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英语谚语加翻译简短导读：1、南风若过三，不下就阴天。
If the south wind passes three times, it will be cloudy.2、不怕天寒地冻，就怕手脚不动。
If you are not afraid of the cold, you are afraid of not moving your hands and feet.3、闲人叫冷，忙人叫热。
The idle call cold, the busy call hot.4、有了狐皮帽，忘了羊羔皮。
With a fox cap, forget lamb skin.5、有菜半年粮，无菜半年荒。
Half a year's grain with vegetables and half a year's shortage without vegetables.6、真朋友遇难就帮，假朋友遇难就嚷。
True friends help when they are killed, and false friends shout when they are killed.7、有山必有路，有水必有渡。
Where there is a mountain, there is a road, and where there is water, there is a ferry.8、痘要结，麻要泄。
Pox knots and numbness drains.9、人不可貌相，海水不能用斗量。
Man can't look, and the sea can't be measured in buckets.10、打虎要力，捉猴要智。
Fighting tigers requires strength and catching monkeys requires wisdom.11、良言一句三冬暖，恶语伤人六月寒。
调味品无机砷不合格1. 引言调味品是我们日常生活中不可或缺的食品，它们为我们的饭菜增添了丰富的口感和风味。
然而，近年来，调味品中无机砷不合格的问题引起了广泛关注。
本文将就调味品中无机砷不合格的原因、影响以及解决方法进行全面分析和讨论。
2. 无机砷的来源无机砷是调味品中的一种重要有害物质，它主要来自以下几个方面：2.1 土壤和水源土壤中的无机砷主要来自于地壳中的矿石和岩石，长期使用含有无机砷的农药和肥料也会导致土壤中无机砷的积累。
水源中的无机砷则可能来自于地下水中的矿物质。
2.2 工业污染某些工业过程中会产生大量的无机砷废弃物，这些废弃物如果不正确处理，可能会进入环境中，进而污染农田和水源。
2.3 加工过程中的污染调味品的加工过程中，可能会使用含有无机砷的原料，或者在加工过程中受到其他污染物的污染，从而导致调味品中无机砷含量超标。
3. 调味品中无机砷的影响无机砷是一种有害物质，长期摄入过量的无机砷会对人体健康产生不良影响，主要包括以下几个方面：3.1 致癌作用无机砷是一种强致癌物质，长期摄入过量的无机砷会增加患癌症的风险，尤其是对于消化系统癌症的发生有着明显的促进作用。
3.2 神经系统影响无机砷可以对人体的神经系统产生不良影响，导致神经系统功能障碍，表现为头痛、失眠、注意力不集中等症状。
3.3 其他健康问题除了致癌作用和神经系统影响外，无机砷还可能导致其他健康问题，如心血管疾病、免疫系统紊乱等。
4. 解决方法针对调味品中无机砷不合格的问题，我们可以采取以下几个方面的解决方法：4.1 严格监管和检测政府应加强对调味品生产企业的监管，加大对调味品中无机砷含量的检测力度，对不合格产品进行处罚和召回，以保障消费者的权益。
4.2 规范生产流程调味品生产企业应加强对原料的筛选和检测，确保原料中无机砷含量符合标准要求。
同时，加强生产流程中的卫生管理，避免污染物的污染。
4.3 提高消费者食品安全意识消费者应提高食品安全意识，选择正规渠道购买调味品，关注产品的质量和安全标志，减少无机砷摄入的风险。
食品与发酵工业FOOD AND FERMENTATION INDUSTRIES^D0I：10. 13995/j. cnki. 11 — 1802/ts. 029291
引用格式：王娅殊
，胡瀚，付红军，等•大米降镉技术及其对大米品质影响的研究进展［J］ •食品与发酵工业,2022,48 % 5 )：302 -
308. WANG Yashu, HU Han,FU Hongjun, et al.
Research
progress on cadmium reduction technology in rice and its effect on
rice quality# J ］ . Food and Fermentiion Indu/Oes ,2022 ,48 % 5 ) ：302
— 308.
大米降镉技术及其对大米品质影响的研究进展
王娅殊1，胡瀚1，付红军1*，彭湘莲1!
