2[1]. Exports-Imports

The information in this document is provided as a guide only and is not professional advice, including legal advice. It should not be assumed that the guidance is comprehensive or that it provides aIMPORTS / EXPORTSAdditional InformationISO Alpha 2 Country CodesImports and Exports:SAD Box 2/1, SAD Box 8/1, SAD Box 14/2,SAD Box 15a, SAD Box 17a, SAD Box 21/2,SAD Box 31/3, SAD Box 34a, SAD Box 49.PART AISO Alpha 2 Country CodesSummary of Changes (since published guide May 2007)Codes AddedBL – Saint BarthelemyBQ – Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba CW – CuracaoEU – European CommunityQP – High Seas – Maritime domain outside of territorial watersQV – Countries & territories not specified in the framework of intra-Community trade QW – Countries & territories not specified in the framework of trade with the third countries QX – Countries & territories not specified for commercial or military reasons QY – QX in the framework of intra-Community trade QZ – QX in the framework of trade with third countiesSS – South SudanSX – Sint Maarten (Dutch Part) XC – CeutaXK – Kosovo (As defined by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 of 10 June 1999) XL – MelillaCodes RemovedAN – Netherlands AntillesGF – French GuianaGP – GuadeloupeMC – MonacoMQ – MartiniquePR – Puerto RicoRE – ReunionSJ – Svalbard and Jan MayenYU – YugoslaviaZO – ZoneCodes ChangedTP – East TimorYR- Mayotte changed to FRPART BDESTINATION ZONE CODES FOR EXPORT REFUNDS(For CAP Purposes only)。

文章标题：深度解析Node.js中import和export的用法在Node.js中，import和export是两个重要的关键字，它们被用来管理模块间的依赖关系和代码的复用。

本文将对Node.js中import 和export的用法进行全面评估，并深入探讨其在模块化开发中的应用与意义。

一、引言Node.js作为一种服务器端运行环境，其模块化开发已成为广泛应用的编程范式。

而模块化开发的核心就在于模块间的依赖管理和代码的复用。

在这一背景下，import和export作为ES6规范中的新特性，为Node.js带来了更加便利和灵活的模块化开发方式。

二、import的用法在Node.js中，import关键字用于引入其他模块的导出内容。

在使用import时，需要注意以下几点：1. import的基本语法import { content } from 'module'。

在该语法中，{ content }表示导入模块中的指定内容，'module'表示模块的路径或名称。

2. import的多种用法除了从其他模块中导入指定内容外，import还支持默认导入和整体导入。

默认导入使用语法import defaultName from 'module'，而整体导入则使用语法import * as moduleName from 'module'。

3. import的异步加载在Node.js中，import可以通过动态加载模块的方式实现异步加载。

这为模块的延迟加载和按需加载提供了支持。

三、export的用法与import相对应，export关键字用于导出当前模块中的内容，以供其他模块使用。

在使用export时，需要注意以下几点：1. export的基本语法export { content }。

在该语法中，{ content }表示导出模块中的指定内容。

2. export的默认导出除了指定内容的导出外，还可以使用export default命令进行默认导出。

China's foreign trade up 10.4%海关总署：前7个月我国外贸进出口同比增长10.4% China's imports and exports totaled 23.6 trillion yuan during the first seven months of the year, surging 10.4 percent year-on-year, official customs data released on Sunday showed. Exports rose 14.7 percent from a year earlier to 13.37 trillion yuan, while imports were valued at 10.23 trillion yuan, increasing 5.3 percent from the year before. During the period, China's trade with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the European Union and the United States expanded by 13.2, 8.9 and 11.8 percent from a year ago respectively. Zhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said the nation's stable foreign trade expansion is mainly attributable to its steady economic and trade cooperation with major trading partners.海关总署7日发布数据，今年前7个月，我国货物贸易进出口总值23.6万亿元，同比增长10.4%。

