了他汀治疗,发病后的24小时内继续给予他汀治疗可能会增加溶栓后A I S患者72小时内症状性颅内出血的风险(P=0.01);若在发病前未使用他汀治疗,在发病后的24小时内开始给予他汀治疗则不增加溶栓后A I S患者72小时内症状性颅内出血的风险㊂在一项随机对照研究中共纳入了85例使用r t-P A静脉溶栓治疗的A I S患者,将患者随机分为常规剂量组(阿托伐他汀,20m g/d)和高剂量组(阿托伐他汀,㊃554㊃‘临床荟萃“2018年5月5日第33卷第5期 C l i n i c a l F o c u s,M a y5,2018,V o l33,N o.5Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.40m g/d),该研究的目的是探讨不同剂量的阿托伐他汀对静脉溶栓后A I S患者的临床预后的影响㊂该研究结果显示,高剂量组与常规剂量组相比明显增加了溶栓后A I S患者3个月的良好神经功能预后(m R Sɤ2分,55.8%v s33.3%,P=0.037)[22]㊂以上研究结果提示,A I S患者溶栓后24小时内使用他汀类药物治疗可能是安全有效的,且疗效可能和使用他汀的剂量有关㊂但在卒中发病前使用了他汀类药物治疗的A I S患者,溶栓后24小时内给予他汀治疗可能会增加颅内出血的风险㊂但卒中发生前使用他汀类药物治疗并非是溶栓治疗的禁忌证,对于该类A I S患者溶栓后是否可以尽早给予他汀类药物治疗尚需大规模的随机对照试验研究去检验㊂综上所述,静脉溶栓是治疗A I S公认的有效方法,但是在临床的治疗中仍有很多需要改善的地方㊂A I S发病前使用他汀类药物对A I S静脉溶栓治疗的安全性及疗效目前尚存争议;静脉溶栓后早期给予他汀类药物治疗可能是安全有效的,且疗效可能和使用他汀的剂量有关㊂由于以上各研究组间的可比性不佳,不同研究中患者使用他汀剂量㊁他汀类药物种类以及从发病到使用他汀的时间存在差异等混杂因素的干扰可能是造成不同研究结果异质性的原因㊂另外,对于结局指标的选择不同以及对于良好功能预后的定义标准不同可能是引起结果异质性的另一重要原因㊂目前的大部分临床研究以回顾性观察研究为主,其证据级别不高,缺乏大规模的前瞻性干预性临床实验研究㊂对于他汀类药物联合静脉溶栓治疗A I S患者的安全性及有效性,有待进一步探讨㊂3展望他汀类药物具有除降脂作用以外的多效性,对于A I S患者使用r t-P A静脉溶栓后早期尽早的给予他汀类药物治疗可能会增加静脉溶栓治疗的效果,提高静脉溶栓治疗的再通率,改善A I S患者的临床功能预后㊂然而使用不同种类的他汀类药物㊁不同的药物剂量以及在溶栓后不同的时间使用他汀类药物可能都会对结果产生影响㊂为此我们设计了一项多中心的前瞻性随机对照干预性研究,即强化他汀联合静脉溶栓治疗A I S的随机对照研究(E f f e c t so f I n t e n s i v eS t a i n a n dI n t r a v e n o u s T h r o m b o l y s i so n A c u t e I s c h e m i c S t r o k e:A R a n d o m i z e d C l i n i c a l T r i a l,I N S P I R E),该研究的目的是观察接受静脉溶栓的A I S患者服用不同剂量他汀的疗效以及安全性㊂符合入选标准的A I S患者被随机分配到强化剂量组(瑞舒伐他汀,20m g,每晚1次)或常规剂量组(瑞舒伐他汀,5m g,每晚1次),连续用药14天㊂主要临床终点事件是3个月的良好功能预后(m R Sɤ1分)㊂该研究已在中国临床试验注册中心进行注册(注册号:C h i C T R-I P R-16008642)㊂目前已经完成病例入组,结果尚在统计中㊂参考文献:[1] G B D2016C a u s e so fD e a t h C o l l a b o r a t o r s.G l o b a l,r e g i o n a l,a n dn a t i o n a l a g e-s e x s p e c i f i cm o r t a l i t y f o r264c a u s e s o f d e a t h,1980-2016:as y s t e m a t i ca n a l y s i sf o rt h e G l o b a lB u r d e n o fD i s e a s eS t u d y2016[J].L a n c e t,2017,390(10100):1151-1210.[2]张润华,刘改芬,潘岳松,等.世界卒中流行趋势概况[J].中国卒中杂志,2014,9(9):768-773.[3] W a n g W,J i a n g B,S u n H,e t a l.P r e v a l e n c e,I n c i d e n c e,a n dM o r t a l i t y o f S t r o k ei n C h i n a:R e s u l t sf r o m a N a t i o n w i d eP o p u l a t i o n-B a s e dS u r v e y o f480687A d u l t s[J].C i r c u l a t i o n, 2017,135(8):759-771.[4]中国卒中学会科学声明专家组.急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓中国卒中学会科学声明[J].中国卒中杂志,2017,12(3):267-284.[5] A s a d iH,D o w l i n g R,Y a nB,e t a l.A d v a n c e s i n e n d o v a s c u l a rt r e a t m e n t o f a c u t e i s c h a e m i c s t r o k e[J].I n t e r n M e dJ,2015, 45(8):798-805.[6]中国卒中学会脑血流与代谢分会.缺血性卒中脑侧支循环评估与干预中国指南(2017)[J].中华内科杂志,2017,56(6): 460-471.[7]田浩,孙鑫,田野.他汀类药物临床多效性研究进展[J].医学综述,2017,23(15):3056-3061.[8] P o w e r s W J,R a b i n s t e i n A A,A c k e r s o n T,e t a l.2018G u i d e l i n e s f o r t h eE a r l y M a n a g e m e n to fP a t i e n t s W i t h A c u t eI s c h e m i cS t r o k e:A G u i d e l i n ef o r H e a l t h c a r e P r o f e s s i o n a l sF r o m t h e A m e r i c a n H e a r t A s s o c i a t i o n/A m e r i c a n S t r o k eA s s o c i a t i o n[J].S t r o k e,2018,49(3):e46-46e110.[9]J a u c hE C,S a v e rJ L,A d a m s H P,e ta l.G u i d e l i n e sf o rt h ee a r l y m a n a g e m e n tof p a t i e n t s w i t ha c u t ei s c h e m i cs t r o k e:ag u i d e l i n e f o r h e a l t h c a r e p r o f e s s i o n a l s f r o mt h eA m e r i c a nH e a r tA s s o c i a t i o n/A m e r i c a nS t r o k e A s s o c i a t i o n[J].S t r o k e,2013,44(3):870-947.[10] Z h a n g L,Z h a n g Z G,D i n g G L,e t a l.M u l t i t a r g e t e d e f f e c t s o fs t a t i n-e n h a n c e d t h r o m b o l y t i c t h e r a p y f o r s t r o k e w i t hr e c o m b i n a n th u m a nt i s s u e-t y p e p l a s m i n o g e na c t i v a t o ri nt h e r a t[J].C i r c u l a t i o n,2005,112(22):3486-3494. 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孙巧松,温清艳,李广生,等.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死静脉溶栓后患者预后及症状性出血的比较研究[J ].中国医学创新,2017,14(18):1-5.收稿日期:2018-01-25 编辑:张卫国㊃064㊃‘临床荟萃“ 2018年5月5日第33卷第5期 C l i n i c a l F o c u s ,M a y 5,2018,V o l 33,N o .5Copyright ©博看网. 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序言β-榄香烯属国家二类非细胞毒性抗肿瘤新药,临床研究证实其对包括脑胶质瘤在内的多种肿瘤疗效确切,且无其他传统化疗药常有的骨髓抑制、肝肾功能损害等毒副作用。
但目前临床应用的榄香烯乳注射液因其存在静脉炎发生率很高、剂型性质不稳定等缺点,其进一步的应用受到了较大的限制。
碱基切除修复抑制剂甲氧胺(Methoxyamine),可通过裂解核酸内切酶破坏DNA碱基切除修复过程,从而抑制肿瘤细胞对损伤作用的修复反应。
据此,可认为抑制DNA 碱基切除修复可能是增强肿瘤细胞化疗敏感性的潜在靶点,目前多项实验报道也已证实了甲氧胺可增强烷化剂和放疗的抗肿瘤效果。