，薛敏敏
3
1 %中南林业科技大学食品科学与工程学院，湖南长沙,410004)2 %稻谷及副产物深加工国家工程实验室，湖南长沙,410004) 3 %湖南省产商品质量检验研究院，湖南长沙
,410007)
摘要由“镉大米”事件引发的大米质量安全问题受到髙度关注,镉污染大米及相关降镉技术的研究逐步成
为热点。该文概括了镉在水稻中的分布及存在形态
，总结了大米降镉溶剂浸提法、微生物发酵法、表面活性剂吸
附法及复合法的研究进展，
并比较了大米降镉前后的品质变化，为镉大米的综合利用提供新思路$
关键词大米；镉污染；镉脱除；品质
随着现代工农业的快速发展，工业废弃物的大量
排放、农药化肥的过度施用等会导致土壤
、水源和大
气的重金属污染#1］。镉作为粮食作物中常见的重金
属污染元素，生物半衰期长达10-30年，其毒性表现
为多种综合症，包括贫血、高血压、心力衰竭、肝肺损
伤、肾功能衰竭等#2］,被列为第一类致癌物质
。镉无
法被微生物降解而蓄积在土壤中，与其他谷类作物相 比，水稻更容易从土壤中积累镉［3］。调查表明,我国
*大米中黄曲霉毒素B1的风险评估孙有娥，吴培慧，郝媛媛，邢海燕，李一辰( 池州市产品质量监督检验所，安徽池州247000)摘要: 大米在贮存的过程中极易发霉，尤其是被黄曲霉污染而导致黄曲霉毒素超过国家标准。
人食用含黄曲霉毒素超标的食品，会导致肝脏损伤甚至发生癌变。
为了解我市大米中黄曲霉毒素B1 的安全现状，建立我市大米中黄曲霉毒素B1 的应急对策，并从危害识别、危害描述、暴露评估和风险特征等方面进行风险评估。
关键词: 黄曲霉毒素危害; 检测方法; 风险评估中图分类号: TS201. 6文献标志码: A文章编号: 1001 －9677( 2014) 09 －0005 －03*Ｒisk Assessment of Aflatoxin B1in ＲiceSUN You －e，WU Pei －h ui，HAO Yuan －y uan，XING Hai －y an，LI Yi －c hen( Institute of Product Quality Supervision ＆ Inspection，Anhui Chizhou 247000，China) Abstract: Ｒice in storage process was easily moldy，especially caused by aflatoxin contamination as aflatoxin exceeded the national standar d. People eating f ood containing aflatoxin exceeds bid can cause liver damage and evencancer. To understand the city present situation of aflatoxin B1in rice and establish the city emer gency countermeasures ofaflatoxin B1in rice，the r isk assessment was carried out from hazard identification，hazard，exposure assessment and risk character istics.Key words: aflatoxin harm; detection method; the risk assessment目前，粮油食品的生物性污染问题随着食品质量安全问题而日益受到人们的普遍关注。
端午节的习俗英文The Customs of Dragon Boat FestivalDragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanwu Festival, is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The holiday is associated with several customs, many of which are based on legends and stories from ancient China. Here are some of the most popular customs and traditions of Dragon Boat Festival:Eating Zongzi: Zongzi is a traditional Chinese food made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves. It is often filled with meat, vegetables, or sweetened bean paste, and is a staple food during Dragon Boat Festival. Eating zongzi is a way to commemorate Qu Yuan, an ancient Chinese poet and minister who drowned himself in the Miluo River.Dragon Boat Racing: Dragon boat racing is a popular traditional sport during Dragon Boat Festival. Teams of rowers race along rivers or lakes in boats decorated with dragon heads and tails. The sport is said to have started as a way to search for Qu Yuan's body in the water.Wearing Fragrant Sachets: People often wear small sachets filled with fragrant herbs or spices during Dragon Boat Festival. The sachets are believed to ward off evil spirits and promote good luck and health.Hanging Mugwort and Calamus: People often hang branches of mugwort and calamus on their doors during Dragon Boat Festival.The herbs are believed to repel insects and evil spirits.Drinking Realgar Wine: Realgar wine is a traditional alcoholic drink made by soaking realgar, a type of arsenic sulfide, in rice wine. It is believed to have medicinal properties and is drunk during Dragon Boat Festival to ward off evil spirits and prevent disease.These are just a few of the customs and traditions associated with Dragon Boat Festival. The holiday is a time for families and friends to gather, celebrate, and pay tribute to China's rich cultural heritage.。
液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定大米中4种砷形态的含量谭洪涛;周鸿;李娟【摘要】采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定大米中亚砷酸盐[As（Ⅲ）]、砷酸盐[As（Ⅴ）]、一甲基胂酸（MMA）和二甲基胂酸（DMA）等4种砷形态的含量。
