上海高考英语一模写作汇编

2018年高三一模作文汇编2017年已接近尾声，还记得年初你为自己定下的小目标吗？不知你是否实现了你的小目标？发一个微信朋友圈来回顾一下吧（文中请不要出现真实的校名人名）。

你的朋友圈文字内容需包括：1. 你的2017年度小目标；2. 你为实现年度小目标所作的努力；3. 你实现（或没有实现）年度小目标的经验总结。

范文：My new year’s resolution for 2017 was that I should be able to communicate with foreign people in English. To achieve this goal, I had asked my English teacher for help. According to her suggestions, I made up a plan.Firstly, I started with simply reading English articles and found many pronunciation errors in my reading after listening to the video tape of its recording. Then, I tried to learn phonetics and practice one syllable after another again and again. I started with a single word, then a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph and finally the whole passage. After 3-month practice, I was able to read an article fluently without making any mistakes in pronunciation. I felt happy. Next, I practiced my listening. By listening to a passage four times, I required myself to take it down without spelling errors or any information blank. Last but not least, I installed an app called Shanbei Oral English on my phone to practice both my listening and speaking. It’s like having conversations with a robot. I had to understand what it said to me and answer its questions accordingly. After practicing for almost 8 months, I had my first talking session with an American teacher in our school. I was proud of myself.What I have learnt from this experience is something as a saying goes: no pain no gain. Though the process of learning could be dull and tiring, it’s worth all the efforts after I achieved my goal. Even if I didn’t, it’s still a valuable part of my life.阅卷作文8+8+4=20The wonderful year of 2017 is drawing to an end. I remember that I set an annual goal to keep fit at the beginning of 2017, since staying healthy is crucial to ensuring my study, thus better prepare myself for Gaokao.To achieve my goal of keeping fit, here are some efforts I’ve taken throughout the year. On the very first day of 2017, I downloaded a fitness app called Keep. Following the fitness instructions the app offered, I exercised every other night before I go to bed. Also, I did some research into the daily nutrition I need in order to stay he althy both physically and mentally, after which I devised a moderate dieting plan. Apart from the above, I’ve invited family members and friends to join me so that we can encourage each other and exchange fitness experience.So far, the record shown on my fitness app shows that I’ve done well this year, reaching a record high of 200 training times in total. Although at times I felt like giving up because of too much study pressure and limited time, I’m glad I have stuck to my plan. It seems to me that anyth ing is possible if I throw in all of my energy and passion, and most of all, perseverance. Some rules apply to study. So I hope I will keep such passion and strength to do my best in the coming 2018. （237 words）点评：1．文本结构段落清晰，符合作文题目要求。

2024届上海市16区高三英语一模分类汇编写作2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷VI.Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你们班最近与国际伙伴校的同学们共同开展了一个团队项目，但目前的合作效果并不理想。

项目负责人Mr.Johnson请你负责在中方同学的范围内调查原因。

你发现有些同学对团队中的角色分配不满意，有些同学觉得团队沟通存在问题。

请给Mr.Johnson写一封邮件，内容必须包括：1.简述同学们的反馈；2.向Mr.Johnson提出改进建议并说明理由。

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________VI.Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.76.假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，学校最近就如何组织好每天上午30分钟的大课间活动征求全校学生的意见。

2023届上海高三英语一模汇编--概要写作
(解析版)
本文是对2023届上海高三英语一模考试的概要写作部分进行解析，旨在帮助同学们更好地理解和应对这一部分的题目。

第一部分：图标描述
本部分要求同学们根据所给的图表信息进行描述。

要注意描述图表中的主要趋势、数据差异以及可能的原因。

同学们需要用恰当的语言描述图表，并适当使用数据和例子来支持自己的观点。

第二部分：图表衔接
本部分要求同学们根据所给的图表信息进行衔接和扩展描述。

同学们需要将不同图表之间的关键信息进行联系，解释它们之间的关系，并提供更多的相关信息来加深理解。

第三部分：提纲作文
本部分要求同学们根据所给的提纲来写作文。

同学们需要按照提纲的要求来组织自己的文章结构，并用合适的论证和例子来支持自己的观点。

要注意语言的连贯性和流畅性。

第四部分：图文作文
本部分要求同学们根据所给的图片和文字提示来写作文。

同学们需要根据图片和文字的内容进行适当的想象和描写，并写出一篇有逻辑和连贯性的作文。

要注意情节的展开和句式的变化。

以上是2023届上海高三英语一模考试概要写作部分的解析，希望同学们能够通过阅读此文档对这一部分有更清晰的认识，并在实际考试中取得好成绩。

> 注意：本文档内容为作者根据题目理解所写，仅供参考。

同学们在考试中应以真题和教师指导为准。

上海市英语高三一模作文English:In recent years, Shanghai has undergone rapid development in various aspects, such as economy, culture, and urbanization. The city has become a global financial center and a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors from around the world. One of the key factors contributing to Shanghai's success is its efficient and modern transportation system, which includes a well-developed network of metro lines, high-speed railways, and modern highways. In addition, Shanghai's rich cultural heritage, including traditional Chinese architecture, arts, and cuisine, has also played a significant role in its popularity among both domestic and international tourists. Furthermore, the city has embraced modern urbanization and boasts an impressive skyline with towering skyscrapers, such as the iconic Shanghai Tower and Oriental Pearl Tower. Overall, Shanghai's rapid development in economy, culture, and urbanization has undoubtedly transformed it into a world-class city.中文翻译:近年来，上海在经济、文化和城市化等方面取得了快速发展。

