3-183-4 PIPE DISTRIBUTORS FOR HORIZONTAL VESSELS

USOLENOID VALVESno voltage release (tamperproof)manual reset construction1/4213FEATURES• The valves are certified according to IEC 61508 Functional Safety data and have SIL-3 capability (Exida approval)• Compact Tamperproof/Manual Reset function which means that the valve has to be energized as well as manually operated before it stays in the "latched" position. Because of the tamperproof feature there will be no flow from port 3 to port 2 if only the push button is pressed. The No Voltage Release (NVR) function will make sure that the valve trips when de-energized• The solenoid valves are recommended for pilot applications with basic flow, wide pressure ranges and no minimum operating pressure• PTFE rider rings and graphite-filled PTFE seals reduce friction and eliminate sticking• Coils used in metal enclosures have class H insulation materials• Peak voltage suppression diodes are standard in DC solenoids with metal enclosures• The solenoid valves satisfy all relevant EC DirectivesGENERALDifferential pressure 0 - 10 bar [1 bar = 100kPa]Maximum viscosity 65 cSt (mm 2/s)Response times75 - 100 msfluids (✶)temperature range (TS)seal materials (✶)air, inert gas, water, oil-20 to +120°C -40 to + 40°CFPM (fluoroelastomer)VMQ ((sillicone)MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH FLUID(✶) Ensure that the compatibility of the fluids in contact with the materials is verifiedBrass bodyStainless steel body Body Brass AISI 316Stem Stainless steel Stainless steel Core tube Stainless steel Stainless steel Core and plugnut Stainless steel Stainless steel Springs Stainless steel Stainless steel Sealings and poppets FPM or VMQFPM or VMQ Rider Ring PTFEPTFEPOWER LEVELS - cold electrical holding values (watt)SPECIFICATIONSpipe size orificesizeflowcoefficientKv operating pressuredifferential (bar)powerlevel prefix optional solenoidsbasic catalogue numbermin.max. (PS)NEMA 7&9ATEX / IECExIP65air/water (✶)Ex d Ex e mb Ex mb(mm)(m 3/h)(l/m)~/=~/=EF NF EM PV SC brass stainless st.U - Universal, FPM sealings and poppets, manual reset1/45,70,559,2010BP ●●●❍● 327B021 327B0221/45,70,559,2010MP -●●-● 327B221 327B2221/45,70,559,2010RP -●●-● 327B121 327B122U - Universal, VMQ sealings and poppets, manual reset1/45,70,559,2010BP ●●●❍● 327B071 327B0721/45,70,559,2010MP -●●-● 327B271 327B2721/45,70,559,2010RP -●●-● 327B171 327B172U - Universal, FPM sealings and poppets, manual reset tamperproof1/45,70,559,2010BP ●●●❍● 327B031 327B0321/45,70,559,2010MP -●●-● 327B231 327B2321/45,70,559,2010RP -●●-● 327B131 327B132U - Universal, VMQ sealings and poppets, manual reset tamperproof1/45,70,559,2010BP ●●●❍● 327B081 327B0821/45,70,559,2010MP -●●-● 327B281 327B2821/45,70,559,210RP-●●-●327B181327B182Select 8 for NPT ANSI 1.20.3 or Select G for ISO G(228/1)● Available feature ❍ Available feature in DC only- Not available3/2Series327Pneutrol International Ltd are Platinium Distributors for ASCO NumaticsContactus:5CaulsideDrive,Antrim,NorthernIreland,*************************************************:+44(0)2894481800PRODUCT SELECTION GUIDESTEP 1Select basic cataloguenumber,including pipe thread indentification letter. Refer to the specifications table on page 1.Example: 8327B021STEP 2Select prefix (combination). Refer to the specifications table on page 1 and the prefix table on page 2, respect the indicated power level.Example: NFSTEP 3Select suffix (combination) if required. Refer to the suffix table on page 2, respect the indicated power level.Example: COSTEP 4Select voltage. Refer to standard voltages on page 3.Example: 230V / 50/60 Hz STEP 5Final catalogue / ordering number. Example:NF 8327B021 CO 230V / 50/60 HzPREFIX TABLEprefix description power level 1234567LP RP MP BPE F Explosionproof - NEMA 7, 9 - Zinc plated steel conduit ---●E V Explosionproof - NEMA 7, 9 - 316 SS conduit ---●E M Waterproof IP67 - Metal enclosure (EN/IEC 60079-7+18, 61241-1)*-●●●E T Threaded conduit/hole (M20 x 1,5)-●●●I S S C Intrinsically safe with SC coil (EN/IEC 60079-11+26, 61241-11)*----N F Flameproof - Aluminium (EN/IEC 60079-1, 60079-31)*-●●●P V Encapsulated epoxy moulded (EN/IEC 60079-18, 61241-18)*---❍S C Solenoid with spade plug connector (EN/IEC 60730)-●●●W P Waterproof IP67 - Metal enclosure -●●●W P I S I.S. with Metal IP67 enclosure (EN/IEC 60079-11+26, 61241-11)*----W S Waterproof IP67 - 316 SS enclosure -●●●W S E M Waterproof IP67 - 316 SS enclosure (EN/IEC 60079-7+18, 61241-1)*-●●●W S I S I.S. with 316 SS IP67 enclosure (EN/IEC 60079-11+26, 61241-11)*----WS N F Flameproof - 316 SS (EN/IEC 60079-1, 60079-31)*-●●●T Threaded conduit (1/2" NPT)-●●●H C Class H - Battery charging circuit ---●H T Class H - High temperature----X Other special constructions-●●●SUFFIX TABLEsuffix descriptionpower level 12345LP RP MP BP E EPDM (ethylene-propylene)----J CR (chloroprene)----N Oxygen service (CR (chloroprene))----N V FPM (fluoroelastomer) and parts cleaned for oxygen service -●●●C O Epoxy coating on all external surfaces -●●●M BMounting bracket----M O Push type manual operator -●●●M S Screw type manual operator (1)-●●●MMetering device----● Available feature ❍ Available feature in DC only- Not available * A TEX solenoids are also approved according to EN 13463-1 (non electrical valves) (1)Functional Safety certification is not applicable with this featureOPTIONS & ACCESSORIEScatalogue number spare part kit no.(2)mounting bracket ~ / =SC 327B021C123670⏹SC 327B022C123670⏹SC 327B031C131237⏹SC 327B032C131237⏹SC 327B071C117644⏹SC 327B072C117644⏹SC 327B081C117645⏹SC 327B082C117645⏹SC 327B121C132251⏹SC 327B122C132251⏹SC 327B131C132253⏹SC 327B132C132253⏹SC 327B171C117646⏹SC 327B172C117646⏹SC 327B181C117647⏹SC 327B182C117647⏹SC 327B221C132251⏹SC 327B222C132251⏹SC 327B231C132253⏹SC 327B232C132253⏹SC 327B271C117648⏹SC 327B272C117648⏹SC 327B281C117649⏹SC 327B282C117649⏹Select 8 for NPT ANSI 1.20.3 or select G for ISO G(228/1)(2)Standard prefixes/suffixes are also applicable to kits ⏹ Mounting holes in bodyORDERING EXAMPLES VALVES:SC 8327B 02124V /DC WSEMT G 327B 022CO24V /DCNFET G 327B 021230V /50/60 Hz WSEMG 327B 02224V /DC NF 8327B 231CO 24V /DC WS G 327B 021CO 24V /DCEM 8327B 221230V /50/60 Hz PV 8327B 032CO 24V /DCEFG327H 022CO240V /50/60 Hzprefix (3)pipe thread voltage basic number (3)suffixORDERING EXAMPLES KITS:C131237(4)PV C123670NF C131237WSEM C123670prefixsuffixbasic number(3)Prefix EF and EV should always be used in conjunction withchange letter H in the basic number (4)Basic kit number applies to SC coil constructionPneutrol International Ltd are Platinium Distributors for ASCO