大米样品（1．00 g）中加入0．10 mol· L－1硝酸溶液10 mL，置于95℃水浴中热浸提取120 min，使4种形态砷的化合物溶出。
提取液冷却后在 Hamilton PRP X-100阴离子交换柱上进行色谱分离。
用调节至 pH 6．0的20 mmol·L－1 NH4 H2 PO4溶液作流动相（流量为1．2 mL·min－1）淋洗可使上述4种形态的砷化合物很好分离。
用原子荧光光谱法分别测定各形态砷的含量。
砷的质量浓度在5．00～500μg·L－1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。
上述4种形态砷的检出限（3S／N）依次为0．099，0．18，0．15，0．040μg·L－1。
加标回收率在94．7％～104％之间，测定值的相对标准偏差（n＝6）在3．0％～7．4％之间。
%LC-AFS was applied to the determination of 4 kinds of arsenic species including arsenite [As (Ⅲ)],arsenate [As (Ⅴ)],monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)and dimethylarsonic acid (DMA)in rice.Four chemical species of arsenic in rice were extracted from 1.00 g of rice sample by soaking the sample in 10 mL of 0.10 mol·L-1 HNO3 solution in a water-bath at 95 ℃ for 120 min.After cooling,the extract was introduced into the LC-AFS instrument and chromatographic separation was carried on a Hamilton PRP X-100 anion exchange column,by using 20 mmol·L-1 NH4 H2 PO4 solution (pre-adjusted to pH 6.0)as mobile phase (at a flow-rate of 1.2mL · min-1 ),the 4 species of arsenic was separated nicely and determined separately by AFS.Linear relationship between values of peak area andmass concentration of arsenic was obtained in the range of 5.00 -500 μg·L-1 .Detection limits (3S/N)found for the 4 arsenic species were0.099,0.18,0.15,0.040 μg·L-1 respectively.Test for recovery was done by standard addition method,giving results in the range of 94.7% -104%,and values of RSDs (n=6)found were ranged from 3.0% to 7.4%.【期刊名称】《理化检验-化学分册》【年(卷),期】2016(052)009【总页数】4页(P1104-1107)【关键词】液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法;砷形态;大米【作者】谭洪涛;周鸿;李娟【作者单位】江西省疾病预防控制中心，南昌330029;江西省疾病预防控制中心，南昌 330029;江西省疾病预防控制中心，南昌 330029【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O657.31砷的形态根据其化学性质可分为无机态砷和有机态砷，常见的有机态砷有一甲基胂酸（MMA）、二甲基胂酸（DMA）、三甲基胂酸（TMA）、砷甜菜碱（AsB）和砷胆碱（AsC）等，普通的无机砷有三氧化二砷、亚砷酸盐、五氧化二砷和砷酸盐等［1］。
雄黄的安全性评价和配伍减毒研究何溶溶;吕翔;周婧;马宏跃;严燕青;王恒斌;狄留庆;段金廒【摘要】雄黄是经典中成药的常见组成药物,因含有硫化砷类成分,其安全性备受关注.介绍了近年国内外对砷存在形式、毒性分子机制基础上,结合含雄黄制剂的临床不良反应报道,探讨了雄黄慢性暴露对实验动物的安全性和减毒研究.并以经典名方六神丸为例,表明方剂配伍对雄黄的减毒效果.提示雄黄制剂在临床合理剂量、用药时间和组方配伍情况下,存在一定安全性.【期刊名称】《南京中医药大学学报》【年(卷),期】2018(034)006【总页数】4页(P645-648)【关键词】雄黄;砷;六神丸;配伍减毒【作者】何溶溶;吕翔;周婧;马宏跃;严燕青;王恒斌;狄留庆;段金廒【作者单位】江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,南京中医药大学药学院,江苏南京210023;江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,南京中医药大学药学院,江苏南京210023;江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,南京中医药大学药学院,江苏南京210023;江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,南京中医药大学药学院,江苏南京210023;雷允上药业集团有限公司,江苏苏州 215009;雷允上药业集团有限公司,江苏苏州 215009;江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,南京中医药大学药学院,江苏南京210023;江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,南京中医药大学药学院,江苏南京210023【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R282.76雄黄是常用中药，占药典收载成方制剂的6.4%，包括临床常用药物牛黄解毒丸、牛黄消炎丸、安宫牛黄丸、六神丸等。
其使用广泛，历史悠久。
雄黄是四硫化四砷(As4S4或As2S2)的俗称，又称作石黄，其性辛温、味苦，有毒，通常为橘黄色粒状固体或橙黄色粉末，质软，性脆。
Eenvironmental Statement for Supplier供应商环保声明This Statement is valid for all production sites of supplier mentioned below本协议适用于以下提到的供应商生产地址Supplier ：[Supplier’s name]供应商名称：Site ：[Supplier’s site]地址：Product name：产品名称：We, [Supplier’s name] , warrant that all articles (i.e. materials, components, subassemblies or products and packing) , also second tier1 and/or added value, supplied toShinephone Electronnic Technolongy Co.,(Shenzhen) Ltd are in compliance with all environmental laws and regulations applicable to————————Ltd activities and products, including but not limited to:◆Shinephone Electronnic Technolongy Co.,(Shenzhen) Ltd List of Restricted Substances;◆The European Directive 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangeroussubstances;◆The European Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste;◆Administrative Measures on the Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic InformationProducts”(herein referred to as “China RoHS”).