主谓一致（2）
I．并列主语的主谓一致关系
1、and 连接的两个单数名词并列作主语时，如果指的是不同的人、事物或概念（这时两个名词前通常都有限定词）谓语动词用复数形式。
His idea and mine are quite different.
The English teacher and the head teacher are both young men.
英语老师和班主任都是年轻人。
2、and 连接的并列主语如果指的是同一的人或事物或概念（这时第二个名词前没有限定词）谓语动词要用单数形式。
The English teacher and head teacher is a young man.
英语老师兼班主任是一个年轻人。
A teacher and singer was present at the evening party.
有位老师又是歌手参加了晚会。
A cart and horse was seen at the distance.
远远看见一辆马车。（套着马的大车）
下列词组通常视作单数概念，谓语动词也相应用单数形式，如：
a needle and thread(穿了线的针), a knife and fork(一副刀叉)
a desk and chair (一套桌椅), a watch and chain(带链的手表)
one and a half + 复数名词的结构，后面习惯接单数动词，如：
One and a half bananas was eaten by that monkey. 那猴子吃下了一条半香蕉。
3、as well as （和，与…一样），as much as (与…一样，不亚于…，与…差不多)，
rather than (是…，而不是…)，more than (比…更)和no less than
(与…一样，不亚于…，与…差不多)连接的并列主语，连接的动词在人称和数方面应和第一个名词或代词保持一致。
His parents as well as he are very kind to me.
他的父母和他对我非常和蔼。
My family as much as/no less than I are glad to see you.
我家人跟我一样很高兴见到你。
I, rather than he, am to blame.
该受责备的是我，而不是他。
Tom, more than anyone else, is anxious to go there again.
汤姆比其他人更渴望再去那儿。
4、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, but ,except, like ,
in addition to, including, besides等引起的短语，谓语动词仍旧用单数形式。
An expert, together, with some assistants, was sent to help in
this work.
一位专家和几位助手被派去协助这项工作。
No one except my parents knows anything about it.
除了我父母谁也不知道这事
II．数词或量词词组作主语的主谓一致关系
分数或百分数词（组）作主语谓语动词与它后面所修饰的词人称和数的变化
一致。
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
大约四分之三的地球表面被水覆盖。
Three-fourths of the workers in the factory are women.
这个工厂四分之三的工人是女工。
2、a great / good deal of, a large amount of / amounts of
,这些量词词组一般只与不可数名词搭配，表示“数”量，不表示“数（目）”连接的动词要用单数形式。
A large amount of / a great (good) deal of water was spilt on the
floor.
地板上洒了大量的水。
the amount of 一般解释为“总额，总数”后接不可数名词，也可接复数可数名词，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如：
What is the amount of the bill? 账单上金额总计多少？
The amount of today’s sales is considerable.
今天销售的总数很可观。
3、a number of 和a great many.
1) a number of 可以在a与number之间加上great, good, large, considerable等词与a
great good many 意思相近。a number of 可以用numbers
of来表达，后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
A good number of trees have been planted on either side of the
river.
河的两岸种上了许多树。
2）a number of和the number of的意思不同，两者都能与复数名词搭配，但the number
of后接动词一定用单数。
The number of books stolen is fifty.
被偷窃的书是50本。
4、a lot / lots of ; plenty of ; a quantity / quantities of ; a
percentage of ; a pile / piles of ; a heap / heaps of ; more of ;
enough of 等作主语，既可以与不可以数名词搭配，也可以与可数名词搭配，谓语动词的数与它们后面名词相一致。例如：
Lots of / Plenty of work remains to be done.
还有许多工作要做。
A lot of us were invited at the last minute.
我们中的许多人是在最后时刻接到邀请的。
There has been a small quantity of rain this spring.
今春雨下的很少。
A small quantity of sugar was put in the boiled water.
开水里放入了少量的糖。
Great quantities of water was wasted.
浪费大量的水
A heap of rubbish has been cleaned away.
一堆垃圾已被清除掉。
A great pile of buildings are being built on the banks.
河的两岸正在兴建一大群建筑物。
more of 和enough of 两个词组之后只能跟带有限定词的不可数名词或复数可数名词。如可以讲enough of the
blue material 或more of my friends,但不能说“enough of blue
material或more
of friends.如果名词前没有限定词，就不能用of. 这时more 和enough本身就是限定词，如：enough blue
material , more friends.例如：
More of the trees are planted on either side of the river.
