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新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第一册单词表Unit 8 Section A Birth of Bright IdeasNew Words<1>satisfactory a. good enough for a particular situation or purpose 令人满意的Sales rise by 20% from last year; that's very satisfactory. 销售额比去年增加了20%, 这是非常令人满意的。
This method of heating is not satisfactory for large buildings. 这种取暖办法用于大型建筑物并不令人满意。
<2>flash vi. 1. (of an idea) come suddenly （想法、灵感等）突然产生The idea flashed into his mind. 他突然想到了这个主意。
The thought that I might be wrong flashed through my mind. 我可能错了的想法突然闪入我的脑海。
2. pass quickly 飞驰，掠过Ten years seem to flash by. 十年转眼就过去了。
A red car flashed by. 一辆红色汽车飞驰而过。
<3>particularly ad. especially 特别是；特别地More local employment will be created, particularly in service industries. 地方将提供更多的就业机会, 尤其是服务行业。
I cannot leave him, particularly now. 我不能离开他, 尤其是现在。
<4>glow vi. produce a soft, steady light 发光Colored lights glowed on the celebration night. 节日之夜灯火辉煌。
读写教程 01 课文翻译Unit01TestA奔向更加光明的未来1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。
你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。
在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。
2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。
妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。
” “等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。
” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。
至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。
3 让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。
你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。
你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。
4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。
在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。
你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。
你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。
我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。
5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。
你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。
如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。
选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。
这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。
一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。
随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。
新视野英语一unit8satisfactory a. 令人满意的flash vi. 1.突然产生（想法、灵感） 2.飞驰，掠过particularly ad. 特别是glow vi. 1.发光，发热2.呈现鲜艳的颜色▲creation n. 创造mystery n. 谜reasonable a. 合理的，适当的psychologist n. 心理学家process n. 过程，进程individual n. 个体，个人personality n. 1.名人2.人的品质或条件▲intensify v. 增强，加强genius n. 1.天才2.天赋religion n. 宗教philosophy n. 哲学invention n. 1.发明2.发明物logic n. 逻辑；逻辑学truly ad. 1.真正地2.真诚地；真心地highly ad. 非常dramatic a. 1.引人注目的2.戏剧的; 演戏的compose v. 创作（文学或音乐）occupy vt. 1.把注意力集中于...... 2.占用（时间或空间）▲fling vt. 1.猛扔，抛2.猛烈地移动，急动▲couch n. 沙发miracle n. 奇迹■mighty a. 强大的，巨大的recognize vt. 1.注意到，认识到2.认出orchestral a. 管弦乐的, 管弦乐队的contrast n. 对照, (对照中的)差异■mathematician n. 数学家a. 数学的combination n. 结合, 合并;【化】化合物▲surge vi. 汹涌combine v. 结合，合并stable a. 稳定的existence n. 存在observe vt. 观察explosion n. 1.爆发；骤发; 爆炸2.激增，扩大concept n. 概念▲exemplify vt. 例示, 作为......例子▲certainty n. 确定性, 必然性; 确实的事情enthusiasm n. 1.热情, 积极性2.爱好的事物representative a. 有代表性的source n. 源泉，来源responsible a. 1.是......的原因2.需负责任的，承担责任的organize vt. 组织起来element n. 元素, 成分Phrases and Expressionssleep on sth. 暂时不作决定，过一晚再作决定a gift from the gods 不期而获又大受欢迎的好处，利益depend on 依靠，依赖write down 写下来be occupied with 忙于做，专心于seek for 寻找as though 好象，俨然take shape 成型put into 表达at work 在起作用arrive at 达成（协议）；得出（结论）search for 搜索，寻找fill sb. with sth. 使充满（感情）chill v. 使变冷；使扫兴n. 寒冷，寒气plastic a. 塑料的n. 1.塑料，塑料制品2.信用卡dip v. 蘸；浸▲applaud v. 拍手喝彩, 称赞remark vi. 评论n. 谈论，评论decade n. 十年enquiry (inquiry) n. 调查，探究convince vt. 使确信, 使信服capacity n. 1.才能, 能力2.容量，容积▲impulse n. 冲动，刺激potential n. 潜力，潜能a. 潜在的potentially ad. 可能地reservoir n. 1.水库，蓄水池2.(喻)(知识、精力等的)贮藏；蓄积concrete a. 具体的capture v. 1.捕获2.夺得; 占领◆fleeting a. 飞逝的, 转瞬即逝的rabbit n. 兔子carriage n. 四轮马车scarcely ad. 1.刚刚......就2.几乎没有fortunately ad. 幸运地evaluate v. 评价, 估计painter n. 画家sofa n. 沙发sketch vt. 勾画, 绘草图fertile a. 1.（思想、创意）丰富的 2.富饶的advantage n. 优势；有利条件▲productive a. 1.有收益的，富有成效的2.多产的associate n. 合作人, 同事inventor n. 发明者，发明家claim v. 声言；自称engineering n. 工程(学)string n. 细绳◆pliers n. 钳子motion n. 运动▲pendulum n. 钟摆swing vi. 摇摆context n. 1.（事情发生的）环境，背景 2.上下文transfer v. 调动，迁移principle n. 原则, 原理elsewhere ad. 在别处，到别处enhance vt. 提高, 增强vitamin n. 维生素therapy n. 治疗；理疗▲fascinate v. 使着迷endless a. 无止境的, 无穷的Phrases and Expressionsright away 立刻act upon 依照...... 行动come one's way 发生在某人身上，可以被某人利用fall asleep 睡着take advantage of 利用at once 同时set sth. in motion 使......运转起来back and forth 来回，前后take up 开始，着手做tap dancing 踢踏舞Birth of Bright IdeasNo satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. You think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods.Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in theirlife stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to ";Rhinegold". Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing. On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He recognized that the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold", which he must have carried about within him yet had never been able to put it into form, had at last taken its shape within him. In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actualprocesses by which the solution was found.As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. For weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations but he arrived at no result. One night he drank some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours. Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness.A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. Then in a dream onNovember 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum ("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes' experiences are representative of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.Ways of Increasing CreativityMy guests had arrived, but once again, I'd forgotten to put the wine in the fridge. "Don't worry," a friend said, "I can chill it for you right away."Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wineperfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, she said: "I poured it in a plastic bag and dipped it in ice water."My guests applauded. "How wonderful if we could all be that clever," one remarked.A decade of enquiry has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity. It's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential but the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us can be unlocked.The following techniques suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity:Capture the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast, sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act — possibly the only difference between us and them.In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven wrote aboutthinking of a beautiful tune while half asleep in a carriage: "But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune and I could not recall any part of it." Fortunately, for Beethoven and for us, the next day in the same carriage, the tune returned to him and he captured it in writing.When a good idea comes your way, write it down — on your arm if necessary. Not every idea will have value but capture it first and evaluate later.Daydream. Painter Salvador Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. As he began to fall asleep, Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. Shocked awake by the sound, he would immediately sketch the images seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep.Everyone experiences this strange state and can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. Often, the "three bs" — bed, bath and bus — are productive. Anywhere you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find ideas emerge freely.Seek challenges. Try inviting friends and business associates from different areas of your life to a party. Bringing people of different ages and social status together may help you think in new ways.Edwin Land, one of America's most productive inventors, claimed the idea leading to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together: "The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind they were so real that I spent several hours describing them."Expand your world. Many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider "The Two-String Problem." Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers?One college student tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum. As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends.Asked how he succeeded, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in onecontext transferred to a completely different one.This principle works elsewhere as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new. If you're a banker, take up tap dancing; if you're a nurse, try a course in vitamin therapy. Read a book on a new subject. Change your daily newspaper. The new will combine with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative means paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you.Great IdeasSome of the most important inventions of the past 2,000 years may surprise you.Want to get rich? Become famous? You don't have to be a film star or a basketball player or a musician. You can do it by becoming aninventor. Over the past 2,000 years inventors have created machines and articles that have changed the world.And it's not just the big ideas like computers, printing presses and steam engines (蒸汽机) that become big things.Just think how the past 2,000 years would be different without these "small" big ideas:It's a clean sweepIn 1871, American inventor Ives McGaffey realized that if you turned an air pump (气泵) the opposite way, you would have a machine that could pick up dirt. He called his machine an aspirator (吸气器). The huge device was powered by a steam engine.Another American, James Murray Spangler, designed a much lighter machine in 1907 with an electric engine. He sold the idea, now called a vacuum cleaner（真空吸尘器）, to a man named William H. Hoover. The company is still making Hoover vacuums and we're a little bit cleaner for it.Stuck on youInventors get interested when they find out people don't like the way something works.One day in 1923, young lab worker Richard Drew from the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (制造) Company heard workers in an automobile body shop complaining. It seems they could not find the right kind of tape to put on cars while they painted them. Either the tape stuck too much and ruined the paint job or it fell off too soon and the paint ran onto another part of the car.Drew spent two years creating a tape that stuck just enough. We know it now as masking tape. But Drew wasn't done. In 1930, he created a see-through, water-proof (防水的), cellophane (薄膜) adhesive (胶粘剂). The company called it Scotch tape and started selling it by the ton.Accidents can work wondersIn the late 1940s, engineer Percy L. Spencer of the Raytheon Company was experimenting with high-frequency (高频率) radio waves. These had been used to find enemy planes and ships in World War II. Spencer noticed the waves had