import和export的作⽤在es6标准发布之前，js是没有模块化的概念的，也就是说原⽣js是⽆法将⼀个⼤型程序拆分成若⼲相互依赖的⼩模块的。

⽽es6针对这个问题提出了Module的概念，设计思想是尽量的静态化，使得编译时就能确定模块的依赖关系，以及输⼊和输出的变量。

关于静态化是指直接从指定模块取出想要的⽅法，其他的不加载。

⽐如此时只加载fs中的stat、exists和readFile三个模块，其他的不加载。

⽽⽐如CommonJS和 AMD 模块，都只能在运⾏时确定这些东西。

也就是先加载整个fs，然后再从中找到想要的模块。

Module模块功能主要由两个命令构成：import 和 export。

export⽤于对外输出本模块（⼀个⽂件可以理解为⼀个模块）变量的接⼝，可以使⽤as对要输出的变量进⾏重命名。

import⽤于在⼀个模块中加载另⼀个含有export接⼝的模块，可以使⽤as对引⼊的变量进⾏重命名。

import命令具有提升效果，会提升到整个模块的头部，⾸先执⾏。

如果多次重复执⾏同⼀句import语句，那么只会执⾏⼀次，⽽不会执⾏多次。

也就是说使⽤export命令定义了模块的对外接⼝以后，其他JS⽂件就可以通过import命令加载这个模块（⽂件）。

export 和 export default 异同：1、⼆者均⽤于导出常量、函数、⽂件、模块等；2、你可以在其它⽂件或模块中通过import+(常量 | 函数 | ⽂件 | 模块)名的⽅式，将其导⼊，以便能够对其进⾏使⽤；3、在⼀个⽂件或模块中，export、import可以有多个，export default仅有⼀个；4、通过export⽅式导出，在导⼊时要加{ }，export default则不需要。

5、在⽤import引⼊时，如果是⽤export⽅法定义的导出，必须要知道指定的变量名。

⽽如果使⽤export default定义的时候，import可以起任意的名字，这⾥可以理解为，⽤export default声明导出模块时，⾃动⽣成了⼀个叫default的变量，当使⽤import命令导⼊时，会⾃动将这个defualt变量赋值给声明的变量中。

国际贸易英语词汇集锦一、国际贸易基本术语。

1. import [ˈɪmpɔːt] (n./v.)- 名词：进口；进口商品。

例如：The import of high - tech products has increased in recent years.（近年来高科技产品的进口增加了。

）- 动词：进口；输入。

例如：This country imports a large amount of oil every year.（这个国家每年进口大量石油。

）2. export [ˈekspɔːt] (n./v.)- 名词：出口；出口商品。

例如：The export of agricultural products is an important part of the country's economy.（农产品出口是该国经济的一个重要部分。

）- 动词：出口；输出。

例如：China exports a lot of manufactured goods to the world.（中国向世界出口大量制成品。

）3. tariff [ˈtærɪf] (n.)- 关税；税率。

例如：The government has decided to raise the tariff on imported cars.（政府决定提高进口汽车的关税。

）4. quota [ˈkwəʊtə] (n.)- 配额；限额。

例如：There is a quota on the import of textiles.（纺织品进口有配额限制。

）5. customs [ˈkʌstəmz] (n.)- 海关；关税。

例如：You have to go through customs when you enter a foreign country.（当你进入外国时，你必须通过海关。

）二、贸易方式相关术语。

1. wholesale [ˈhəʊlseɪl] (n./adj./v.)- 名词：批发。

语言文学英语翻译基础模拟题2020年(116)(总分100, 做题时间60分钟)翻译题1.In these times when market forces appear **plicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions. Understanding key-economic indicators will assist in the decision making process, providing a snapshot of the current situation and an insight into the future.Each economic indicator tells us something about the economy or inflation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is probably the most important report as it is the whole framework where other economic indicators fall under. Using the textbook formula where Gross National Product = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Exports - Imports, some of the indicators will fall into the above-mentioned category e. g. retail sales figures will fall under consumption, construction spending under investment, to name a few. There are also indicators that are broader that tell us about the economy itself rather than **ponent, e. g. employment figures, leading indicators, money supply figures ( M3 ). Inflation figures, Produce Price Index ( PPI) and the Consumer Price Index ( CPI) will, in short, inform us of the changes in wholesale prices, cost of consumer ( retail) goods and services respectively.An indicator that is useful must be accurate, timely and reliable. It depends entirely on the integrity of the national statistical system responsible. It is vital to know the **ponents of an indicator. We have to be mindful of the limitation of these statistical figures too.Some indicators can be historic or extremely volatile, and therefore their value are reduced. It is better to compare the most recent data with earlier months, or take a moving average for the past 3, 6 or 12 months to smooth the data. It will tell us if there has been a significant change in trend and whether a new direction is under way.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 11.2答案:在目前这种时期，市场越来越变幻莫测、动荡不定，要做出明智的商业投资决策，理解市场相关的专业术语变得尤为重要。

在中文编程语言中，经常会遇到 export 与 import 的复合写法。

这种写法在模块化开发中非常常见，能够有效地管理模块之间的依赖关系，并且提高代码的复用性和可维护性。

下面我将从深度和广度的角度，对这种复合写法进行全面评估，并撰写一篇有价值的文章，以便您更深入地理解这一概念。

一、初探 export 与 import 的复合写法在中文编程语言中，当我们需要将一个模块中的某些内容导出，并在另一个模块中引入这些导出内容时，就会用到 export 与 import 的复合写法。