近年来,通过纳米技术构建的纳米脂质体在提高药物溶解度、增加药物稳定性、降低药物副作用、缓控释给药等方面较普通的脂质体有了显著的提高。
研究表明,纳米脂质体对正常细胞和组织无损伤作用,并可长时间吸附于靶细胞周围,因此使药物能充分向靶组织渗透,也可以通过静电吸附效应与细胞膜接触而融合而进入细胞内。
因此将药物包封于纳米脂质体被认为可以改变被包封药物的体内分布,提高药物治疗指数,降低药物毒性。
基于增强β-榄香烯的疗效,减少毒副作用的目的,本课题研究内容分两部分:(一)联合碱基切除修复抑制剂甲氧胺,探讨是否在体内外抗瘤活性上具有协同作用,以期减少榄香烯用量,降低毒副反应,为其在临床的应用提供实验和理论依据。
(二)、利用纳米脂质体技术构建新型的β-榄香烯-纳米脂质体药物传递系统,初步探讨其体外抗瘤活性。
II碱基切除修复抑制剂甲氧胺联合β-榄香烯治疗恶性脑胶质瘤的实验研究中文摘要胶质瘤是成人神经系统最常见的原发性肿瘤,手术全切除率很低,复发率高,当前多种治疗效果仍不理想。
榄香烯属国家二类非细胞毒性抗肿瘤新药,临床研究发现其对多种肿瘤疗效确切,而且还具有提高和改善机体免疫功能,与放化疗协同作用等独特效果。
但是肿瘤细胞具有强大的DNA损伤修复机制,会对化疗药物产生抗性。
因此抑制这种内在的DNA修复过程,如碱基切除修复抑制剂甲氧胺的联合应用有利于提高化疗药物的抗瘤效果。
中国急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓指导规范(2021版本)中国急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓指导规范目录一、溶栓相关公众教育二、院前急救体系建立三、院前处理四、急诊室诊断及处理(一)诊断(二)溶栓相关处理五、静脉溶栓(一)现有证据(二)推荐意见(三)rt-PA的使用方法(四)尿激酶的使用方法(五)静脉溶栓的监护及处理推荐意见(六)一些特殊状况下溶栓治疗的参考建议急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemia stroke,AIS)的发病率、致残率、复发率和病死率均高,严重影响人类健康和生活。
目前超早期静脉溶栓是改善急性缺血性脑卒中结局最有效的药物治疗手段之一,已被我国和许多国家指南推荐,但目前急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓治疗的比例仍然很低。
近期研究显示,仅约20.0%的患者于发病3小时之内到达急诊室,12.6%的患者适合溶栓治疗,只有2.4%的患者进行了溶栓治疗,其中使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗为1.6%。
开展急性缺血性脑卒中超早期溶栓治疗的一个主要难点是,大多数患者没有及时送达医院或存在各种原因的院内延迟。
为使更多急性缺血性脑卒中患者获得溶栓治疗并从中受益,美国等西方发达国家已普遍进行相应的医疗救治体系改革,包括完善院外医疗急救转运网络,组建院内脑卒中快速抢救小组,开通急诊“绿色通道”,建立卒中中心和卒中中心的认证体系等措施,其核心就是要让公众都知道“脑卒中是急症”,脑卒中发生后应尽快送达有能力进行脑卒中溶栓治疗的医院,并获得规范性溶栓治疗。
为进一步规范国内AIS静脉溶栓,提高急性缺血性脑卒中的救治率,国家卫生健康委脑卒中防治工程委员会特组织全国脑血管病权威专家制定了本静脉溶栓指导规范。
一、溶栓相关公众教育为使急性缺血性脑卒中患者获得及时救治,首先应能够识别脑卒中的发生。
根据加利福尼亚州急性卒中登记(California Acute Stroke Pilot Registry,CASPR)报告,若所有患者能在发病后早期就诊,则3小时内溶栓治疗的总体比例可由4.3%上升至28.6%,因此开展更多的以教育脑卒中患者更早寻求治疗的宣传活动是必要的。
侧支循环与缺血性脑卒中马小桐;杨林林;乾嘉欣;张强【摘要】缺血性脑卒中是指由于向脑组织供应血流的动脉狭窄或闭塞,导致梗死血管责任区域脑组织供血不足、严重者导致脑组织坏死的一类疾病.侧支循环是缺血性卒中的重要影响因素,与患者预后密切相关,充分认识侧支循环对缺血性卒中患者的临床管理具有重要意义.本文即对急性缺血性脑卒中后侧支循环的定义、作用、临床意义、评估方法、分级、开放的影响因素及促进侧支循环开放的措施进行综述.【期刊名称】《神经损伤与功能重建》【年(卷),期】2018(013)012【总页数】3页(P630-632)【关键词】缺血;卒中;侧支循环;综述【作者】马小桐;杨林林;乾嘉欣;张强【作者单位】华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科武汉430030;南华大学附属第二医院神经内科湖南衡阳421001;南华大学附属第二医院神经内科湖南衡阳421001;华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科武汉430030【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R741;R741.02;R743急性缺血性脑卒中具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率的特点,近年来发病率逐渐升高[1,2]。
侧支循环与缺血性卒中患者的预后密切相关。
1 侧支循环的定义侧支循环是指沟通临近大血管的分支血管,包括动脉间原有的分支血管网和新生形成的小动脉吻合。
在缺血性脑卒中时,大脑供血动脉发生狭窄或闭塞,血流通过侧枝循环供应到脑缺血区域,使缺血脑组织获得不同程度的灌注代偿[3]。
通常依据开放血管及代偿程度的差别,将侧支循环分为3级,一级侧支循环指通过脑底Willis环的血流代偿;二级侧支循环为眼动脉、软脑膜动脉及其他小的侧支和吻合支之间实现的血流代偿;三级侧支循环为新生血管提供的血流代偿[4]。
2 侧支循环的作用及临床意义一级侧支循环是脑缺血时最主要的侧支循环代偿途径,Willis环由两侧大脑前动脉起始段、颈内动脉末端、大脑后动脉及前、后交通动脉连接组成。
基金项目:江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20181240);江苏省医学重点人才培养(ZDRCA2016094)作者单位:211166南京医科大学金陵临床医学院(东部战区总医院)神经外科通信作者:张鑫,Email:zhangxsp@163.com ·综述·大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄支架置入术后高灌注脑出血的研究进展袁斌张鑫吴琪文立利尤宗琦徐伟东陈姝娟邓金龙摘要:大脑中动脉(MCA)是颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的常见部位,血管内治疗是MCA狭窄患者的治疗方式之一,但术后高灌注综合征(HPS)及高灌注脑出血(HICH)是严重的并发症,且与不良预后相关。
HICH的发生离不开HPS的病理生理学基础,脑血管自身调节机制受损、血-脑屏障结构受损以及一氧化氮和氧自由基的作用均可能参与了HICH的发生、发展。
结合HPS影像学征象有助于HICH的诊断。
虽然采用预测HPS的方法评估HICH的发生风险有局限性,但通过预测并防治HPS,有助于避免其进展为HICH。
未来尚需更多的研究以获得循证医学证据。
关键词:大脑中动脉;狭窄;血液灌注;颅内出血;综述doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5921.2019.03.010Advances on hyperperfusion-associated cerebral hemorrhage after stenting for middle cerebral artery stenosis Yuan Bin,Zhang Xin,Wu Qi,Wen Lili,You Zongqi,Xu Weidong,Chen Shujuan,Deng Jinlong.Department of Neurosurgery,Jinling Hospital,Jinling School of Clinical Medicine,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing211166,ChinaCorresponding author:Zhang Xin,Email:zhangxsp@163.comAbstract:Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is commonly seen in middle cerebral artery(MCA).Endovascular treatment is one of the therapeutic strategies for MCA stenosis,with postoperative hyperperfusion syndrome(HPS)and hyperperfusion-associated intracranial hemorrhage(HICH)as its serious complications which are associated with poor prognosis.The occurrence of HICH can be understood from the pathophysiology of HPS.Impaired cerebral vascular autoregulation,damaged blood-brain barrier and the effects of nitric oxide and oxygen free radicals may be involved in the occurrence and development of bining HPS imaging features is helpful for the diagnosis of HICH.Despite using predictors of HPS to evaluate the risk of HICH has some limitations,it still can help to prevent HICH.In the future,further research is needed to obtain sufficient evidence.Key words:Middle cerebral artery;Stenosis;Hemoperfusion;Intracranial hemorrhages;Review颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是缺血性卒中发生的重要原因,其中大脑中动脉(MCA)是常见的狭窄部位[1],MCA狭窄相关的缺血性卒中在中国人群中常见[2-5]。