◆second tier: all suppliers to your company that are not specified by——————Ltd .本公司__________________[供应商名称]，保证所有提供给————————公司的产品(如原料,组件,半成品,成品以及包装材料),包括二级供应商和/或其他增值的服务,均符合适用于——————公司产品和活动的环保法律和法规,包括但不限于以下要求：◆《限用物质清单》；◆欧盟关于电池和蓄电池中含有的特定有害物质的指令（2006/66/EC）；◆欧盟关于包装材料和包装材料废弃物指令（94/62/EC）；◆电子信息产品污染控制管理办法（也称之为“中国R oHS”）。
Arsenic in Rice and Rice ProductsArsenic Main Page 12Arsenic is present in the environm ent as a naturally occurring substance oras a result of contam ination from hum an activity. It is found in water, air,soil and foods. In foods, arsenic m ay be present as inorganic arsenic (the m ost toxic form of arsenic) or organic arsenic. FDA has been m onitoring the levels of arsenic in foods for decades, and in 2011, increased its testing.On Septem ber 6, 2013, FDA released the analytical results of approxim ately 1,100 new sam ples of rice and rice products as part of a m ajor effort to understand and m anage possible arsenic-related risks associated with the consum ption of these foods in the U.S. m arketplace. These 1,100 new sam ples are in addition to the approxim ately 200 sam ples of rice and riceproducts that the FDA initially tested and released the findings in Septem ber 2012.FDA Statem ent on Testing and Analysis of Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products 3The levels FDA found in its testing are too low to cause im m ediate or short-term adverse health effects. FDA’s work going forward will center on long-term risk and ways to m anage it with a focus on long-term exposure.Consum er Update: FDA Explores Im pact of Arsenic in Rice 4This news feature is intended for consum ers interested in knowing about arsenic in rice and rice products.Updated Questions & Answers: Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products 5Blog: On Farm s and in Labs, FDA and Partners Are Working to Get Answers on Arsenic in Rice 6FDA Com m issioner Margaret A. Ham burg, M.D., recounts her experience touring farm s and research facilities to better understand safety issues and the challenges of rice farm ing. Sampling ResultsAnalytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products Sampling (PDF: 767KB)7 Septem ber 2013NOTE: The more than 1,300 samples reported in FDA’s test results 8 include 200 samples from preliminary sampling done in September 2012 and the approximately 1,100 results analyzed morerecently. For the results from the sampling done in September 2012, see Summary of Analytical Results from Rice/Rice Product Sampling (200 samples)9 and Full Analytical Results from Rice/Rice Product Sampling (200 samples)10.Summary of Sampling ResultsInorganic Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products Summary (Includes results from September 2012)Product CategoryProduct SubcategoryAverage Inorganic Arsenic mcg/serving 1Number ofSamples Bakery Mixes and PuddingBrownies1.35Bakery Mixes and PuddingCakes/Muffins3.024Bakery Mixes and PuddingPie and Pizza Crust 2.53Bakery Mixes and PuddingPudding0.84Beverages 2Beer 2.165Beverages 2Non-Dairy Rice Drinks 3.361Beverages 2Protein Beverages 1.532Beverages 2Rice Beverages 0.942Beverages 2Rice Wine0.522FoodHome Food Foodborne Illness & Contaminants