这种写法能够将模块的特定内容暴露给其他模块使用，同时也能更好地控制模块之间的依赖关系。

二、深入理解 export 与 import 的复合写法在实际应用中，export 与 import 的复合写法非常灵活，能够满足不同场景下的需求。

通过在导出时对内容进行命名、重命名或导出默认内容等操作，可以更好地组织和管理模块之间的关系，提高代码的可读性和可维护性。

这种写法也支持按需导出和导入，避免不必要的性能浪费。

三、export 与 import 的复合写法的个人观点和理解我个人认为，export 与 import 的复合写法是模块化开发中非常重要的一环，能够有效地解耦各个模块，提高代码的灵活性和复用性。

在实际项目中，合理使用这种写法能够让代码结构更清晰，易于维护和扩展。

通过对这种写法的深入理解和灵活运用，也能够帮助开发者更好地把握模块化开发的精髓。

四、总结回顾通过本文的探讨，我们对 export 与 import 的复合写法有了更深入的理解。

这种写法不仅能够有效地管理模块之间的依赖关系，提高代码的复用性和可维护性，还能让代码结构更清晰、灵活和易于扩展。

在实际项目中，合理运用这种写法可以为我们的开发工作带来更多的便利和效率。

希望本文能够帮助您更好地掌握这一概念，并在实际项目中运用自如。

总结起来，通过本文的介绍，我希望您对 export 与 import 的复合写法有了更深入的理解。

KeyChapter1I. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarilyfor financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitme nt and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11 经济复苏；恢复2 潜在销售量12 经济衰退3 加价，涨价13 间接投资4 国内市场14 有形货物5 制成品15 有形进出口6 边际利润16 收入及支出；岁入及岁出7 市场占有率17 超额能力8 贸易歧视18 贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9 时机选择19 全部包建的工程承包方式10 经销周期20 许可证协定IV Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growt h. However oversimplified this metaphormay be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs.Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s imp ort needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.I. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets;9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII.Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economicallyself-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations areself-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar. Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japanhas been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.I. Translate the followings from Chinese into English:1 terms of payment2 written form of contract3 execution of the contract4 sales contract5 purchase confirmation6 terms of transaction7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract13 the contracting parties 14 special clause15 general terms and conditionsII. Answer the following questions in English:1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions abroad; written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any othertype of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contract is indicated in the title; 2) the contract proper. It is the main part of a contract; 3) the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer; 4) the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.5 It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance, commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.III. Translate the following into Chinese:合同是在双方达成协议的基础上制定的，而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。

彻底搞清楚javascript中的require、import和export 为什么有模块概念理想情况下，开发者只需要实现核⼼的业务逻辑，其他都可以加载别⼈已经写好的模块。

但是，Javascript不是⼀种模块化编程语⾔，在es6以前，它是不⽀持”类”（class），所以也就没有”模块”（module）了。

require时代Javascript社区做了很多努⼒，在现有的运⾏环境中，实现”模块”的效果。

原始写法模块就是实现特定功能的⼀组⽅法。

只要把不同的函数（以及记录状态的变量）简单地放在⼀起，就算是⼀个模块。

1 2 3 4 5 6function m1(){　//...}function m2(){　//... }上⾯的函数m1()和m2()，组成⼀个模块。

使⽤的时候，直接调⽤就⾏了。

这种做法的缺点很明显：”污染”了全局变量，⽆法保证不与其他模块发⽣变量名冲突，⽽且模块成员之间看不出直接关系。

对象写法为了解决上⾯的缺点，可以把模块写成⼀个对象，所有的模块成员都放到这个对象⾥⾯1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9var module1 = new Object({ _count : 0,　m1 : function (){ //...　},　m2 : function (){ //...　}});上⾯的函数m1()和m2(），都封装在module1对象⾥。

使⽤的时候，就是调⽤这个对象的属性1module1.m1();这样的写法会暴露所有模块成员，内部状态可以被外部改写。

⽐如，外部代码可以直接改变内部计数器的值。

1module._count = 1;⽴即执⾏函数写法使⽤”⽴即执⾏函数”（Immediately-Invoked Function Expression，IIFE），可以达到不暴露私有成员的⽬的1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13var module = (function() { var _count = 0;var m1 = function() { alert(_count)}var m2 = function() { alert(_count + 1)}return {m1: m1,m2: m2}13 14} })()使⽤上⾯的写法，外部代码⽆法读取内部的_count变量。

ASN.1基本语法和编码规则1 ASN.1 简介ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One)，抽象语法标记，是描述抽象类型和值的标记，缩写为ASN.1。

