ROMEINTRODUCTION 引言Imagine seeing men battle wild animals such as lions, tigers, and elephants. Imagine seeing chariot races in an arena that held over 50,000 people. If you were a boy, you wouldn’t wear pants! You would wear long shirts instead. Can you speak Latin? That’s the language you would speak if you lived in ancient Rome.Today, Rome is the capital of Italy. Italy is a country in southern Europe. Modern Rome is a busy, commercial center and a popular city with tourists. It is a city known for its beauty and rich culture. Because of its long history, Rome is often called “The Eternal City.”Let’s explore the Rome of long ago and today.1.imagine v. 想像；设想2.battle v. 和……搏斗3.chairot n. 双轮战车(比赛马车)4.arena n. 角斗场tin n. 拉丁语6.ancient adj. 古代的mercial adj. 商业的；贸易的8.culture n. 文化9.the Eternal City 不朽城(罗马的别称)10.explore v. 探索；探究ROME：THEN AND NOW罗马:历史与今天Rome was the center of a great civilization long ago. Laws and government were very important to its people. Ancient Romans were also great builders, especially of roads and waterways Many of their ideas about government and building are still important to us today.Long ago, the Romans united different lands into an empire. The Roman Empire covered most of Europe. Rome was the most important city in the empire. More than a million people lived there. An emperor ruled this vest empire. Under one ruler, many of the people in the empire led comfortable lives. There were few wars. It was a time of peace.Look at the two maps. How is the Roman Empire different from and the same as modern Italy? Can you tell which modern countries used to be part of the Roman Empire? Along what body of water are most of these countries located?Today, the Roman Empire no longer exists. Rome, once the center of this great empire, is still an important city. It is the largest city in Italy. More than three million people live in the city of Rome and its surrounding suburbs.1.locate v. 坐落于；位于2.exist v. 存在3.surrounding adj. 周围的4.suburb n 市郊；郊区5.base on 基于6.Romance languages 罗曼(诸)语7.Portuguese n. 葡萄牙语8.Pantheon 万神庙9.temple n. 庙宇；寺院10.honor v. 尊敬；纪念FOODIn ancient Rome, what did the people eat? For breakfast, poor people usually had bread and water. The main meal each day was dinner. It began in the late afternoon so it could end by sunset. And porridge, which is like oatmeal.Rich Romans ate many different foods. How do we know? Someancient recipes have survived. Cooks used herbs and spices.Spices helped to hide the fact that many foods were not fresh. People could not refrigerate food.Today, some people living in small towns still take a long lunch. Shops usually close from 1:00 to 4:00 and then reopen until 8:00. Children come from school and parents from work to eat together. Lunch has many courses, such as a salad , rice or pasta, a main course, then dessert. However, in Rome and other big cities, most people take only an hour or so for lunch. Some shops close during lunchtime.1.porridge n. 粥2.oatmeal n. 燕麦片粥3.recipe n. 食谱4.survive v. 幸存；留存5.herb n. 药草；香草6.spice n. 香料；调料7.refrigerate v. 冷冻；冷藏8.course n. 一道菜9.pasta n. 意大利面食(包括通心粉及细面条等)10.d essert n. 甜(尾)食；甜点心11.b anquet n. 宴会12.f east n. 盛宴；筵席13.t una fish 金枪鱼肉14.o strich meat 鸵鸟肉SCHOOLIn ancient Rome，there were no public schools. Some families sent their children to small local schools. These families had to pay a fee. Very few girls went to school. School began to sunrise and ended in the early afternoon. Children had the summers off. Some wealthy families hired tutors to teach their sons at home. The tutors were often Greek slaves. Fathers taught their sons outdoor skills, such as horseback-riding, swimming, and fighting with weapons.Children began school when they were six or seven. They learned reading, writing, and arithmetic. After age 11, students studied famous Greek and Roman writers and poets. They also studies music and astronomy. Most students left school at age 16. If they wanted to be lawyers or politicians, they hired special tutors to continue their studies.Today, public schools in Italy are free. Children must go to school from ages 6 to 14. Children between the ages of 11 and 14 go to middle school. When they finish middle school, students choose the kind of high school they will go to. They might choose a high school that teaches about computers or science. After high school, some students attend a university.1.local adj. 