IV.Summary Writing71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.When you're having fun with your friends,you take selfies.When you visit famous places,you take selfies.When you are in beautiful spots,you take selfies.But sometimes you don't look very attractive in the photos.And,of course,if you're going to post them,you want to look your best.What can you do?Instead of posting a photo you don't like,you can turn to photo retouching.When you retouch an image,you improve its appearance.Many apps offer you the ability to do that.Their easy-to-use tools help you smooth your skin,make your teeth straighter and whiter,and more.Within the apps,you can also change your facial features.You can make your eyes rounder and brighter.You can change the shape of your face or your nose.You can also change the direction of the light source or add highlights.All in all,you can make yourself look like you wish you looked.Now you've uploaded your retouched photos to social media.People leave positive comments,and you get a lot of likes.That's great,right?Maybe not.With so many people sharing personal images of their lives,it's almost like a contest.Who looks the best,takes perfect selfies and lives up to social media's standard of beauty?You need to be part of that crowd so that you don't feel left out.Worse yet,you feel if you're not part of that crowd,you may be criticized for your looks.Maybe you think that if you don't look like the influencers you follow,you're not good enough.People generally retouch themselves to have larger eyes,thinner chins and brighter skin.Does everyone now look the same?It seems like a lot of people are trying to match up to unrealistic beauty ideals.That isn't good for anyone's self-image.Perhaps it's time to post the real you and only lightly retouched,if at all.likes.If all always do such things follow the crowd or avoid being despised,each may look identical.Actually,many can not achieve their goals.It is better to post real you with little retouching if necessary.57答案：71.It’s about selfies.When you post them,you can use photo retouching to get better looks for positive comments and wIV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.71.ChatbotsWhat if instead of clicking on link after link on a company’s website,you could type a question and get an immediate,customized answer?Some companies are working to make this a reality using chatbots.Chatbots are computer programs that can communicate with human beings by phone,on messaging apps or on websites.There are two types of chatbots:open and closed.A closed chatbot follows a script,which may or may not involve using AI (artificial intelligence)to understand users’messages.An open chatbot uses AI both to figure out what users want and to generate responses.Open chatbots are able to learn from their conversations and thus improve their ability to communicate over time.This means that open chatbots can respond to a wider range of inquiries,compared with closed municating with them feels more natural,but if they have not been correctly trained,users may have a bad experience with them.One significant advantage of chatbots is that they are available all the time,even in the middle of the night.Plus,a single chatbot can cater to multiple users at once.This means that users can get immediate answers to their questions rather than waiting for a human representative.Chatbots have the potential to overcome several technological problems people face.These include difficulty in searching websites and trouble finding basic information and answers to simple questions.However,in order for chatbots to work,humans are still indispensable (不可或缺的).Someone has to program the chatbots initially,train them,and maintain and improve the chatbot system.Further,even open chatbots may not have the answers to detailed questions,and many people simply prefer speaking to a human rather than a chatbot.Thus,chatbots are unlikely to completely replace human agents.Rather,they will help users resolve simple problems so that customer service representatives can focus on more difficult issues.can respond more flexibly using AI.Chatbots’advantages include working round the clock and communicating wit 答案：Chatbots are communication computer programs.Closed chatbots follow fixed instructions while open chatbots h several people at the same time.However,chatbots won’t replace humans because chatbots are programmed by humans.Additionally,chatbots can’t answer detailed questions and many people just dislike them.(58words)IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.71.Why Camping Can Be So Much Fun?When you go on holiday,where do you like to stay?If you haven’t tried camping,maybe you should join the increasing number of people who are enjoying the simple pleasures of camping.By grabbing your tent,and some additional things,it’s easy to head off to the countryside and enjoy a night or two under the stars.Many campers are dumping the trappings of their modern,busy life to do this,encouraged by experts who say a few peaceful nights in the middle of nowhere might be a good way to relax and improve our sleep patterns and well-being.It is also,of course,a good low-budget holiday option.For the adventurous,wild camping is an ideal way to escape from reality.Armed with just some food and a sleeping bag,you’re free from rules,away from other people,and able to enjoy the back-to-basics experience.But for those who still want some home comforts,a campsite is a more suitable place to fix your tent.Here you have facilities such as washrooms,a shop and maybe even a restaurant.And for the most luxurious camping experience,you could try glamping,a type of camping associated with extreme comforts and luxury.More recently,sales of camping equipment have jumped as more people have chosen a vacation spent at hometown due to travel restrictions caused by the pandemic.One camping retailer,Halfords,reported a sharp rise in demand for products such as stoves,cool boxes and camping chairs.With the addition of soft pillows,powerful torches and lamps to light up your tent and a better selection of easy-to-cook food,you can almost guarantee a comfortable and enjoyable camping expedition.So maybe it’s time to give camping a try.答案：Nowadays a growing number of people choose to camp outdoors.Camping is easy to access and with low-budget. Moreover,it brings us peace and benefits our health.Various types of camping cater to our different needs,such as adventurous wild camping,cozy campsite camping and luxurious glamping.With the travel restrictions during the pandemic,sales of camping equipment soar.(58字)IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.71.Are Oceans Silent?Most sea creatures,from whales and dolphins to fish,sharks and shrimps,respond to sound,and many can produce it.They use it to hunt and to hide,find mates and food,send messages and give warnings,establish territories,warn off competitors,confuse their targets,deceive enemies,and sense changes in water and conditions.Marine animals click bones,grind teeth and belch gases(磨牙打嗝);use special organs to make various noises.Far from the‘silent deep’,the oceans are so noisy.Into this age-long confused noise,in the blink of an evolutionary eye,has entered a new thunder:the trembling sound of mighty engines as46,220large ships passed the world’s shipping courses.Scientists say that background noise in the ocean has increased roughly by15decibels(分贝)in the past50years.It may not sound like much in overall terms,but it is enough,according to many marine biologists,to mask the normal sounds of ocean life going about its business.At its most intense,some even say noise causes whales to become disoriented,dolphins to suffer from‘the bends’,fish to go deaf,leave their breeding grounds or fail to form groups—enough to disorganize the basic biology of two thirds of the planet.“Undersea noise pollution is like the death of a thousand cuts”,says Sylvia Earie,chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.“Each sound in itself may not be a matter of critical concern,but taken all together,the noise from shipping,earthquake-related surveys,and military activity is creating a totally different environment than existed even50years ago.That high level of noise is bound to have a hard,sweeping impact on life in the sea.答案：Oceans are never silent as marine creatures mostly produce various sounds to go about their businesses.Now oceans are getting even noisier as humans do more activities there.The resulting noise is loud enough to change the environment and exercise a disturbing impact on marine life.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.The risk of pre-schooling“Young children learning to read is one of the most important things primary education does.It’s fundamental to children making progress in life,”says Dominic Wyse,a professor of primary education at University College London, in the UK.“While learning literacy is vital to childern,the way we teach it really matters.”In a2022report,he states that English school system’s intense focus on phonics–a method that involves matching the sound of a spoken word or letter,with individual written letters,through a process called“sounding out”–could be failing some children.A reason for this is that the tests used to assess that early learning may have little to do with the skills actually needed to read and enjoy books or other meaningful texts.For example,the tests may ask pupils to“sound out”and spell nonsense words,to prevent them from simply guessing,or recognising familiar words.Since nonsense words are not meaningful language,children may find the task difficult and puzzling.It doesn’t end up being meaningful, it ends up being memorising rather than understanding context.Children who attend intensive preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not attend such preschools,several studies now show.Early education can however have a positive impact on social development–which in turn feeds into the likelihood of graduation from school and university as well as being associated with lower crime rates.In short,attending preschool can have positive effects on later achievement in life,but not necessary on academic skills.Too much academic pressure may even cause problems in the long run.A study published in January2022 suggested that those who attended a preschool with a strong academic emphasis,showed lower academic achievements a few years later,compared to those who had not gained a place.答案：IV.Summary WritingLearning literacy is important for children,and how they learn it counts.A study shows too much phonics learning negatively affects children because passing the tests only requires meaningless pronunciation and spelling instead of understanding.Although pre-schooling does good to the development of society,studies also show too much of it has nothing to do with later academic achievements.IV.Summary writing (10分)Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.71.exercise programme involving prolonged laughter,ughter yoga,a combination of breathing exercises and deliberate (故意的)laughter,came from humble beginnings,but has mushroomed into a global movement.Hundreds of clubs,usually free to attend,have now been established across Asia,Europe and North America Laughter Yoga“Friends,I must tell you,laughter yoga is not a comedy.”Dr Madan Kataria,the creator of laughter yoga,an .“I had read so much about the benefits of laughter,and how acting out emotions,especially through facial expressions,can create them,”Kataria tells me.But he realised he wouldn’t often see people laughing in Mumbai.“The idea struck me:why not start a laughter club?Laughter reduces stress,”Kataria goes on,following some yogic postures,“it makes your immune (免疫)system stronger and keeps your mind positive!”Five people attended Kataria’s first meet-up in Mumbai in 1995.He initially asked participants to tell jokes to force laughter,but as attendances grew Kataria learned that laughing for no reason at all was the best method.“We started just faking laughter,”he says.“And then people started laughing for real.It was infectious;we couldn’t stop.”Laughter yoga addresses a deep-seated need to laugh that is being stifled (遏制).Young children can laugh hundreds of times a day.But as we get older,the fun begins to stop —our brains learn how to adapt our emotions in tune with the needs of others.We develop empathy (同理心).But so,too,are we told to stop laughing and be serious about life.There’s often a sense that if you’re laughing,you’re not properly learning,or working,or focusing,or paying respect.Sometimes this is justified,but not always.Perhaps that is the recipe for the growing popularity of laughter ughter yoga is a program created by Kataria where people do breathing exercises and laugh purposely,which has gained worldwide popularity.Kataria founded the club because he realized the benefits of laughter and how little people laughed.The members started from faking laughter to laughing for ugher yoga succeeds because it satisfies people’s stifled need to laugh.(58words 答案：Summary:)IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.71.“Digital Hoarding”Could Be an Increasing ProblemAs data storage has become more accessible than ever,the amount of digital “stuff”we all have put aside is on the rise,too.In a recent paper published in the journal Information &Management ,we have investigated a rising phenomenon called “digital hoarding”,which happens when an individual constantly acquires digital content,feels difficulty in getting rid of it,and gradually gets more and more digital content without an intended purpose.Digital hoarding can quickly increase out of control,too —perhaps even more quickly than in the physical world,due to several reasons.First,the digital hoarder is less likely to notice the space limitations in the digital world.While the boundaries of a physical space are clear,such boundaries are less noticeable in digital spaces.Second,hoarding of physical objects happens in fixed boundaries,while digital spaces are “expandable”—you can get additional digital storage with minimum effort at very little or zero cost.Third,to hoard physical items,a person needs to expend some effort,such as purchasing them.By contrast,most digital contents are either self-created,free,or available on a subscription (订阅)basis.Fourth,compared with physical stuff,digital contents can be multiplied,for example,by making copies,with very minimal effort.In the modern world,it is unavoidable that digital content plays an important role in our lives.Therefore,the potential of serious mental health impacts from digital hoarding is a real possibility.If you think you’re holding onto too much digital content,you can try cleaning your digital footprint,reducing unnecessary digital content,coming up with simple methods to organize your files,pictures and videos.What’s more,reassess the importance of many social networks,including groups in many communication apps,and keep only those essential to you.Digital content is important to us,and meanwhile,overstocking digital materials is popular.However,digital hoarding becomes uncontrollable because hoarders seldom know the space limitations in the expandable digital space.Moreover,digital contents are easy to get and shoot up.To keep mentally healthy,you should reduce digital footprint and avoid some unimportant social networks 答案：IV.Summary Writing.e your own words as far as possible.The music in youAny party goer can tap her heel to an unfamiliar song without realizing it.Yet when asked on site,she might reply:“Music?I don’t know anything about that.”Maybe you’ve heard a variation on this theme:“I don’t have a musical bone in my body.”Most of us make music publicly just a few times a year,when it’s someone’s birthday and the cake comes out.Privately,it’s a different story.We belt out tunes in the shower and create rhythm tracks on our steering wheel.But when we think about musical expertise, we tend to imagine professionals who specialize in performance,people we’d pay to hear.As for the rest ofus,our bumbling private efforts,rather than illustrating that we share an irresistible urge to make music,seem only to demonstrate that we don’t enjoy essential musical capacity.But the more psychologists investigate musicality,the more it seems that nearly all of us are musical experts,in quite a surprising sense.A lot of the most interesting and substantial elements of musicality are things that we all share. We aren’t talking about instinctive,inborn universals here.Our musical knowledge is the product of long experience; maybe not years spent over an instrument,but a lifetime spent absorbing music from the open window of every passing car.In fact,for all its remarkable power,music is in good company.Many of our feelings are governed by a similar rule. We don’t know how we come to like certain food more than others.We don’t know why we fall in love.Yet in the very act of making these choices we reveal the effects of a host of instinctive mental processes.The fact that we respond to music so naturally and normally actually speaks to its strength and universality.答案：We respond to songs unconsciously but think we lack music skills.We produce music rarely in public but practice music a lot privately,which misleads us to believe we are not capable of music.Actually,we all have music capacity through long daily music exposure.Like other feelings,our intuitive response to music shows its power and prevalence.e your own words as far as possible.Is Leather Good or Not?For thousands of years,humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear.The skin of animals is a material that is strong,hard-wearing and flexible.These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products,but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy.Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be?The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue.According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO),more than 2.29billion cows,pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides.This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products,such as sheep,crocodiles,kangaroos and lizards.There’s also an environmental problem.Producing leather is a very polluting process,because it requires treating the skins with chemicals.During the procedure,called tanning,chemicals change the fibres (纤维)inside the leather,making it tougher.A tanning facility uses more than 60,000litres of water for every tonne of leather produced.It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals,including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium,which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use.However,the making of leather is not entirely negative.Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada.Every day,cows,pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets.It’s respectful not to waste anything,and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned.Although there are alternatives to leather,some of these fabrics are only 85%to 90%biodegradable (可生物降解的).Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade,so it’s actually worse for the planet.People have used leather for various purposes for its unique qualities 答案：IV.Summary Writing（0.5）but concern about its potential harm and continuous employment is rising.（0.5）Slaughter for animals’skins on a large scale （1）and the environmental problem caused by chemicals involved in the processing course are main issues.（1）While,as a source of income for some people （1）and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives,leather use is also positive.（1）评分标准：本答题满分10分。