NumaticsContactus:5CaulsideDrive,Antrim,NorthernIreland,*************************************************:+44(0)2894481800EXPLANATION OF TEMPERATURE RANGES OF SOLENOID VALVESValve temperature range The valve temperature range (TS) is determined by the selected seal material, the temperaturerange for proper operation of the valve and sometimes by the fluid (e.g. steam)Operator ambient temperature range The operator ambient temperature range is determined by the selected power level and thesafety codeTotal temperature range The temperature range of the complete solenoid valve is determined by the limitations of bothtemperature ranges aboveELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSCoil insulation class HElectrical safety IEC 335Standard voltages DC (=) 24V - 48V; Allowable voltage variation ± 10%AC (~) 24V - 48V - 115V - 230V/50/60Hz; Other voltages are available on requestprefix optionpower ratings operatorambienttemperaturerangesafety codeelectricalenclosureprotection(EN 60529)replacement coil / kittype(2) inrush holding hot/cold~~=~=(VA)(VA)(W)(W) (C°)(1)230V/50/60 Hz24V/DCBasic power (BP)SC10,010,010,09,0/11,2-40 to +55EN 60730IP65, moulded123664-017400425-14201 WP/WS10,010,010,09,0/11,2-40 to +55EN 60730IP67, steel /SS400915-017400913-14203 NF/WSNF10,010,010,09,0/11,2-60 to +40/60II2G Ex d IIC Gb T6/T5, II2D Ex t IIIC Db IP67, alu./SS 400915-017400913-14205 EM/WSEM10,010,010,09,0/11,2-40 to +40II2G Ex e mb II T3, II2D Ex tD A21IP67, steel /SS 400915-017400913-14203 PV---9,0/11,2-40 to +55II2G Ex mb II T4, II2D Ex mD 21IP67, moulded- - (3)06 EF/EV12,012,012,09,3/11,6-40 to +52/40NEMA type 7 and 9NEMA 4X276002-058D238714-006D07 Medium Power (MP)SC5,85,85,85,2/5,7-40 to +90EN 60730IP65, moulded400924-297400923-44202 WP/WS5,85,85,85,2/5,7-40 to +90EN 60730IP67, steel /SS400921-297400914-44204 NF/WSNF5,85,85,85,2/5,7-60 to +60/75/90II2G Ex d IIC Gb T6/T5/T4, II2D Ex t IIIC Db IP67, alu./SS 400921-297400914-44205 EM/WSEM5,85,85,85,2/5,7-40 to +40/75/90II2G Ex e mb II T5/T4/T3, II2D Ex tD A21IP67, steel /SS400921-297400914-44204 Reduced Power (RP)(4)SC3,73,73,73,2/3,6-40 to +55EN 60730IP65, moulded - (4)400923-04202 WP/WS3,73,73,73,2/3,6-40 to +55EN 60730IP67, steel /SS - (4)400914-24204 NF/WSNF3,73,73,73,2/3,6-60 to +60II2G Ex d IIC Gb T6, II2D Ex t IIIC Db IP67, alu./SS - (4)400914-24205 EM/WSEM3,73,73,73,2/3,6-40 to +40/55II2G Ex e mb II T6/T5, II2D Ex tD A21IP67, steel /SS - (4)400914-24204 (1) Temperature range can be limited by sealings(2) Refer to the dimensional drawings on page 4 and 5(3) Multiple coil kits are available under ATEX/IECEx, contact us (4) AC (~) limited to 127V/50/60Hz or 125V/DC- Not availableELECTRICAL CONNECTIONSprefix connectionSC Spade plug connector with cable gland EN175301-803A (ISO 4400) for cables with an outer dia-meter from 6 to 10 mmWP, WS, EM, WSEM M20 cable gland for cables with an outer diameter from 7 to 12 mm. With an internal and external facility for an earthing or bonding conductorNF, WSNF1/2" NPT threaded cable entry. Enclosures are supplied without cable glandNFET, WSNFET M20 x 1,5 threaded cable entry. Enclosures are supplied without cable glandPneutrol International Ltd are Platinium Distributors for ASCO NumaticsContactus:5CaulsideDrive,Antrim,NorthernIreland,*************************************************:+44(0)2894481800ADDITIONAL OPTIONS●Ex mb/mD (prefix "PV") solenoid can be supplied with various cable lengths ●Compliance with "UL", "CSA" and other local approvals available on request ●Manual Reset constructions suitable for -40°C are available on requestINSTALLATION●Multi language installation/maintenance instructions are included with each valve ●The solenoid valves can be mounted in any position without affecting operation ●The mounting holes are provided in the valve body●Threaded pipe connection identifier is 8 = NPT (ANSI 1.20.3); G = G (ISO 228/1)●Declarations of conformity are available on request●Ex e mb Prefix "EM" execution: solenoid enclosure has a cable gland with integral strain relief for cables with an o.d.from 7 to 12 mm and is provided with an internal and external connection facility for an earthing or bonding conductor ●Ex d Prefix "NF/WSNF" enclosure is provided with a 1/2" NPT threaded entry hole, M20 x 1,5 (prefix "ET") is optional Both are supplied without cable gland●All DC solenoids with metal enclosure are provided with switch-off peak voltage suppression diodes●T o comply with IEC 61508 (SIL) the valves must be provided with a specific exhaust protector (as shown on page 6) or equalDIMENSIONS (mm), WEIGHT(kg)TYPE 01:TYPE 02:Epoxy mouldedSC: IEC 335 / ISO 4400Epoxy mouldedSC: IEC 335 / ISO 4400327B021 / B022 / B031 / B032327B121 / B122 / B131 / B132 / B221 / B222 / B231 / B232TYPE 03:TYPE 04:Metal, epoxy coated / AISI 316 SS WP / WS: IEC 335EM / WSEM: EN/IEC 60079-7+18, 61241-1Metal, epoxy coated / AISI 316 SS WP / WS: IEC 335EM / WSEM: EN/IEC 60079-7+18, 61241-1327B021 / B022 / B031 / B032327B121 / B122 / B131 / B132 / B221 / B222 / B231 / B232Pneutrol International Ltd are Platinium Distributors for ASCO NumaticsContactus:5CaulsideDrive,Antrim,NorthernIreland,*************************************************:+44(0)2894481800DIMENSIONS (mm), WEIGHT(kg)TYPE 05:TYPE 06:Aluminium, epoxy coated / AISI 316 SS NF / WSNF: EN/IEC 60079-1, 60079-31Epoxy encapsulatedPV: EN/IEC 60079-18, 61241-18327 B 021 / B022 / B031 / B032 / B121 / B122 /327B131 / B132 / B221 / B222 / B231 / B232327B001 / B002 / B011 / B012ABC DEFG H KJ1223Ø5,52741159L1/2 NPTABCD EF G HKJ1223Ø5,52741LTYPE 07:Epoxy encapsulatedEF and EV: NEMA type 7, 9 / ICS-6 ANSI327H021 / H022 / H031 / H032ABCD EF GHKJ1223Ø5,52741type prefix/option power level A B C D E F G H J K L M N weight 01SC BP 45302479138155918550305527671,20 kg 02SCMP/RP 5030249814995915633552786-1,30 kg 03WP , WS, EM, WSEM BP 7730249815512081552786---1,20 kg 04WP , WS, EM, WSEM MP/RP 77302410115812081552789---1,30 kg 05NF , WSNF BP/MP/RP 97302412510254558817627113--2,70 kg 06PV BP 45302486137726745552774--1,20 kg 07EF , EVBP503024871387751552775---1,20 kgPneutrol International Ltd are Platinium Distributors for ASCO NumaticsContactus:5CaulsideDrive,Antrim,NorthernIreland,*************************************************:+44(0)2894481800EXHAUST PROTECTOR ORDER NUMBERS¼ISO 228/1brass/nickelB-MV110014NPT B-PV110014ISO 228/1stainless steelB-VX110014NPTB-PV110014 InoxEXHAUST PROTECTOR213SECTIONAL DRAWINGExecution : Reduced Power TamperproofPneutrol International Ltd are Platinium Distributors for ASCO NumaticsContactus:5CaulsideDrive,Antrim,NorthernIreland,*************************************************:+44(0)2894481800。

