阿联酋 迪拜的现状(以09年信息为准,尽量把范围缩小到迪拜,概要

阿联酋/ 迪拜的现状（以09年信息为准，尽量把范围缩小到迪拜，没有办法的话就把范围定在阿联酋就可以了）
合计46条信息
A. Economic 经济要素（此大类的信息请提供近年的数据倾向）
1.Economic policy of UAE/Dubai 经济政策
In matters unrelated to diplomacy and defence, each emirate enjoys considerable autonomy in managing its own affairs. In business, the government of Dubai is committed to liberal, free market policies and to the creation of a business environment conducive to commercial activity.
This approach is well illustrated by the incentives available to investors in the Jebel Ali and Airport Free Zones and by the continuing high level of public sector investment in the
infrastructure
2.GDP 国内生产总值
Dubai 's GDP to touch AED174.6 billion in 2009
Dubai's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is expected to reach AED 174.6 billion in the year 2009, according to realistic projections that take into account the emirate's actual GDP
growth over a period from 1995 to 2004.
3.GDP Growth 国内生产总值生长
'Dubai's GDP has been growing at a medium pace over the past few years as indicated by official statistics. In 1995, it was AED 41.3 billion while it rose to AED 110.7 billion in 2004, which means an overall growth of 98.7 per cent during this 10-year period and an annual average growth of 11 per cent. On the national level, this average growth during the same period was 9.8 per cent per annum,
Dubai’s gross domestic product (GDP) of Dubai rose to between 13 and 16 percent in
nominal terms in 2008, according to preliminary data from a government department.
4.Per capita income 个人平均所得
The world’s third richest, with per capita income of $16,471.
According to Al-Sharq Al-Awsat newspaper (February 4, 2007), the Emirate of Dubai
targets is targeting a $44,000 per capita income by 2015
5.Inflation 通货膨胀
Inflation rate down by 0.9% in February 2009
6.CPI 消费者物价指数
7.Unemployment 失业率
3.2%
8.BOP 国际收支
9.Trading partners and key imports and exports 贸易伙伴以及关键的进出口业务
10.Trade agreements 国际贸易协定
11.Resources/Natural Environment relevant to Risko 资源以及自然环境
12.Infrastructure 经济基础设施
Dubai Economy
Economy - overview:
Since the 1960s the UAE has progressed from a largely subsistence economy—mostly farming, fishing, and pearl harvesting—to a developed one that provides a very high standard of living. The main engine for the extraordinary growth and development of the economy has been the petroleum sector, although the non-oil trade has played a significant role and all the emirates have begun to diversify their economies. The 2004
gross domestic product (GDP) was $104.2 billion. The total workforce of the UAE was estimated at 2,577,952
in 2004, with 59 percent working in services. Out of that, more than 90 % of its workforce is made up of people from other countries.
Mining : The UAE is rich in both oil and natural gas. Proven reserves amount to approximately 100 billion barrels of oil and about 5.7 trillion cu m (about 200 trillion cu ft) of natural gas. At present rates of production—858 million barrels of oil per year—the UAE’s oil will last for more than 100 years. Its gas will last
for more than 200 years. These resources directly contribute about one-third of the country’s GDP.
Manufacturing & Services : In addition to petrochemical production, other manufacturing has become important, with rapid growth in aluminum production, paint and clothes manufacturing, and food processing. There is a very active private commercial sector, and trading services and other businesses in Dubai are a major factor in the country’s economy. Community and social services such as teaching and government employment are significant sources of jobs.
Tourism has grown rapidly in the country over past few decades; many Europeans and other foreigners are attracted by the mild winter weather, extensive beaches, areas of scenic and historic interest, and opportunities for shopping in the suqs (markets). Hotels and other tourist facilities are modern and equipped with all the latest amenities.
Agriculture : Agriculture and livestock raising make up only 3 percent of the GDP. These pursuits are important, however, because the UAE has achieved a significant level of
self-sufficiency in several food categories, including vegetables, eggs, and dairy products. The country is a major producer of dates for both domestic consumption and export. Many of the farms are small, but since agriculture is supported by generous government subsidies it is no longer considered a subsistence activity.
Energy : Due to its vast petrochemical resources, the UAE obtains its electricity almost exclusively from oil- and gas-burning power plants. The UAE’s plentiful fuel suppl y has made extensive desalination facilities and other energy-intensive activities possible.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$63.67 billion (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
5.7% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $25,200 (2004 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$4.955 trillion (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $30,400 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 4%
industry: 58.5%
services: 37.5% (2002 est.)
Labor force:
2.36 million
note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 7%, industry 15%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate:
2.4% (2001)
Population below poverty line:
NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.2% (2004 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
20.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $23.68 billion
expenditures: $25.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.4 billion (2004 est.)