当地的2.fee n. 费3.wealthy adj. 富有的4.hire v. 雇请；雇用5.tutor n. 家庭教师6.slave n. 奴隶7.weapon n. 武器8.arithmetic n. 算术9.poet n. 诗人10.astronomy n. 天文学wyer n. 律师12.politician n. 政治家13.university n. 大学ROMAN SYSTEMS罗马的城市设施与道路交通WATERIn ancient Rome, many people believed that polluted, or dirty water caused disease. To keep people healthy, the Romans built a system of aqueducts. Aqueducts brought millions of liters (gallons) of water from neighboring hills into the city every day.The water was used for drinking and for the baths and fountains. Lead pipes connected to the aqueducts supplied water to the houses in the city. The city also had underground sewers to carry away sewage.In the countryside, aqueducts brought water to places where it was needed. Farmers used the water to irrigate their crops. Some of the ruins of these ancient water systems still stand today.Today, Rome has modern plumbing. Its water-supply system is much like the aqueducts of long ago. Pipes still supply the city with water.1.pollute v. 污染2.disease n. 疾病3.aqueduct n. 沟渠；高架渠4.liter n. 公升5.gallon n. 加仑(英制液体单位)6.lead pipe 铅管7.connect to 连接8.supply v. 供给；提供9.sewer n 下水道10.sewage n. 污水11.irrigate v. 灌溉12.plumbing n. 管道设备ROADSThe ancient Romans built many roads in every part of their empire. I ancient Rome, the system of roads held the empire together. At its peak, the empire had more than 80,465 kilometers (50,000 miles) of roads. All the roads seemed to lead right to Rome. That is why there is the saying, “All roads lead to Rome.”This system of roads allowed the army to move easily around the empire. It also made trading goods and communicating easier than before. As much as possible, roads were straight and smooth. This allowed the Romans to travel fast. However,news and people traveled only as fast as horses could go.In A.D.64, a huge fire destroyed much of Rome. Large parts of the city had to be rebuilt. More open spaces and public squares were added. Special walls were built between buildings to keep fires from spreading. Many old winding alleyways were replaced with wide streets. These streets became part of the Roman system of roads.Today, the roads are much like those in ancient Rome. In fact, some of the ancient highways are still in use! If you visit Rome, you won’t see any cars in the ancient part of city. They’ve been banned to reduce traffic jams and pollution.1.peak n. 顶点；顶峰2. allow v. 容许；允许municate v. 沟通；通信4.smooth adj. 平坦的5.destroy v. 毁坏；摧毁6.spread v. 蔓延7.winding adj. 弯曲的8.alleyway n. 小巷；窄街9.ban v. 禁止10.reduce v. 减少11.traffic jam 交通拥挤；交通阻塞12.Appian Way 阿庇亚大道CONTRIBUTIONS对人类的贡献The Roman Empire ended in A.D. 476. More than 1,500 years later, the city of Rome remains one of the world’s great cities. Millions of tourists visit Rome each year to see its famous buildings, art museums, and ruins from ancient times.Many buildings you see today look like ancient Roman buildings. The U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., with its dome and arches, was modeled after a Roman building. Water systems in some modern cities copy the Roman aqueduct system.The ancient Romans invented and improved other things that we use today. They invented concrete and made the first screws. Objects made of blown glass first became popular during the time of the Roman Empire.One of the greatest contributions of the ancient Romans is their belief in written law. Today, the laws of many countries are based on the Roman system of law.Another important contribution is their language. French, Italian, and other Romance languages that grew out of Latin are spoken throughout the world. Even many of the English words used to write this book were borrowed from the language of the ancient Romans.1.U.S. Capitol 美国国会大厦2.dome n. 圆屋顶3.arch n. 拱门；拱形结构4.model after 模仿5.improve v. 改进6.concrete n. 混凝土7.screw n. 螺丝钉8.object n. 物体；物品9.blown glass 吹制的玻璃I。
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