1622008 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION KIT & COMPONENTS CATALOG ©2008 PARKER HANNIFIN CORP. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED3790103008397797405R55N / 5R55S / 5R55WRWD 5 SpeedA544510034070670Input ShaftO.Dr. Ring GearO.Dr. CenterShaft783Center SupportInterm. BandDirect DrumForward ClutchForward PlanetReverse BandReverse DrumLow Sprag310037179520036178530311914363912911913910896904896437490996V.B.Parts741E414494765-6370Case313321320Valve Body917747765746322420002OHK Kit004Master L/Steels Kit 006Master 030External Seal Kit1632008 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION KIT & COMPONENTS CATALOG ©2008 PARKER HANNIFIN CORP . ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDRWD 5 Speed5R55N / 5R55S / 5R55W862981971961560961971985879565126106146861*229964974877564285872962972104124552894Intermediate Sprag690074266Park Gear264847Park Pawl Assy995-1995-2995-3995916-2916-3919922915916-2916-3919922916263EDA181554770Ext. Hsg.781493305678Output ShaftO.Dr. Band StrutInterm. Band Strut268841Internal Linkage991-2991-3994799991-4761P-4991072410992Yoke1642008 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION KIT & COMPONENTS CATALOG©2008 PARKER HANNIFIN CORP. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED*Prefix Letter ‘T’ denotes Toledo-Trans Kit (TTK) Brand Transmission Kits *Prefix Letter ‘B’ denotes Bryco Brand Transmission Kits002.............T16002AP......Overhaul Kit, 5R55N (With Bonded Pistons) 1999-Up ..............................................................1..........002.............T16002GP......Overhaul Kit, 5R55S/5R55W (With Bonded Pistons) 2002-Up..................................................1..........004.............T16004AP......Master L/Steels Kit, 5R55N (With Bonded Pistons) 1999-Up ....................................................1..........004.............T16004GP......Master L/Steels Kit, 5R55S/5R55W (With Bonded Pistons) 2002-Up .......................................1..........006.............T16006AP......Master W/Steels Kit, 5R55N (With Bonded Pistons) 1999-Up...................................................1..........006.............T16006GP......Master W/Steels Kit, 5R55S/5R55W (With Bonded Pistons) 2002-Up ......................................1..........E300...........45019............Gasket, 5R55N Bottom Pan (Plastic With Silicon Bead) OE Style (With Large Holes) 1999-Up 1..........XW4Z-7A191CA D305...........45097668......Gasket, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Extension Housing To Case 1999-Up......................................1..........XW4Z-7086-AA A309..........41217............Gasket, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump Bolt Washer...................................................................AR ........A310..........45097667......Gasket, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump 1999-Up..........................................................................1..........XW4Z-7A136AB A311...........1988096........O-Ring, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump Cover 1999-Up ...............................................................1..........XW4Z-7A248AA A313..........1994747........O-Ring, 5R55N Inner Pump Gear 1999-Up.................................................................................1..........F77Z-7L323AA E320...........45097692......Gasket, 5R55N Valve Body Separator Plate To Case 1999-Up ................................................1..........XW4Z-7D100-BF E320...........45097738......Gasket, 5R55S/5R55W Valve Body Separator Plate To Case (Upper) 2002-Up......................1..........1L2Z-7Z490AB-1A070..........70243V..........Seal, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Front (No Flange) (Rubber Coated) 1999-Up ..............................1..........F77Z-7A248AA D072...........70083............Seal, 5R55N Linkage 1999-Up ..................................................................................................1..........D5AZ-7B498A D074...........70283............Seal, 5R55N Rear 2WD 2000-Up ...............................................................................................1..........XW4Z-7052AA D074...........70205............Seal, 5R55S/5R55W Rear (W/Long Boot) 2WD 2002-Up .........................................................1..........F6UZ-7052A D074...........70282............Seal, 5R55S/5R55W Extension Housing 4X4 2002-Up .............................................................1..........1L2Z-7052BA175.............6358..............Ring Kit, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W (2 Metal 4PTFE 2 Torlon Rings) 1999-Up ...............................1..........A178..........45060279......Ring, 5R55N, 5R55W, 5R55S Pump Support (Lock-Up) 1999-Up .............................................1..........B181...........TAW- 2212....Ring, 5R55N, 5R55W, 5R55S Forward Clutch Cylinder 1999-Up .............................................2..........D184...........45060265......Ring, 5R55N, 5R55W, 5R55S Output Shaft 1999-Up.................................................................1..........A179..........30308............Ring, 5R55N, 5R55W, 5R55S Overdrive Brake Drum 1999-Up.................................................2..........B179...........30308P ..........Ring, 5R55N, 5R55W, 5R55S Direct Clutch (Center Support) 1999-Up Torlon .........................2..........119.............45082NR........Friction Module, 5R55N 1999-Up................................................................................................1..........119.............45082LR........Friction Module, 5R55S/5R55W 2002-Up...................................................................................1..........E010...........45040N ..........Filter, 5R55N (3/8” Tall Pick-up Tube) 1999-Up ..........................................................................1..........XW4Z-7A098BB E010...........F-340.............Filter, 5R55S/5R55W (2 1/4” Tall Pick-Up Tube) 2002-Up..........................................................1..........1L2Z-7A098AC5R55N / 5R55S / 5R55WRWD 5 Speed1652008 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION KIT & COMPONENTS CATALOG ©2008 PARKER HANNIFIN CORP. ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDB022...........45090............Band, 5R55N Overdrive/Intermediate (Hi-Energy) 1999-Up......................................................2..........XW4Z-7D034BA 030.............45030G..........Bushing Kit, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W 1999-Up.............................................................................1..........A034..........31530............Bushing, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump Cover 1999-Up .............................................................1..........A036..........31531............Bushing, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Overdrive Sun Gear 1999-Up................................................1..........A036..........45039............Bushing, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Stator (Front) 1999-Up ...........................................................1..........A037..........31532............Bushing, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Stator (Rear) 1999-Up............................................................1..........A046..........31533............Bushing, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Coast Clutch Drum e 56036A................................................................................................................................1..........B211...........45176A..........Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump To Coast Clutch Drum .063" (Plastic) 1999-Up.............1..........F7TZ-7D014TA B211...........45176B ..........Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump To Coast Clutch Drum .071" (Plastic) 1999-Up.............1..........F7TZ-7D014MA B211...........45176C ..........Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump To Coast Clutch Drum .075" (Plastic) 1999-Up.............1..........F7TZ-7D014NA B211...........45176D ..........Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump To Coast Clutch Drum .079" (Plastic) 1999-Up.............1..........F7TZ-7D014PA B211...........45176E ..........Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump To Coast Clutch Drum .083" (Plastic) 1999-Up.............1..........F7TZ-7D014RA B211...........45176F ..........Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Pump To Coast Clutch Drum .087" (Plastic) 1999-Up.............1..........F7TZ-7D014SA C232...........45145............Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Bearing to Forward Hub (Solid Bronze) 1999-Up .................1..........FOTZ-7D090A D263...........45077............Washer, 5R55N/5R55S/5R55W Parking Gear To Case 1999-Up ..............................................1..........D4ZZ-7B368-AD410...........D56955J ........Switch, 5R55N Neutral Safety (12 Prong Connector) 1999-Up ...............................................1..........XW4Z-7F293AA E922...........33991............Nut, 5R55N/S/W Band 1999-Up .................................................................................................2..........380850-SRWD 5 Speed5R55N / 5R55S / 5R55W。