made a chocolate bar (块) in his pocket soft. Could these waves be used to heat food?Spencer soon invented the microwave oven (微波炉), which made millions of dollars for Raytheon and millions of bags of popcorn (爆米花) for kids everywhere.Geniuses need not apply (应用，努力)Alexander Graham Bell was a teacher of the deaf. He did not know much about electricity. That was probably a good thing because most electricity masters did not think a voice could be sent over a wire. In three years of day and night effort, Bell figured out how to send sound over a changing electric current. He got his patent (专利) on the telephone on March 7, 1876. It is one of the most valuable patents ever given by the U.S.Keep your trousers onIn 1907, engineer Gideon Sundback got interested in improving a "hookless (无钩的) fastener(扣件)" patented in 1893. It was supposed to do away with the tiring work of buttoning the many buttons on clothes of the day. But the fastener did not work well.For years Sundback lay awake half the night trying to solve the problem. In 1913 he designed a hookless fastener that worked. But no one made much money on the invention until a Canadian businessman decided to call it a "zipper (拉链)". Soon millions were sold every year and trousers everywhere stopped falling down.Now that's a tiny—yet BIG—idea.。
新视野大学英语第3版Unit8课后答案和翻译第1册导语：《新视野大学英语》教材在保持第一版优势的基础上,依据《大学英语课程教学要求》的精神及大学英语教学的发展方向,对整体结构和内容进行了全面完善和提高。
下面YJBYS店铺分享新视野大学英语第3版Unit8课后答案和翻译(第1册)，欢迎参考!新视野大学英语(第三版)第1册Unit 8答案【Section A】VocabularyIII1. sources2. stable3. process4. composed5. observing6. combination7. explosion8. existence9. occupied 10. creation IV.1. at2.in3.on4.for5.on6. between7. for8.with9.at 10.ofV.1.J2.L3.G4.M5.O6.A7.I8.B9.D 10.ESentence StructureVI.1. It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2. The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3. George explained that this was the official dress for taking examination, many of which wee held in June.4. The Miracle, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long, happened at last.5. The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes through which the solution was found.VII.1. the more knowledge he will have2. the less he liked it3. the less you have to pay for it4. the more exciting it will be5. the greater progress you will makeTranslationIII.1. There are twenty universities in this city, some of which are world-famous.2. the more he thinks about it, the angrier he becomes.3. She was filled with pity for the innocent victims.4. He was occupied with his business matters and didn’t have time to think about a holiday.5. The country’s economy depends to some degree on the import of raw materials.6. After several discussions between the members of the committee, a new plan of action began to take shape.IX.1. 出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。
新视野大学英语1 unit 8单词unit08_newwordsA|@ |<1>satisfactory |a. |good enough for a particular situation or purpose |令人满意的|@ |<2>flash |vi. |1. (of an idea) come suddenly |（想法、灵感等）突然产生| | | |2. pass quickly |飞驰，掠过| |<3>particularly |ad. |especially |特别是；特别地| |<4>glow |vi. |produce a soft, steady light |发光|@ |<5>creation |n. |1. [U] the act of creating sth. |创造| | | |2. [C] sth. that has been created |作品；艺术品|@ |<6>mystery |n. |[C] sth. that is not fully understood or difficult to understand |谜；神秘的事物|@ |<7>reasonable |a. |showing common sense; fair |合理的；适当的| |<8>psychology |n. |[U] the study of the mind and how it works and influences behavior |心理学| |<9><em>psychologist</em>|n. |[C] a person who is trained in psychology |心理学家|@ |<10>process |n. |[C] a series of actions or things that produce a particular result |过程；进程| |<11>personality|n. |1. [C] a person who is well known to the public |名人| | | |2. [C, U] sb.'s character, esp. the way they behave toward other people |个性；性格| |<12>intensify |v. |make or become stronger |（使）增强，（使）加强| |<13>genius |n. |1. [C] a person of exceptional natural ability |天才| | | |2. [U] strong natural ability |天赋| |<14>philosophy |n. |[U] the study and understanding of the nature and meaning of existence |哲学|@ |<15>invention |n. |1. [U] the act of inventing sth. |发明，创造| | | |2. [C] sth. that has been invented |发明物|@ |<16>logic |n. |[U] a set of reasons sb. uses in order to reach an opinion |逻辑推理|@ |<17>signal |n. |[C] sth. intended to give information, such as a sound or action |信号，暗号| |<18>dramatic |a. |1. great and sudden; exciting and impressive |引人注目的；激动人心的| | | |2. about drama or acting |戏剧的；演戏的|@ |<19>compose |v. |write a piece of music, a letter, a poem, etc. |创作（文学或音乐作品）| | |vt. |(be ~d of) be formed from |由...组成|@ |<20>occupy |vt. |1. keep sb. busy at sth. |使忙于| | | |2. fill up (time or space) |占用（时间或空间）| |<21>fling |vt. |(flung, flung)| | | |1. move oneself or part of one's body suddenly or forcefully |突然（或急速）地移动| | | |2. throw sth. with force |猛扔；抛| |<22>couch |n. |[C] a long comfortable seat; a sofa |长沙发|@ |<23>miracle |n. |[C] sth. that cannot be explained by known laws of nature |奇迹|■|<24>mighty |a. |having or showing great power, strength, or force |强大的，巨大的| |<25>orchestra |n. |[C] a large group of musicians playing many different kinds of instruments |管弦乐队| |<26><em>orchestral</em> |a. |relating to or written for an orchestra |管弦乐的；管弦乐队的|@ |<27>contrast |n. |[C, U] a difference shown by comparing people or things |对照；差异| |<28><em>mathematician</em> |n. |[C] a person gifted or learned in mathematics |数学家|@ |<29>combination |n. |[C, U] sth. that results from two or more things being combined |结合，合并；组合物| |<30>surge |vi. |move quickly as if in waves |汹涌；涌现|@ |<31>combine |v. |(make) exist or work together |（使）结合；（使）联合|@ |<32>stable |a. |not likely to move or change |稳定的|@ |<33>existence |n. |[U] the fact or state of existing |存在|@ |<34>observe |vt. |watch sb. or sth. carefully; notice |观察；注意到|@ |<35>explosion |n.