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初中词性,词义辨析知识点考察总结

初中词性,词义辨析知识点考察总结
初中词性,词义辨析知识点考察总结

初中词性,词义辨析知识点考察情况总结

一、概述

每个单词都具有各自的词性和词义,从而决定了单词在句子中的位置和句法功能。在开始学习英语时,我们对单词的词性、词义的学习就一直贯穿始终。在初中学习阶段,单词的词性包括名词,动词,冠词,形容词,副词,连词,介词,代词,数词。掌握好对这些词性的理解以及他们的应用方式,对于我们的中考非常重要。以下来具体阐述词性、词义辨析知识点的内容。

二、词性、词义辨析在中考中的所占比重以及分布情况

1.什么是词性、词义辨析

词义,顾名思义,是指词语的含义。只有清楚了单词的含义,才能够读懂句子和文章,这也是学习语言的第一步。

词性,亦指为词的性质。一个单词的词性决定了它在句子中的位置和句法功能,以及能够充当的相对应的句子成分。例如,在介词+宾语的结构中,宾语通常是名词性质,可以是名词单词,名词词组,名词性从句或者动词+ing构成的动名词形式。再如,同一个含义的单词,具有名词,动词,形容词和副词的词性,在句子中的用法也不尽相同,这也成为中考中一个重要语法考点。

2.在中考试卷中的比重以及分布情况

中考试卷题型通常分为三大部分:听力(30分)、英语知识运用(45分)、写作(25分)。听力在这里不作论述。英语知识运用中包含:单选、完型。阅读理解部分包括:补全对话、阅读理解。写作部分包括:单词拼写和书面表达。词性、词义的辨析在试卷中的分布如下:

1)直接考点:主要体现在单选、完型和单词拼写,以直接选项或填空的方式来进行考察,学生需要选择或填写正确的单词形式。

单选题共15题15分,大约有10-12道题目考察的是对词性、词义辨析题,另外2-3道题会考察时态、语态和情景交际(时态、语态在这里不作论述)。

完形填空共2篇,一篇有10个填空选择题,共20道30分。98%的题目是对单词词义以及词组搭配的考察。这就需要学生能够熟练地掌握初中的单词词义以及相应的词组搭配。

单词拼写共5题5分,是以填空的形式进行考察,题干中给出相应的中文,学生需要在横线上填写所给提示词正确的单词形式。这主要是对词性和词义的双重考察。

书面表达共一提,即作文题25分。学生需要根据试卷中所给出的材料进行写作,词数80-100.书面表达考察的是对英语知识的综合运用能力,学生对词性、词义,时态语态,从句等掌握情况。学习好词性、词义,才能够把握好句子的结构,提高学生的造句能力。

2)间接考点:主要体现在阅读理解,学生需要从文章中找出考题中正确的选项。考察的是学生

对文章的理解能力,也是对综合能力的考察。懂得词性、词义是读懂句子和文章的基础,同时也是理解时态语态和从句的基础,也成为了提高正确率的保证。因此,词性、词义的学习显得非常重要。

三、词性、词义辨析知识点在初中教材中的分布情况

关于词义的学习是一直贯穿在整个初中阶段的,每一个年级都需要学习大量的生词。有关词性的学习,在初中阶段的分布如下:

1.七年级

七年级是学习基础知识的一学年,因而词性的基本概念的学习主要集中在这一学年。而知识点的深浅程度,也随着年级的增加而增大。

1)七年级上册

·名词:专有名词,单复数名词,名词所有格

·冠词:不定冠词,定冠词,零冠词

·代词:人称代词(主格宾格),物主代词(形容词性和名词性),指示代词(this/these,that/those)

·数词:基数词,序数词

·动词:be动词,实义动词

·介词:介词短语

2)七年级下册:

·动词:情态动词(can,must,have to及其否定),动词过去式、进行式

·介词:表示时间、地点以及固定搭配(介词+名词,动词+介词,形容词+介词,其他)

介词:at, on, in, before, behind, in front of, in the middle of, next to, near, beside, between, along, outside, inside, at the back of, about, from, with, of, to,as, like, for

介词+名词:at first, at home, at last, at present, at school, at work, at the moment, at the same time, on duty, on foot, on holiday, on sale, on time, on TV, on the left/right, on the phone, on the radio, on the way, in all, in bed, in class, in danger, in class, in time, in the end, in a minute.