IB-15This bulletin should be used by experienced personnel as a guide to the installation and maintenance of "KD"Series Float and Thermostatic Steam Traps, Condensate Controllers and Liquid Drainers. Selection or installation of equipment should always be accompanied by competent technical assistance. We encourage you to contact Armstrong or its local representative if further information is required.Armstrong "KD" Series steam traps, condensate controllers and liquid drainers have capacities to 142,000 lb/hr of hot condensate. The inlet and outlet connections are 2", 2-1/2”and 3" NPT. The maximum allowable pressure is 300 psig.Installation1.Series "KD" steam traps, condensate controllers andliquid drainers have individual requirements for installation.A)Float and Thermostatic Steam TrapInstall the trap so that its inlet connection is below the liquid level in the equipment to be drained.Figure 1 shows the recommended piping method.B)Condensate ControllerThe condensate controller‘s ability to handle flash steam enables it to operate efficiently with siphon drained equipment. Figure 2 shows the recommended piping method.C)Liquid DrainerInstall the liquid drainer with its inlet connection below the liquid level in the equipment to be drained.Figure 3 shows the recommended piping for a liquid drainer.2.Before installing any trap, blow down the piping that leads to the trap’s inlet. Be sure the maximum operatingpressure (MOP) of the unit is adequate for the installation.3.Set the unit as shown in Figures 1, 2, or 3 with the flange resting on the floor or on a platform for support.Then install and tighten the inlet and discharge piping to secure the unit in its operating position. Use good piping practices to avoid excessive strain on the piping.4.To allow for maintenance and provide maximum service, install a valve on each side of the unit, and a strainerahead of the inlet. All valves should be of the full ported type to avoid restricting flow.Note: Use good piping practices. Make inlet piping as short as possible with a minimum of elbows andother restrictions. Install a dirt pocket in the line ahead of the unit as shown in Figures 1 and 3.Installation and Maintenance"KD" SeriesFloat and Thermostatic Steam Traps,Condensate Controllers and Liquid DrainersSteam Trap Figure 1Condensate ControllerFigure 2Liquid Drainer Figure 3PlugReceiverStrainer (Optional)Dirt PocketVent LineDischarge Line5.Liquid Drainers must be back vented to avoid air binding. Do not reduce the pipe size to less than 1" for theback vent. Connect as shown in Figure 3. Use a full-ported valve in the back-vent line. Remember that the pressure in the drainer is the same as in the unit drained. Only the difference in liquid levels produces flow.Minimize fittings and length of pipe between the vessel and the drainer.6.If condensate is discharged to an overhead return; ensure that adequate differential pressure exists across thetrap to elevate the condensate. Install a check valve in the discharge piping near the unit to prevent backflow when the system is not in operation.7.Under conditions where the load may approach the maximum capacity of the trap, it is recommended that thesize of the discharge piping be increased as close to the trap as practical. The larger pipe is required to handle the choking effects of the flashing condensate at the trap outlet, thus reducing the backpressure at the trap. Also, consideration should be given to the condensate system pressure when sizing the discharge piping. Contact Armstrong or its local representative if further information is required.8.Series "KD" units do not require priming. They are ready for operation when installed.MaintenanceCheck the internal mechanism of these units for damage or wear at least once a year.1.Opening the unitA)Close the valves in both supply and discharge lines. If the unit is hot, allow it to cool. (Liquid drainers:close the valve in the back-vent line.)B)Remove the drain plug from the bottom of the body and allow the liquid to drain.CAUTION: Do not attempt to remove the body without first removing the thermostatic air vent or fixed orifice and coupling.C)Before removing the body:a.Steam TrapRemove the air vent cap (1-1/2" plug) from the top of the body. When the cap is removed, thethermostatic air vent extends through the top of the body. Using a spanner wrench or pliers, removethe thermostatic air vent and gasket. Inspect the vent for damage.The valve should be away from the valve seat. If you have the facilities, place the air vent in a pan ofwater and heat it to boiling. The valve should close. If the bellows is collapsed or ruptured, or thevalve and seat of the vent are eroded, discard it and install a new one.If the unit includes a vacuum breaker, it is located in the air vent cap. Blow through the vacuumbreaker from atmosphere side to be sure that it opens; suck air from that same side to be sure that itcloses tightly. If the vacuum breaker does not operate properly, discard it and install a new one.b. Condensate ControllerRemove the air vent cap from the body. Remove the fixed orifice air vent and the coupling from the airrelief tube.c.Liquid DrainerDisconnect the back-vent or secondary steam piping from the drainer body.D)Put blocks under the body of the unit to support it (wt. approx. 60 lbs.) and remove the 10 bolts that attachthe body to the cap. To facilitate handling, screw a lifting lug into the 1-1/2" NPT hole in the top of thebody. A hoist can be attached to the lifting lug.E)Carefully pull the body away from the cap, lifting slightly as you pull. Remove and discard the old gasket.F)Inspect all of the moving parts. If any parts are worn or damaged replace the complete mechanism. SeeFigures 4 and 5.2.Removing th e Mech anism for ReplacementA)Unscrew the four mounting screws.B)Remove the mechanism from the cap.C)Remove the gasket and clean the gasket surface.3.Installing the New Mechanism if RequiredA)Place a new gasket between the cap and mechanism.B)Place the mechanism against the gasket.C)Install the four mounting screws.D)Tighten the mounting screws so that the gasket seals uniformly.4.Reassembly of TrapA)After inspection and repair, clean the gasket surfaces and place a newgasket between the body and the cap. Replace the body carefully to avoid damaging the internal parts. Install and tighten the 10 bolts to 140ft. lbs. (See Figure 6 for bolt tightening sequence.)B)Screw the drain plug into the bottom of the body and tighten it securely.a.Steam Trap Place the thermostatic air vent, with gasket installed, into the coupling at the top of the air relief tube. Tighten with a spanner wrench orpliers. Screw the air vent cap into the top of the body and tighten the cap with a wrench.b.Condensate ControllerScrew the fixed orifice and coupling onto the upper end of the air relief tube. Screw the air vent cap into the top of the body and tighten with a wrench.c.Liquid DrainerReconnect the back-vent piping.Valve RetainerConnecting Pin LeverFloatCap Extension 1/4” SS Pipe Plug Valve 3/8” NutValve StemValveGasket Cap ScrewValve Stem Conn. Assy Connecting PinCap Extension and Assembly for 300KD10 and 300KD12Figure 5FloatRetainerLeverCap ExtensionPipe PlugValve NutStemGasketScrewsValve Stem ConnectorPivot PinsCap Extension and Assemblyfor 30KD8 and 50KD10Figure 4Bolt Tightening SequenceFigure 6Armstrong Steam and Condensate Group816 Maple Street, Three Rivers, MI 49093 - USA Ph: (269) 273-1415 Fax: (269) 278-6555Steam Trap Figure 7Condensate ControllerFigure 8Liquid Drainer Figure 9C)Open the valves in the supply and discharge line. For Liquid Drainers, also open the valve in the back-vent line. Check the equipment for normal operation.Drain Plug。