|1. [C] a sudden burst of sth. like a blast |爆发，迸发；爆炸| | | |2. [C] a sudden or quick increase in the number or amount of sth. |激增；扩大| |<36>exemplify |vt. |show sth. by an example |举例说明| |<37>certainty |n. |[U] the fact or state of being certain |确定；确定性，必然性| |<38>enthusiasm |n. |[U] great positive feeling for or interest in sth. |热情；积极性|@ |<39>representative |a. |(of ) typical of a particular group or thing |典型的，有代表性的|@ |<40>count |v. |calculate how many people or things there are in a group |记数，点数目| |<41><em>countless</em> |a. |too many to be counted |无数的，不计其数的|@ |<42>source |n. |[C] a place from which sth. comes or is acquired |源泉，来源| |<43><em>instinctive</em> |a. |based on instinct |（出于）本能的|@ |<44>responsible |a. |1. (for) being the cause of sth. |是...的原因| | | |2. (for) having the duty of looking after sb. or sth. |有责任的，承担责任的|■|<45>disorganize |vt. |destroy the organization of sth.; throw sth. into confusion |使混乱，打乱| |<46><em>disorganized</em> |a. |not arranged in a clear order |杂乱无章的；无计划的| |<47>element |n. |[C] a necessary part of a whole |元素；成分<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>| |<48>sleep on sth. | |not make a decision about sth. important until the next day |暂时不作决定，过一晚再作决定| |<49>a gift from the gods ||an unexpected benefit that is greatly valued |天赐；走运的机会| |<50>depend on | |happen according to |依靠，依赖| |<51>write down | |write sth. on a piece of paper |写下来| |<52>be occupied with | |be busy with |忙于做，专心于| |<53>seek for | |try to find; look for |寻找| |<54>as though | |as if |好像| |<55>take shape | |develop into a clear and definite form |成形| |<56>put into | |express in |（以... 方式）表达| |<57>at work | |having an effect; in operation |在起作用| |<58>arrive at | |reach (a decision, solution, or result) |达成（协议），得出（结论）| |<59>search for | |try to find; look for |搜索，寻找| |<60>fill sb. with sth. | |make sb. feel an emotion strongly |使充满（感情）<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>| |<61>Richard Wagner | | |理查德·瓦格纳（1813—1883，德国作曲家、剧作家）| |<62>Rhinegold | | |《莱茵河的黄金》（瓦格纳作品名）| |<63>Spezia | | |斯佩齐亚（意大利西北部港市）| |<64>Henri Poincare | | |亨利·庞加莱（1854—1912，法国数学家、物理学家和作家）| |<65>Fuchsian functions | | |富克斯函数| |<66>Descartes | | |笛卡尔（1596—1650，法国哲学家、数学家）B| |<1><em>creativity</em> |n. |[U] the ability to create new ideas or things |创造力| |<2>chill |v. |make or become cold |（使）变冷；冷藏| | |n. |[sing.] a feeling of coldness |寒冷；寒意|@ |<3>dip |vt. |put sth. into a liquid and lift it out again |蘸，浸|@ |<4>applaud |v. |express good opinion or favor by clapping one's hands |拍手，喝彩；称赞|@ |<5>remark |vt. |say sth., esp. about sth. one has just noticed |评论；谈论| | |n. |[C] a comment |评论；谈论|@ |<6>decade |n. |[C] a period of ten years |十年|@ |<7>convince |vt. |make sb. feel certain that sth. is true |使确信，使信服|@ |<8>capacity |n. |1. [C, U] one's ability to do sth. |才能，能力| | | |2. [sing.] the ability to hold or contain sth. |容量，容积| |<9>impulse |n. |[C] a sudden wish to do sth. |冲动；刺激|@ |<10>potential |n. |[U] qualities that exist and can be developed |潜力，潜能| | |a. |likely to happen or become so, although not actually existing at present |潜在的| |<11>reservoir |n. |1. [C] a large amount of sth. that is available and has not yet been used |贮藏，蓄积| | | |2. [C] |水库| |<12>concrete |a. |definite and specific |具体的| |<13>capture |vt. |1. catch sb. or sth. |捕获，捕捉| | | |2. seize; occupy |夺得；占领| |<14><em>fleeting</em> |a. |passing quickly; not lasting long |飞逝的；短暂的| |<15>carriage |n. |[C] |四轮马车| |<16>scarcely |ad. |1. only a moment ago |仅仅；才| | | |2. almost not; hardly |几乎不|@ |<17>awake |v. |(awoke, awoken) wake up or make sb. wake up |（使）醒来；唤醒|@ |<18>recall |v. |bring back to memory; remember |回想，回忆起| |<19>fortunately |ad. |by good chance; luckily |幸运地| |<20>sketch |v.|make a quick or simple drawing or painting |勾画，绘草图| |<21>fertile |a. |1. (of a person's mind) inventive; full of new ideas |（思想、创意等）丰富的| | | |2. (of land) able to produce good crops |（土地）肥沃的，富饶的|@ |<22>advantage |n. |[C, U] a good quality or condition |优势；有利条件|@ |<23>productive |a. |1. achieving a lot |有收益的，富有成效的| | | |2. producing or able to produce goods or crops, esp. in large quantities |多产的|@ |<24>disturb |vt. |interrupt sb. or make sb. worried or upset |打扰；妨碍；使烦恼| |<25><em>undisturbed</em> |a. |not being disturbed |未受打扰(或妨碍) 的|@ |<26>associate |n. |[C] a partner or colleague |合作人；同事|@ |<27>invent |vt. |make or produce a new thing or idea for the first time |发明，创造| |<28><em>inventor</em> |n. |[C] a person who invents sth. |发明者，发明家|@ |<29>claim |vt. |state to be true, even though not proved |声称；自称| |<30>engineering |n. |[U] the work involved in designing and building roads, bridges, machines, etc. |工程|@ |<31>string |n. |[C, U] a strong thread, esp. used for tying things up |细绳|■|<32>pliers |n. |(pl.) |钳子|@ |<33>motion |n. |[U] the act of moving from one place or position to another |运动|@★|<34>pendulum |n. |[C] |钟摆|@ |<35>swing |v. |(swung, swung) move back and forth or from one side to another from a fixed point |摇摆，摆动|@ |<36>context |n. |1. [C, U] the general conditions in which sth. takes place |(事情发生的) 环境，背景| | | |2. [C, U] words that come before and after a word, phrase, statement, etc. |上下文|@ |<37>transfer |v. |move from one place or job to another |转移；调动|@ |<38>principle |n. |[C] a basic truth, law, or theory |原则；原理|@ |<39>enhance |vt. |improve |提高，增强| |<40>vitamin |n. |[C] |维生素| |<41>therapy |n. |[C, U] the treatment of illness |治疗| |<42>novel |a. |not like anything known before; new |新颖的，新奇的| |<43><em>potentially</em> |ad. |possibly true in the future, but not true now |可能地；潜在地| |<44>fascinating|v. |extremely interesting |迷人的；有吸引力的<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>| |<45>right away | |at once; without delay |立刻| |<46>act on / upon | |act according to |依照...