上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末（一模）英语试卷分类汇编概要写作2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Benefits of Green SpacesWe all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather. It allows yourmind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life. Studies have commonlyshown the benefits of being around green spaces, including gardens, urban parks andforests.But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult? A study by the Institute for Global Health surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe.The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden or riding a bike at the park. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places. Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces. The study’s assistant, Wilma Smith, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the i mplications of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”.According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access to natural spaces. So we call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children.While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to expose yourself to nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one.2024届上海市徐汇区高三上学期一模英语试卷IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.There are many reasons why some cats are bad-tempered; their temperament can be influenced by their upbringing or they are simply born that way. However, even the sweetest, most affectionate cats can suddenlybecome bad-tempered and behave out of character. According to veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren, the problem can generally be solved, but you’ll need to look for underlying issues.Changes in a cat’s behaviour can often be explained by a health problem. Pain can cause cats to behave very differently, and it’s easy to mistake a problem as behavioural, when in fact i t is medical. Should you observe a significant change in your cat’s behaviour, then a visit to the vet is the best place to start? Watch out for changes in eating, drinking or litter-box habits. Also hiding and avoiding being touched. Be sure to report all changes to your vet. There are many cat health problems that can be readily treated to ease symptoms and pain for your cat.It pays to remember that cats don’t like to share or queue. Sharing of ‘resources’ such as litter trays and foodbowls can cause str ess and anxiety for many cats. It’s always a good idea to provide each cat with their own litter box, food, water bowls and bed as a minimum. One litter box for each cat plus a spare is even better, as are multiple sleeping spots and extra scratching posts. A lack of space to hide from or avoid other cats, competition for territory and lack of individual attention can also add to household friction. If your cat is feeling anxious, offering it an elevated place to sit, such as a climbing tree, can be helpful.Moving to a new house, the arrival of a new baby, new pets and other types of change can seriously impact cat behaviour. Cats are creatures of habit and tend to be territorial, so a change in routine may cause them to react in a number of ways, including withdrawal or aggression. Try to keep your cat’s environment as calm as possible and make sure there are places where they feel safe. Sometimes confining them to a single room with a litter box, bedding and home comforts can help them to settle.Some cats simply do not like being touched and handled. These are often cats that received limited socialisation with humans when they were kittens. These cats do best in a quiet household without children and need understanding and patience to help build their confidence.2024届上海市松江区高三上学期一模英语试卷IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Why Should We Read Literary Classics?Many have grown up on a healthy diet of literary classics. Some literary classics have been inspiring readers in many ways. In this age of fast-turners, how does investing our time in a timeless literary classic change us for the better?Many literary classics from yesteryear, which got little or no success when published, are considered invaluable. These books offer a window through which we can experience histories rooted in different cultures. One can always ask,“But we can do so by reading our history books too. Why do we need to read classics?"The simple answer is that these literary classics are not just a retelling of history. They allow us to have a more individualized experience, where they show us other ways to look at history.It is common knowledge that reading as a habit helps us improve our command of the language. But literary classics have an edge:the enriching writing style is something that sets them apart. Fascinated with the amazing wording and phrasing, we'll surely pause and wonder about what we read. For instance, when we read Shakespeare, we naturally begin to consider how to better express our ideas just like his far-reaching "Have more than you show；speak less than you know."One more benefit is that after reading classics, we won't see non-classics as just other stories: we'll become interested in them. Maybe we'll realize that some details we ignored last time are actually worth appreciating, or we'll discover literary devices that bring a whole new meaning to the story. Literary classics offer us more perspectives to dig deep and enhance our ability to think and reason, which will inevitably spill over into our reading of other works. We finally fall in love with non-classics as well.2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. The problem of robocalls has become so bad that we refuse to pick up calls from numbers we don’t know. Nearly half of the calls we receive are scams(欺诈). We’ve realized the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.That’s because there are many powerful voice manipulation(处理) technologies to be available. A company showed a new voice technology able to produce a convincing human–sounding voice able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data disclosure of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to cheat the targeted people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what l ooks to be a familiar number and talk to you with a voice sounding exactly like your bank teller’s, misleading you to “confirm” your address and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. V oice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like WeChat and Alipay, which can be tied to your identity.2024届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模英语试卷IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why companies are hiring ‘prompt engineers’?With the new generative AI tools, like ChatGPT, anyone can put in a prompt — type in a few words and get a result. But that doesn’t mean that the results will be relevant or accurate.The ke y is putting in the right prompt. That’s why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers —people with the skills, background and practice to talk to so-called large-language AI systems effectively — and why many people expect prompt engineering to be a desirable skill for many kinds of workers to add to theirrésumés.In general, the more detailed the request, the closer the response will come to what the user is looking for. But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail.For one thing, adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial. Also, there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds, depending on the goal — telling it to write in a certain style or for a certain audience, for instance. Each tool also has particular capabilities and limitations that users can learn to tackle. And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the AI, reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements.Even for people applying to j obs that don’t clearly mention prompt engineering, having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles. Art directors could use generative AI to outline ideas, and marketers could use it to develop new slogans. Software engineers could use it to find problems with their code. Lawyers could useit to research a piece of law. This is going to be a foundational skill that all of us need to know. The through line is when you learn a new skill, you can take it in any direction you like.参考答案2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷Summary71. Researches show exposure to nature during childhood has a positive impact on mental health in adulthood. Those using natural spaces more frequently and attaching greater importance to using them score higher in psychological tests including problem-solving abilities and negative feelings’ analysis. Therefore, availability of natural spaces should be improved by governments and being exposed to nature should be highlighted.2024届上海市徐汇区高三上学期一模英语试卷IV. Summary WritingCats’ temperament is linked to their upbringing or innate traits. Health issues may also affect behavior, requiring vet attention. Stress from sharing resources like litter trays is highlighted, suggesting individual essentials. Environmental changes, like moving or having new comers, can impact cats, urging a calm environment. Cats not liking touch might stem from limited socialization, needing patience in quiet homes.2024届上海市松江区高三上学期一模英语试卷Reading literary classics benefits us a lot. Firstly, It offers us individualized ways of experiencing history.secondly, it improves our writing ability by encouraging us to think over their expressions and learn to express our ideas in that way. Besides, we’ll love to read non-classics because reading classics enable us to think and reason deeply from diverse perspective. (57’)2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷IV. Summary Writing(For reference only)评分标准：本答题满分10分。