Efficacy of endovascular therapy for femoral-popliteal arterial occlusive and impact factors of primary patency rateQUAN Jianjun1,2, LU Xiang2, LIN Yuhao1, YANG Lin1*(1.Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University,Xi’an 710061, China;2.Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, HanzhongCentral Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China)[Abstract]Objective To observe the efficacy of endovascular therapy for femoral-popliteal artery occlusion and the impact factors of primary patency rate 24 months after treatment.Methods Data of 87 patients with femoral-popliteal artery occlusion who underwent endovascular therapy were retrospectively analyzed.The technical success rate of endovascular therapy,postoperative complications and recovery were observed.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to calculate the primary patency rate, primary auxiliary patency rate and the secondary patency rate 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment. COX regression model was used to screen the impact factors of primary patency rate 24 months after treatment.Results Totally 92 lower limbs with femoral-popliteal artery occlusion in 87 patients were successfully treated,and the technical success rate was 100% (92/92).Perioperative complications were observed in 5 cases (5/87,5.75%),while amputation or death occurred in 3 (3/87,3.45%)and 6 (6/87,6.90%)cases during follow-up period,respectively.Significant differences of ankle brachial index, intermittent claudication, Rutherford classification and pain score of numeric rating scale were found between the day before and 1 month after endovascular therapy (all P<0.001).The primary patency rate at 6, 12 and 24 months after endovascular therapy was 89.13% (82/92), 78.26% (72/92) and 47.83% (44/ 92),the primary auxiliary patency rate was 91.30% (84/92),80.43% (74/92)and 55.43% (51/92),while the secondary patency rate was 93.48% (86/92),84.78% (78/92)and 58.70% (54/92),respectively.Directional atherectomy (HR=0.35,95%CI [0.18,0.66],P<0.05)and runoff-subknee-vessels≥2 (HR=0.36,95%CI [0.15,0.86],P<0.05)were protective factors,whereas superficial femoral artery (SFA),whole popliteal artery involvement(HR=2.23, 95%CI [1.07,4.65],P<0.05) and occlusion lesion length ≥15 cm (HR=2.40, 95%CI [1.12,5.12],P<0.05) were all independent risk factors of primary patency rate within 24 months after endovascular therapy of femoral-popliteal artery occlusion.Conclusion Endovascular therapy of femoral-popliteal artery occlusion was effective.Directional atherectomy and runoff-subknee-vessels≥2 were protective factors,whereas SFA and popliteal artery involvement as well as occlusion lesion length ≥15 cm were independent risk factors of primary patency rate within 24 months.[Keywords]femoral artery; popliteal artery; arteriosclerosis obliterans; angioplasty, balloonDOI:10.13929/j.issn.1672-8475.2023.11.007腔内治疗股腘动脉闭塞症效果及一期通畅率影响因素权建军1,2,卢翔2,蔺宇浩1,杨林1*(1.西安交通大学医学部第一附属医院血管外科,陕西西安 710061;2.汉中市中心医院介入与血管外科,陕西汉中 723000)[基金项目]汉中市中心医院院级科研基金(YK2307)。
NICU持续质量改进对超低出生体重儿存活率及出院前主要并发症发生率的影响孙敏,房军臣,冯丽娟,孙贺芳,许杏普,马莉,夏耀方,范丽莉河北省儿童医院新生儿科,石家庄050031摘要:目的 评价新生儿重症监护室(NICU)持续质量改进对超低出生体重儿(ELBWI)存活率及出院前主要并发症发生率的影响。
方法 选取日龄在7天内的ELBWI病例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,以2016年在循证医学证据指导下实施持续质量改进措施为界,将纳入病例分为前5年组(2011年1月—2015年12月)和后5年组(2016年1月—2020年12月),分析实施持续质量改进对ELBWI预后的影响。
结果 连续10年NICU收治ELBWI共106例,出生体质量895.0(777.5,950.0)g,胎龄27.2(26.0,28.3)周;新生儿急性生理学评分围生期补充Ⅱ(SNAPPE-Ⅱ)评分41(25,52)分。
前5年组54例,后5年组52例。
与前5年组相比,后5年组所收治的ELBWI出生体质量更低、SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分更高(P均<0.05)。
后5年组与前5年组相比,肺表面活性剂(PS)、咖啡因应用比例升高(P均<0.05)。
存活患儿中,后5年组插管机械通气及抗生素使用时间缩短(P均<0.05)。
106例患儿共存活58例,总存活率54.7%,存活率由前5年的33.3%上升至后5年的76.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);106例患儿共死亡48例,其中35例系放弃治疗后死亡,占死亡患儿的79.2%。
前5年组放弃后死亡30例(55.6%),后5年组仅5例(9.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
ELBWI主要并发症发生率依次为支气管肺发育不良(BPD)73.4%、脑室内出血(IVH)57.6%、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)51.6%、院内感染(NI)35.8%、坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)13.5%。