行动| |<47>come one's way | |occur so that one has it or gets it |发生在某人身上；可以被某人利用| |<48>fall asleep | |go into a state of sleep |睡着| |<49>take advantage of | |1. make use of |利用| | | |2. treat sb. unfairly in order to get sth. |（不公正地）利用某人| |<50>bring sb. together | |arrange for people to meet and do sth. together |使聚在一起；使联合| |<51>lead to | |cause sth. to happen |引发，导致| |<52>at once | |at the same time; all at one time |同时| |<53>set (sth.) in motion | |cause (sth.) to start moving or happening |使...运转起来；启动| |<54>back and forth | |going in one direction and then in the opposite direction |来回，前后| |<55>take up | |start doing sth. as a habit, job, or interest |开始从事；对...产生兴趣<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>| |<56>Edison | | |爱迪生（1847—1931，美国发明家）| |<57>Picasso | | |毕加索（1881—1973，西班牙画家）| |<58>Shakespeare | | |莎士比亚（1564—1616，英国戏剧家和诗人）| |<59>Ludwig van Beethoven | | |路德维希·凡·贝多芬（1770—1827，德国作曲家）| |<60>Salvador Dali | | |萨尔瓦多·达利（1904—1989，西班牙超现实主义画家）| |<61>Edwin Land | | |埃德温·兰德（1909—1991，美国发明家，宝丽来相机的发明者）| |<62>Polaroid | | |宝丽来相机| |<63>Santa Fe | | |圣菲（美国新墨西哥州首府）。
Unit 8Section A Birth of Bright IdeasNo satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. Y ou think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods.Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to ";Rhinegold". Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing. On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He recognized that the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold", which he must have carried about within him yet had never been able to put it into form, had at last taken its shape within him. In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. For weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations but he arrived at no result. One night he drank some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours. Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness.A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came toDescartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. Then in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum ("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes' experiences are representative of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.Unit8-A奇思妙想是如何形成的，现在还没有令人满意的解释。
第教学周/第节（第次课）第 1 页教学目的Teaching Objectives: To talk about gender differences in friendshipsTo understand the text’s structure and main idea To learn phrases and patterns from the textTo master contrast paragraph writing skill教学重点与难点1.Know how to analyze and use writing devices2. Drills of important phrases in the text3. Know how to analyze the narrative style of the writer and the development of the process about the content, and use these devices教学方法与手段1. lecture and explanation2. discussion and retelling3. PowerPoint4. deduction教学的基本内容Unit 8, Section A: Gender variables in friendship:Contradiction or not?Teaching Procedures:Pre-reading ActivitiesStep 1. GreetingsGreet the whole class warmly.Step 2. Lead-in and preparation for readingLet them talk to each other about the following questions:1. How do you understand friendship?2. Have you ever noticed any gender differences in your friendship with others?Step 3. Fast readingAsk the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure: ( structured writing ) The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1 (para.1) I ntroduction: The “movie” memories I have of my female friendsand male friends are completely different.Part 2 (para.2-4) ExamplesPart 3 (Para.5-6) Conclusion: gender differences in my communication styles andthe explanation教学的基本内容and writing ability and understand the Purpose: Improve the students’ readinggeneral idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based languageteaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physicalresponse method.Step 4. Preparation for details of the text on the screenStudents are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:ability of understandi n g and using foreign Purpose: Train the Students’ language.Method:Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1. (Para.1) be sensitive to对······敏感In this highly globalized world, failure to be sensitive to new information technology will lead to loss of golden opportunity for a nation’s development.在当今高度全球化的世界中，对新兴信息技术不敏感将会导致一个国家错失发展良机。
第四册UNIT 1 Afallacyn.谬论；谬见pactn.协定；契约；盟约；条约shrewda.1（人）精明的，机敏的；2（决定和判断）准确的，英明的well-offa.富裕的；有钱的dyevt.给…染色n.（用于染衣服、头发等的）染料，染剂makeupn.1化妆品；2组成；构造；结构elitea.精英的；精锐的n.（社会）精英；上层人士radianta.1容光焕发的；喜悦的；2灿烂的；明亮的counterpartn.职务相当的人；职能相当的物pearln.1有见识的评说，智慧的结晶（尤为反话）；2珍珠bannera.极好的；非常成功的n.横幅；横幅标语situateda.位于…；坐落于…expresswayn.高速公路venuen.（事件的）发生地点；（活动的）场所luminousa.1很明亮的；灿烂的；2发光的；夜明的stereo n.立体声音响（设备）pedaln.（自行车、车辆或机器的）脚踏板gumn.1口香糖；2牙龈；齿龈staplen.1主要内容；基本特点；2订书钉a.主要的；最重要的distortvt.1歪曲；曲解；2使变形；使失真；使反常stumpv.使困惑；难倒n.树桩；树墩obesityn.过度肥胖；肥胖症explanatorya.说明的；解释的underwaya.在进行中的inferencen.推理；推断；断定analyticala.头脑周密的；善于分析的；分析的conversionn.转变；改造；转换prematurea.1（做事）过早的，过快的，草率的，仓促的，不成熟的；2过早的；提早的；3（婴儿）早产的surpassvt.超过；胜过premisen.1前提；2(~s)[pl.]（企业或组织使用的）房屋及土地，经营场所tacticn.方法；策略；手法flattervt.奉承；阿谀；向…谄媚flatteryn.恭维；奉承；阿谀；谄媚discernvt.1（尤指仔细思考或研究之后）看出，觉察出，辨明；2看到；听到；辨认出crumblevt.崩溃；瓦解；消失v.弄碎；（使）成碎屑flarevi.1突然发怒；突然爆发；2突然烧旺；闪耀propositionn.1（尤指涉及商业或政治的）提议，建议；2请愿人；请求者；3起诉人；（向法院）petitionern.1请愿人；请求者；2起诉人；（向法院）提出申请者axen.1撤销；取消；解雇；2斧；斧头；长柄斧ingeniousa.1（人）有独创性的；2（设备或计划等）别出心裁的，构思巧妙的musculara.1肌肉发达的强壮的retortvt.