动词+介词:Arrive in, ask for, get off, help sb with sth, learn from, listen to, look after, look at, look for, talk about, think of, shout at, worry about, thanks sb for

形容词+介词:Be afraid of, be good with,be careful with/about, be strict with/about, be interested in, be late for, be good at, be good for

2.八年级

八年级学习的词性较七年级有深度,内容也更丰富,是在七年级的基础上的递增学习。

八年级上册:

·不定代词:some-,any-,no-,every-,much/many,other/another,few/a few,little/a little,all,both,one,each

·频度副词:always, almost always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,never

·形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:不规则变化good/well,bad/badly,many/much,little,far

·动词:动词的类型(行为动词,连系动词,助动词,情态动词)

·冠词:定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词在不同句式,词组搭配中的用法

·连词:并列连词(and,but,for,or,so,both...and,not only...but also)

从属连词(when,while,as,after,before,until,if,because,although,though,as soon as, than)

3)八年级下册:

·反身代词:myself/ourselves,yourself/yourselves,himself/herself/itself/themselves

·情态动词:should,could

3.九年级

九年级全一册对于词性的介绍性学习相对较少,而更注重综合的运用能力培养。

·动词:被动语态(构成,含有情态动词的被动语态,用法)

·情态动词:must,can,can’t,

四、教学方式反思

初中英语知识内容是固定的,但是学生是个体鲜活的。教师需要采用多样化的教学方式,达到学生掌握知识点的教学目的。关于知识点的教学方式,笔者有以下几点思考:

1.教授新课:增强学生的第一印象

新课的学习,是学生第一次接触新知识点的时候。那么,增加学生对新知识点的第一印象,是教师应该首先思考的问题。教学方式可以乐趣化,娱乐化,或者特殊化,以增强学生第一印象为目标。具体地教学方式,可以根据各个单元中各知识点相结合,再作教学安排。

2.巩固练习:课堂及课后练习,知识点各个击破

课堂练习:以练习题为前提,组织课堂竞赛或分组活动,巩固提高练习效率和教学效果。

课后练习:给学生布置课后练习,教师负责批改辅导

3.综合能力运用:将所学知识点与其他知识点相糅合,例如造句,写作的训练。

4.循环记忆法:在整个学习阶段,定时对知识点进行复习和巩固。

易混词汇辨析

1.definite和definitive definite(certain or clear,not vague)“明确的,一定的”。 definitive(authoritative,that cannot be improved)“限定的,决定性的,最后的”;definitive host宿主;definitive organs定形器官;definitive sentence最后判决。 2.dependant和dependent dependant n.(one who depends on another for support)受赡养者。 dependent adj.“依靠的,依赖的”;He…s still dependent on state benefit. The rate of relief is dependent on one?s income. 3.discreet和discrete discreet“考虑周到的,慎重的”。 discrete“分离的,分裂的”;On closer examination,we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colours. 1.distinctive和distinct distinctive“有特色的”,“独特的”;the distinctive stripes of the zebra. distinct“清楚的,明显的”;a distinct smell of alcohol on his breath.

初中英语词性练习及答案

一 1.The ______(long ) of the Yangtze River is 6,300 kilometers. 2.The Himalayas run along the _________(southwest) border of China. 3.What an _______(amaze) achievement! 4.There are many ______(bamboo) forests in China. 5.He was the first man _______(come). 6.Two thirds of the area ______(cover) with trees. 7.Even _____(serious) difficulties are waiting for us. 8.The Yellow River is one of the longest ______(river). 9.Soldiers worked hard________(save) people in the water. 10.Mary closed the gate _______(prevent) the dog from _____(run) out of t he garden. 11.The bag _____(fill) with books is mine. 12._____(eventual) the people in the earthquake were saved. 13.Flooding is one of _____(big) problems in the world. 14.One of _______(exciting) sports is skating. 15.Of all the students, Li Ming is ______(tall). 16.She doesn’t run so ______ (fast) as I . 17.China has become _____ and ________(strong). 18.I’d like to go to ________(far) of the two places. 19.The job is far ________(difficult) than before.