Public debt:
17.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products:
dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish
Industries:
petroleum, fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles
Industrial production growth rate:
4% (2000)
Electricity - production:
45.12 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
36.51 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2004)
Oil - production:
2.335 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - consumption:
310,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - exports:
2.5 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - imports:
0 bbl/day (2004)
Oil - proved reserves:
97.8 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Natural gas - production:
44.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 33.7 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
7.19 billion cu m (2003 est.) Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
6.06 trillion cu m (2004)
Current account balance:
$6.3 billion (2004 est.)
Exports:
$69.48 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities:
crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
Exports - partners:
Japan 24.9%, South Korea 9.9%, India 5.4%, Thailand 5.2% (2004)
Imports:
$45.66 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
Imports - partners:
China 10%, India 9.8%, Japan 6.8%, Germany 6.5%, UK 6.2%, France 6.1%, US 6% (2004)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$18.64 billion (2004 est.)
Debt - external:
$5.9 billion (2004 est.)
Economic aid - donor:
since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)
ODA, $8.9 billion (2004)
Currency (code):
Emirati dirham (AED)
Exchange rates:
Emirati dirhams per US dollar - 3.6725 (2004), 3.6725 (2003), 3.6725 (2002), 3.6725 (2001), 3.6725 (2000) note: officially pegged to the US dollar since February 2002
Fiscal year:
calendar year
B. Political 政治要素
ernment structure and how it operates 政府结构以及运作形式
ernment philosophy and future directions 政府理念
ernment Intervention (relates to how involved the Government is with business)
政府干预程度
4.International Relations with other countries 和其他国的国际关系
5.Political stability and political risk associated with UAE/Dubai 政治稳固性与政治风
险
6.Level of Corruption/Bribery 政治腐败、贿赂情况
The relative political and financial influence of each emirate is reflected in the allocation of positions in the federal government. The ruler of Abu Dhabi, whose emirate is the UAE's major oil producer, is president of the UAE. The ruler of Dubai, which is the UAE's commercial center and a significant oil producer, is vice president and prime minister.
Since achieving independence in 1971, the UAE has worked to strengthen its federal institutions. Nonetheless, each emirate still retains substantial autonomy, and progress toward greater federal integration has slowed in recent years. A basic concept in the UAE Government's development as a federal system is that a significant percentage of each emirate's revenues should be devoted to the UAE central budget.
Although complexity of local government differs depending on size and development of each emirate, most such as Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah and Ajman have own Executive Councils chaired by respective rulers and possessing various departments reflective of federal ministries. Various autonomous agencies also exist such as an Environment Agency, Tourism Authority, Authority for Culture and Heritage, and Health Authority. Some emirates such as Abu Dhabi may also be divided into two municipalities (the Western and Eastern Regions) and its main cities of Abu Dhabi and Al Ain are also administered by own municipalities with a municipal council. Abu Dhabi, as well as Sharjah also have their own National Consultative Councils with similar local duties and role as the Federal National Council.
It has long been regional tradition for rulers to hold open discussions with their people, be they common, merchants or the elite. Often, this forum is held by the emirate rulers as well as senior family members. This open majlis, or consultation, is held periodically however, a ruler may also appoint an emir, or wali, to whom concerns may be directed by the general population when necessary. This individual is often considered a leading tribal figure whose trust is placed by his tribe as well as the ruler.
C Legal 法律要素
1.Legal system and how it works 法律体系和运作方式
ernment rules and regulations establishing business 政府关于商业的规章制度
3.Ownership of business, land, and office 生意、土地、办公场所的所有权
pany structure/ controls 公司结构和管理
bour/employment law 劳动法等相关条例
pany liability 公司责任
7.Intellectual Property law relevant for Risko 知识产权相关法律
In general, Gulf states operate as largely patriarchal societies, headed and administered by ruling families, whose aim is to maintain the status quo while moving towards increased democracy (although in many cases the authorities seem to follow the old adage: ‘If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’).
The Islamic system of law, known as Sharia (or Shari’a or Shariah), derives from four sources: the Holy Koran ( Qu’ran), Sunn ah, Ijma and Qiyas. The Holy Koran, being the word of God ( Allah), is the principal source. The Sunnah comprises the accepted deeds and statements of the Prophet Mohammed, accepted by the whole Islamic world (the Ummah). Ijma is a consensus among religious scholars (the Ulema) regarding solutions to matters not specifically covered in either the Koran or the Sunnah. In difficult cases, where there’s no information to provide the basis for a clear decision, ‘analogous consideration’ ( Qiyas) is applied in conjunction with the three other sources of the law.