中国医学科学院学报ACTAACADEMIAEMEDICINAESINICAE256 ()*+#,'-%.·综 述·股 段下肢动脉硬化闭塞症:载药腔内治疗的循证医学证据张 锐,来志超,刘昌伟中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院血管外科,北京100730通信作者:刘昌伟 电话:010 69152500,电子邮件:liucw@vip sina com摘要:随着生活水平的提高以及老龄化的加剧,动脉粥样硬化相关疾病的危害日益凸显。
目前,全球约有2亿人因下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的困扰而影响了正常的生活,甚至威胁生命。
从上世纪40年代至今的短短70余年里,ASO手术治疗及腔内治疗经历快速发展,其中腔内治疗的方式也逐渐从单纯球囊扩张及金属裸支架置入发展到药物涂层球囊、药物洗脱支架等一系列新技术上,但目前新技术、新器材在ASO股 段病变的实际临床效果、适应证等仍在探索之中。
本文就现有的ASO股 段病变载药腔内治疗手段的相关循证医学证据进行阐述。
关键词:下肢动脉硬化闭塞症;股 段病变;药物涂层球囊;药物洗脱支架中图分类号:R654 3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000 503X(2019)02 0256 05DOI:10 3881/j issn 1000 503X 10849Femoral poplitealArteriosclerosisObliterans:ReviewofEvidence basedStudiesonDrug elutingEndovascularTreatmentZHANGRui,LAIZhichao,LIUChangweiDepartmentofVascularSurgery,PUMCHospital,CAMSandPUMC,Beijing100730,ChinaCorrespondingauthor:LIUChangwei Tel:010 69152500,E mail:liucw@vip sina comABSTRACT:Atherosclerosis relateddiseaseshaveincreasinglybecomehealthconcernswiththeincreasedlivingconditionsandaging Globally,about200millionpeoplehavesufferedfromarteriosclerosisobliterans(ASO),whichcanevenbelife threateninginsomecases ThepastsevendecadeshavewitnessedtherapidadvancesinthetreatmentofASO,whichhasdevelopedfromsurgerytoendovascularinterventionsincludingplainballoonangio plasty,baremetalstentplacement,drug coatedballoon,anddrug elutingstent However,therolesofthesenewtechniquesforfemoral popliteallesions,especiallytheirreal worldclinicaloutcomesandindications,remainunclear Thisarticlereviewsthelatestevidencesontheuseofdrug elutingdevicesintreatingfemoral pop litealarteriosclerosisobliteransKeywords:arteriosclerosisobliterans;femoral popliteallesion;drug coatedballoon;drug elutingstentActaAcadMedSin,2019,41(2):256 260下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosisobliterans,ASO)是全身性动脉粥样硬化在下肢血管范围的具体表现,包括动脉内膜增厚、动脉管腔狭窄乃至闭塞,从而影响下肢远端血供,并引发一系列症状。
单纯球囊扩张与联合药物涂层支架置入治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病的效果比较吴中俭;谷涌泉;齐立行;郭连瑞;崔世军;李建新;杨盛家;佟铸【摘要】Objective To compare and analyze the efficacy of balloon dilatation alone and combination with drug eluting stent implantation in the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease.Methods The clinical data of 126 patients (139 limbs) with infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease and underwent the endovascular treatment from March to 2013 and October 2015 in Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.All the cases received balloon dilatation therapy at first,and 32 limbs among them received the drug-eluting stent implantation in infrapopliteal artery.After the surgery,the improvement of symptoms,the change of ankle brachial indexes,changes of vascular ultrasonic images,the limb salvage rate and recent patency rate and so on were observed.Results 8 patients (10 limbs) failed,and the ankle brachial index (ABI) of successful cases increased from before surgery (0.39±0.13) to 3 days after the surgery (0.82±0.16) (P < 0.05).Overall infrapopliteal arterial patency rate 6 months after the operation was 83.5%(101/121),and 12 months after operation was 69.5% (57/82),the patency rates of those with balloon dilatation alone were 83.3% (75/90) and 71.0%(44/62) respectively,the patency rates of those with stent implantation were 83.9% (26/31) and 65.0% (13/20) respectively,there were no statistical difference in efficacy between balloon dilation alone and stentimplantation 6 months and 12 months after operation (P >0.05).Conclusion Both endovascular interventional therapy with drug eluting stent implantation and balloon dilatation alone can be used to treat infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease and they are with similar short-term efficacy.If there are severe complications that affect the blood flow in the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial disease,stent implantation should be considered to improve limb blood flow,avoid the complications and improve the limb salvage rate.%目的对比分析单纯球囊扩张与联合药物涂层支架置人治疗膝下动脉闭塞性病变的效果.方法回顾性分析2013年3月~2015年10月首都医科大学宣武医院收治的126例(139条肢体)行腔内治疗的膝下动脉闭塞性疾病患者的临床资料.所有病变均先行球囊扩张治疗,其中32条肢体在膝下动脉内增加了药物涂层支架置入治疗,术后观察患者症状的改善,踝肱指数的变化,血管超声下的影像学改变,保肢率以及近期通畅率等.结果 8例(10条肢体)手术失败,成功者踝肱指数(ABI)由术前的(0.39±0.13)提高至术后3d的(0.82±0.16)(P<o.05).总体的膝下动脉血流通畅率在术后6个月为83.5%(101/121),术后12个月为69.5%(57/82),其中单纯行球囊扩张术的通畅率分别为83.3%(75/90)和71.0%(44/62),行支架置入术的通畅率分别为83.9%(26/31)和65.0%(13/20),单纯行球囊扩张与行支架置入术后的疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论伴有药物涂层支架置入的腔内介入治疗与单纯球囊扩张均可应用于治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病,两者的短期疗效是相近的.