《数据结构》课程设计报告一、订票系统【需求分析】本订票系统要能够实现航班情况的录入功能、航班的查询功能、订票功能、退票功能以及管理本系统的功能即能够修改航班信息。
具体分析如下：1、录入功能可以录入航班信息，如录入航班号，到达城市，起飞时间，飞机票数，票价。
2、查询功能可以查询航班的各项信息，如可以查询起降时间，起飞抵达城市，航班票价，确定航班是否满仓，航班号。
3、订票功能可以订票并且记录下乘客的相关信息如记录下乘客，，所订航班的航班号以及所订的票数。
4、退票功能可以退票并且记录乘客的相关信息以及退票信息。
5、修改功能可以根据需要由管理员对航班信息进行修改更正。
【概要设计】1、算法设计：每个模块的算法设计说明如下：（1）录入模块：查找单链表的链尾，在链尾插入一个“航班信息”的新结点。
（2）查询模块：提供两种查方式：按航号和按航线查询，1代表按航号查询，2代表按航线查询。
0则表示退出查询。
顺着单链表查找，如果与航班号（航线）一致，输出相关信息，否则，查询不成功。
（3）订票模块：查找乘客要订的航班号，判断此航班是否有空位，有则输入乘客有关信息，订票成功，否则失败。
（4）退票模块：输入要退票的乘客以及证件，查找乘客资料的链表中是否有这位乘客，有则删去此结点，并在空位加上1，无则退票失败。
（5）修改模块：输入密码，确认是否有权限对航班信息进行修改，有则在航班信息链表中查找要修改的结点，进行修改，否则不能修改。
2.存储结构设计：（1）航班的信息：为了便于查找和修改，航班的情况存储结构采用单链表，每个元素表示一个航班的情况，包括航班号、起飞达到的时间、空座和目的的、票价以及限座七个数据项：typedef struct flightnode{char air_num[10]; /*航班号*/char start_time[15]; /*起飞时间*/char end_time[15]; /*到达时间*/char end_place[30]; /*目的地*/int total; /*限座*/int left; /*空座*/int price; /*票价*/struct flightnode *next; /*指向个结点*/}flightnode;（2）旅客的资料：为了便于插入、删除和修改，其采用单链表存储结构，每个数据元素typedef struct passengernode{ /*定义乘客资料结点*/char name[20];char ID_num[20];char air_num[20];int seat_num;struct passengernode *next;}passengernode;【详细设计】本系统源程序如下：#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>#define OK 1#define ERROR 0typedef struct flightnode{ /*定义航班信息结点*/char air_num[10];char start_time[15];char end_time[15];char end_place[30];int total;int left;int price;struct flightnode *next;}flightnode;typedef struct passengernode{ /*定义乘客资料结点*/char name[20];char ID_num[20];char air_num[20];int seat_num;struct passengernode *next;}passengernode;flightnode *head_flight(); /*生成航班信息的头结点*/passengernode *head_passenger(); /*生成乘客资料的头结点*/int CreatFlight(flightnode **l); /*生成航班信息链表*/int CreatPassenger(passengernode **l); /*生成乘客资料链表*/int InsertFlight(flightnode **p,char *air_num,char *start_time,char *end_place,int total,int left,int price); /*插入航班信息的结点*/int InsertPassenger(passengernode **p,char *name,char *ID_num,char *air_num,int seat_num); /*插入乘客资料的结点*/flightnode *modefy_airline(flightnode *l,char *air_num); /*修改航班信息的函数*/int BookTicket(flightnode*a,char *air_num,passengernode *c,char *name,char *ID_num); /*订票函数*/int CancelTicket(passengernode *c,flightnode*l,char *name,char *ID_num); /*退票函数*/ int SearchFlight(flightnode*head); /*查询航班信息函数*/int SearchPassenger(passengernode *head); /*查询乘客信息函数*/void main() /*主函数*/{int p=2; /*p==1时进入主菜单，p==0时退出系统*/passengernode *cus=head_passenger();flightnode *air=head_flight();char name[20],air_num[20],ID_num[30],mima[20],ch;char t[20]="zhengjianze"; /*管理员密码*/clrscr();CreatFlight(&air);CreatPassenger(&cus);while(p==2){printf("\n welcome to the airline system!\n\n please choose the serves below and press the number:\n\n");printf("================================================================\n\n");printf(" 1 -> Book Ticket \n");printf(" 2 -> Cancel Ticket \n");printf(" 3 -> Search Information \n");printf(" 4 -> Exit \n\n");printf("================================================================\n");switch(ch=getch()){case '1':{printf("\n *-------------Booking Ticket-------------*\n"); /*进入订票功能*/ printf("Please input a airline number and press enter for OK:");scanf("%s",air_num);printf("Please input your name and press enter for OK:");scanf("%s",name);printf("Please input your ID number and press enter for OK:");scanf("%s",ID_num);BookTicket(air,air_num,cus,name,ID_num);getch();};break;case '2':{printf(" *-----------------------Canceling Ticket--------------------*\n"); /*进入退票功能*/printf("Please input the cancel name for booking ticket:");scanf("%s",name);printf("Please input the ID for booking ticket:");scanf("%s",ID_num); CancelTicket(cus,air,name,ID_num);};break;case '3':{printf("*---------------Search Information---------------------*\n"); /*进入信息查询功能*/printf(" 1 -> flight information \n" );printf(" 2 -> passenger information\n ");printf(" other -> exit \n");printf("*------------------------------------------------------*\n");if((ch=getch())=='1') /*航班信息查询*/{printf("*------------------ flight information -----------------*\n");SearchFlight(air);}else if(ch=='2'){ /*乘客资料查询*/printf("\n please input the key:");scanf("%s",mima); /*输入管理员密码*/if(strcmp(mima,t)==0){printf("\n*---------------passenger