它用于对通过接口和通信媒体进行传输的信息的抽象描述，广泛应用于各种通信协议的说明中。

ASN.1是一个很灵活的标记法，它允许定义众多的数据类型——从整数和位串等简单类型到如集合、序列等的组合结构，还可以是其它复杂定义的类型。

一个ASN.1定义可以选用不同的编码规则，但解码器必须采用和编码器相同的编码规则。

目前标准化的编码规则有4个：BER、DER、CER、PER。

BER在19世纪80年代初形成，广泛应用于各种通信协议中，比如SNMP、MHS、TSAPI 等；DER是BER的一种特殊形式，用于对安全性敏感的应用，比如电子商务，要求对一条消息的编码和解码有且只有一条途径；CER是BER 的另一种特殊形式，类似于DER，但它适用于长消息，可以在知道整条消息之前就开始编码，实际中CER很少应用，这是因为工业界把DER作为安全编码的优先方法；PER在上述编码规则之后出现，因它的高效算法而闻名，它的编码速度和压缩程度比BER高，PER适用于带宽资源缺乏的应用，比如空中交通控制和音频—视频通信等。

2 BER的编码规则和传输语法2.1基本规则BER（Basic Encoding Rules）是ASN.1中最早定义的编码规则。

每种BER 编码方法都由三或四部分组成：（1）Tag octets：定义了ASN.1值的类和标签值，并指明编码方法是简单化的还是结构化的。

（2）Length octets：对于定长编码方法，它指出了内容octet的个数；对于结构化、非定长编码方法，它指明了长度是不确定的。

（3）V alue octets：对于简单的、定长编码方法，它给出了值的具体表示；对于结构化的方法，它给出了值的内容的BER编码的串联。

（4）End-of-values octets：对于结构化、非定长的编码方法，它表示内容结束；对于其它方法，没有该部分。

高中英语词根词缀以下是20个高中英语常见词根词缀相关内容：一、词根“vis”（看）1. 英语释义：see2. 相关单词：- visible（adj. 看得见的；明显的）- invisible（adj. 看不见的；无形的）3. 用法：- visible作形容词，可用于be + visible结构。

例如：The stars are visible on a clear night.（在晴朗的夜晚星星是看得见的。

） - invisible用法类似，如：Germs are invisible to the naked eye.（细菌是肉眼看不见的。

）4. 短语：visible light（可见光）二、词根“port”（拿，运）1. 英语释义：carry2. 相关单词：- import（v. 进口；输入；n. 进口；进口商品）- export（v. 出口；输出；n. 出口；出口商品）- transport（v. 运输；运送；n. 运输；交通工具）3. 用法：- import sth. from...（从……进口某物），例如：China imports a large amount of oil from the Middle East.（中国从中东进口大量石油。

）- export sth. to...（把某物出口到……），如：Our country exports many agricultural products to other countries.（我国向其他国家出口许多农产品。

）- transport sb./sth. +地点状语（把某人/某物运到某地），例如：They transport the goods to the port by truck.（他们用卡车把货物运到港口。

）4. 短语：means of transport（运输工具）三、前缀“re -”（再，又；回）1. 英语释义：again; back2. 相关单词：- rewrite（v. 重写；改写）- return（v. 返回；归还；n. 回来；归还）- review（v. 复习；回顾；评论；n. 复习；评论）3. 用法：- rewrite sth.（重写某事），例如：The teacher asked him to rewrite hisposition.（老师让他重写作文。

1、They built a highway ___ the mountains.A、lead intoB、to lead intoC、led intoD、leading into您的答案：A正确答案：D 得分：0.0 分解析：leading into的逻辑主语是highway，它们之间是主动的关系，所以用动名词形式。

句意：他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。

2、It ___ for two hours now.A、rainsB、is rainingC、has rainedD、has been raining您未做该题正确答案：D 得分：0.0 分解析：雨现在还在下，是持续到现在的动作，所以根据句意，用现在完成进行时比较好。

3、The girl was lucky enough to ___ the bad men and ran away.A、break awayB、break away fromC、break outD、break into您未做该题正确答案：B 得分：0.0 分解析：break away：脱离，逃离，逃走。

符合句意。

介词from与后面的the bad men连接。

break out：爆发。

break into：闯入，潜入，破门而入。

4、The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door ___, ___ there for a while and then entered it.A、open; to standB、opening; stoodC、open; stoodD、opened; standing您未做该题正确答案：C 得分：0.0 分解析：with the door open是with 的复合结构，open 为形容词，表状态；stood与came，entered为并列关系，在句中作谓语。