在治疗膝下动脉病变过程中若有严重的影响血流的并发症时还应考虑行支架置入,以改善患肢血运,避免并发症,提高保肢率.【期刊名称】《中国医药导报》【年(卷),期】2017(014)022【总页数】3页(P66-68)【关键词】腔内介入治疗;膝下动脉;支架置入;球囊扩张【作者】吴中俭;谷涌泉;齐立行;郭连瑞;崔世军;李建新;杨盛家;佟铸【作者单位】首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053;首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053;首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053;首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053;首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053;首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053;首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053;首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科首都医科大学血管外科研究所,北京100053【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R542.22近年来我国下肢动脉硬化闭塞症累及膝下的患者逐年增加,对其保守治疗效果不佳[1-2],介入治疗要优于保守治疗[3-6],并较旁路移植治疗并发症少[7],现普遍认为经皮腔内血管成形术在膝下动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗中疗效安全、确切[8],而药物涂层冠脉支架置入在球扩不理想或球扩后出现动脉夹层等并发症的情况下逐渐得到较多应用。
《血管与腔内血管外科杂志》2021年3月第7卷第2期Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Vol.7, No.2, Mar 2021腹主动脉瘤的药物治疗进展丁勇周旻李旭王永刚周振宇谢天晨史振宇复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科,上海200032摘要:腹主动脉瘤(AAA)是引起节段性主动脉扩张的常见疾病。
随着中国人口老龄化的进一步加重,AAA的患病人数也明显增多。
目前临床上没有能够有效抑制AAA进展的药物。
由于AAA的发病机制较为复杂,因而针对AAA的药物干预靶点也种类繁多。
本文主要总结了他汀类药物、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)/血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)、β受体阻滞剂、非甾体类抗炎药、抗生素类及其他类药物对AAA的疗效,其中仅他汀类药物对AAA的作用相对明确,而其余药物对AAA的作用目前均没有强有力的证据支持,仍然需要后续研究进一步探讨。
关键词:腹主动脉瘤;药物治疗;动脉瘤扩张速率中图分类号:R543 文献标志码:A doi: 10.19418/ki.issn2096-0646.2021.02.14Advances of drug therapy in abdominal aortic aneurysmDing Y ong Zhou Min Li Xu Wang Y onggang Zhou Zhenyu Xie Tianchen Shi ZhenyuDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China Abstract: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease that causes segmental aortic dilatation. With the continuous aggravation of the aging Chinese population, the number of patients suffering from AAA has dramatically increased. No drug therapy could effectively inhibit the progress of AAA in clinical settings at present. The pathophysiology of AAA is relatively complicated, and plenty of potential pharmacological targets were identified and studied. This article mainly summarizes statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) / angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), β-receptor blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and other types of medications on AAA. Among them, only statins have a relatively clear effect on AAA, and the other medicines currently have no robust evidence to support them. Follow-up studies still need to be further explored.Key words: abdominal aortic aneurysm; drug therapy; aneurysm expansion rate腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)是引起主动脉节段性扩张和破裂的常见疾病。
PerspectiveAdvances in endovascular therapy for ischemic cerebrovasculardiseasesJun Lu,Daming Wang *Department of Neurosurgery,Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,Beijing 100730,ChinaReceived 24October 2016Available online 30November 2016AbstractEndovascular therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases has developed rapidly in recent years.The latest clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke have shown promising results with the continued advancement of concepts,techniques,and materials.Mechanical thrombectomy is recommended in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation,according to the guidelines updated in Europe,USA,and China.The long-term therapeutic efficacy of endovascular stenting for carotid artery stenosis has also been proved noninferior to that of carotid endarterectomy.However,the latest clinical trials have shown that the efficacy of stenting for intracranial artery and vertebral artery stenosis is inferior to that of medical treatment alone,which needs urgent attention through further development and studies.©2016Chinese Medical Association.