初中英语词性转换常见词汇说课讲解

构词法 动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement agree— agreement apartment 公寓amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵commit奉献—commitment compliment 称赞,恭维develop---development disgree—disagreement department 局,部 experiment 实验,试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理 2.V+ tion 结尾admit 承认—admission attract吸引—attraction conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争,比赛discuss—discussion 讨论 educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写,描绘express 表达----expression 词语;表达graduate 毕业—graduation operate 操作,动手术—operation organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导,介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate 阐明,举例说明--illustration invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心impress 给人印象—impression 印象permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议,暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3.V+ ance 结尾 allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌,出现perform----performance 演出exist—existance 存在 4.V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾,结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语remind----reminding提醒 5.V+ 其他 Beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐sit--seat 座位employ--employer 雇主,老板--employee雇员 believe—belief 信仰 behave 行为,举止----behavior know---knowledge fly—flight 飞行 heat 加热---heat 热量 hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时的人或物,

人教部编版初中英语中考词性转换归纳总结

人教部编版初中英语中考词性转换归纳总结 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve --- achievement 成就 advertise --- advertisement 广告 agree --- agreement 同意 apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue --- argument 争吵 commit --- commitment 奉献 compliment 称赞,恭维 develop --- development 发展 disgree --- disagreement 不赞同 department 局,部 experiment 实验,试验 equip 装备--- equipment 装备,器材 govern 统治--- government 政府 manage---management 经营管理 2.V+ tion 结尾 admit --- admission 承认

attract --- attraction 吸引 conclude --- conclusion 结论compete --- competition 竞争,比赛discuss --- discussion 讨论 educate --- education 教育 decide --- decision 决定 describe --- description描写,描绘express ----expression 词语;表达graduate --- graduation 毕业 operate --- operation 操作,动手术organize ---organization imagine --- imagination 想象力introduce ---introduction 介绍 instruct --- instruction 指导,介绍invent--- inventor / invention 发明illustrate --- illustration 阐明,举例说明invite --- invitation 邀请 inspire---inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的pollute --- pollution 污染 predict ---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve --- resolution 决心

初中英语词性分类

人教版七至九年级英语单词归类: [常用词按类别分] 交通工具类(13): bus,car,boat,ship,taxi,plane,train,streamer,jeep,motorcar,bicycle,run car,airplane 国家类(29): China,America,Egypt,Brazil,South Korea,North Korea,Poland,New Zealand,Japan,France,England,Canada,Australia,Argentina,Holland,Vietnam,India,Italy,Greece,Mexico,Russia,Sweden,Norway,Spain,German,Switzerland,Thailand,Greece,South Africa 身体部位(23): Head,foot,leg,tooth,hand,ear,eye,nose,mouth,face,arm,back,neck,stomach,throat,heart,knee,finger,toe,body,hair,beard,elbow 服饰类(28): scarf,belt,sneakers,wallet,earring,hat,jeans,watch,straw hat,ring,skate shoes,backpack,tie,bag,pants,socks,dress,coat,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,shorts,sweater,shoes,uniform,jacket,earring,hair clip 场所类(38): club,restaurant,store,supermarket,museum,school,library,hotel,auditorium,pool,post office,bank,park, zoo, market, garden, hospital, TV Station, Police station,beach,cinema, church, factory, farm, shop, theater, aquarium, college, dining room, barber