5、___ the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.A、WhichB、WhatC、ThatD、Whether您未做该题正确答案：D 得分：0.0 分解析：句意为“是否执行新的计划将在明天的会议上进行讨论”。

js中export用法"js中export用法"是指JavaScript中用来导出模块的语法关键字。

export 关键字的主要作用是将变量、函数、类等模块中的成员（也称为导出项）暴露给其他模块使用。

通过导出项，我们可以让其他模块引用和调用本模块的功能，从而实现代码的模块化和复用。

在本文中，我将详细介绍如何在JavaScript中使用export关键字来导出模块，并提供一些常见的使用示例。

接下来，我们一步一步地回答这个问题，帮助读者更好地理解和运用export关键字。

第一步：了解export的基本语法在JavaScript中，export关键字可以与import一起使用，用来分别导出和导入模块。

export有两种主要的导出语法，分别是默认导出和命名导出。

默认导出使用export default语法，用于导出模块的默认成员。

每个模块只能有一个默认导出项。

如果其他模块导入该模块时没有指定具体的导入项，将自动导入默认导出项。

命名导出使用export语法，用于导出模块的命名成员。

可以使用export 关键字单独导出多个模块成员，并在导入时按需引入。

命名导出项可以是变量、函数、类等。

下面通过示例代码来说明export的基本语法：导出模块的默认成员export default function() {console.log("这是默认导出项");}导出命名成员export function sayHello() {console.log("Hello!");}export const PI = 3.1416;第二步：模块的导入与使用要使用导出的模块成员，我们需要在其他模块中使用import语句导入。

import语句是export语句的对应关键字，用来引入其他模块的导出成员。

下面是一个使用import导入export的示例代码：导入默认导出项import myModule from './myModule';myModule(); 调用默认导出项导入命名导出项import { sayHello, PI } from './myModule';sayHello(); 调用命名导出项console.log(PI); 访问常量注意，导入时需要指定导出项的名称，可以使用花括号{}来指定要导入的命名成员。

module.export的用法1.什么是m odule.expo rt?在N od e.js中，mo du l e.ex po rt是一个随处可见的关键字，用于导出模块的函数、对象或者变量，以便其他文件可以使用。

m o du le.e xp or t使得我们的代码更加模块化，方便代码的组织和重用。

2. mo dule.export的基本语法m o du le.e xp or t可以是各种类型的值，比如函数、对象、字符串等等。

下面是m od ul e.ex po r t的基本语法：m o du le.e xp or t=val u e;其中，v al ue可以是任意类型的值，包括：-字符串：`mo du le.e x po rt="He ll o,Wor l d!";`-对象：`m od ul e.ex p or t={n am e:"J ohn",a ge:20};`-数组：`m od ul e.ex p or t=[1,2,3,4,5];`-函数：`m od ul e.ex p or t=fu nc ti on(){//d os om et hi ng}`3.如何使用m o d u l e.e x p o r t导出模块在N od e.js中，可以将mo du le.e xp ort导出的模块分为两种情况：一种是导出单个函数、对象或变量，另一种是导出多个函数、对象或变量。

3.1导出单个函数、对象或变量3.1.1导出一个函数要导出一个函数，可以使用以下语法：f u nc ti on ad d(a,b){r e tu rn a+b;}m o du le.e xp or t=add;在其他文件中，可以使用以下方式引用该函数：c o ns ta dd=r eq ui re('./ad d.js');c o ns ol e.lo g(ad d(5,10));//输出153.1.2导出一个对象要导出一个对象，可以使用以下语法：c o ns tp er so n={n a me:"Jo hn",a g e:20,s a yH el lo:f un ct ion(){c o ns ol e.lo g("H ell o!");}};m o du le.e xp or t=per s on;在其他文件中，可以使用以下方式引用该对象：c o ns tp er so n=re qui r e('./p er so n.js');c o ns ol e.lo g(pe rso n.n am e);//输出"J o hn" p e rs on.s ay He ll o();//输出"H el lo!"3.1.3导出一个变量要导出一个变量，可以使用以下语法：c o ns tP I=3.14159;m o du le.e xp or t=PI;在其他文件中，可以使用以下方式引用该变量：c o ns tP I=re qu ir e('./c on st an ts.j s');c o ns ol e.lo g(PI);//输出3.141593.2导出多个函数、对象或变量有时我们需要导出多个函数、对象或变量，可以使用以下语法：f u nc ti on ad d(a,b){r e tu rn a+b;}f u nc ti on su bt ra ct(a,b){r e tu rn a-b;}c o ns tP I=3.14159;m o du le.e xp or t={ad d,s ub tr ac t,PI};在其他文件中，可以使用以下方式引用这些函数、对象或变量：c o ns t{ad d,su bt rac t,P I}=r eq ui re('./ma th.j s');c o ns ol e.lo g(ad d(5,10));//输出15c o ns ol e.lo g(su btr a ct(10,5));//输出5c o ns ol e.lo g(PI);//输出3.141594.总结通过mo du le.e xp ort，我们可以方便地将函数、对象或变量导出为模块，以供其他文件使用。