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V .on behalf of KeAi Communications Co.,Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Keywords:Ischemic cerebrovascular diseases;Interventional surgery;ProgressIntroductionIschemic cerebrovascular disease is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world that not only cause physical and emotional pain in the patients but also inflict a great financial burden on their families and the society.Endovascular treatment ofischemic cerebrovascular diseases has progressed greatly in recent years.The efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS)caused by intracranial large vessel occlusions has been proved superior to that of medical treatment alone.The former is considered a milestone in the development of interventional therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and is now recommended in most treatment guidelines.Additionally,the long-term efficacy of stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis has been proved noninferior to that of carotid endarterectomy.However,the latest clinical trials of endovascular stenting of intracranial artery and vertebral artery ste-noses have not yet yielded positive results,and suffi-cient evidence of their efficacy is still lacking.Here,the authors outline the major advances in*Corresponding author.Fax:þ861065237928.E-mail address:daming2000@ (D.Wang).Peer review under responsibility of Chinese Medical AssociationProduction./10.1016/j.cdtm.2016.11.0052095-882X/©2016Chinese Medical Association.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V .on behalf of KeAi Communications Co.,Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Available online at ScienceDirectChronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2(2016)135e139/en/journals/cdtm/interventional therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases in addition to some urgent issues raised in recent years.Endovascular therapy of AISEndovascular therapy of AIS has undoubtedly achieved a landmark progress in2015.The results of five new randomized controlled trials(RCTs),such as the multicenter randomized clinical trial of endovas-cular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands(MR CLEAN),have been reported,which indicate that mechanical thrombectomy is signifi-cantly superior to intravenous thrombolysis(IVT)in patients with AIS.1e5Compared to the three previous RCTs,such as the IMS(Interventional Management of Stroke)III trial that obtained negative results,the positive results of thefive new RCTs reported in2015 were probably owing to the following factors:(1) large artery occlusions of the anterior circulation that were confirmed by computed tomography angiog-raphy(CTA)or magnetic resonance angiography;(2) the use of newer generation of thrombectomy devices, including the stent retriever,thrombus aspiration de-vice,etc.,that have a significantly improved ability to retrieve the thrombus with a significantly lesser time required to obtain successful recanalization;and(3) the exclusion of patients with large infarct volume.A meta-analysis of the three RCTs published in2013 and thefive subsequent RCTs showed that compared to medical treatment,mechanical thrombectomy was associated with a higher revascularization rate in pa-tients with AIS and did not increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or all-cause mortality rates at90days.6Therefore,several Euro-pean and American professional associations and so-cieties have published or updated the consensus and guidelines,which now clearly recommend mechanical thrombectomy(level of evidence I)for all patients with AIS caused by large artery occlusions of the anterior circulation who meet the indications. Although IVT is still needed,the interventional ther-apy should be performed as soon as possible(level of evidence I).It is not necessary and also not recom-mended to monitor the response of patients to IVT before the administration of interventional therapy.7,8 On the other hand,the Chinese Society of Neurology(CSN)of the Chinese Medical Association (CMA)and the Chinese Stroke Association also published guidelines that recommend mechanical thrombectomy as the interventional therapy in patients with AIS caused by large artery occlusions of the anterior circulation within6hours of the onset of symptoms.9,10Recently,studies that reported thefive RCTs in2015further include a meta-analysis of the pooled data from these studies.The results showed that interventional embolectomy therapy is effective in most patients with AIS caused by proximal occlu-sion of large arteries in the anterior circulation, regardless of their age,the severity of preprocedural stroke,and whether they have undergone IVT.11Based on the abovefindings,it is expected that the treatment of AIS is about to be revolutionized.Certainly,numerous issues related to interventional therapy in AIS remain controversial,as current studies have inconsistentfindings and lack a thematic approach.For example,there is still a lack of consensus