上海市英语高三一模作文In the bustling heart of Shanghai, the city's skyline is a testament to its rapid development. Yet, amidst the skyscrapers and neon lights, the essence of our culture remains rooted in our traditional festivals.As a senior high school student, I have witnessed the harmonious blend of modernity and tradition in our city. The English proficiency of Shanghai's youth is a reflection of our city's openness to the world, and our eagerness to embrace global perspectives.The annual English speech competition is not just an event; it's a platform where we showcase our linguisticskills and our deep understanding of the world beyond our borders. It's an opportunity to connect with peers from different schools, sharing ideas and learning from one another.Our school's English club is a vibrant community where students like me can practice our language skills in a supportive environment. We engage in debates, discussions, and role-plays that not only enhance our fluency but also broaden our horizons.The city's libraries and bookstores are treasure troves of knowledge, offering a wealth of English literature that we can delve into. Reading these works not only improves ourlanguage skills but also exposes us to diverse cultures and thought processes.In our pursuit of academic excellence, we also strive to maintain a balance between our studies and extracurricular activities. Sports, arts, and community service are integral parts of our school life, teaching us teamwork, leadership, and social responsibility.The city's public spaces, such as parks and community centers, often host events that encourage interaction in English. These gatherings are not only fun but also serve as informal language labs where we can practice our conversational skills.As we approach our university entrance exams, the pressure is palpable. However, it also serves as a catalyst for us to push our limits and strive for the best. The journey is challenging, but it is also a time of immense growth and self-discovery.In conclusion, the English language is more than just a subject in our curriculum; it is a bridge that connects us to the global community. As we prepare for our future, we carry with us the spirit of Shanghai—a blend of ambition, tradition, and a relentless pursuit of excellence.。

Shanghai,as one of the most developed cities in China,has a unique educational system.The Gaokao,or National College Entrance Examination,is a crucial milestone for students in Shanghai,and the English composition is an integral part of this examination.Here are some tips and a sample essay for a Shanghai Gaokao English mock exam to help students prepare effectively.Tips for Writing an Effective English Composition:1.Understand the Prompt:Carefully read the essay prompt to understand what is being asked.Make sure you address the question or topic directly.2.Plan Your Composition:Before you start writing,outline your main points.This will help you organize your thoughts and ensure a coherent structure.e a Variety of Sentence Structures:Employ a mix of simple,compound,and complex sentences to make your writing more engaging.4.Vary Your Vocabulary:Use a range of vocabulary to express your ideas clearly and precisely.5.Proofread:Always review your composition for grammatical errors,spelling mistakes, and punctuation issues.6.Stay on Topic:Ensure that every paragraph and sentence relates back to the main topic of your essay.Sample Essay:Title:The Importance of Environmental ProtectionIntroduction:In recent years,environmental issues have become a global concern.As a student living in Shanghai,I am deeply aware of the impact of pollution on our daily lives.This essay will discuss the significance of environmental protection and suggest practical steps we can take to contribute to a greener future.Body Paragraph1:The first reason why environmental protection is crucial is the direct impact it has on our health.Air pollution,for instance,can lead to respiratory problems and other serious health conditions.By taking measures to reduce pollution,we can improve the overallwellbeing of our community.Body Paragraph2:Another aspect of environmental protection is the preservation of natural resources. Water,forests,and wildlife are all essential for the balance of our ecosystem.Through recycling and sustainable practices,we can ensure that these resources are not depleted for future generations.Body Paragraph3:Moreover,environmental protection is closely linked to economic development.A clean and healthy environment attracts investment and tourism,which in turn boosts the local economy.By investing in green technologies and practices,Shanghai can set an example for other cities to follow.Conclusion:In conclusion,environmental protection is not just a moral responsibility but also a practical necessity for the prosperity of our city and the wellbeing of its inhabitants.By adopting ecofriendly habits and supporting policies that promote sustainability,we can make a significant difference in the fight against environmental degradation.Action Points:Reduce,reuse,and recycle to minimize waste.Support local businesses that prioritize sustainability.Participate in community cleanup events to keep our neighborhoods clean.By following these guidelines and incorporating them into our daily lives,we can collectively work towards a cleaner and healthier environment in Shanghai.。

上海高中一模考英语作文Title: The Importance of Self-discipline in High SchoolIn high school, students face numerous challenges and distractions on a daily basis. From juggling academic assignments to managing extracurricular activities, it can be easy to become overwhelmed and lose focus. This is whereself-discipline plays a crucial role in helping students stay on track and reach their academic goals.Self-discipline is the ability to control one's behavior and impulses in order to achieve a desired outcome. In the context of high school, this means staying focused on studying, completing assignments on time, and resisting the urge to procrastinate or engage in distractions such as social media or video games.One of the key benefits of self-discipline is improved time management. By setting priorities and sticking to a schedule, students can make the most of their time and avoid last-minute cramming before exams. This not only reduces stress but also helps improve academic performance as students have more time to review and understand the material.Self-discipline also fosters a sense of responsibility and accountability. By taking ownership of their actions anddecisions, students learn to take control of their academic success. This can lead to increased motivation and a sense of accomplishment as students see the results of their hard work and dedication.Moreover, self-discipline helps build important life skills such as perseverance and resilience. In high school, students will inevitably face setbacks and challenges. By developing the discipline to push through difficult times and stay focused on their goals, students build the mental toughness needed to overcome obstacles and achieve success in the long run.In conclusion, self-discipline is a valuable trait that can greatly benefit high school students in achieving their academic goals. By cultivating discipline through time management, responsibility, and perseverance, students can set themselves up for success not only in high school but also in their future endeavors. It is important for students to prioritize self-discipline and develop the skills needed to stay focused and motivated in the face of challenges.。

VI.Guided Writing76.Directions:Write an English composition in120—150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.随着数字技术的广泛使用，现在，学校里有些老师喜欢给学生布置线上作业，也有一些老师仍然喜欢布置线下作业，还有一些老师喜欢布置线上和线下混合式作业。

作为一名高三学生，请你给老师写一封邮件，提出你关于作业方面的建议。

邮件内容必须包括：●你觉得哪种作业形式更适合你们班级●简单陈述你的理由，说明其利弊（文中不要出现真实姓名和学校名称）2.崇明区VI.Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.76.假设你是中华中学高三学生徐晶，校团委为了帮助高三学生缓解学习压力，拟利用本月最后一个星期五下午开展一个高三年级减压活动，目前正在向全年级同学征求活动意见。

你给校团委王老师写一封邮件，内容须包括： 你的建议；你的理由。

注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。

3.奉贤区VI.Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.76.假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校学生会正在征集志愿者活动方案，请在以下三项活动中选择一项：一、深入社区宣传环保知识；二、担任“奉贤博物馆”义务讲解员；三、去孤儿院为孩子们上兴趣课。

请你给学生会写封邮件，内容须包括：1.你的选择及理由2.你准备如何做4.虹口区VI.Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.76.明启中学拟举办一次校园摄影展。

上海高三一模英语作文范文As a high school senior in Shanghai, I have been preparing for the upcoming college entrance examination. This is a crucial time for me as I need to balance my academic studies and extracurricular activities in order to achieve my goals.For me, the most challenging aspect of preparing for the college entrance examination is managing my time effectively. I have to ensure that I devote enough time to studying each subject while also participating in other activities that are important for my personal growth and development.In addition to my academic studies, I am also involvedin various extracurricular activities such as volunteering, sports, and music. These activities not only help merelieve stress, but they also provide me with valuable experiences and skills that I believe are important for my future.Furthermore, I have been receiving support and guidance from my teachers, parents, and classmates. They have beeninstrumental in helping me stay focused and motivated throughout this challenging period. Their encouragement and advice have been invaluable to me.Overall, the road to preparing for the college entrance examination has been demanding, but I believe that it has also been a valuable learning experience. I have learned the importance of time management, perseverance, and the support of others. I am confident that these lessons will serve me well in my future endeavors.作为上海的一名高三学生，我一直在为即将到来的高考做准备。