In Sharia law, as in other legal systems, a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty. The plaintiff and defendant are equal before the law – i.e. in a court of law –and it’s incumbent upon the former to provide proof of guilt. This involves producing two or four eyewitnesses, depending on the seriousness of the crime. If a plaintiff isn’t able to produce eyewitnesses, he can insist on the defendant swearing an oath as to his innocence. If the
def endant refuses to take this oath, he’s judged to be guilty, as perjurers suffer hellfire and eternal damnation according to Muslim belief. Jews and Christians swear a different oath, but it has equal validity. A judge ( qadi) presides over the court and can put questions to all parties at will. There are no juries and often no lawyers to present the case for their clients. There are systems of appeal, which can be used in cases of serious crime and punishment.
According to ancient law, the payment of ‘blood money’ ( diya) for injury or death can be requested by the victim’s family as compensation. The amount of blood money required varies between the states (it’s most likely to be exacted in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the UAE) and according to the circumstances of the death and to the extent of the hardship that the death will cause. For example, the death of a father of 12 would attract a larger payment than that of a child. A local Muslim’s life will be assessed for a larger financial benefit than people of other religions, faiths or nationalities. For example, in Saudi Arabia, a male Muslim’s life is worth SR100,000 (around $24,000), but Christians are worth only around half as much. And if the incident occurs in the Holy month of Ramadan, the penalty is usually doubled.
Under Islamic law, the crimes that carry defined penalties are murder, apostasy (rejection or desertion of Islam), adultery, fornication, homosexuality and theft. Interpretations of the law and punishments vary from state to state. Lesser offences might include debt, usury, alcohol and drug abuse, and use of pornography.
As an expatriate, you’re subject, of course, to the laws of the country you’re in. If you’re thought to have broken a law, you’re taken under arrest to a police station, questioned and instructed to make a statement. Up to this point, it’s highly unlikely that you will be allowed access to outside help, either legal or consular. If the offence is deemed serious enough to warrant your detention, you might have to wait some time before your case comes up. You will be allowed legal representation, but everything will be conducted in Arabic. Your statement will be translated into Arabic, and it’s important to insist that an appropriate official, e.g. a member of staff from your consulate, checks the accuracy of the translation and the content of anything you’re required to sign. If no one is available to do this, you should refuse to sign, or sign with an endorsement to the effect that you don’t have a clear understanding of the document.
In court, an interpreter will be present to assist you and an official from your embassy or consulate is likely to be present, although only as an observer. If you’re found guilty, the judge will sentence you and ask for your written acceptance of the sentence, unless you want to appeal. Appeals obviously go to higher courts, depend a great deal on the severity of the accusation and sentencing, and can take time. In very serious cases, political influence might be brought to bear on your behalf, provided that your country has sufficient influence, but this is rare. Having influence with a person in authority can be of help to you, although expatriates rarely have such influence. Locals, on the other hand, may be able to petition their ruler to seek his guidance and help. In minor cases, your employer might intervene to help, particularly if you’re valuable to him, as long as he won’t lose face.
If you’re unfortunate enough to be given a custodial sentence, this is intended as a punishment rathe r than rehabilitation. If you’re found guilty of a serious crime, you may find yourself in a hot, overcrowded prison, where treatment is often harsh and you might have to witness the punishment of others, including their flogging.
Ignorance of the law is n’t accepted as anexcuse before the law, so it’s as well to acquaint yourself with the laws of the country that you choose to live in.
Non-Muslim expatriates sometimes regard Sharia law as unbending and overly punitive, which it often is by western standards – and for good reason. Expatriates are largely expendable commodities and, if you’ve engaged in criminal activity, you’re sent home after punishment.
As in other Gulf states, the legal system in Dubai is a mixture of Sharia, civil and criminal law, implemented by the Federal Judiciary, which comprises courts of first instance and supreme courts. The Supreme Council of Rulers, the highest ruling body in the UAE, appoints the five members representing the Federal Supreme Court, who preside over matters concerning constitutional law and rule on cases affecting disputes between
any of the Emirates and the Federation as a whole. Local government plays an important part in legislation within each Emirate.