反驳；回嘴dripv.滴（水）；漏（水）；n.1滴答声；滴水声；滴下；2液滴sarcasmn.讽刺；嘲笑；挖苦disclosuren.被公开的秘密；公开；透露；披露make a pact约好；达成协议in exchange for作为（对…的）交换（或替代）set a date for为…定日期appeal to1诉诸；唤起；2吸引；感染make/draw an analogy between 在…之间作类比make sth.out of sb./sth.使…变成…give sb.the axe1抛弃(恋人等)；和某人一刀两断；2解雇某人；开除某人be dripping with sth.满是…；充满/充溢…UNIT 2 Arehearsaln.排练；排演balda.1少发的；无发的；秃头的；2磨光的；掉光的arroganta.傲慢的；自大的transienta.1短暂的；转瞬即逝的；2流动性的；临时的affixvt.使…固定；粘上；贴上allotmentn.1份额；配额；分配；2（可租用的）小块菜地groomvt.1梳妆；打扮；2擦洗，刷洗（动物，尤指马）groomingn.1打扮；修饰；2刷洗动物（尤指马匹）strandn.1（线、绳、头发等的）股，缕；2（构成整体的）组成部分，方面eclipsevt.1使黯然失色；使相形见绌；光芒盖过；2出现（日食、月食等）；遮住…的光magnifyvt.1夸大；夸张；2（尤指使用特殊设备）放大deficienta.1不足的；有缺陷的；2缺乏的；不足的chronica.1（问题、困难）一直有的，反复出现的；2（疾病）慢性的，长期的inborna.天生的；与生俱来的thighn.1大腿；股；2（供食用的禽类的）腿部accessoryn.1服装搭配物；小配件；2附件；零件；配件violetn.1紫罗兰色；蓝紫色；2紫罗兰花outfitn.（尤指在特殊场合穿的）全套服装；vt.为…提供全套服装（设备）；装备；配备aislen.（教堂、剧院或飞机上两排座位间或超市货架间的）通道，过道warfaren.1作战；交战；战争；2（不同集团之间的）斗争，冲突bronzevt.使变成古铜色（如通过日晒n.1青铜；古铜；2青铜色；古铜色appliancen.家用电器；家用器具clayn.黏土adherevi.1(~to)遵守；拥护；坚信；2粘着；附着viaprep.1通过，借助于（某种手段或人）；2经过；取道elasticityn.1弹性；弹力；2灵活性；伸缩性complexionn.1面色；面容；2一般性质；一般特性plastervt.1涂抹；2覆盖；盖住n.（涂抹墙壁和天花板用的）灰泥，灰cosmeticn.(~s)[pl.]化妆品；美容品；a.化妆的；美容的obsessionn.1迷恋；着魔；2令人着迷的人；使人表达对…的看法着迷的事物obsesseda.着迷的；心神不宁的lipstickn.口红；唇膏perfumen.1香水；2芳香；香味gorgeousa.1非常漂亮的；极其迷人的；2令人十分愉快的；极好的homogeneousa.(alsohomogenous)同类的conformityn.遵照；遵从；符合appeasevt.平息；安抚；抚慰prosecutionn.起诉；指控outragen.1义愤；愤慨；震怒；2暴行；恶行；污辱；冒犯complementvt.1与…相配；与…互补；2补充subjectivea.主观的excuse oneself礼貌地告辞come up with1想出，提出（主意或答案等）；2拿出，提供（钱款)stick to sth.1遵守；信守；坚持；2继续使用；继续做affix value to sth.确定…的价值；认为…有价值in hopes of怀有…的希望reach out to1请求…的帮助；2为…提供帮助become/be obsessed with sth./sb.（变得）对…迷恋；（变得）对…着迷voice an opinion onUNIT 3 Arectangulara.长方形的；矩形的reshufflevt.1重新安排；2(机构或组织内）人事调整，改组dispersev.1传播；散发；2（使）分散；驱散exquisitea.精致的；精美的stockholdern.股票（证券）持有人；股东deducevt.推断；推理clann.家族；宗族；氏族juvenilen.1少年；2少年犯a.少年犯的invalidn.病弱者；伤残者a.1久病的；残疾的；（尤指）永久残疾的；2（法律上）无效的，作废的alloyn.合金skylinen.（建筑物或群山在天空映衬下的）轮廓（线），天际线terrainn.（常指带有独特地貌的）地带，地形，地势radarn.雷达navigationn.1领航术；导航术；航海术；2航海；航空；航行revivev.1（使）复兴；（使）重新流行；2（使）苏醒；（使）复活alumnusn.校友administratevt.管理；掌管chartern.1（船、飞机等的）包租；包租的船（飞机等）；2章程；宪章；3（政府或统治者特许城镇、组织或大学存在并享有特权的）特许状，许可证vt.（尤指群体）包租（船、飞机、公共汽车）disruptvt.中断；扰乱draftvt.起草，草拟（计划、信件、报告等）n.（计划、信件或绘画等的）草稿，草案prototypen.原型；雏形；样本regionn.地区；区域quantifyvt.用数量表示；量化；测定…的数量elapsevi.（时间）过去，流逝interimn.在此期间a.临时的；暂时的；过渡性的patriotn.爱国者fusev.（使）融合；（使）结合n.保险丝intermediarya.中间的；中介的n.中间人；调解人hubn.（地域、系统、活动等的）中心，枢纽streamlinevt.1精简（企业、组织、流程等）使效率更高；2把…设计成流线型；把…做成流线型disjointeda.不连贯的；不协调的；杂乱无章的decentralizev.（使）（政府、组织等的部门）分散decentralizeda.分散的stabn.1(infml.)（尤指没有经验时的）试图，尝试；2刺；戳；捅；扎vt.刺；戳；捅frugalityn.节俭；节约gasolinen.汽油precedentn.1（可援引的）先例，判例；2前例；先例dentala.(牙齿的centralizationn.集中；集权（化）fixturen.1固定物；固定成员；2固定家具或设备trappingsn.（表示财富、权力、重要性等的）财物，标志couriern.信使forerunnern.先驱；先导；前身spheren.1（兴趣、活动、工作等的）范围，领域；2球体touch down（飞机等）降落，着陆hold sb./sth.in high regard敬重；尊敬pick on sb.找…的茬；与…过不去；（尤指）不公正地责备…be onto something发现新事物；制作出有趣的事物take/have/make a stab at doin g sth.试图（做）某事；尝试（做）某事boil down to sth. （能）归结为…from time to time 有时；间或UNIT 4 Ademocracyn.1民主；民主政体；2民主管理congressmann.（美国）国会议员，（尤指）众议员constituentn.1选区的选民；2成分；构成部分a.构成的segregatevt.1使（地方或东西中的一部分）分离；使隔离；2（尤指因种族、性别、宗教不同而）使分开，使分离，使隔离consolidatev.1合并；统一；2加强，巩固（取得的权力、成功等）differentiatev.区分；区别vt.构成…间的差别；使…不同于definitivea.1最好的；2确定的；最后的；决定性的sanea.1明智的；清醒的；2心智健全的；神志正常的ecologicala.生态的ozonen.臭氧depletevt.减少；削减depletionn.减少；削减correlationn.相互关系；联系；关联ecologyn.生态；生态学thermala.热的；热量的；由热造成的atlasn.地图册planetarya.1地球（上）的；全球的；世界范围的；2行星的reversiblea.可逆转的；可倒转的chordn.1引起（某人的）共鸣；触动（某人的）心弦；2（音乐的）和弦；和音regimen.政权parametern.界限；范围overta.公开的；公然的allegevt.（未经证实地）宣称，指责，指控incompatiblea.不相容的；不兼容的；不协调的dreadfula.1使人震惊的；可怕的；2糟透了的；非常讨厌的eradicatevt.根除sovereigntyn.1主权；最高统治权；最高权威；2（国家的）主权，独立主权coalitionn.1（常为某种政治目的而组成的）联盟，同盟；2（政党之间的）联盟，联合legislativea.立法的legalizationn.合法化propagatevt.散布，宣传（观点、信仰等）bizarrea.古怪的；怪诞的；奇异的cariboun.北美驯鹿standoffn.僵持；均衡versusprep.1与…相比；2（体育比赛或诉讼中）以…为对手negligiblea.微不足道的；极小的ecosystemn.生态系统sawn.锯；v.(sawed sawn)（用锯子）锯，锯开chopvt.切；劈；砍n.（羊、猪等）排骨timbern.木材；木料maneuvern.1细小的动作；巧妙的移动；2诡计；花招；伎俩v.1小心地移动；巧妙地移动；2（用巧妙或不诚实的手段）谋得habitatn.（动物的）栖息地；（植物的）生长地geologyn.1地质构成；地质结构；2地质学hierarchyn.1等级系列；2[C U]等级制度intelligiblea.明白易懂的；可理解的；differentiate between区分…；把…进行区分take on呈现（某种特征、面貌等）run/go against the grain与…格格不入；违反本性be incompatible with(of one thing or person)与…不相容的与…不能共存的come through1安然度过（困难或危险）；2（信息或消息等）传来in part在某种程度上；部分地as…as the next person/man像其他人一样choose sth.over sth.else 优先选择（某物）而非（另一物）at a…cost以…的代价；花费…be bound up/together联系在一起be in order1适宜，恰当；2be correct or right妥当，无误frame/state of mind心情；心态UNIT 5 Apeninsulan.半岛confidentiala.1（言谈举止）神秘的，隐秘的；2机密的；机要的confidentiallyad.私下里；悄悄地recipientn.接受者；领受者nominala.1名义上的；有名无实的；2（钱、收费等）微不足道的，象征性的emigrantn.移居外国者；移民taboon.禁忌；忌讳；a.1禁忌的；忌讳的；2忌讳的；为社会习俗所不容的scallopn.扇贝garlicn.蒜；大蒜flankn.1肋部；肋腹；2（军队或球队的）侧翼vt.两侧有…；位于…两侧cucumbern.黄瓜lunara.月亮的mutterv.嘀咕；咕哝；低声说trayn.1托盘；浅盘；碟子；2（办公桌上存放文件等的）格子，公文盘foiln.（尤指包裹食品的）箔magistraten.地方法官；治安法官breachvt.违背；违反n.1违背；违反；2（关系的）破裂，中断etiquetten.社交礼仪；礼节colonyn.1聚集人群；聚居地（区）；2殖民地configurationn.构造；结构；布局fabricatevt.1编造；捏造；2制造；生产triben.1部落；部族；2（兴趣相同的）一批（人），一伙（多含贬义）censorshipn.（对书籍、电影、信件等的）审查consecutivea.连续的；不间断的aerospacea.航空航天（工业）的；宇航的n.航空航天工业；宇航工业prodv.1激励；促使；督促；2（用手指或尖物）刺，戳，捅proceedingn.1事件；（系列）活动；2诉讼；3会议记录reciprocala.相互的；交互的；互惠的denotevt.1表示（是…的符号、标志等）；代表；2意指；表示bracketvt.1（用括号）把…括在一起；2把…归入一类；将…相提并论n.圆括弧；圆括号inconsistencyn.1不一致；前后矛盾；2（行为或反应）反复无常，变化不定gulfn.1分歧；鸿沟；隔阂；2海湾spectatorn.（尤指体育赛事的）观众deductionn.1推论；推断；演绎；2扣除；扣除额temporala.1时间的；受时间限制的；短暂的；2（与宗教相对应的）世俗的；尘世的ornamentvt.装饰；点缀；美化n.装饰；点缀；装饰品；点缀品hedgevt.用树篱围住；vi.