Do you have a favorite podcast?That can be a difficult question to answer for some as there are so many options. That is because the world is full of interesting topics and thoughts about them.If you feel you have something engaging and valuable to share,start a podcast.A podcast is a series of audio episodes that cover a particular subject.The first step to creating a podcast is to find your topic.It's believed that the best topics are ones that you know a lot about and love.Another important step is to make sure you have the right equipment.While podcast equipment can be complex and expensive,it doesn't have to be.For your first podcast,you can simply rely on your phone and computer.You can record all of your audio on your phone.Then with your computer-and the right software-you can mix the audio.This is the process of putting your audio together into one perfect-sounding file.After you have your topic and equipment,you'll want to choose your format.Your podcast could be one person speaking,two people talking,or many people offering their opinions.Your podcast could also include more than one of these options.Once you've decided,you can start drafting your episodes.However,whatever format or formats you choose, maintain the same structure for each episode.The next step is to find a quiet place and do your recording.When you've completed your recording and audio mixing,you'll need to find a platform for your podcast.Luckily there are plenty of free and paid platform options on which to upload your podcast.Before uploading,make sure you have an interesting title and good tags for your show.Be sure to post about your show on social media.Get your podcast listed in a podcast directory,too.You want to get the word out about your podcast to grow your audience.Your podcast just might become someone's new favorite.答案：71.It’s about how to start a podcast.First,find a topic you’re familiar with and fond of.Then,get an appropriate equipment and a computer with a right software for processing.Third,choose a format,single,double or more people involved.Fourth,draft your document and record it.Finally,find a platform to release.54wCall a Physical TherapistYou get up from the sofa and-ow!Back pain takes your breath away.Do you reach for the pain pills?No!Call a physical therapist instead!More and more,physical therapy,or PT,is a common go-to for treating aches and pains.A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life.When it comes to treatment,one size does not fit all.A physical therapist personalizes a treatment plan based on their observations and the patient’s concerns.The goal is to help injured or ill people improve movement and manage pain,so they can live life to the fullest.These therapists work with patients who suffer from back or neck injuries.They help people recover from broken bones and surgeries as well as work-or sports-related injuries.Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. Their hands-on(动手的)therapy includes strengthening or stretching exercises,ice or heat and more.No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree.After completing it,a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice.Further,being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on,personalized patient care required.A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail.They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful.For those looking for a satisfying career,PT is one to consider.The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers.Private clinics and hospitals hire physical therapists.Sports facilities and professional sports teams also employ them.Therapists may work in skilled nursing facilities or visit patients in their own homes.If someone wants to see the world,they may want to become a travel physical therapist.答案：Physical therapists offer personalized treatment to improve injured people’s quality of life.They also teach people to keep fit and avoid further injuries.To become a physical therapist needs to meet many requirements like a doctor’s degree,a professional license,good communication skills,sensitivity for detail and creative problem-solving skills. Currently,there’s a growing demand for physical therapists.(58words)Will Plant-based Protein Continue to be an Appetizer in Food World?A good vegan milk needs to look like milk and taste like milk,whether it’s a fatty version,preferred by bakers,or a skimmed one,favored by the health-conscious.For years,manufacturers of plant-based protein have had trouble hacking this delicate imitation game and it seems that they are winning back a bit.The global revenues(收益)from alternative proteins could reach$290billion by2035and that is a cautious estimate.However,can it last?Unlike those early products,which were neither terribly tasty nor particularly nutritious,cleaver(剁肉刀) processing improves textures,additives boost taste and a pinch of specially engineered peas and beans adds nutrient in the latest products.Still,ultra-processed substitutes seldom match animal proteins in nutritional value.Animal products, including milk,are better for children’s bone development,though lab-grown versions of meat or dairy are becoming more nutritious.Meanwhile,green-minded consumers are realizing that plant-based does not necessarily mean sustainable in that it still takes a lot to obtain raw materials.Farming almonds(杏仁)to make a milk-like drink,for example,uses huge quantities of water.Plant-based proteins are also a tough sell in giant markets like India,where diets are already rich in plants and vegetables,or Nigera,where meat-eating is a sign of wealth.That limits their global appeal.All these suggests that alternative proteins have far to go to replace the animal kind.The limitations may be weighing on the firms involved.Oatly’s market value has fallen by about80%since its listing,partly because of production difficulties.That of Beyond Meat,whose burgers feature in McDonald’s latest menu,is down by90%from its peak.Plant-based foods may no longer be only an appetizer in diets,but their maker remain one in food business.答案：The booming plant-based protein industry faces challenges.Plant-based meat can never be as nutritious as animal-produced protein.Besides,its manufacturing process is not that sustainable,for cultivating plants is resource consuming.Its sale may also meet setbacks in some countries due to their dietary habits.This uncertainty is reflected in the declining market values of relevant enterprises.Why companies are hiring‘prompt engineers’?With the new generative AI tools,like ChatGPT,anyone can put in a prompt—type in a few words and get a result. But that doesn’t mean that the results will be relevant or accurate.The key is putting in the right prompt.That’s why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers—people with the skills,background and practice to talk to so-called large-language AI systems effectively—and why many people expect prompt engineering to be a desirable skill for many kinds of workers to add to their résumés.In general,the more detailed the request,the closer the response will come to what the user is looking for.But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail.For one thing,adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial.Also,there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds,depending on the goal—telling it to write in a certain style or for a certain audience,for instance.Each tool also has particular capabilities and limitations that users can learn to tackle.And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the AI,reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements.Even for people applying to jobs that don’t clearly mention prompt engineering,having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles.Art directors could use generative AI to outline ideas,and marketers could use it to develop new slogans.Software engineers could use it to find problems with their wyers could use it to research a piece of law.This is going to be a foundational skill that all of us need to know.The through line is when you learn a new skill, you can take it in any direction you like.答案：71.A right prompt can ensure a satisfying result from generative AI tools,so companies are hiring prompt engineers.Besides details,it’s important to tell the system how to present the information according to your goal,to handle the system’s capabilities and limitations and improve the result through communication.Prompt engineering is an essential skill across multiple industries.(57words)Benefits of Green SpacesWe all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather.It allows yourmind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life.Studies have commonlyshown the benefits of being around green spaces,including gardens,urban parks andforests.But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings duringchildhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult?A study by the Institute for Global Health surveyed 3,600people from all over Europe.The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire(问卷)on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood—for example,playing in a garden or riding a bike at the park.They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places.Volunteers were then given a psychological test,which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities,to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period.The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure—as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces.The study’s assistant,Wilma Smith,wrote that the results“show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”.She also stressed the importance of“recognizing the implications of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”.According to the study,73percent of Europe’s population only has limited access to natural spaces.So we call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children.While this study was based in Europe,a lack of green space can affect anyone,anywhere.So remember to make time to expose yourself to nature,as your mental health is just as important as the physical one.答案：71.Researches show exposure to nature during childhood has a positive impact on mental health in adulthood. Those using natural spaces more frequently and attaching greater importance to using them score higher in psychological tests including problem-solving abilities and negative feelings’analysis.Therefore,availability of natural spaces should be improved by governments and being exposed to nature should be highlighted.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years,cheerleading has taken two primary forms:game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers,which should not be considered a sport.However,competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling（翻腾运动）ability.It’s a very common thing for gymnasts,so it’s easy for them to go into competitive ually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps,tumbling, and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique,creativity and ually the more difficult the action is,the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides,there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds,during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area.Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.According to some research,competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.Generally,these injuries affect all areas of the body,including wrists,shoulders,ankles,head,and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills.It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down.So without working together to achieve the goal,first place is out of reach.答案：Competitive cheerleading is a competitive sport rather than an entertainment activity.It is physically demanding.It is a rule-governed sport where participants are scored for technique,with a strict time constraint for their performances.Moreover,the sport involves higher injury rates,impacting various body parts.Good coordination and teamwork are also needed for success.(54words).Emotional Preparedness:Managing Life’s ChallengesExpecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as“bracing”.It may help people prepare for emotionally challenging situations,particularly in the moments before these situations occur.People brace for the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes.Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work.Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help.For example,“decision affect theory”proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this,people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations,and disappointed when an event falls behind.Therefore,by anticipating the worst,one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment,because any result will likely surpass(优于)expectations.However,other psychological theories challenge the idea that bracing will be helpful.It has been theorized and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality.There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality.First,people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations.If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview,then you might not invest efforts in preparation,which in turn reduces your chances of doing well.Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations.Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for.During the job interview,you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief,which could negatively affect your performance.In fact,the interviewer did not want to give anything away.Drawing together the scientific studies,it seems that expecting the worst is not a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results.答案：(For reference only)One possible version:“Bracing”involves anticipating the worst to prepare for emotional challenges.Psychological theories,such as decision affect theory,propose its benefits in managing expectations.However,other theories caution that expectations can negatively shape reality,influencing behavior and interpretation.Scientific studies suggest holding positive expectations may be wiser than always bracing for the worst.内容5分三个要点：各1分1.Bracing的定义“Bracing”involves anticipating the worst to prepare for emotional challenges.2.心里学理论的两种对Bracing的观点。