40-2-0604Performance Engineered & TestedSPEARS ® Schedule 40 PVC fi tting designs combine years of proven experience with computer generated stress analysis to yield the optimum physical structure and performance for each fi tting. Material reinforcement is uniformly placed in stress concentration areas for sub stantially improved pressure handling capab ility. Resulting products are subjected to numerous verifi cation tests to assure the very best PVC fi ttings available.Full 1/4" Through 12" Availability Spears ® comprehensive line of PVC fi ttings offers a variety of injection molded confi gurations in Schedule 40 sizes 1/4"through 12" conforming to ASTM D 2466.Exceptional Chemical & Corrosion ResistanceUnlike metal, PVC fi ttings never rust, scale, or pit, and will provide many years of maintenance-free service and extended system life.High Temperature Ratings PVC thermoplastic can handle fl uids at service temperatures up to 140°F (60°C), allowing a wide range of process applications, including corrosive fl uids.Lower Installation CostsSubstantially lower material costs than steel alloys or lined steel, combined with lighter weight and ease of installation, can reduce installation costs by as much as 60% over conventional metal systems.PROGRESSIVE PRODUCTS FROM SPEARS ® INNOV ATION & TECHNOLOGYVisit our web site: Higher Flow CapacitySmooth interior walls result in lower pressure loss and highervolume than conventional metal fi ttings.Additional Fabricated Confi gurations through 36"Extra large, hard-to-fi nd, and custom confi gurations arefabricated from NSF Certified pipe. Fittings are engineered and tested to provide full pressure handling capabilities accordingto Spears ® specifi cations.PVC ValvesSPEARS ® PVC Valve products are available for totalsystem compatibility and uniformity; see SPEARS ®THERMOPLASTIC V ALVES PRODUCT GUIDE & ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS (V-4).Advanced Design Specialty FittingsSpears ® wide range of innovative, improved products include numerous metal-to-plastic transition fi ttings and unions withSpears ® patented special reinforced (SR) plastic threads.Sample Engineering Specifi cationsAll PVC Sche dule 40 fi ttings shall be produce d by Spe ars ®Manufacturing Company from PVC Type I cell classifi cation 12454, conforming to ASTM D 1784. All inje ction molde d PVC Schedule 40 fi ttings shall be Certifi ed for potable water se rvice by NSF Inte rnational and manufacture d in strict compliance to ASTM D 2466. All fabricated fi ttings shall beproduced in accordance with Spears ® General Specifi cationsfor Fabricated Fittings.PACIFIC SOUTHWEST1 Gateway Ct . Suite APVC Thermoplastic Pipe Temperature Pressure De-RatingNOT FOR USE WITH COMPRESSED AIR OR GASSpears ® Manufacturing Company DOES N OT RECOMMEND the use of thermoplastic piping products for systems to transport or store compressed air or gases, or the testing of thermoplastic piping systems with compressed air or gases in above and below ground locations. The use of our product in compressed air or gas systems automatically voids any warranty for such products, and its use against our recommendation is entirely the responsibility and liability of the installer.WARNING: DO N OT USE COMPRESSEDAIR OR GAS TO TEST AN Y PVC OR CPVCTHERMOPLASTIC PIPI N G PRODUCT OR SYSTEM, A N D DO N OT USE DEVICES PROPELLED BY COMPRESSED AIR OR GAS TO CLEAR SYSTEMS. THESE PRACTICES MAY RESULT IN EXPLOSIVE FRAGMEN TATION OF SYSTEM PIPIN G COMPON EN TS CAUSIN G SERIOUS OR FATAL BODILY INJURY .PVC Chemical ResistancePVC is generally inert to most mineral acids, bases, salts and paraffi nic hydrocarbon solutions. For more information on PVC chemical resistance refer to the Chemical Resistance of Rigid Vinyls Based on Immersion Test, published by the GEON ® Company.To determine the maximum internal pressure rating at an elevated temperature, simply multiply the pipe pressure rating at 73°F by the percentage specifi ed for the desired temperature.System OperatingTemperature °F (°C)73(23)80(27)90(32)100(38)110(43)120(49)130(54)140(60)PVC100%90%75%62%50%40%30%22%NOTE: Valves, Unions and Specialty Products have different elevated temperature ratings than pipe.PVC Basic Physical PropertiesPropertiesASTMTest Method PVCMechanical Properties, 73°FSpecifi c Gravity, g/cm 3 D 792 1.41Tensile Strength, psi D 6387,200Modulus of Elasticity, psi D 638440,000Compressive Strength, psi D 6959,000Flexural Strength, psi D 79013,200Izod Impact, notched, ft-lb/inD 256.65Thermal PropertiesHeat Defl ection Temperature, °F at 66 psi D 648165Thermal Conductivity, BTU/hr/sq ft/°F/in C 177 1.2Coeffi cient of Linear Expansion, in/in/°FD 696 3.1 X 105FlammabilityLimiting Oxygen Index, % D 286343UL 94 rating94V-0Other PropertiesWater Absorption, % 24 hr. D 570.05Industry Standard Color White / Dark GrayASTM Cell Classifi cation D 178412454NSF Potable Water ApprovedYes。

序号中文英文西班牙文套管Casing1 套管 casing tubo de revestimiento2 套管附件 casing accessories accesorios para tubos de revestimiento3 下套管的井 cased borehole4 下套管完井 cased hole completion5 全部下套管的井 cased through well6 下套管 case in7 套管异径接头 casing adapter8 套管锚 casing anchor9 套管环空 casing anulus10 下套管工具 casing appliances herramientas para poner tubo de revestimiento11 下套管地层 casing-bearing fornation12 套管打捞筒 casing bowl13 套管桥塞 casing bridge plug14 套管弯曲 casing buckling15 扶正器 casing centralizer estabilizador para tubo de revestimiento16 回压凡尔 casing check valve17 套管卡子 casing clamps18 套管挤坏 casing collapse19 套管接箍 casing coolar argolla para tubo de revestimiento20 套管接箍测定器 casing collar location21 测套管接箍 casing collar log22 套管连接 casing connection23 套管腐蚀监测 casing corrosion monitoring24 套管联接器 casing coupling25 套管割刀 casing cutter26 套管割刀震击器 casing cutter jar27 套管割刀加力器 casing cutter sinker28 套管损伤 casing damage29 套管变形 casing deformation30 套管深度 casing depth31 套管打捞矛 casing dog32 套管整形器 casing drift swage33 砸套管护帽 casing drive head34 砸击套管鞋 casing drive shoe35 套管吊卡 casing elevator elevador para tubo de revestimiento36 套管损伤 casing failure37 套管配件 casing fitting38 回压凡尔 casing float39 套管鞋 casing float shoe40 套管丝扣规 casing gauge41 套管钢级 casing gade42 引鞋 casing guide shoe43 套管悬挂器 casing hanger44 套管附件 casing hardware45 套管头 casinghead cabera de tubo-revestimiento46 套管头内卡瓦座 casinghead bowl47 套管头压力 casinghead pressure48 套管头四通 casinghead spool49 套管头挤水泥 casinghead squeeze50 套管与井壁环空 casing-hole annulus51 套管大钩 casing hook52 套管缺陷 casing imperfection53 套管探伤 casing inspection54 检查套管测井 casing inspection log55 下套管 casing installation56 套管千斤顶 casing jack57 下套管作业 casing job58 一节套管 casing joint59 套管割刀 casing knife60 联顶节 casing landing tubo-revestimiento de aterriento61 套管漏 casing leak62 裸眼完井 casingless-completion63 胀管器 casing mandrel64 套管铣鞋 casing mill65 套管磨铣工具 casing milling tool66 套管短节 casing nipple67 套管封隔器 casing packer68 套管修补 casing patch69 套管补孔器 casing patch tool70 套管射孔器 casing perforator71 套管鞋深度 casing point72 套管紧扣杆 casing pole73 套压 casing pressure presion de tubo-revestimiento74 套管试压 casing pressure test pnueba de presion para tubo de revestimiento75 套管程序 casing programme programacion de tubo-revestimiento76 套管护箍 casing protector77 刮管器 casing scraper78 套管母扣护丝 casing screw head79 套管公扣护丝 casing screw protector80 套管密封件 casing seal81 套管铣刀 casing section mill82 套管下入深度 casing setting depth profundidad avanrada de fubo revestido83 割套管 casing severing84 套管侧钻 casing side tracking85 套管尺寸 casing size86 套管卡瓦 casing slip87 套管捞矛 casing spear88 套管卡盘式吊卡 casing spider89 套管裂纹 casing split90 套管割刀 casing splitter91 入井第一节套管 casing starter92 套管粘卡 casing sticking93 套管柱 casing string94 套管柱设计 casing string design95 套管异径接头 casing sub96 套管悬挂器 casing suspender97 胀管器 casing swage98 套管旋转头 casing swivel99 捞套管公锥 casing tape100 套管测试器 casing tester101 套管螺纹 casing threads102 套管井壁环空 casing-to-hole annulus103 套管容积 casing volume volumen de tubo revestido104 管壁 casing wall105 套管磨损 casing wear106 套管造斜器 casing whipstock107 拔套管 casing withdrawal108 套管重量 casing wt、casing weight peso de tubo revestido。