MetalsCereals Hot/Ready-to-eat Cereal 3 3.2110CerealsInfant Cereal 41.869CerealsToddler Cereal 41.516Grain-based Bars Cereal/Granola Bars1.786Grain-based Bars Meal Replacement/Energy Bars2.029Other Cookies1.643Other Dietary Supplements - Rice Protein Powders 1.912Other Infant Formula 0.110Other Pasta6.623Snacks Rice Cakes4.359Snacks Savory Rice Snacks 2.2119Snacks Sweet Rice Snacks 0.922Rice Basmati 3.553Rice Brown 7.299Rice Instant 2.614Rice Jasmine3.913Rice Other (incl wild rice 5,carnaroli, mixed types) 5.66Rice Parboiled5.139Rice White, long grain4.6149Rice White, medium grain 3.691RiceWhite, short grain3.5231Serving size based on Reference Am ount Custom arily Consum ed (RACC) per 21CFR 101.12 for eachproduct category. The average inorganic arsenic (m icrogram s/serving) reported for each productcategory was calculated using all inorganic arsenic values. For those sam ples not speciated because the total arsenic was below the threshold for speciation, half of the total arsenic value was used for the inorganic arsenic value to calculate the average. For sam ples with the total arsenic less than the detection lim it, half of the detection lim it was used for the inorganic arsenic value to calculate the average. Please see the Full Analytical Results tables for rice and rice products for further inform ation.2An assum ption was m ade that 1 m l = 1 g for the purposes of calculating inorganic arsenic per serving.3The highest sam ple in this category was a rice bran cereal containing inorganic arsenic equivalent to 30m cg/serving; the next highest sam ples in thiscategory contained inorganic arsenic equivalent to 11 m cg/serving.4The 16 Toddler Cereal sam ples are a subset of the Infant Cereal category due to potential use in both infants and toddlers. 5"Wild rice" is not actual rice. Wild rice com es from an aquatic annual grass (Zizania aquatic) bearingedible grain.Additional ResourcesFDA Statem ent on Arsenic in Brown Rice Syrup 11 February 17, 2012Page Last Updated: 09/06/2013Note: If you need help accessing inform ation in different file form ats, see Instructions for Downloading Viewers and Players .Accessibility Contact FDA Careers FDA Basics FOIA No Fear Act Site Map Transparency Website PoliciesU.S. Food and Drug Adm inistration 10903 New Ham pshire Avenue Silver Spring, MD 20993Ph. 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332)Em ail FDAFor Governm ent For PressCom bination Products Advisory Com m ittees Science & Research Regulatory Inform ation Safety Em ergency Preparedness International Program s News & Events Training and Continuing Education Inspections/Com pliance State & Local Officials Consum ers Industry Health Professionals FDAArchiveLinks on this page:1. /Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/ucm280202.htm2. /Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/ucm280202.htm3. /Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/ucm367263.htm4. /ForConsum ers/Consum erUpdates/ucm352569.htm5. /Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/ucm319948.htm6. /fdavoice/index.php/2013/09/on-farm s-and-in-labs-fda-and-partners-are-working-to-get-answers-on-arsenic-in-rice/7. /downloads/Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/UCM352467.pdf8. /downloads/Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/UCM352467.pdf9. /Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/ucm319924.htm10. /Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/ucm319916.htm11. /Food/FoodborneIllnessContam inants/Metals/ucm292531.htm。