河的两岸种着更多的树。
More of the land is planted to cabbages than to tomatoes.
种白菜的地比种西红柿的多。
Is there enough of the blue material?
有足够的蓝色料了吗？
Are there enough of the big nails to mend the cupboard？
有足够的大钉子修理柜橱吗？
more 和enough有时也可以单独作主语，这时谓语动词的数应根据它们所指对象的单、复数意义来选择其形式，例如：
There is more in it than you can imagine.
其中还有你想象不到的含义。
Instead of fewer accidents, there were more.
意外事件不但没有减少，反而增加。
enough 单独作主语时，通常指不可数的东西，动词应取单数形式。但有时也可以指人或复数可数名词，这时动词应取复数形式。例如：
Enough has been said on this subject.
对于这个问题已经说得够多了。
Enough (apples, etc) have been left for him.
已给他留下了足够的（苹果等）。
5、kind of 和sort of
两个词组均作“种、类”解，一般可以通用。kind和sort之前可以加上不定冠词a或指示代词，当与不定冠词a或单数指示代词（this,
that）连用时，of之后可以接单、复数可数名词或不可数名词。但不论可数还是不可数，名词一般都不带冠词，谓语动词均采取单数形式。例如：
A kind / sort of new farm tool has been turned out.
一种新型的农具已经生产出来了。
This kind / sort of banana does not grow here.
本地不出产这种香蕉。
That kind of people is not to be trusted.
那种人不值得信赖的。
（试比较：People of that kind are not to be trusted.）
That sort of behavior is out of place here.
那种行为在这里是不合适的。
kind或sort之前如果加上复数指示代词（these,
those）时，kind和sort既可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式。但不管kind和sort是单数还是复数，of之后通常接复数可数名词，而不接不可数名词，谓语动词根据kind和sort之前的these,
those而采用复数形式。例如：
Those sort of cars are very expensive to run.
那种汽车用起来非常费钱。
kind或sort如果取复数词尾形式，of后面的名词用单、复数形式均可。但谓语动词都
用复数形式。
What sorts of novel(s) sell well. 哪几种小说比较畅销？
kind或sort之前如果加上不定代词all，many时, kind和sort以及后面的名词应同时取复数形式，谓语动词也取复数形式。
All /Many kinds of flowers were shown there. 那里展示各种各样的花卉。
III．就近一致
当一个句子有两个主语，而它们又是由either……or……; neither……nor; not only……; but
also……or等连接时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致。例如：
Either you or I am to do the work. 不是你就是我来做这项工作。
Neither his parents nor his teacher is able to persuade him to
change his mind.
他的父母和老师都没法说服他改变主意。
如果一个句子由there和here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
这有一只笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。
语法练习： 名词和主谓一致
1. I am very thankful to him because he has done me ________.
A. many kindness B. lots of kindness
C. much kindness D. many kindnesses
2. –What did you buy last Sunday?
--Two.
Which choice is wrong?
A. pieces/articles of clothing B. table cloths
C. suits( of clothes) D. clothes
3. I’m going to have ______. Which choice is wrong?
A. the 800-metres race B. a week’s holiday
C. an eight-day journey D. a few minutes’ rest
4. The table is only ______ high.
A. two-foot B. two-feet C. two footed D. two feet
5. –What is ______ made of ?
--________.
A. an iron, Iron B. paper, Wood C. box, Plastics D. a glass, The
glass
6. Do you see those ______ eating grass at the foot of the hill?
A. cattles B. sheep C. the deers/deer D. cows babies
7. There are four _____ on the farm raising hundreds of ______ of
cattle.
A. Chinese, head B. Swisses, head C. Germans, heads D. Japaneses,
head
8. --_______ are there in the word “unpleasant”?
--Two.
A. How much as B. How many a’s C. How many as D. What a’s
9. He met with a lot of ______ at the spot of the accident.
Which choice is wrong?
A. school-boy B. women doctors C. passers-by D. lookers-on
10. You have used too ______ in this article.
A. many but B. much but’s C. many but’s D. many but
11. ______ are usually made of _____ or of ______.
A. The tables, the wood, the glass B. The tables, wood, the glass
C. Tables, wood, glass D. Tables, the wood, the glass
12. Mrs. White is a friend of ________.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother
C. mother’s of Mary D. Mary mother’s
13. That idea ______ sounds quite correct.
A. for your father B. of your father’s C. with your father D. for
your father’s
14. –Is the bank where you work far from here?