on whether imaging is needed to guide the selection of patients with AIS who are eligible for interventional thrombectomy,whether to select the widely applied and rapid CT scans for Alberta Stroke Program Early CT(ASPECT)score or multiphase CTA,or to select CT perfusion and/or MRI that are more sensitive but relatively time-consuming.12Be-sides,these studies differently suggest whether IVT must be administered in primary-care hospitals before the patients are transferred to comprehensive stroke centers capable of conducting interventional therapy, or if the patients should directly be transferred to su-perior hospitals for an earlier interventional therapy. While some studies suggest that bridging IVT is beneficial to patients who undergo interventional thrombectomy,13other studies show that bridging thrombolysis is not an independent predictor of favorable clinical outcomes,and there is no significant difference in the complication rates between patients with and without bridging thrombolysis.14In addition, several issues need to be addressed,such as the choice of local anesthesia or general anesthesia during the surgery,the choice of stent thrombectomy or aspiration thrombectomy or a combination of the two methods, and whether patients with acute large artery occlusions of the posterior circulation or those beyond the rec-ommended time window can also benefit from endo-vascular therapy.Endovascular therapy of extracranial carotid stenosisFor symptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis,high-risk surgical patients have been proven to benefit from the carotid artery stenting(CAS);however,whether CAS or carotid endarterectomy(CEA)is more suitable for non-high-risk surgical patients is still unknown.136J.Lu,D.Wang/Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine2(2016)135e139The International Carotid Stenting Study(ICSS)in Europe is an RCT that include the largest number of cases;the long-term follow-up results reported in2015 suggest that there is no significant difference in the long-term functional outcome and the risks of fatal or disabling stroke and restenosis between patients who underwent CAS and those who underwent CEA.15In 2016,another RCT called Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial(CREST)carried out in USA and Canada also reported results of over10 years of follow-up,which indicated that there was no significant difference in the incidences of periproce-dural stroke,myocardial infarction or death,and postprocedural recurrent ipsilateral stroke between patients in the CAS and CEA groups.16However,evidence is still lacking on whether to administer standard medical therapy,CAS,or CEA for asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis.Asymp-tomatic Carotid Trial(ACT)I is an RCT that compare the efficacy of CAS and CEA in non-high-risk surgical patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.The re-sults showed that CAS is noninferior to CEA in its incidence of composite endpoints after1year post-surgery.However,there was no significant difference in the rates of non-procedure-related stroke,all strokes, and survival,between the two groups.17The recent Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-2(ACST-2)is an RCT that includes the highest number of cases at present,to directly compare the efficacies of CAS and CEA.Its interim results showed that the30-day mor-tality and major morbidity in patients with asymp-tomatic carotid stenosis were only1%after surgical treatments(CAS or CEA),although thefindings regarding the comparison of CAS and CEA were not reported.18In addition,there are three other RCTs currently being conducted in Europe and USA,and are still recruiting patients to directly compare the effi-cacies of CAS/CEA and medical therapy in asymp-tomatic carotid stenosis and indirectly compare the efficacies of CEA and CAS.Endovascular therapy of intracranial artery stenosisFor intracranial artery stenosis,the extended follow-up results of the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis(SAMMPRIS)trial showed that the efficacy of medical treatment alone is still superior to that of stenting.19Meanwhile,another RCT called VISSIT(Vitesse Intracranial Stent Study for Ischemic Therapy)that compared the efficacy of stenting and medical treatment,has also been termi-nated in advance.In contrast to the Wingspan self-expanding stent used by the SAMMPRIS trial,the VISSIT study used the Vitesse balloon-expandable stent;however,its