2024上海高考一模英文作文The 2024 Shanghai College Entrance Examination (also known as Gaokao) English first-stage test was held on a sunny morning, filling the air with a sense of tension and excitement. As students walked into the examination room, they were greeted by the sight of rows of desks and chairs, along with the familiar faces of their classmates and the invigilators.As the clock struck 9 am, the test began. The first part of the exam was the listening section, in which students had to listen attentively to a series of recordings and answer questions based on what they heard. Some students furrowed their brows in concentration, while others tapped their pencils nervously on their desks. Despite the pressure, they remained focused and determined to do their best.Next came the reading and writing section, where students had to tackle a variety of comprehension passages and essays. Some students breezed through the questions with ease, while others struggled to find the right answers. However, they persevered, carefully reading and analyzing each question before putting pen to paper. The room was filled with the sound of scribbling pencils and rustling papers, as students poured their thoughts and ideas onto the blank sheets in front of them.The final part of the exam was the speaking section, where students had to showcase their communication skills by engaging in a conversation with the examiners. Some students spoke confidently and fluently, while others stuttered and stumbled over their words. However, each student gave it their best shot, determined to make a good impression and earn a high score.As the clock struck 12 pm, the exam came to an end. The students breathed a sigh of relief, knowing that they had given it their all and could now relax and wait for the results. Some exchanged high-fives and words of encouragement, while others sat quietly, lost in their thoughts.In the end, the 2024 Shanghai College Entrance Examination was a challenging yet rewarding experience for all the students who participated. It tested their knowledge, skills, and resilience, pushing them to their limits and preparing them for the next stage of their academic journey. And as they walked out of the examination room, heads held high, they knew that no matter what the results may be, they had given it their best shot and could be proud of their efforts.。

上海高三一模英文作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Shanghai Senior Three First Model English CompositionAs the first semester of the school year comes to an end, senior three students in Shanghai are gearing up for their first round of exams – the first model exam. This exam, which covers all the material learned in the first semester, is crucial as it sets the tone for the rest of the academic year.Preparation for the first model exam begins months in advance, with teachers assigning extra homework and holding review sessions to ensure that students are well-prepared. Many students also take advantage of online resources and study groups to reinforce their understanding of the material.One of the subjects that students find most challenging is English. With its complex grammar rules and vast vocabulary, English can be a daunting subject for many students. However, with plenty of practice and dedication, students can improve their English skills and achieve success on the first model exam.To excel in English, students must focus on all aspects of the language, including reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Reading English articles, novels, and newspapers can help students improve their reading comprehension skills and expand their vocabulary. Writing practice is also essential, as it allows students to hone their grammar and sentence structure. Engaging in conversations with classmates and teachers can improve students' speaking and listening abilities.During the first model exam, students will be tested on all these aspects of English, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing. To perform well on the exam, students must manage their time effectively and remain calm under pressure. They should carefully read and understand each question before providing their answers, and revise their work to eliminate errors.Ultimately, success on the first model exam requires hard work, dedication, and a positive attitude. By studying diligently and seeking help when needed, senior three students in Shanghai can achieve their academic goals and pave the way for a successful future.In conclusion, the first model exam is a crucial milestone for senior three students in Shanghai. By focusing on their Englishskills and putting in the necessary effort, students can excel on the exam and set themselves up for success in the rest of the academic year. With determination and perseverance, Shanghai students can overcome any challenges they face and achieve their academic goals. Good luck to all senior three students on their first model exam!篇2Shanghai Gaokao English Topic: Shanghai High School First Model Exam English EssayThe Shanghai high school first model exam is an important milestone in the journey of high school seniors as they prepare for the college entrance exam, also known as the Gaokao. For many students in Shanghai, this exam serves as a benchmark of their academic abilities and a predictor of their performance in the final Gaokao exam. In this essay, I will explore the significance of the Shanghai high school first model exam and its impact on students' academic success.The first model exam in Shanghai is typically held in the third year of high school, during the second semester. It covers a wide range of subjects, including Chinese, mathematics, English, and other core subjects. However, the English exam is often seen asone of the most challenging due to its emphasis on reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. Students are expected to demonstrate their proficiency in English by answering a series of multiple-choice and free-response questions that test their language skills and critical thinking abilities.For many students, the first model exam is a stressful and nerve-wracking experience. It's not uncommon for students to spend countless hours studying and preparing for the exam, hoping to secure a high score that will impress colleges and universities. The pressure to perform well can be overwhelming, leading to feelings of anxiety and self-doubt. However, for those who are able to navigate the challenges of the first model exam successfully, the rewards can be significant.Achieving a high score on the first model exam can open doors to prestigious universities and scholarship opportunities. Many top-tier colleges and universities in Shanghai and throughout China use the results of the first model exam as a key factor in their admissions process. A strong performance on the English exam, in particular, can demonstrate a student's communication skills and language proficiency, setting them apart from other candidates. As a result, students who excel onthe first model exam are more likely to secure a spot at their dream school and pursue their academic goals.In addition to its impact on college admissions, the first model exam serves as a valuable learning experience for students. By challenging themselves to master the material and perform to the best of their abilities, students can develop important skills such as time management, critical thinking, and problem-solving. The process of preparing for and taking the exam can also help students build resilience and perseverance, qualities that are essential for success in academics and beyond.Overall, the Shanghai high school first model exam is a crucial stepping stone for students as they prepare for the Gaokao and pursue their higher education goals. While the exam may be daunting, it offers students an opportunity to showcase their academic abilities, challenge themselves, and achieve their aspirations. By approaching the first model exam with determination and dedication, students can position themselves for success and set the stage for a bright future.篇3Shanghai Senior Three First Model English CompositionHigh school students in Shanghai, especially senior three students, are currently preparing for their first model examinations. This is a crucial time for these students as they are getting ready to take a major assessment that will determine their academic performance and potentially impact their future plans. The first model exams are a significant milestone in their academic journey, and students across Shanghai are feeling the pressure as they work hard to excel in these assessments.Preparation for the first model exams typically begins months in advance, with students dedicating countless hours to studying and revision. Subjects such as mathematics, Chinese, English, and science are given special attention, as these are the core subjects that make up the exams. Teachers also play a vital role during this period, providing extra support and guidance to help students perform at their best.Apart from academic preparation, students also focus on developing effective study habits and time management skills. Many students create study schedules and set goals to ensure that they cover all the required material before the exams. Additionally, they participate in mock exams and practice tests to familiarize themselves with the exam format and improve their problem-solving abilities.The first model exams are not only a test of academic knowledge but also a test of mental resilience. The intense pressure and expectations placed on students can be overwhelming, causing immense stress and anxiety. In order to cope with these challenges, students are encouraged to take care of their mental and physical well-being by practicing relaxation techniques, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.Despite the challenges and pressures, the first model exams are an opportunity for students to showcase their hard work and dedication. It is a chance for them to demonstrate their academic abilities and strive for excellence. With the support of their teachers, parents, and peers, students in Shanghai are determined to succeed in the first model exams and achieve their goals.As the first model exams approach, students are reminded to stay focused, stay positive, and believe in their abilities. They are encouraged to approach the exams with confidence and determination, knowing that their hard work will pay off in the end. The first model exams are just the beginning of their academic journey, and with perseverance and dedication,students in Shanghai can overcome any obstacles and achieve success.。