辅机到280 934-945Sediment残渣demister汽水分离器agitate 搅拌ispp---200及以上iapp---400及以上生活污水（sewage）3海里以外，机舱污水（bilge water）不包括生活污水。

消毒器（disinfector）特殊区域12海里以上可排食物钻井平台上的食物在12海里以外包装材料25海里以外含油污水50海里以外STCW保证足够休息ibc--solas 惰性系统排出的惰性气体含氧量不超过5% 惰性系统在洗油舱前最大含氧量为8%应急舵机三个月检查一次ISM>SMS>SMCtacit acceptance procedure 默认接受程序闪点--释放蒸汽形成可燃混合气的最低温度，反应挥发性（volatility），柴油闪点最低燃点（fire point）--释放蒸汽并持续燃烧的最低温度。

系统操作温度考虑浊点（cloud point）和倾点。

倾点低于浊点。

闪点低于燃点。

压缩机load----stopplate----cooling jacket water and oil溶解的固体物--TDS粘度计维持粘度油雾探测器用于曲轴箱垃圾记录簿保存2年油类记录簿保存3年，最后一次记录后保存三年启动空气管会爆炸加热缸套水使启动容易大管轮主机二管轮辅机三管轮锅炉人工呼吸每分钟12--15次油柜预留1%--3%供膨胀，温度对于预留空间很重要。

2长4短时堵漏报警33解除7短1长弃船乱钟（间隔少于十秒）着火乱钟加4声敲击机舱着火滤器在排出侧polish 三螺杆泵最适于油水分离器给水关离合器---停主机convection对流船上无法移除油类灭火二氧化碳最适于灭B、C类火，卤素（halon）、干粉可灭C类火二氧化碳灭火剂每年称一次重量，用过一次就要排空。

干粉（dry chemical）和水灭火要注意防止复燃。

大量油着火用泡沫灭火剂（foam）soda-acid extinguisher 酸碱灭火器充每年一次油漆间或细碎的油布（paint locker）最可能自燃快速清洁滤器在消防栓（fire hydrant）处183mm直径的通岸接口口径。