1.Foreign-produced goods and services that are sold domestically are calleda.imports,b. exports.c. net imports.d. net exports. exports of a country are the value ofa.goods and services imported minus the value of goods and services exported.b.goods and services exported minus the value of goods and services imported・c.goods exported minus the value of goods imported・d.goods imported minus the value of goods exported・3- One year a country has negative net exports- The next year it still has negative net exports and imports have risen more than exports.a.its trade surplus fell.b. its trade surplus rose.c. its trade deficit fell・d. its trade deficit rose.4.Suppose that a country imports $100 million of goods and services and exports $75 million of goods and services, what is the value of net exports?a.$175 millionb. $75 millionc. $25 milliond. -$25 million5.Which of the following would be U.S. foreign direct investment?a.Your U.S. based mutual fund buys stock in Eastern European companies.b.A U.S. citizen opens and operates a law firm in Norway.c. A Swiss bank buys a U・S・ government bond・d.A German tractor factory opens a plant in Waterloo, Iowa.6.Which of the following is an example of U.S・ foreign portfolio investment?a.Toni, a U.S. citizen, buys bonds issued by a Swedish corporation.b.Randall, a U.S. citizen, opens a cheesecake factory in Italy.c.Both A and B are examples of U.S. portfolio investment.d.Neither A nor B are examples of U.S. portfolio investment.7.Which of the following is an example of U.S・ foreign portfolio investment?a.Albert, a German citizen, buys stock in a U.S. computer company.b・ Larry, a citizen of Ireland, opens a fish and chips restaurant in the United States.c.Ruth, a U・S・ citizen, buys bonds issued by a German corporation.d.Dustin, a U.S. citizen, opens a country-western tavern in New Zealand・8.John, a U・S・ citizen, opens up a Sports bar in Tokyo. This counts as U・S・a.exports・b. imports.c. foreign portfolio investment,d. foreign direct investment.9.If a Swiss watchmaker opens a factory in the United States, this is an example of Swissa.exports.b. imports.c. foreign portfolio investment,d. foreign direct investment.10.An Italian citizen opens and operates a spaghetti （意大利面）factory in the United States- This is Italiana.foreign direct investment that increases Italian net capital outflow.b.foreign direct investment that decreases Italian net capital outflow・c.foreign portfolio investment that increases Italian net capital outflow・d.foreign portfolio investment that decreases Italian net capital outflow.11. A U.S. citizen buys bonds issued by an automobile manufacturer in Japan. Her expenditures are U.S.a.foreign direct investment that increase U.S. net capital outflow.b.foreign direct investment that decrease U.S. net capital outflow.c.foreign portfolio investment that increase US net capital outflow.d.foreign portfolio investment that decrease U.S. net capital outflow.12.Bob, a Greek citizen, opens a restaurant in Chicago. His expendituresa.increase U.S. net capital outflow and have no affect on Greek net capital outflow.b.increase U.S. net capital outflow and increase Greek net capital outflow.c.increase U.S. net capital outflow, but decrease Greek net capital outflow.d.decrease U・S・ net capital outflow, but increase Greek net capital outflow.13.When Microsoft establishes a distribution center in France, U.S. net capital outflowa.increases because Microsoft makes a portfolio investment in France・b.decreases because Microsoft makes a portfolio investment in France.c.increases because Microsoft makes a direct investment in capital in France.d.decreases because Microsoft makes a direct investment in capital France.14・ Which of the following is correct?a.NCO = NXb. NCO + I = NXc. NX + NCO = Yd. Y = NC15.Which of the following is correct?a.NCO + C = NXb. NCO = NXc. NX ・ NCO = Cd. NX + NCO = C16.If a U.S. textbook publishing company sells texts overseas, U.S. net exportsa.increase, and U.S. net capital outflow increases.b.increase, and US net capital outflow decreases.c.decrease, and U.S・ net capital outflow increases.d.decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases.17.If a U.S. shirt maker purchases cotton from Egypt, U.S. net exportsa.increase, and U.S. net capital outflow increases.b・ increase, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases.c. decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow increases.d・ decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases・18.If a country has a trade surplusa.it has positive net exports and positive net capital outflow.b.it has positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.c.it has negative net exports and positive net capital outflow.d.it has negative net exports and negative net capital outflow・19.If a country has a trade deficita.it has positive net exports and positive net capital outflow.b.it has positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.c.it has negative net exports and positive net capital outflow.d.it has negative net exports and negative net capital outflow.20.An open economy's GDP is always given bya.丫二C + /+G.b. Y=C + I+G + T.c. Y=C + I+G + S.d.Y 二C + /+G + NX.21.Which of the following equations is correct?a.S 二 / + Cb. S = / ・NXc. S = / + NCOd.S = NX ・ NCO.22.If there is a trade deficit, thena.saving is greater than domestic investment and Y > C + 1 + G・b.saving is greater than domestic investment and Y v C + I + G.c.saving is less than domestic investment and Y > C +1 + G・d.saving is less than domestic investment and Y < C + I + G.23.If there is a trade surplus thena.saving is greater than domestic investment and Y > C + I + G.b.saving is greater than domestic investment and Y v C + I + G.c.saving is less than domestic investment and Y > C +1 + G・cl saving is less than domestic investment and Y V C + I + G.24.In which of the following situations must national saving rise?a.Both domestic investment and net capital outflow increase.b.Domestic investment increases and net capital outflow decreases.c.Domestic investment decreases and net capital outflow increases.d.Both domestic investment and net capital outflow decrease.25. A country has a trade deficit. Its capital outflow must be positive, and saving is larger than investment. capital outflow must be positive and saving is smaller than investment. capital outflow must be negative and saving is larger than investment. capital outflow must be negative and saving is smaller than investment.26. A country has $100 million of net exports and $170 million of saving. Net capital outflow isa.$70 million and domestic investment is $170 million.b.$70 million and domestic investment is $270 million.c.$100 million and domestic investment is $70 million.d.None of the above is correct.27. A country has $60 million of saving and domestic investment of $40 million. Net exports area. $20 million.b. -$20 million.c. $100 million.d. -$100 million.28. A country has $50 million of domestic investment and net capital outflow of $15 million. What is saving?a. $65 million.b.