高考语文:常见易混成语辨析

高考语文:常见易混成语辨析 —————A————— 按部就班/循序渐进 同:都有按一定的顺序、步骤进行之意。 异:前者侧重于按一定的条理,遵循一定的程序;后者指学习、工作按照一定的步骤逐渐深入或提高。 爱财如命/一毛不拔 同:都形容极其吝啬。 异:前者偏重于性格上的吝啬,语义重;后者偏重于行为上的自私吝啬,语义轻。 爱憎分明/泾渭分明 同:都有界限清楚之意。 异:前者指思想感情上的爱与恨;后者多指人或事的好坏显然不同。 安分守己/循规蹈矩 同:都有规矩老实之意。 异:前者侧重于规矩老实,守本分;后者侧重于墨守成规,不敢变易。 安之若素/随遇而安 同:都有对环境遭遇不在意之意。 异:前者多指面对不顺利的境况,仍能像平常一样;后者强调在任何环境中都安然自得,感到满足,也有安于现状,得过且过之意。

暗箭伤人/含沙射影 同:都比喻暗中诽谤、攻击或陷害别人。 异:使用的手段有差别,前者指暗地里用某种手段伤害别人,程度比后者重;后者的手段多是语言,并有影射某人或某事之意。 —————B————— 不求甚解/囫囵吞枣 同:都有掌握知识不透彻,或对情况不够了解之意。 异:前者表示只想懂个大概,不求彻底了解,重在态度上,是中性词;后者多指在学术上食而不化,不加分析、不加思考地笼统接受,重在方法上,是贬义词。 别具一格/别开生面 同:都有与众不同,给人一种新的印象、新的感觉之意。 异:前者重在“格”,表示风格、样子与众不同,一般用于文艺创作和某些事物;后者偏重在“生面”上,表示新的局面或形式,适用范围较广。 病入膏肓/不可救药 同:都表病情严重,无法医治。 异:前者重在“病”,比喻病情严重到了不可挽救的地步;后者偏重于“救药”,强调无法挽救。 捕风捉影/无中生有 同:都有凭空捏造之意。 异:前者重在没有事实根据;后者重在本来没有,语气较重。

初中英语名词性从句专项训练及答案

初中英语名词性从句专项训练及答案 一、初中英语名词性从句 1.He took a trip to Beijing last week and ________ he saw at the Forbidden City impressed him deeply. A. that B. how C. what D. which 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:上周他到北京旅行了,他在故宫所看到的给他留下了深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知,连词and后为一个名词性从句,因此应该使用what引导,且what在从句中作主语,故选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句,本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 2.It has been pointed out ________ plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories. A. what that B. which C. that D. that what 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:有人指出,驱除焦虑所起着至关重要的作用是童年美好的回忆。本句时一个主语从句,it作形式主语,真正的主语为that what plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories.,主语从句中又有一个主语从句,且此主语从句中缺少主语,所以用what引导。故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句,本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 3.___ surprised me most was ____the girl passed the driver test. A. That; that B. What; how C. What; that D. That; why 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:最让我吃惊的是那个女孩通过了驾驶考试。___ surprised me most是一个主语从句,从句中缺少主语,故填what;____the girl passed the driver test 是一个表语从句,句中不缺少成分,故填that。因此选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句,本题涉及what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。 4. is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. A. When; that; when B. What; whether; as C. What; that; as D. lt; whether; as 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】这题考查从句的用法,第一空填what引导主语从句,在主语从句中what做主语,第二空填that引导表语从句,在表语从句中,as是引导时间状语从句,句意是:甚至更重要的是:随着地球的冷却,水开始出现在表面。选C。

初中英语词性转换归纳汇总

初中英语词性转换归纳汇总动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve --- achievement 成就 advertise --- advertisement 广告 agree --- agreement 同意 apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue --- argument 争吵 commit --- commitment 奉献 compliment 称赞,恭维 develop --- development 发展 disgree --- disagreement 不赞同 department 局,部 experiment 实验,试验 equip 装备--- equipment 装备,器材

govern 统治--- government 政府manage---management 经营管理2.V+ tion 结尾 admit --- admission 承认 attract --- attraction 吸引conclude --- conclusion 结论compete --- competition 竞争,比赛discuss --- discussion 讨论educate --- education 教育 decide --- decision 决定 describe --- description描写,描绘express ----expression 词语;表达graduate --- graduation 毕业operate --- operation 操作,动手术organize ---organization imagine --- imagination 想象力

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