D Financial 金融
1.Banking system and how it operates 银行系统与运作方式
2.Types of banks there 那里的银行类型（有哪些）
3.Access to finance (refers to Foreign Company’s access to finance in UAE/Dubai)
4.Interest Rates 利率
5.Type of Exchange Rate System, currency and foreign exchange (trend data) 汇率制度
类型、货币以及外汇相关信息
6.Repatriation of profit regulations 遣返利润条例
7.Taxation rules 税收规定
Banks
Investment and Financial services
Insurance
Real estate and Construction
Transportation
Building Materials
Consumer Staples
Telecommunication
Utilities
E．FDI 外商直接投资
1.Inflow amounts 流入数额
2.Direction/where it comes from, 出处
3.Industries focused on 聚焦行业
ernment attitude to international investment/FDI 政府对国际投资的态度
ernment rules and regulations concerning FDI 有关外商直接投资的政府法规
6.Industry access 行业准入
7.Regulations for establishment of foreign company 外资公司成立的相关规定
ernment incentives or any special economic zones 有无经济特区，有何/ 政府刺
激外商投资的政策
F．Cultural 文化
1.Values, customs, attitudes, holidays, observances etc 价值观、习俗、假日以及惯例等
Education
Primary and secondary education is free to UAE nationals and primary education is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 14. Most teachers, at all levels, are from other Arab countries. In 2005 adult literacy rates were estimated to be 79 percent. This represents a dramatic increase since the introduction of universal public education under the UAE’s 1971 constitution. The United Arab Emirates University in Al ‘Ayn has grown rapidly since it opened in 1977. A network of technical colleges opened in the late 1980s.
Way of Life
The culture and society of the UAE are a blend of traditional and modern elements. The religion of Islam and the heritage of a traditional, tribal society form the basis of a stable and essentially conservative social structure. There is, however, a decidedly tolerant and cosmopolitan atmosphere—most notable in the emirate of Dubai—that gives resident non-Emiris opportunities to enjoy their own cultural and religious organizations. For most older women the home remains the sphere of activity; younger women, benefiting from their access to modern education, are playing an ever-wider role in the society. An estimated 13 percent of the UAE’s labor force is female, and women are increasingly represented in government posts.
Reflecting the mix of modern and traditional influences, clothing styles in the UAE are both Western and indigenous. Most Emiri men wear the dishdasha, a white, loose-fitting garment that is comfortable in hot weather. Most women wear the enveloping black abaya and a face mask called the burka, although this tradition is beginning to be abandoned by younger, educated women.
Most of the population enjoys modern air-conditioned housing, either in apartments or villa-style houses. The small rural population lives in a more traditional style, and some Bedouins still live in nomadic ways, in tents.
Even though traditional sports such as falconry and camel racing remain popular in the UAE, newer sports, particularly soccer, have an enthusiastic following. The country also has a strong horse racing tradition; the annual Dubai World Cup is one of the richest events in the sport.
Culture
Traditional social rituals remain important, especially the Eid al-Fitr and the Eid al-Adha, the festivals that mark the end of Ramadan (the month of fasting) and the conclusion of the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) on the Islamic calendar. On special occasions Emiris perform traditional dances to musical accompaniment.
The commitment to preserving traditional arts and culture is evident at both the popular and governmental levels. Each emirate devotes considerable resources to maintaining museums and libraries. The Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation sponsors major events on artistic, social, and other themes featuring Arab and other cultural traditions throughout the year. The foundatio n’s Center for Documentation and Research is a national archive where scholars from around the world can research the history of the UAE back to the earliest times. Ash Shariqah has a fine arts museum and is home to a lively theater and literary scene.
Social Issues
Although disparities in the standard of living do exist between the emirates, there is almost no poverty in the UAE because its leadership has devoted a large part of Abu Dhabi’s wealth to the welfare of the poorer emirates. Drug trafficking and other crimes are not uncommon but confined mainly to the expatriate community.
nguage 语言
Arabic is the official language of the UAE. English is also widely spoken, as are Hindi—the language of commerce—Urdu, and Persian
3.Religion and social stratification/structure of society宗教和社会阶层（结构）Islam is the country’s official religion, and all UAE natives and a majority of the expatriates are Muslim. More than 80 percent follow the Sunni branch of Islam, with the rest belonging to the Shia branch. The constitution guarantees religious freedom and other religions are represented, including Hinduism and Christianity.
Ethnic Groups
The native Emiris are Arabs, and generally a different tribe dominates each emirate. About half of the UAE’s non-native population are Asians (largely Indians, Pakistanis, Ceylonese, Bangladeshis, and Filipinos), and most of the rest are Iranians or Arabs (primarily Jordanians, Palestinians, and Egyptians). A much smaller percentage comes from Europe and the United States. Although the disproportionate ratio of expatriates to Emiris has caused concern over the possible impact on the country’s security and social and cultural values, the level of tensions between the various ethnic communities is slight.
4.How business is done in the UAE/Dubai? 在阿联酋/迪拜，生意是如何进行的？
5.Special traditions or customs foreign business people need to understand 非本地生意
人需要了解的特殊传统或者习俗
6.Hofstede’s dimensions on the UAE（此条不懂英文的威客们可以忽略）。