・$65 million.c. $35 million.d. -$35 million.29.If you go to the bank and notice that a dollar buys more Mexican pesos than it used to, then the dollar hasa.appreciated. Other things the same, the appreciation would make you less likely to travel to Mexico.b.appreciated. Other things the same, the appreciation would make you more likely to travel to Mexico.c.depreciated・ Other things the same, the depreciation would make you less likely to travel to Mexico.d.depreciated・ Other things the same, the depreciation would make you more likely to travel to Mexico.30.You are staying in London over the summer and you have a number of dollars with you. If the dollar appreciated relative to the British pound then, other things the same,a.the dollar would buy more pounds. The appreciation would discourage you from buying as many British goods and services.b.the dollar would buy more pounds・ The appreciation would encourage you to buy more British goods and services.c.the dollar would buy fewer pounds・ The appreciation would discourage you from buying as many British goods and services ・d.the dollar would buy fewer pounds. The appreciation would encourage you to buy more British goods and services.31.If the real exchange rate between the U.S・ and Argentina is 1, thena.purchasing-power parity holds, and 1 U.S. dollar buys 1 Argentinean bolivar.b.purchasing power parity holds, and the amount of currency needed to buy goods in the U.S. is the same as the amount needed to buy enough Argentinean bolivars to buy the same goods in Argentina・c.purchasing power parity does not hold, but 1 U.S. dollar buys 1 Argentinean bolivar.d.purchasing power parity does not hold, but the amount of currency needed to buy goods in the U.S. is the same as the amount needed to buy enough Argentinean bolivars to buy the same goods in Argentina・32・ In the United States, a cup of hot chocolate costs $5. In Australia, the same hot chocolate costs $6.5 Australian dollars. If the exchange rate is $1.3 Australian dollars per U.S. dollar, what is the real exchange rate?a. 1/2 cup of Australian hot chocolate per cup of U.S・ hot chocolateb.1 cup of Australian hot chocolate per cup of U.S・ hot chocolatec.2 cups of Australian hot chocolate per cup of U.S. hot chocolated.None of the above is correct.33.Suppose the same basket of goods costs $ 100 in the U.S. and 50 pounds in Britain. According to purchasing power parity, what is the nominal exchange rate?a.2 pounds per dollarb.1 pound per dollarc.1/2 pound per dollard.None of the above is correct34.A paperback book in the U.S. costs $6. In Chile it costs 4 pesos• If the nomina l exchange rate is 1/2 peso per dollar, what is the real exchange rate?a. 2/3b. 3/4 〜c. 4/3d. 2/335.Imagine that a bushel of wheat costs $3.20 in the United States and costs 20 pesos in Mexico. If the nominal exchange rate is 10 pesos per dollar, the real exchange rate isa. 1.60b. 1.25c. 0.625d. None of the above is correct.36.If purchasing-power parity holds, then the value of thea.real exchange rate is equal to one・b.nominal exchange rate is equal to one.c.real exchange rale is equal to the nominal exchange rate・d.real exchange rate is equal to the difference in inflation rates between the two countries・37.Suppose that the dollar buys less cotton in Egypt than in the United States. Traders could make a profit bya.buying cotton in the United Stales and selling it in Egypt, which would tend to raise the price of cotton in the United States.b.buying cotton in the United States and selling it in Egypt, which would tend to raise the price of cotton in Egypt.c.buying cotton in Egypt and selling it in the United States, which would tend to raise the price of cotton in Egypt.d.buying cotton in Egypt and selling it in the United States, which would tend to raise the price of cotton in the United States.38.If P = domestic prices, P* = foreign prices, and e is the nominal exchange rate, which of the following is implied by purchasing-power parity?a. P = e/P^b. 1 = e/P*c. e = P^/P d・ None of the above is correct.Short Answer1 ・ Suppose that Bill, a resident of the U.S., buys software from a company in Japan. Explain why and in what directions this changes U.S. net exports and U.S. net capital outflow.ANS:The purchase of a foreign good by a U.S. resident is a U.S. import. Since net exports = exports - imports, net exports decrease. Bill pays for the software with U.S. dollars so that the Japanese have obtained more U.S. assets. Since, net capital outflow = the amount of foreign assets acquired by domestic residents -domestic assets acquired by foreign residents, the increase in foreign holdings of dollars by Japanese residents decreases U.S. net capital outflow.2. Why are net exports and net capital outflow always equal?ANS:Net exports and net capital outflow are always equal because every international transaction is an exchange. When a seller country transfers a good or service to a buyer country, the buyer country gives up some asset to pay for this good or service・ The value of that asset equals the value of goods and services sold. Hence, the net value of goods and services sold by a country (NX) must equal the net value of assets acquired (NCO).3.Derive the relation between savings, domestic investment, and net capital outflow using the national income accounting identity.ANS:Start from the national income accounting identity,(1)Y 二C + /+G + NX.Recall from Chapter 25 that national saving is the income that is left after paying for current consumption and government expenditure,(2)S=Y・C・G.Rearranging, (1) we obtain F ・ C ・ G = / + NX、and substituting in (2)(3)S = I + NX.Because net exports also equal net capital outflow, we can also write this equation as(4)S = I + NCO.4.Suppose that a country has $120 billion of national savings, and $80 billion of domestic investment. Is this possible? Where did the other $40 billion of national savings go?ANS:This is possible for an open economy. The remaining $40 billion is for net capital outflow in the form of purchases of foreign assets by U.S. residents. U.S. citizens can save by buying U.S. assets or by buying foreign assets.5.What is the logic behind the theory of purchasing-power parity?ANS:The logic behind purchasing-power parity is the law of one price, which asserts that a good must sell for the same price in all locations. If the price for a good is higher in one market than in another, someone can make a profit by purchasing the good where it is relatively cheap, and selling the good where it is relatively expensive. This process of arbitrage leads to an equalization of prices for the good in all locations- If purchasing power parity holds the amount of dollars it takes to buy a good in the U.S. should buy enough foreign currency to buy the same good in a foreign country.6.Suppose that a U.S. dollar buys more gold in Australia than it buys in Russia. What does purchasing-power parity imply should happen?ANS:People can make a profit by buying gold in Australia and selling it in Russia. Purchases in Australia drive down the amount of gold a dollar can buy there. Sales in Russia drive up the amount of gold a dollar can buy there・ Purchasing-power parity theory claims that this should continue until the dollar can buy the same amount of gold anywhere.。