避免直接答复（或明确决定）；规避n.（灌木或小树）树篱intolerancen.不宽容；不容异己；偏执judiciaryn.司法系统；司法部maliciousa.恶意的；恶毒的honorarya.1（称号、头衔或学位）荣誉的；2（职位）名义上的，无报酬的；3（成员）名誉的sieven.细筛；筛子；滤网vt.筛；滤nicetyn.1细微区别；细节；2（行为的）恰当，得体crustn.1面包皮；2硬薄外层；外壳；3地壳compositen.合成物；混合物a.合成的；混合成的exteriora.外部的；外面的；外表的n.（尤指建筑物的）外部，外面junctionn.（公路、铁路等的）汇合点，交叉口starve(sb./oneself)to death （使）饿死be attached to 1与…有联系；2是…的特征on the side作为副业；作为兼职be suspicious of感觉（某人或某事）不可信任；怀疑get/come to the point切入主题wander around1离题；2漫游；闲逛；漫步；游荡hedge…in with/by…1以…限制某人（的自由、机会等）；2包围；围住be representative of有代表性的；代表…的if anything1如果有什么不同；如果有什么变化；2甚至正相反；甚至还不如说UNIT 6 A、gridn.1输电网；电力网；2格子；方格；网格commonwealthn.1州（用于美国某些州的正式名称中）；2（由在政治或经济上有联系的国家组成的）联合体；3英联邦roostern.公鸡crown.1（雄鸡的）啼叫；2乌鸦vi.（公鸡）啼叫shepherdn.牧羊人；羊倌weldv.锻接，焊接（金属）vt.使联合；使结合；使成为整体weldern.焊工cabinetn.1（有拉门、隔板和抽屉的）储藏柜；陈列柜；橱；柜；2内阁lubricatevt.1使润滑；给…加润滑剂（油）；2使顺利进行；促进tractn.1大片（土地）；2（体内的）系统，道shuttern.1百叶窗；2（照相机的）快门livern.1（人体的）肝脏；2（供食用的）动物肝脏coppern.1铜；紫铜；红铜；2红棕色；紫铜色mugn.1（尤指喝啤酒用的）有柄大杯子；2（主要用于喝热饮的）大杯brewery n.啤酒厂；啤酒公司racecoursen.赛马跑道；赛马场spinala.脊椎的；脊柱的ribn.1肋骨；2肋条（肉）；排骨ulcern.溃疡optica.眼睛的；视觉的receptorn.感受器；受体martyrn.1（尤指因疾病）长期受痛苦的人；2烈士；殉道者patriotismn.爱国主义；爱国精神；爱国心fortn.堡垒；城堡outpostn.1（军队的）前哨站，前哨基地；2（通常作为贸易点的）边远居民点wrenchn.1扳手；扳钳；2猛拉；猛扭；猛拧vt.猛拉；猛扭；猛拧screwn.螺丝；螺丝钉vt.用（螺丝）固定，拧紧levyvt.征（税）sovereigna.1权力至高无上的；2（国家）主权独立的，有主权的traversevt.(fml.)越过；穿过；横穿allegedlyad.(fml.)据说；据宣称wedgevt.夹住；楔入；插入n.楔子；三角木textilen.1纺织品；织物；2织布工艺；纺织业milln.1工厂；制造厂；2磨粉厂；磨坊banknoten.钞票；纸币aliena.1陌生的；2外国的；异域的；异族的；3外星球的；外星人的lightweighta.1重量轻的；薄型的；2轻松的；不重要的；无足轻重的couponn.优惠券；礼券；赠券errandn.差使；跑腿telescopen.望远镜twinklevi.1闪烁；闪耀；2（眼睛因高兴而）发亮，发光n.1闪烁；闪耀；2（眼睛的）发亮shaftn.1一道，一束（光线）；2（工具的）长柄；矛杆；3狭长的通道；竖井deductivea.推理的；推断的；演绎的racketn.1吵闹声；喧嚷声；2（网球等的）球拍emancipatevt.解放；使不受束缚dockn.1码头；船坞；2码头区；港区symmetricala.对称的symmetricallyad.对称地Republicana.（美国）共和党的n.（美国）共和党人，共和党支持者lordshipn.贵族身份；贵族地位rebellionn.1反抗；反叛；2造反；叛乱；起义mediatorn.调停者；调解者；解决纷争的人（机构) off(the)grid1远离公共设施的；自给自足的；2脱离电网的scrape by勉强维持生活；勉强糊口extract sth.from sth.1从…中取出；从…中拔出；2从…中提取；从…中提炼run errands跑腿cater to sb./sth.迎合；满足；投合make a racket吵闹；喧嚣emancipate sb.from sth.使…摆脱；使…不受束缚(have)a say on/over sth.（有）发言权；（有）发言机会UNIT 7 Adensityn.密度triplev.（使）成为三倍，增加两倍；a.有三个同类事物的；三重的uraniumn.铀monopolyn.1（公司或个人的）垄断；2垄断公司fossiln.1矿物燃料；2化石treatyn.（国家或政府间的）条约particulatesn.（造成空气污染的）颗粒，微粒polln.民意调查；民意测验；民意调查的结果insurgentn.起义者；暴动者；叛乱者；违反者extincta.（动、植物或语言等）灭绝的，绝种的，消失的indefinitea.1无限期的；（时间）不确定的；2不清楚的；模糊的；含糊的wispn.（云、烟或头发等的）一缕，一小束hithertoad.到目前为止；迄今synthesisn.1综合物；综合体；综合；2合成plateauvi.（在一段时间的发展之后）趋于平稳，进入停滞期n.1（经过一段时间的发展之后的）稳定时期，停滞时期linear a.1线的；直线的；2涉及一连串直接相关的事物的；线性的fusionn.1核聚变；2（风格、思想、设计等的）融合，结合confederationn.同盟；联盟solara.太阳的；与太阳有关的；来自太阳的glittervi.闪烁；闪耀；n.闪烁；闪耀glitteringa.1闪闪发光的；2盛大的；华丽的；众星云集的intricatea.1复杂精细的；盘根错节的；2复杂难解的；难理解的；难学会的gadgetn.设计精巧的小机械（装置）fringen.1边缘；边界；2（衣服等的）穗，流苏，缘饰apparatusn.器械；仪器；设备；装置combustionn.燃烧semiconductorn.半导体transistorn.晶体管rotarya.旋转的；转动的；旋转式的n.环形交通枢纽；环岛turbinen.涡轮机；透平机clockwisead.顺时针方向地counterclockwisead.逆时针方向地axisn.(pl.axes)轴；轴线viablea.切实可行的；值得做的slashvt.大幅度削减n.斜线（号）clearingn.（森林里的）空旷地带outflown.1（水、空气等由某物中的）流出；2（大量金钱或人员的）外流excavationn.1l挖掘；开凿；2（考古性的）发掘，挖掘biomassn.（用作燃料的）生物质standbya.备用的；待命的n.备用的人（或物）ventilatevt.1使通风；使空气流通；2发表（意见或看法）；表达（感情）diffusev.1扩散；渗透；弥漫；2传播；散播vt.减弱，平息（不良情绪或局面）dioxiden.二氧化物automationn.自动化系统；自动化bulletinn.1（俱乐部或机构的）简报，会刊；2公告；公报；告示hingev.给…装铰链n.（门或箱子上的）铰链，合页unifyv.（使）统一；（使）成一体unifieda.统一的supersonica.超音速的inauguratevt.1开创；创始；引进；2为…举行开幕式；为…举行落成典礼；3为…举行就职典礼；使正式就任collaborationn.合作；协作factor sth.in/factor in sth. 把…计入be projected to do sth.预计要on a…scale规模地；以…规模；在…范围内fill up（被）填满；（使）注满；（使）充满；（使）装满clear up1清理；收拾；2解释；解决；解答；3（天气）好转，转晴be derived from源自；源于；从…中取得pose a risk to sth.对…造成危险hinge on/upon sth.依…而定;取决于…be upon sb.即将来临UNIT 8 Aangeln.1天使（指仁慈、善良或美丽的人）2天使obituaryn.讣告；讣闻seminarn.1（大学里小组学生与老师讨论某一课题的）讨论课，研讨班；2专题讨论会；研讨会specimenn.1某一类人；家伙（常为幽默用法）；2（用于测试或检验的）样本，样品，标本；3（尤指动植物的）实例assassinn.刺客；暗杀者seculara.非宗教的；与宗教无关的；世俗的oathn.誓言；誓约；誓词graphica.1绘画的；2详细的，细致的（尤指包含令人不愉快的细节）brochuren.小册子leafletn.散页印刷品；传单audioa.音频的；声频的；录音的；播音的n.（电子设备上录制、播放的）声音；（尤指）音乐batchn.1一批；一组；2（食物、药品等的）一批生产量（投料量）enclosuren.1圈地；围场；2（信的）附件vaporn.蒸汽；水汽siegen.包围；围困；封锁boycottn.抵制行为；杯葛行动vt.抵制；排斥；拒绝参加incurvt.1招致（不快之事）；遭受；2引致（钱财损失、债务、费用开支）；蒙受；造成wrathn.愤怒；狂怒judiciousa.明智的；明断的；有见地的mastermindvt.策划；组织n.（尤指犯罪活动的）出谋划策者，主谋malpracticen.玩忽职守；渎职；失职lawsuitn.诉讼suev.（通常为索赔而）起诉，控告passionatea.感情强烈的；激昂的ministeriala.大臣的；部长的parliamentarya.议会的；国会的sidelinen.1（球场的）界外区域，场外区域；2兼职；副业revengen.1复仇；报复；2（体育比赛中曾经失利一方的）雪耻kitn.1成套工具；成套设备；2（运动用的）成套装备；3配套元件；组装元件chroniclevt.将（某事件）载入编年史；记载n.编年史；年代记expectancyn.期待；期望life expectancyn.1（人或动物的）预期寿命；2（某物的）预期使用寿命；使用期；有效期stalkvt.1（为捉拿或杀死某人或动物而）悄悄地跟踪，潜近；2跟踪；盯梢vi.（高傲或气愤地）大步行走，大踏步走condolencen.（尤指有人去世时所表示的）同情，吊唁terminatev.（使）终结；（使）停止questionnairen.调查问卷；调查表stripen.条纹；条带stripeda.有条纹的pajamasn.睡衣裤retrospectivea.1涉及以往的；追溯的；回顾的；2（法律或判决）有追溯效力的infinityn.1无限；无穷；2无穷大；无限多successorn.继承人；继任者；接班人antibioticn.抗生素；抗菌素vaccinatevt.给…接种疫苗；给…打预防针capen.1披肩；披风；斗篷；2海角；岬crusadern.社会改革家cemeteryn.墓地；公墓turn up1（尤指意外地）到达，来到；2（意外地）被找到，被发现put out展示；张贴；公告alert sb.to sth.提醒（某人）注意；引起（某人）重视lay siege to sth./sb.1向…展开攻势；2开始包围；围攻follow suit 跟着做；仿效in the face of面对stand/stay/remain on the sideli nes袖手旁观；置身事外get revenge(on sb.)for sth.因为…报复（某人）；因为…（向某人）复仇appeal to sb.to do sth.恳请某人做某事；呼吁某人做某事。
新视野英语教程1Unit8词汇Language points of unit eight:1.dailyadj.done or happening every day 日常的[例] Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily lives. 计算机将在日常生活中起越来越重要的作用。
adv.e very day 每日；天天[例] The tide comes in twice daily. 每天涨潮两次。
n.[C] a newspaper printed and sold every day except Sunday 日报[例] I forgot to buy today's China Daily. 我忘了买今天的《中国日报》。
[例] You can read the news in all the dailies. 你可以在所有的日报上看到这条新闻。