上海市2022年高三英语一模概要写作（汇编）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.2022虹口一模Is Student-loan Forgiveness Unforgivable?Roughly 45 million Americans currently hold $1.6 trillion in student debt, with the average student-loan receiver owing between $20,000 and $25,000, according to the Federal Reserve. Among those actively making payments on their debt, the average monthly installment is between $200 and $300. And with 5.3 million more people unemployed than in February, right before the U.S. fell into the economic depression caused by pandemic (流行病), some people say that student-debt forgiveness could be beneficial to the economy.“Student-debt cancellation feels like one of the most accessible executive actions to stimulate the economy at the moment,” says Suzanne Kahn, director of the Education. Kahn says the move would also help close the wealth gap between white Americans and people of color. Some 90% of Black students and 72% of Latino students take out loans for college versus just 66% of white students, according to an analysis from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.But others argue that sweeping student-loan forg iveness doesn’t help the people who need aid most. Americans with college degrees, as a whole, have been less influenced by the economic effects of COVID-19 than their non-college-educated counterparts. Besides, they raise concerns that if the government wipes out current student loans, future college students may have a motivator to take on debts, hoping they will also be forgiven. Colleges may in turn tend to raise their prices further.What’s clear, according to the both sides of the aisle (过道), is that economic crises worsen the problem of student debt. The last time the U.S. dipped into a recession, state governments cut their investments in colleges and universities—which,in turn, raised their tuition prices and forced students to take on ever larger loans.In recent weeks, the government has walked a fine line on the issue, offering support for a bill calling for $10,000 worth of student-loan forgiveness but turning down anything close to a plan to issue $50,000 per borrower through executive action.That’s not sustainable in the long run. It remains to be seen if the government can arrive at a political solution that is.答案With the problem of student loan worsened by pandemic-induced recession, people hold diverse attitudes towards student-debt forgiveness. Some argue it serves to stimulate economy and bridge the wealth gap while others maintain it can’t help those most in need and show the concern about setting the precedent. Despite the efforts made by the government, a sustainable solution hasn’t been reached.2022宝山一模Romantic AttractionSometimes, it seems we are attracted towards people romantically in a puzzling manner. We see someone and our romantic side bursts out. However, it is not a mystery to science and people who study sociology. There are definite causes as to why people become romantically attracted to each other. These factors are, similarity, communication, and honesty.Though people often say opposites attract, similarity often connects individuals in a romantic way. In fact, based on research done by the University of Colorado Boulder, we tend to choose partners who have a similar DNA to ours. Of course we cannot examine the DNA of others readily, but we can naturally “feel” if people are a genetic match for us.Communication is another essential factor in the romantic attraction way. If we feel a deep connection to someone through the ease of talking with them, we are much more likely to be attracted to that person. It is difficult to be romantically involved with someone you can barely communicate with. And as a side note, there are people we are not attracted to each other in appearance, but after communicating with themfor some time, we suddenly become romantically interested in them.Friends often connect through noticing the honesty of others, but this also lends to romantic attraction. According to Kelly Campbell, PhD, “Chemistry occurs most often between people who are down-to-earth and sincere. This is because if a person is comfortable with themselves, they are better able to express their true self to the world, which makes it easier to get to know them, even if perspectives on important matters differed”. This adds to the perspective that easy communication between people contributes to romantic attraction.答案Simil arity, communication and honesty are the reasons why people draw others’ attention. Firstly, research shows genetic similarity makes a good match. Secondly, communicating with each other makes us feel connected and interested. Thirdly, honesty leads to romantic attraction, as we are happy with honest people and understand each other easily.(50 words)2022崇明一模Is Small Talk Necessary?What’s the first thing you do when you enter a crowded room? You probably look around for a familiar face. When you can’t find one, you have two choices: you can stand alone, or you can walk up and speak to someone that you don’t know.Starting a conversation with a stranger, though, is often uncomfortable and can be a little scary. Yet as you go through life, you’re sure to encounter strangers in many different situations, when a need to connect with others will hopefully outweigh your fears. In order to prepare, it helps to learn the art of small talk.Small talk is the beginning stage of a casual conversation, which usually takes place between strangers or casual acquaintances. With small talk, two or more people search for common interests and points of connection. If one is discovered, the conversation usually begins to flow more naturally, often resulting in deeper discussion.Mastering a few techniques will allow you to enter a room full of strangers withconfidence.When you walk up to a group, notice anyone trying to make eye contact with you because this is often a sign that the person is interested in talking. Begin by introducing yourself, and then, you should begin with one of three topics: talk about yourself, the other person or something you can both observe, like the weather.Another way to begin a conversation is with a compliment. Your praise of someone’s scar f might lead to a discussion about favorite places to shop.Radio host Terry Gross, who has interviewed thousands of people over the years, says one opening request works for her every time: “Tell me about yourself.” This approach gets the ball rolling because people enjoy talking about themselves.Though small talk takes practice, it’s worth the effort and it’s the stimulus that can lead to deeper conversations.答案Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it’s unavoidable. Therefore, it’s nec essary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations. To do small talk right, look for signs of interest and begin with self-introduction and common topics. You can also start your conversation with praises or an opening request. (57 words)2022黄浦一模Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice It’s not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past, promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic a nalysis of the employees’ past performance and seniority. In some cases, the individual’s performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out. However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots.Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are more likely to generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put, no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder. As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard.答案Nowadays, more companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees’ past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages. One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. The other is that it stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees’ work level. (59 words)2022嘉定一模How Career Planning Can Help You Get AheadAre you feeling t rapped in a boring and unfulfilling job? Or maybe you’re looking for a job but you’re not clear on which career direction you should pursue? No matter what stage of your career you find yourself in, career planning can help you establish a focused vision and achieve your full potential in your career.Career planning is the process of setting goals for career advancement and creating a roadmap of concrete action steps to achieve those goals. Although career planning requires time and effort, it has many benefits. First, by establishing a long-term goal to work toward, you’ll find clarity in your career path and renewed motivation for your daily boring activities. A career plan can also provide you with an escape route from an unpromising job.Career planning will also help you recognize and take advantage of opportunities to advance your career. The goals you set during career planning will influence all of your later strategic decisions. Since you know what you hope to achieve in your career, you’ll be able to evaluate job openings and other opportunities to determine if they fit your plan for reaching your objectives.Finally, career planning is an effective tool for success in advancing your career. Benefits of career advancement include earning a higher salary, achieving increased job satisfaction, improving your skills and expertise, and gaining access to exciting new opportunities. Career advancement might look like moving upward to a leadership role, transferring to a new occupation, receiving specialty training, or taking on increased responsibility.In order to advance in your career and achieve your goals, you need to not only create a career plan but also develop the skills needed to qualify for your ideal position.答案Career planning is beneficial to your career development. Firstly, with clear goals, you will become more motivated and find a favorable job. Secondly, the goals can help you seize opportunities to find more suitable jobs. Finally, your promotion can be got by career planning. So making career planning and improving professional skills can help you own an ideal job.2022静安一模You still need a better reason to plant a tree?Police aren’t cheap and neither are lawyers, judges, and all the other layers thatmake up the justice system. But trees and some grass, in comparison, are a real bargain, and they prove to be effective in fighting crimes.Many cities used to launch programs to plant vegetation along roadways to help absorb rainwater. After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas, Michelle Kondo, a social scientist found that a variety of crimes including property crimes such as theft and burglary, and violent crimes such as armed fights and mayhem in those areas decreased to 27 percent, a stunning 18 percent fall. Kondo believed the appearance of city trucks and vans in the landscaped areas — for planting and maintenance — was enough to scare away potential criminals.Kondo's study also worked on the link between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas. It's tempting to use income as the connection. After all, if you have the time and money to water your lawn, you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime. But actually, people are less likely to hang in those areas where the streets are maintained or cle aned. “You will see less kids hanging on the corners,” Kondo said. He argued that caution of the local people implied by the organized greenery helped to frighten away ill-intentioned guys, by announcing to would-be criminals that there are "eyes on the street" that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime.We already know greenery is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution. Now we can add crime-fighting to the list of vegetation's many benefits. Therefore, are you ready to plant a tree?答案Crime fighting costs huge public budget but trees are cheap and productive in combating crimes. Kondo found planting vegetation leads to a sharp drop of various crimes due to the presence of vehicles when trees are planted or maintained. Besides, lawn care and crime drop are closely related and Kondo regards cautious residents rather than income as the reason.(59 words)2022闵行一模Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments for homework, and most teachers would agree with many of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to review what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop self-governance outside the classroom; students and parents expect homework to be set and graded. Nevertheless, the drawbacks homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the way back home or to class. Additionally, for it to be done effectively at home, homework often requires adults’ i nvolvement. Parents aren’t always available, for some very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid and guide may be limited in many ways. The implications are unsettling: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.If the idea of “home” can be problematic, so can the concept of “work”. Very often there is so much to do. Demand on their time means homework is usually something to get out of the way as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful time spent strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the Internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, review what they did with their teacher, use the great resources to put everything they have learnt in class into practice, doesn’t often happen with some students.