本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Imports in Mexico 出处：The World Economy作者：Penelope Pacheco Lopez译文：墨西哥的外商直接投资和进出口一、简介自20世纪80年代中期以来，特别是1994年签署北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）之后，外商直接投资大幅进入墨西哥。

墨西哥政府奉行降低外商直接投资的进入壁垒的积极政策，希望跨国公司引进外商直接投资通过知识溢出与出口增长较快推动经济。

在2001年，墨西哥是拉美最大的外商直接投资（贸发会议，2002年）获得者，并成为世界第二大贸易发展中国家（世界贸易组织，2001），有近三分之二的出口来自跨国公司（贸发会议，2002）。

本文的目的有三：首先，描述外商直接投资自由化的过程，并描述性分析外商直接投资在墨西哥的作用；第二，探讨外商直接投资和进出口的因果关系；第三，简短的总结评价外商直接投资与墨西哥的经济发展。

一般的外国直接投资的影响是深远的，有证据表明外商直接投资效率显著影响，如在效率，就业要素价格和贸易方面。

墨西哥的情况是，各种研究都集中在外商直接投资对劳动生产率（布洛姆斯特罗姆和佩尔松，1983年；布洛姆斯特罗姆，1988年），工资（芬斯特拉和汗森，1997年），和经济增长（拉米雷斯2000年;2003年）的影响。

然而，尽管外商直接投资和贸易增长迅速，外商直接投资对出口和进口的影响尚未广泛。

最近的一篇文章探讨外商直接投资和出口的因果关系（安格斯，2002年），但外商直接投资和进口的因果关系还没有研究。

二、外商直接投资的自由化和作用（一）外商直接投资的自由化随着时间的推移，对外商投资法已逐渐放松管制，减少了对墨西哥公民或活动范围管制。

在特别是1989年和1993年的改革，尝试将外商投资法与北美自由贸易协定兼容。

到1995年，1996年，1998年，1999年和2000年对外商投资法进一步修订，加快了外商直接投资参与墨西哥的经济活动。