2. v erbaladj.1. connected with words and their use 用言辞的；文字上的[例] verbal communication 口头交际[例] John has very good verbal skills. 约翰有很强的文字能力。
2. spoken, not written 口头的；非书面的[例] a verbal description 口头描述[例] They finally reached a verbal agreement. 他们最终达成了口头协议。
3. g esturev.c all or direct with a movement of the body 用手势表示；用动作示意[例] He gestured angrily at me. 他气愤地对我做手势。
[例] She gestured me over with a movement of her head. 她摆动一下头示意我过去。
Unit 8Section A Birth of Bright IdeasNo satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. Y ou think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods.Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to ";Rhinegold". Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing. On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He recognized that the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold", which he must have carried about within him yet had never been able to put it into form, had at last taken its shape within him. In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. For weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations but he arrived at no result. One night he drank some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours. Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness.A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came toDescartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. Then in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum ("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes' experiences are representative of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.Unit8-A奇思妙想是如何形成的，现在还没有令人满意的解释。
New wordsUnit 8 TEXT Agendern.[C, U] the fact of being male or female 性别Some research tells us that between ages two and five, children become aware of gender. 有研究告诉我们，孩子在2岁到5岁之间开始对性别有所认识。
variablen.[C] sth. that may be different in different situations, so that you cannot be sure what will happen 易变的事；可变因素With so many variables, the exact cost of this experiment is difficult to estimate. 有这么多可变因素，这项实验的确切成本难以估算。
a.likely to change often 易变的；多变的These charges and interest rates are variable and the Bank reserves the right to change them. 这些费用和利率是可变的，本银行保留更改的权利。
contradictionn.[C] a difference between two statements, beliefs, or ideas about sth. that means they cannot both be true 矛盾；不一致It is a contradiction to say you support him but would not vote for him in the election. 你说你支持他，但选举时又不会选他，这是自相矛盾的。
intimatea.having an extremely close friendship亲密的；密切的Katie has been on intimate terms with Jane since college. 凯蒂从大学开始就和简关系亲密。
新视野英语1unit8⼀、课题：Unit 8⼆、教学时间：2 periods三、教学⽬的：Telling apartTesting your earsOpening your mouthTalking togetherEnjoying yourself四、教学重点、难点：Listening and speaking五、教学⽅法设计：Teach, listen and discussions in groups or pairs.六、教学内容：Step 1 Telling apartTask 1 Listening to 8 sentences, circle the word you hear in each sentence.Task 2 Read sounds and words after the recording and compare them.Task 3 Practice reading some proverbs and tongue twisters.Step 2 Testing your earsTask 1 Listen to 8 questions, choose the correct answer for each of them.Task 2 Listen to 8 short conversations, decide on the correct answer for each of them.Task 3 Listen to a short conversation and say T or F to the statements.Step 3 Opening your mouthTask 1 Read and memorize the expressions in the short conversations.Task 2 Read the following conversations after the conversations and pay attention to the expressions for taking leave.Task 3 Act out conversations and create more according to the given situations.Step 4 Talking togetherTask 1 Look at the following conversation. Discuss it with your partner and decide on the best answer for each blank.Task 2 Collect some information about how people in different countries take leave and respond to farewell. Then report your findings to the class.Task 3 Listen to 3 conversations, Circle the number of each conversation next to the picture in the chart, and complete the information below.Task 4 Complete the conversation with the words given in the box and practice it with your partner.Step 5 Listen to the story, read it and enjoy the humor in it.Step 6 Summary: Listening and speakingStep 7 Assignments:Make a dialog in pairs.⼀、课题：Unit8 Section A Body Language in Daily Use⼆、教学时间：2 periods三、教学⽬的：Words and ExpressionsReading ComprehensionExercises四、教学重点、难点：Reading Comprehension五、教学⽅法设计：Explain the key pointsDiscussion in class六、教学内容：Step 1 Review key points in unit 7.Leading in: Introduction to the topicQuestions for discussion:When communicating with others, what gestures or body language movements do you often use? ( waving my hand nodding my head shaking my headWrinkling my eyebrows rubbing my nose)What do the following gestures mean to you?( feeling happy smilingRude sticking one’s tongue outBeing surprised opening one’s mouth wideBeing offended raising one’s eyebrowsShowing respect bowing)Step 2 Study new words and expressions in Text A.Practice reading.Explain words and expressions.Step 3 Detailed study of the text.1. along withI was chosen, along with three other students, to take part in the speech contest.She went downstairs to get the newspaper along with a letter in the mailbox.2. end withIt is also interesting to note that in talking, Americans are likely to end a sentence with a dropping of the head or hand, as well as with a lowering of the eyelids.Meaning: Also, you will feel interested to see that while Americans are talking, they will lower their heads or hands at the end of each sentence, and lower their eyelids, too.end with: bring something to an end with something or doing something以……结束He ended his speech with "Thanks".他以"谢谢"结束⾃⼰的讲话。