information ---------------*\n\n"); SearchPassenger(cus);}else printf("sorry,the key is wrong");getch();}}break;case '4':{getch(); /*退出系统*/p=0;}break;}}}flightnode *head_flight(){flightnode *a;a=(flightnode *)malloc(sizeof(flightnode));if(a==NULL)a->next=NULL;return a;}passengernode *head_passenger(){passengernode *c;c=(passengernode*)malloc(sizeof(passengernode));if(c==NULL)c->next=NULL;return c;}int CreatFlight(flightnode **l){flightnode *p=*l;int i=0;char *air_num[3]={"flight01","flight02","flight03"};char *start_time[3]={" 08:00"," 12:00"," 16:30"};char *end_place[3]={"Guangzhou","Shenzhen","Shantou"}; /*初始化航班信息*/int total[3]={100,100,100};int price[3]={300,200,250};int left[3]={23,54,76};for(i=0;i<3;i++)InsertFlight(&p,air_num[i],start_time[i],end_place[i],total[i],left[i],price[i]); /*插入航班信息*/return OK;}int CreatPassenger(passengernode **l){passengernode *p=*l;int i=0;char *name[3]={"liming","Ximing","Chongliang"};char *ID_num[3]={"3105006052","3105006054","3105006051"}; /*初始化乘客资料*/ char *air_num[3]={"flight01","flight02","flight03"};int seat_num[3]={12,5,8};for(i=0;i<3;i++)InsertPassenger(&p,name[i],ID_num[i],air_num[i],seat_num[i]); /*插入乘客资料*/ return OK;}int InsertFlight(flightnode **p,char *air_num,char *start_time,char *end_place,int total,int left,int price){flightnode *q;q=(flightnode*)malloc(sizeof(flightnode));strcpy(q->air_num,air_num);strcpy(q->start_time,start_time);strcpy(q->end_place,end_place);q->total=total;q->left=left;q->price=price;q->next=NULL;(*p)->next=q;(*p)=(*p)->next; /*航班信息链的尾插法*/return OK;}int InsertPassenger(passengernode **p,char *name,char *ID_num,char *air_num,int seat_num){passengernode *q;q=(passengernode*)malloc(sizeof(passengernode));strcpy(q->name,name);strcpy(q->ID_num,ID_num);strcpy(q->air_num,air_num);q->seat_num=seat_num;q->next=NULL;(*p)->next=q;(*p)=(*p)->next; /*乘客资料链表的尾插法*/return OK;}flightnode *modefy_airline(flightnode *l,char *air_num)flightnode *p;p=l->next;for(;p!=NULL;p=p->next){if(strcmp(air_num,p->air_num)==0){p->left++;return l;}printf("NO the airline!");return 0;}}int BookTicket(flightnode *a,char *air_num,passengernode *c,char *name,char *ID_num){flightnode *p=a;passengernode *q=c->next;p=a->next;for(;q->next!=NULL;q=q->next);for(;p!=NULL;p=p->next){if(strcmp(p->air_num,air_num)==0){if(p->left>0){printf(" \nSuccessful for Booking ticket.\n\n Y our flight: %s\n Your seat number : %d ",p->air_num,(p->total-p->left+1));printf("\n *-----------------------------------------*");InsertPassenger(&q,name,ID_num,air_num,p->total-p->left+1);p->left--; return OK;}else{printf("seat is full");return 0;}}/*if(strcmp)*/ }printf("Sorry,there isn't the plane,please check the airline number!");printf("\n *-----------------------------------------*");}int CancelTicket(passengernode *c,flightnode *l,char *name,char *ID_num){passengernode *p,*pr;char air_num[20];pr=c;p=pr->next;while(p!=NULL)if(strcmp(p->name,name)==0&&strcmp(p->ID_num,ID_num)==0){strcpy(air_num,p->air_num);l=modefy_airline(l,air_num);pr->next=p->next;p=pr->next;printf("successful for canceling ticket.");printf("\n *-----------------------------------------------------------------*");return OK;}pr=pr->next;p=pr->next;}printf("Sorry,there isn't the customer!");printf("\n *--------------------------------------------------------*");return ERROR;}int SearchFlight(flightnode *head){flightnode *p=head->next;printf(" Flight Start_time Arrival_place Price T otal Left_seat\n\n");for(;p!=NULL;p=p->next){printf(" %s %-10s %-9s %-7d%-6d %-6d\n",p->air_num,p->start_time,p->end_plac e,p->price,p->total,p->left);printf("\n");}printf(" *----------------------------------------------------------*\n\n");return OK;}int SearchPassenger(passengernode *head){struct passengernode *q=head->next;printf(" Name ID Flight Seat_number\n\n");for(;q!=NULL;q=q->next){printf("%-12s %-8s %-5s %d\n",q->name,q->ID_num,q->air_num,q->seat_num);print f("\n");}printf("\n *----------------------------------------------------------*");return OK;}【调试分析】1、调试结果：（1）系统主菜单界面：（2）进入订票的界面：（3）查询信息的界面：选择1，查询航班信息的界面：选择2，输入密码，查询乘客的信息的界面：新增乘客，查询乘客信息：密码错误时：（4）进入退票的界面：名字或者证件错误时：2、时间复杂度分析：本程序运行所耗费的时间主要在于循环语句，for和while语句，其时间复杂度应该为O（n）。