答案Though many argue homework is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected. First, homework is often done outside home and without guidance, it can’t be done effectively. Besides, the efforts put into homework are rarely appreciated or easy to assess, so everybody is happy when seeing it finished, regardless of the quality. Therefore, the expected/ desired effects of homework are rarely achieved.2022浦东一模MindfulnessMindfulness typically refers to a state of in-the-moment awareness in which one avoids judging the thoughts and emotions of himself and others. It is often practiced in meditation(冥想) and some forms of therapy.Numerous findings from psychological research suggest practicing mindfulness can lead to many benefits, including stress reduction and increased psychological well-being. For example, in a study of cancer patients, cultivating mindfulness through meditation or other mindfulness-based training enabled people to be more selective about their emotional experiences, enabling them to reduce their stress and anxiety while increasing positive emotions. Similarly, studies show that mindfulness can also enhance information processing speed while reducing effort and negative thoughts and the meditators significantly outperformed the non-meditators on all measures of attention, suggesting that mindfulness improves one’s ability to focus.It is apparent that mindfulness has many noteworthy benefits, which include everything from psychological to physical improvements. However, research has also shown that in some cases mindfulness can also lead to negative outcomes. For example, one study found that following mindfulness meditation, participants were more likely to form false memories, demonstrating a potential unintended downside to mindfulness. In addition, another study suggested mindfulness researchers needed to be careful that they di dn’t harm participants by bringing about unpleasant mental, physical, or spiritual reactions through mindfulness. For example, mindfulness meditation may result in severe anxiety for those diagnosed with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) ( 创伤后应激障碍). Those with PTSD tend to avoid thoughts and feelings related to their trauma. However, mindfulness meditation encourages emotional openness, which could lead individuals with PTSD to experience the stressors that they previously avoided, potentially leading to re-traumatization.It can’t be denied that mindfulness is an important tool in the managerial toolbox, but it is not a cure-all, and it must be applied thoughtfully to be effective.答案Mindfulness means being in the present mind state without assessing oneself or others. Many findings suggest practicing mindfulness has many benefits, including stress reduction and increased attention. Despite these benefits, mindfulness can come at a cost because it may form false memories and hurt participants by magnifying negative memories. Therefore, it should be used carefully. (55words)2022普陀一模Can Birdsong Make You Happier?If you are able to step outside and hear many types of birds, you might also have a greater feeling of well-being. Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.One study was done by the researchers at California Polytechnic State University. The team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the U.S. state of Colorado. Danielle Ferraro, who led the Cal Poly study, says that there could be an evolutionary reason why we like birdsong. The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us. There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather. Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.Similarly, scientists in Germany examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. The researchers looked at the European Quality of Life Survey to study the connection between the different kinds of birds in their surroundings and life satisfaction. They looked at more than 26,000 adults from 26 European countries. "Europeans are particularly satisfied with their lives if their surroundings have a high species diversity," explains the study's lead author, Joel Methorst, a researcher at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.So, if birdsong is good for our mental health, how can we increase the different types of birdsongs we hear? Scientists also mentioned, "We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities. And they might look nice to us, but birds can't necessarily use them. So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity."答案Hearing different birdsongs makes people happier, as two researches show. American scientists who studied the impacts of birdsong on hikers explain birdsong signals security, pleasant weather and healthy surroundings. German researchers also found the environment with various species of birds led to people's well-being. Therefore, people are recommended to plant native plants to increase the variety of birds. (57 words)2022青浦一模Rock Climbing —conservationists’ new concernNow, with its first appearance at this year’s Tokyo Olympics, the once minority sport is set to reach new heights. Yet the popularity of rock climbing and its sister sport, bouldering (where climbers scramble up large rocks without the use of ropes or safety belts), is raising questions about the damaging environmental effects of climbing chalk — a common and essential climbing tool.Made from magnesium carbonate (碳酸镁), climbing chalk is the same substance that gymnasts and weightlifters use to improve their grasp on bars and weights. In fact, it was first introduced to rock climbing in the 1950s by John Gill. Since then, amateur and professional climbers alike have come to depend on the chalk’s properties of removing water a nd increasing friction (摩擦力) —and have been leaving long stripes of the stuff on rock faces around the world.The resulting “chalk graffiti” has become so bad in the United States that parks are beginning to restrict its use. Utah’s Arches National Park a llows only colored chalk that mostly matches rocks, while Colorado’s Garden of the Gods National Natural Landmark banned all chalk and chalk substitutes.Beyond the visual pollution, new research suggests chalk may be harming the plants that grow on rocks. The latest study on the effects of climbing chalk, released October 2020, found that it negatively impacted both the growing and survival of four species of ferns and mosses (蕨类和苔藓) inhabiting rocks in laboratory settings.That matters because some clim bing spots, such as erratic boulders (the study’s focus), host unique ecosystems. These unpredictable boulders —rocks scattered across the globe by large masses of slowly flowing ice at the end of the Ice Age — are islands of vegetation, different from the land they sit on.It’s not even clear whether chalk improves climbing performance at all. Some papers found no additional grip benefits, while others found the opposite. Some climbers may find it helpful, says Daniel Hepenstrick, a co-author of the 2020 study and a doctoral candidate at ETH Zürich.答案The popularity of rock climbing has caused some environmental problems because of its essential climbing tool—climbing chalk. Besides the visual pollution by “chalk graffiti”, the ecosystem unique to rock-dwelling species has been damaged, so many nature reserves set some restrictions on chalk. However, climbers hold different attitudes towards the effect of climbing chalk on their performance. (57 words)2022松江一模Soft Skills—Soft or Not?Rapidly advancing technology and its impact on education have been a subject of much debate. How can schools equip students with the skills to succeed in a changing job market? Since technology is driving many social changes, there is an opinion that governments should keep focusing on STEM subjects. These are often referred to as “hard skills”, which are prioritized in primary schools and right through to university level.However, research from Harvard University on the global job market has shown that STEM-related careers grew strongly between 1989 and 2000 but have slowed ever since. In contrast, jobs in the creative industries, which are probably mostassociated with the need for soft skills, are growing rapidly. A study by Deloitte Access Economics predicts that “so ft skill-intensive occupations will account for two-thirds of all jobs by 2030”.With the rapid evolution of technology, a focus on hard skills leaves people delicate when facing change, as these skills often have a limited shelf life. According to a survey, more than one in four adults reported a mismatch between their skills and those needed for their job role. Fortunately, soft skills can solve the problem, enabling people to adapt to change more easily in their chosen field. Additionally, interpersonal interactions in the modern workplace require some level of soft skills. At a company they might be negotiating to win a new contract or networking for a new job. People use soft skills every day at work and developing them will help things in the job go smoothly.Many universities have begun to emphasize soft skills such as critical thinking alongside hard skills. But the issue goes much deeper. Soft skills need to be handled across the entire education system so that by the time students reach university level, they are already armed with the qualities needed to further develop these skills.答案cational institutions tended to attach greater importance to hard skills, but jobs requiring soft skills are in greater demand these years. They can equip students with adaptability and promote effective interactions in the future job. It is advisable that soft skills should be emphasized all through the school years. (49 words)2022徐汇一模Breaking up is hard to do but men’s hearts hurt most When it comes to break-ups, men suffer more emotional pain than women, a study has found. The first-of-its-kind analysis used online relationships to map the most common problems experienced by couples who told their stories outside the therapist’s office.A team of researchers at Lancaster University helped to produce the report. Charlotte Entwistle, the lead author, said: “Most of what we know comes from studiesof people in couples therapy: a specific set of people. We wanted to understand not only what relationship problems are most commonly experienced by the public, but who experiences by the public, but who experiences which problems more.”To bridge the gap the team analysed the characteristics of more than 184,000 people who had posted their problems to an anonymous online forum, and they created a “map” of the most common issues.Communication was the most frequent, cited by nearly one in five people, while one in eight reported that trust was a struggle. The outcomes came as no surprise but the team was taken aback at the obvious gender differences. The theme that kept cropping up was the “heartache” felt, and the team recorded specific words such as “regret”, “break up”, “cry”, and “heart-broken”.Contrary to expectation, men talked about heartbreak significantly more than women. The findings suggest that the stereotype of men being less emotionally invested in relationships may be inaccurate.The researchers also found that men were more likely to seek online professional help. Dr Ryan Boyd, the lead researcher, sai d: “When you remove the traditional social stigmas against men for seeking help and sharing their emotions, they seem just as invested in working through rough patches in their relationships as women.”The researchers hope that an accurate picture of relationship problems could help couples avoid common setbacks. Boyd said: “This gives us serious hope that we can use help-seeking behavior to better understand all types of social and psychological issues.”The study was published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.答案A research group studying relationship problems found that men emotionally suffer more in break-ups through analysis of an online forum. While analyzing, the researchers surprisingly discovered that emotions, such as heartbreak, appear more often in men’s descriptions. Besides, men tend to ask for help more. This research gives hope to understanding and solving common problems for couples. (58 words)。