--Yes, it’s _______.
A. about 300 miles’ away B. 40 minute’s walk
C. a stone’s throw D. a day or two’s
15. The girl’s reply was just like _______.
A. a grown-up B. that of a grown-up’s
C. those of a grown-up D. a grown-up’s
16. This is Professor White’s ______ car. I often go to Frank’s and
Jerry’s in it.
A. son-in-law B. son-in-law’s C. son’s-in-law D. friend Browns’
17. After ______ absence, he found his wife much changed.
A. a year’s or two’s B. a year of two C. a year or two’s D. one of
two year’s
18. Last night, I called at ______.
A. my aunt B. home of my aunt C. aunt of mine D. my aunt’s
19. ______ is too much for the boy to carry.
A. The box weight B. The box of weight
C. The weight of the box D. Box’s weight
20. On the wall _____ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
21. “News of victories ________ pouring in as our army advances,”
the company commander said.
A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept
22. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in
need of repair, there _____ lots of improvement in their appearance.
A. are, has been B. is, have been C. is, are D. are, was
23. Zhang’s family _____ rather big and his family ______ fond of
popular music.
A. is, are B. is, is C. are, is D. are, are
24. ______ is ______. The wrong answer is ______.
A. Two minutes, a long vacation for the students
B. One and a half dollars(yards), not enough
C. The New York Times, published daily
D. 800 miles, long distance
25. The police(family, team)_______ out in search of the missing
boy.
A. goes B. has gone C. is D. are
26. _______ and _____ are going abroad next Thursday. Which is
wrong?
A. The father, son B. The singer, dancer C. A singer, a dancer D.
He, I
27. A ______ and ______ has been bought for you. Which is wrong?
A. gold watch, chain B. knife, fork C. desk, chair D. pen, pencil
28. ______ teacher and _____ student has been invited. Which is
wrong?
A. Many a, (many
a) B. Every, every C. No, no D. Each a, (each)
29. _____ is all that I can spare. Which is wrong?
A. More than one hour B. Many a cattle
C. A pair of gloves D. One and a half days
30. ______ the students like the paintings. Which is right?
A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody but
C. The teacher besides D. All except
31. Mary, not her parents, ______ present at the party.
A. are B. have C. is D. were
32. The worker, ______ the visitors, is to answer for the fire.
Which is wrong?
A. and other than B. rather than C. as well as D. no less than
33. Henry, ______ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit.
Which is wrong?
A. (together) with B. like C. and not D. but in addition to
34. A few metals _______ copper and silver are called good
conductor. Which is wrong?
A. such as B. like C. including D. the same as
35. ______ White _____ his sister is coming to our help. Which is
wrong?
A. Either, or B. Neither, nor C. Not only, but also D. Both, and
36. ______ is in need( in large demand).
A. Different forms of exercises B. This kind of book
C. Some new types of buses D. Other kinds of wood
37. --_____ is served for breakfast.
A. Soap and water B. Milk and bread
C. The bread and butter D. The bread and butter
38. Martin with his wife, both working in the same works, ______ on
holiday.
A. are B. is C. was D. are spending
39. What _____ your problems a year ago _____ become mine.
A. were, have B. was, has C. was, have D. were, has
40. What he says and does ______.
A. resists to each other B. do not agree
C. does not agree D. are none of my business
41. When and where to build (we will build) the new laboratory
______ clear to us all.
A. are not decided B. are unknown
C. haven’t been decided C. hasn’t been decided
42. That education is important to the development of a country
______ clear to us all.
A. is B. are C. to be D. was
43. Setting fires to the public buildings _____ highly dangerous and
punished by law.
A. are B. is C. have D. were
44. It ______ the James(or Frank and Jack) who _____been kidnapped.
A. are, have B. is, has C. is, have D. was, has
45. It might be I, who ______ caused the accident, who _______ to
answer for it.
A. has, are B. have, are C. is, have D. have, am
46. He never refuses _____ to him for help.
A. those who goes B. anyone goes
C. whoever go D. such
as go
47. I’m not sure whether such ______ all the means that _____ been
tried.
A. is, has B. are, have C. was, has D. were, had
48. The younger of the two _____ physics ______ difficult to learn.
A. think, is B. thinks, are C. think, are D. think, is
49. Who ______ the first to return to their own rooms?
A. comes B. came C. were D. was
50. The following(Here/There) ______ some other examples.
A. is B. has C. have D. are
51. Whom _____ this pair of glasses belong to and whose ______ the
glasses on the table?