results published in2015were inadequate:the30-day all-cause mortality and1-year stroke or transient cerebral ischemic attack rate in patients of the stent group were significantly higher than those in patients of the medical group.Obviously, the relatively low success rate of stenting in the study has influenced the representativeness and persuasive-ness of its results to a certain extent.20Despite these disappointing outcomes,another post-marketing sur-veillance study,Wingspan Stent System Postmarket Surveillance Study(WEAVE),has promising pre-liminary results that showed that the periprocedural complication rates of the Wingspan stent in the treat-ment of intracranial artery stenosis was only4.4% under a narrowed indication.21Simultaneously,the results of a multicenter registry study in China also showed that the primary endpoint event rate(stroke, transient ischemic attack,or death)within30days of stenting in patients with severe symptomatic intra-cranial atherosclerotic stenosis with poor collateral compensation was only4.3%.22In another prospective multicenter registry study conducted in China,the incidence of stroke or mortality rate at30days following intracranial stent placement were only2%.23 Currently,there is another important prospective multicenter RCT,China Angioplasty and Stenting for Symptomatic Intracranial Severe Stenosis(CASSISS), which is still recruiting patients to compare the effi-cacies of stenting and medical treatment in intracranial severe stenosis.24Since the SAMMPRIS trial mainly focused on Western populations while intracranial artery stenosis has an especially high incidence among Eastern populations,the results of the CASSISS study are noteworthy.Therefore,we believe that the selec-tion of patients who may benefit from the interven-tional therapy for intracranial artery stenosis should be studied in future.However,since stenting has a higher complication rate,some physicians attempted to improve the current technique through the use of the balloon alone to perform a submaximal or undersized inflation,or the use of the balloon in combination with the closed-cell Enterprise stent(beyond indication).The preliminary results indicate that it is associated with lower peri-procedural complications,in-stent restenosis,and recurrent stroke rates during short-term follow-up.25,26 Its efficacy still requires confirmation through further large-scale controlled studies.137J.Lu,D.Wang/Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine2(2016)135e139Endovascular therapy of vertebral artery stenosis The number of patients subjected to stenting for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis has gradually increased in recent years;however,thematic studies determining whether it has superior efficacy to that of medical therapy are still very rare.Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial(V AST)is an RCT that has currently recruited the highest number of patients to compare stenting and medical treatment for symp-tomatic vertebral artery stenosis;its results indicate that stenting is not better than medical treatment with respect to the periprocedural complication rate and the 3-year incidence of recurrent vertebrobasilar stroke.27 It should be noted that all the periprocedural stroke complications in the stent group of this study occurred in patients with intracranial vertebral artery stenosis. Another recent meta-analysis that compare the effi-cacies of medical treatment and interventional therapy in patients with intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis, also performed a subgroup analysis that only included patients with intracranial vertebral artery stenosis;the results indicate that the interventional therapy is probably more advantageous.28In addition,since some recent studies have shown that patients with symp-tomatic intracranial vertebral artery stenosis have a higher risk of posterior circulation ischemia than pa-tients with extracranial vertebral artery stenosis,we believe that future clinical trials will focus on inter-ventional therapy for patients with symptomatic intracranial vertebral artery stenosis.References1.Berkhemer OA,Fransen PS,Beumer D,et al.A randomized trialof intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke.N Engl J Med.2015;372:11e20.2.Campbell BC,Mitchell PJ,Kleinig TJ,et al.Endovasculartherapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection.N 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