高中教案英语句子成分析
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英语句子成分
I教学内容
英语句子八种成分
英语简单句基本句型
II 教学目标
1.知识目标:学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型
2.能力目标:简单句基本句型的识别和运用
3.情感目标:通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习,为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下
坚实的基础,树立起学好英语的信心。
III 教学重难点及方法
1.教学重点:理解英语中构成各成分的词性
2.教学难点:学习和运用基本句型
3.教学方法:explaining, discovering & practicing
IV 教学步骤
Step1 significance
英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成,环环相扣,相辅相成,英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置,可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。学习单词和词组的时候,我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组,与此同时,句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位,因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。
学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的,并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分,学好了该部分的知识,对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助,只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型,我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子,才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。
Step2 the sentence elements
英语句子成分可分为8种:
主语(subject); 谓语动词(predicate); 表语(predicative);宾语(object);宾语补足语(object complement);定语(attribute);状语(adverbial);主语补足语(subject complement)
一.主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,简单来说就是谓语动词之前的部分,往往由名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。
1.Walls have ears. →名词
2.He will take you to the hospital. →代词
3.Three and four is seven. →数词
4.To see is to believe. →To do 不定时
5.Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing 动名词
6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子
T:相信同学们对主语还是不陌生的,关键要会判断到底是什么成分充当主语。要注意非谓语动词形式和句子作主语的情况。
二.谓语
T: 谓语由什么来充当呢?
S:动词
T: 不错,谓语的确是由动词来充当的,具体来说是什么样的动词呢?
S1:be动词和实义动词
S2:及物动词和不及物动词
S3:系动词和实义动词
T:非常好,你们的回答都是正确的,谓语除了由动词构成,还可以由动词短语以及助动词/情态动词+动词来组成。
1.Action speaks louder than words.
2.The chance may not come again.
3.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 199
4.
三.表语:位于系动词之后,构成系表结构,说明主语的特质,特征,状态等。注:系动词又叫连系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独作主语。
常见的系动词:
“状态”类:be
“变化”类:get/become/turn/grow/go
“感官”类:taste/smell/look/sound/fell
“持续”类:stay/keep/remain
其他:(似乎)seem/appear
(证明是)prove/turn out to be
表语常由形容词(adj.),名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,介词短语,to do 不定式,句子构成。
1.Everything here is expensive. →adj.
2.My father is a professor. →n.
3.Who’s that? It’s me. →pron.
4.Three times five is fifteen. →数词
5.The story of my life may be of help to others. →介词短语
6.His plan is to seek work in the city. →to do
7.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. →句子
四.宾语:表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。
位置:一般放在动词/动词短语之后介词之后
宾语往往由名词,代词,动名词,数词,to do不定式,句子,介词+名词充当
1.She covered her face with her hands. →名词
2.We haven’t seen her for a long time. →pron
3.Do you mind opening the window? →动名词
4.Give me four please. →数词
5.He wants to dream a nice dream. →to do
6.We need to know what others are doing. →句子
7.We should care more about our friends. →介词+名词
五.定语:修饰名词
位置:
定语常由名词,名词所有格,数词,形容词,序数词,to do形式,现在分词doing和句子来充当。
1.They are women workers. →n.
2.Tom’s father didn’t have a car. →名词所有格
3.Mary is a beautiful girl. →adj.
4.The play has three acts. →数词
5.This is her first trip to Europe. →adj./序/ to do
6.China is a developing country. →doing
7.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. →从句
六.状语:表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
1.I left the village five years ago. →时间状语
2.The best fish swim near the bottom. →地点状语
3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.→原因状语
4.We’ll send a car to fetch you.→目的状语
5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bone. 结果状语
6.If he goes, so will I.→条件状语
7.Though he is a child, he knows a lot.→让步状语
8.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.→伴随状语
七.宾语补足语:英语有些及物动词(vt),接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义,状态等。
“宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语
宾语常常由名词,形容词,介词短语,非谓语动词来充当
1.They elected me captain of the team. →n.
2.We try to make our country strong.→adj.
3.We found everything in good order there.→介词短语
4.I should advice you to get the chance.→to do
5.I saw him going upstairs. →现在分词doing
6.They found the house broken in. →done
八.主语补足语。如过上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语变成主语,原宾补→主补
1.I was elected captain of the team.
2.Our country will be made strong.
Step3. Practicing
将下列句子翻译成汉语并找出它们的主语,说出是什么词充当的主语。
1.Little streams feed big rivers. (小河流入大江)