A. does, is B. do, are C. does, are D. do, is
52. The soldier each _____ a gun. Which is wrong?
A. has B. have C. have been given D. were given
53. The majority of the workers _____ the plan.
A. agree to B. is for C. was against D. is in favor of
54. Two thirds of the work ______.
A. has done B. are done C. were done D. has been done
55. Plenty of books ______ upstairs.
A. had been kept B. are kept
C. is kept D. are keeping
56. The number of the people invited ______ fifty, but a number of
them _______ absent for different reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
57. His “Selected Poems” ______ published. These new poems _____ not
selected.
A. have been, are B. has been, are
C. has been, is D. have been, is
58. Where are _____? Which is wrong?
A. the Alps B. the United States C. the wounded D. the blind
59. ______ have(has) been killed.
A. All mice B. No one C. The majority D. The other
60. ______ or ______ needed here. Which is wrong?
A. One, two words are B. One, two words is
C. A word, two is D. A word, two are
语法练习答案
案D．do sb. kindnesses是个短语，意思是：帮助某人。
答案D 修饰clothes的词或短语可用a suit of clothes, 或fine clothes ,many
clothes等，不可接确切数词。
答案A 合成词中的名词用单数形式。
答案D two feet 可做表语，too-food只作定语。
答案A 第一个iron是慰斗的意思，第二个iron是铁的意思。
答案B cattle是表示总称的词，没有复数形式，cow作定语用单数形式。
答案A head当牛，羊的头数时，单复一样。
答案B 字母、数字、缩写词及引语的复数加 ’s。
答案A 合成词的复数形式在主体词上加s.
10、答案C
11、答案C
12、答案A Mary的母亲要用所有格形式。
1
3、答案B That idea of your father 是双重所有格形式。
14、答案D B答案应写成40 minutes’ walk, a stone’s throw是近在咫尺的意思。
15、答案D 合成词的所有格形式在后面加 ’s。
16、答案B
17、答案C D答案应写成one or two years’。
18、答案D
19、答案C box没有所有格形式。
20、答案B 此句是倒装句，主语是two large portraits.
21、答案B 此句是直接引语用一般现在式。
22、答案A lots of improvement 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
23、答案A 第一个family表家庭，第二个family表家庭成员。
24、答案D long distance 前应加a。
25、答案D police作主语谓语动词用复数。
26、答案B The singer and dancer 指一人兼两职
27、答案D 只有D项不是成套的。
28、答案D each, every后不能再接冠词a 或the。
29、答案B many a后只能接可数名词单数形式。
30、答案D 只有all作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
31、答案C 此句主语是玛丽。
32、答案A other than 前不能加and.
33、答案D in addition to 前不能加but.
34、答案D the same as 不能表列举。
35、答案D both……and……连接两个主语谓语动词用复数形式。
36、答案B kind作主语谓语动词用单数。
37、答案B milk and bread 是奶油面包的意思。
38、答案A 句子主语Martin, 只因为主语后有辅加结构，
both working in the same works, 谓语要用复数形式。
39、答案A 句子的主语是your problems.
40、答案B What he says and does是两件事。
41、答案D When and where to build是指的一件事。
42、答案A 主语从句作主语谓语动词用单数。
43、答案B 动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。
44、答案C 这是一个强调句，强调部分无论是单数还是复数都要用It is/was……that句型。
45、答案D 强调的主语发出两个动作。
46、答案C whoever=the person who, B选项在anyone后应加who.
47、答案A means作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
48、答案D
49、答案C 因为本句后面是their rooms,谓语动词一定用复数形式。
50、答案D the following作主语谓语动词与表语一致。
51、答案C 此句主语是pair, 谓语动词用单数形式，glasses作主语谓语用复数形式。
52、答案A 此句主语是soldiers, each是同位语，谓语动词与主语一致。
53
、答案A majority作主语谓语动词与of后面的名词一致。
54、答案D 此句谓语动词与work一致
55、答案B 此句主语是books。
56、答案C
57、答案B 书名作主语谓语动词用单数形式。
58、答案B 山脉作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
59、答案C 只有majority作主语谓语动词可用单数也可能复数。。
60、答案B one or two words作主语谓语动词用复数形式。a word or two 作主语谓语动词单、复都可以。