一、钻井设备及工具1.accumulator 储能器2.active tank 循环池3.adjustable bolt （刹把）调节螺栓4.admission pipe 进气管线5.agitator 搅拌器6.air chamber空气包7.air line 气管线8.air-operated hoist气动绞车9.alternating current drive交流电驱动10.annular BOP 环形BOP11.ato-muffler 消音器12.ball valve 球阀13.bell nipple 井口喇叭管14.bench vise 老虎钳15.bit 钻头16.bit breaker 钻头装卸器17.bit gauge钻头规18.blind ram preventer盲板防喷器19.blind shear ram preventer剪切闸板防喷器20.blow-out preventer （BOP）防喷器21.bolt 螺栓22.BOP control panel 防喷器控制盘23.BOP deck 防喷器平台24.bottom plug 底塞25.box 母扣26.brake level （brake handle）刹把27.brake line （brake staple）刹带28.bridge plug 桥塞29.buttress 梯形扣30.butterfly valve蝶阀31.by-pass 旁通32.by-pass plug 旁通塞33.calliper 卡钳（slide calliper游标卡尺）34.casing bowl 套管打捞筒35.casing coupling套管接箍36.casing cutter 套管割刀37.casing elevator 套管吊卡38.casing hanger套管悬挂器39.casing head 套管头40.casing monkey board 套管平台41.casing scraper 刮管器42.casing shoe 套管鞋43.casing slip 套管卡瓦44.casing spear 套管捞矛45.casing spool 套管四通46.casing tong 套管大钳47.cat line 猫头绳48.cat line grip 猫头绳爪49.cat shaft 猫头轴50.cat-head 猫头51.cellar deck 井口甲板52.cement 水泥53.cement basket 水泥伞54.cement plug 水泥塞55.cement retainer 水泥阻流环56.cementing bond log（CBL）固井质量检查57.cementing head 水泥头58.cementing line 固井管线59.cementing pump固井泵60.chain 链61.chain pipe tong 链钳62.chain tong 链钳63.chamber 房间、寝室64.chamber gate 阀箱、闸门室65.charge pump 灌注泵66.check valve 止回阀、单向阀67.choke 节流器、阻流器68.choke line 节流管线、阻流管线69.choke position indicator 节流阀位置指示器70.choke valve 节流阀71.choke-line manifold 节流管汇、阻流管汇72.clutch 离合器73.conductor 导管74.cone 牙轮75.cone fisher 牙轮打捞器76.cone lock 牙轮卡死77.cooling-water pump 冷却水泵78.core barrel shoe 取心筒鞋79.core basket 取心爪80.core bit 取心钻头81.core catcher 岩心爪82.core catcher case 岩心爪外套83.core drying oven 岩心烘箱84.crossover joint （X/O）转换接头85.crown block 天车、定滑轮86.crown block beam 天车梁87.dead line 死绳88.dead line diaphragm死绳固定器膜片89.dead line anchor 死绳固定器90.degasser 除气器91.derrick 井架92.desander 除砂器93.direct current drive 直流电驱动94.discharge line 排出管线95.discharge valve 排出阀96.double ram type preventer 双闸板防喷器97.down hole tool 入井工具98.draw works绞车99.draw works motor 绞车电机100.drift mandrel 通径规101.drill collar 钻铤102.drill collar slip 钻铤卡瓦103.drill pipe 钻杆104.drill pipe slip 钻杆卡瓦105.drill pipe wiper 钻杆刮泥器106.drill string 钻柱107.driller's console 司钻控制台108.driller's monitor 司钻监视器109.drilling line （work line）钻井大绳110.TIW valve 安全阀(TexasIron Works)111.drive shaft 驱动轴112.driven shaft 从动轴113.driving chain 传动链条114.drum 滚筒115.drum capacity 滚筒容绳量116.drum clutch 滚筒离合器117.drum high air clutch 滚筒高速离合器118.drum low air clutch 滚筒低速离合器119.DV collar 分级箍120.eddy current brake 涡磁刹车121.elevator 吊卡122.elevator link 吊卡耳环123.casing spider套管卡盘124.emergency jaw clutch 应急牙嵌离合器125.equalizing yoke （刹带）平衡梁126.external cutter 外割刀127.external calliper 外卡钳128.eye plate 吊耳、眼板129.eye splice 绳套、接环、琵琶头130.fill up line 灌泥浆管线131.filtration test apparatus 失水测定仪132.finger board 指梁133.fishing hook 打捞钩134.fishing head 打捞头135.fishing jars 打捞震击器136.fishing neck 打捞颈137.fishing nipple 打捞公锥138.fishing operation 打捞操作（作业）139.fishing socket 打捞母锥140.fishing spear 打捞矛141.fishing string 打捞管柱142.fishing tap （taper）打捞公锥143.fishing tool 打捞工具144.flange 法兰145.flat（round ，Square）file 扁（圆、方）锉146.flat bit tongs 扁嘴钳（电工用）147.flat bottom mill 平底磨鞋148.flexible joint 挠性接头149.float shoe 浮鞋150.float valve 浮阀151.floating collar 浮鞋152.four-way valve 四通阀153.free point indicator 卡点测定仪154.full hole joint 贯眼钻杆接头155.funnel viscometer 漏斗粘度计156.gas holder （tank）储气筒、储气罐157.gate 大门158.gate valve 闸板阀159.goose neck pipe 鹅颈管160.hammer 铁锤、榔头161.heavy weight drill pipe 加重钻杆162.heavy wall drill pipe 厚壁钻杆163.high pressure line 高压管线164.hole opener 扩眼器165.hook 大钩166.hook spring 大钩弹簧167.hose 水龙带168.hydraulic break-out cylinder 卸扣液缸169.hydraulic catwork 液压猫头170.hydraulic pump 液压泵171.hydraulic reservoir 液压油箱172.hydraulic tong 液压大钳173.hydraulic valve 液动阀174.hydraulic （pressure）testpump 液动试压泵175.hydraulic-powered winch 液压绞车176.inertia 惯性177.inertia brake 惯性刹车178.inlet 入口179.inner core barrel 内岩心筒180.intermediate casing 中间（技术）套管181.internal blowout preventer 钻柱内防喷器182.internal callipers 内卡钳183.internal - external upset 内外加厚184.internal flush joint 内平钻杆接头185.jar 震击器186.jaw clutch 牙嵌离合器187.joint 接头，（钻杆）单根188.junk basket 打捞篮189.junk catcher 打捞爪，一把抓190.junk sub 打捞杯191.Kelly bushing 方（钻杆）补心192.Kelly cock 方钻杆考克193.Kelly protective sub 方钻杆保护接头Saver sub （考克）保护接头194.Kelly spinner 方钻杆旋转短节195.key seat reamer 键槽破坏器196.kill line 压井管线197.knee pipe 弯管dder 梯子199.level 水平仪（尺）200.lifting plug 提升丝堵201.lifting sub 提升短节202.line reeving 滑车装绳数203.liner 缸套204.liner 尾管205.lock bolt 锁紧螺栓206.locking flange 锁紧法兰207.low pressure line 低压管线208.lube oil pump 润滑油泵209.lubrication hole 加油孔210.magnetic fishing tool 磁力打捞工具211.break out cathead 卸扣猫头212.make up cathead 上扣猫头213.manual drill 手摇钻214.manual valve 手动阀215.master bushing 转盘大补心ling shoe 铣鞋ling tool 铣具218.mixing hopper ['hɔpə]混合漏斗219.mixing pump 混合泵220.monkey board 猴台221.motor 电机，马达222.mouse hole 小鼠洞/rat hole大鼠洞223.mud balance 泥浆比重计224.mud cleaner 泥浆清洁器225.mud ditch 泥浆槽226.mud guard 挡泥板227.mud gun 泥浆枪228.mud pump 泥浆泵229.mud relief valve 泥浆泵安全阀230.mud return line 泥浆返出管线231.mud pit 泥浆池232.nail 钉子233.near –bit stabilizer 近钻头扶正器234.needle valve 针型阀235.nigger – head 扳手加长套筒236.nipper 镊子、夹子237.non –magnetic drilling collar非磁钻铤238.normal close valve 常闭阀239.normal open valve 常开阀240.nozzle 水眼、喷嘴241.nut 螺帽242.nut bolt 带帽螺栓243.nut spinner 自动螺母扳手244.oil level 油位245.oil level check plug 油位检查丝堵246.oil tank 油柜247.oil – level dipstick （量）油尺248.open – ended spanner 开口扳手249.outer core barrel 外岩心筒250.outlet 出口251.paint brush 油漆刷252.pilot bit 领眼钻头253.pin 公扣254.pin 销子255.pincers 钳子、夹子256.pinch bar 撬杆、撬棍257.piston 活塞258.piston cup 活塞皮碗259.piston rod 活塞杆260.pliers 手钳子、老虎钳261.plug valve 旋塞阀262.pneumatic tool 气动工具263.Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥、普通水泥264.power slip 动力卡瓦265.power supply unit 动力供应装置266.power tong 动力大钳267.power wrench 动力扳手268.pressure snubbing tank 缓冲罐269.production casing 生产套管270.pulley 滑轮271.pump – out reversing sub 反循环接头272.pup pipe joint 短钻杆273.quick connection 快速连接274.ramp （井架大门处）坡道catwalk 猫道275.rat hole 大鼠洞276.regular tool joint 正规钻杆接头277.regulator valve 调节阀278.relief line 放压管线279.retainer ring （support ring）承托环280.reverse circulation valve 反循环阀281.reverse circulation junkbasket 反循环打捞篮282.reverse circulation port 反循环孔283.reverse gear 倒档齿轮284.reversing tool 倒扣（打捞）工具285.ring gasket 钢圈、垫环286.ring spanner 梅花扳手287.rivet 铆钉288.rotary table 转盘289.rotary table motor 转盘电机290.rotary table motor blower 转盘电机风机291.safety clamp （slips）安全卡瓦292.safety joint 安全接头293.safety stop 安全限位挡块294.safety switch 安全开关295.safety – strap （belt）安全带296.sand reel 捞砂滚筒297.screen cloth 筛布298.screw 螺钉299.screw driver 螺丝刀300.seamless pipe 无缝钢管301.setback 立根盒302.setback capacity 立根盒容量303.settling pit 沉砂池304.shaft 轴305.shale shaker 振动筛306.shock absorber 减震器307.side door elevator 侧开门吊卡308.single joint elevator 单根吊卡309.single ram type preventer 单闸板防喷器310.slide rule 计算尺311.slide tongs 管钳312.sling 吊索313.slip 卡瓦314.slip bushing 卡瓦补心315.slip the drilling line 滑移钻井大绳316.slip dog 卡瓦牙板317.slip groove 卡瓦槽318.slip insert 卡瓦牙319.（bowl）slip socket 卡瓦打捞筒320.slip socket bowl 卡瓦打捞筒的锥形座321.socket 套筒扳手、插座322.spider 卡盘323.spiral drill collar 螺旋钻铤324.spud spear 钢丝绳打捞钩325.spudding bit 开眼钻头326.stab – in cementing 插入式注水泥327.stabbing board 对扣台（下套管用）328.stabilizer 扶正器329.stainless steel 不锈钢330.stand pipe 立管331.stinger 插入头332.stinger strings （内管）注水泥管柱333.stud 双头螺栓、柱螺栓334.stud bolt 双头螺栓335.stuffing box 盘根盒336.sub 接头337.suction line 吸入管线338.suction valve 吸入阀339.surface casing 表层套管340.swivel 水龙头341.tape measure（tapeline）卷尺342.tee 三通343.thread 丝扣344.thread dope 丝扣油345.thread protector 护丝346.three – cone bit 三牙轮钻头347.tong 大钳348.tong bucket 大钳平衡器349.tong dies 大钳牙板350.tong head 钳头351.tong mark 大钳刻痕352.tong space 接头上打大钳处353.tool joint 工具接头354.tool steel 工具钢355.top （bottom）plug 顶（底）塞356.top of the cement 水泥面357.TOTCO ring baffle plate 陶特测斜仪承托环358.traveling block 游车359.trip tank 泥浆计量罐、补给罐360.two way valve 两通阀361.V – door 井架大门362.valve 阀门、凡尔363.solenoid valve 电磁阀[' səulinɔid]364.valve body 阀体365.valve bonnet 阀盖、阀帽366.valve cup （seat）阀座367.valve face 阀面368.valve level 阀杆369.valve seal 阀密封370.valve seat grab起阀座器371.valve spring 阀弹簧372.vernier ['və:niə] 灵敏指针、游标vernier caliper游标卡尺373.vice （=vise）台钳、老虎钳、副的374.wall hook 壁钩375.wash pipe 冲管376.wear bushing 耐磨补心、防磨衬套377.well – head equipment 井口装置378.whip stock 造斜器、斜向器379.wing stabilizer 翼型扶正器二、钻井作业有关词语1.type “L”connection “L”型接头2.ahead water 先行水3.annular velocity 环空流速4.apparent viscosity 表观粘度5.back off 倒扣、卸扣6.back pressure 回压7.back up attachment 打好背钳8.ball up 泥包9.ballast water 压载舱10.behind water 尾水11.Bingham model 宾汉模式12.bit cost钻头成本13.bit diameter 钻头直径14.bit footage 钻头进尺15.bit IADC code 钻头IADC编码16.bit life 钻头寿命17.bit position 钻头位置18.bit series number 钻头系列号19.bit teeth 钻头齿20.bit time 钻时21.bit type 钻头类型22.bit wear 钻头磨损23.blow job 吹扫作业24.blow line 扫线用管线25.blowing pressure 吹扫压力26.blowout 井喷27.blowout control 防喷28.blowout control equipment 防喷设备29.BOP handling 装卸防喷器30.bottom fill 沉砂31.bottom – hole pressure 井底压力32.box – box connection 双母接头33.casing program 套管程序34.casing size 套管尺寸35.cationic surface active agent 阳离子表面活性剂cationic [,kætai'ɔnik] 阳离子的36.caustic soda 烧碱37.cement bond 水泥胶结38.cement channeling 水泥窜槽39.cement failure 固井失败40.cement flush 水泥冲洗41.cement slurry 水泥浆42.cementing formulation 固井配方43.circulation 循环44.clay base mud 粘土基泥浆45.control drilling 控制钻井46.coring sample 岩心取样47.corrosion 腐蚀48.critical velocity 临界速度49.crown block protection天车防碰装置50.crown block saver 天车防碰装置51.cut off drilling line 切割钻井大绳52.dangerous objects 危险品53.degasser efficiency 除气器效率54.detergent [di'tə:dʒənt] 清洁剂；去垢剂55.deviation survey 井斜测量56.differential pressure sticking 压差卡钻57.directional drilling 定向钻井58.directional well 定向井59.dog leg 狗腿60.dog leg ratio 狗腿率61.down time 停工时间62.drifting 通径63.drilling assembly 钻具组合64.drilling break 钻井突变65.drilling contractor 钻井承包商66.drilling cost 钻井成本67.drilling hours 钻进时间68.drilling operation 钻井作业69.drilling program 钻井程序70.drilling report 钻井报表71.drilling daily report 钻井日报72.drilling water 钻井水73.dull bit grading 钝钻头分级74.dyna – drill 戴纳钻具75.emulsifying agent 乳化剂76.erode out刺坏[i'rəud]77.evaluation well 评价井78.exploratory well 初探井79.fatigue limit 疲劳极限80.fill – up float shoe 自动灌浆浮鞋81.filter cake 泥饼82.filtration –reducing agent 降失水剂83.flocculation 絮凝作用[flɔkju'leiʃən]84.flowing pressure 流动压力85.fluid loss 失水86.formation 地层87.formation test 地层测试88.formation water 地层水89.fresh water 淡水、清水90.function test 功能试验91.gas content 含气量92.gas cut 气侵93.gas in mud泥浆中天然气含量94.gas reservoir 气层、气藏95.gas showing 气体显示96.hard formation 硬地层97.hole size 井眼尺寸98.hole straightening 井眼纠斜99.hook load 大钩负荷100.hook position 大钩位置101.initial gel strength初切力102.inner string cementing 内管注水泥103.level indicator液面指示器104.surface active agent表面活性剂105.Kelly down （in）方入106.Kelly down depth 方入深度107.Kelly up 方余108.key seating sticking 键槽卡钻109.kick 井涌110.kick control 井涌控制111.kill well 压井y down the drill pipe 甩钻杆113.leak-off test 漏失试验114.left – hand J – slot 左旋“J”型槽g time 迟到时间116.low solid mud 低固相泥浆117.maximum pressure 最小压力118.maximum speed 最大速度119.mean sea level 平均海平面120.mean tide level 平均潮位121.mud additive 泥浆添加剂122.mud column 泥浆柱123.mud conditioning 泥浆处理124.mud conditioning materials 泥浆处理材料125.mud line 泥线、泥浆管线126.mud logging 泥浆录井127.mud volume 泥浆量（体积）128.no leak 不漏129.no return 无返出130.nozzle efficiency （喷嘴）水眼效率131.nozzle size （喷嘴）水眼尺寸132.off – bottom 离开井底133.offshore 海上、近海的134.oil leak 漏油135.oil reservoir pressure 油层压力136.oil resistant gum 耐油橡胶137.oil seal 油封138.oil shale 油页岩139.oil base mud 油基泥浆140.on bottom 接触井底141.open hole 裸眼142.operator 作业者143.overpull 过提、遇卡144.overtonging上扣过紧145.pendulum bottom hole assembly 钟摆钻具组合（pendulum ['pendjuləm]钟摆）146.penetration rate 机械钻速147.plastic viscosity 塑性粘度（PV）148.plastic 塑料149.plugging back 水泥回堵150.pressure loss in pipe 管内压降151.pressure test 压力试验152.pump down plug 泵入水泥塞153.pump efficiency 泵效154.pump pressure 泵压155.pump speed 泵速156.pump stroke 泵冲157.rated flow 额定流量158.reaming 划眼159.record 记录160.recording paper 记录纸161.releasing spear 松开捞矛162.retarder 缓凝剂163.reverse circulation 反循环164.rig floor 钻台165.rotary speed 转盘转速166.run casing 下套管167.running time 运转时间168.running tool 下入工具169.sand bridge 砂桥170.saturated salt –water mud 饱和盐水泥浆171.sea sick 晕船172.seawater mud 海水泥浆173.setting slip 坐卡瓦174.shallow gas 浅层气175.shaly sand 泥质砂岩、粘土质砂176.short trip 短起下177.shut – in 关井178.shut – in casing pressure 关井套压179.shut –in drill pipe pressure 关井钻杆压力180.sick leave 请病假181.side tracking 侧钻182.slip drilling line 滑移（倒）大绳183.sloughing，caving （井壁）坍塌184.soda 苏打、碳酸钠185.soft formation 软地层186.solid content 固相含量187.spud in 开钻188.spud mud 开钻泥浆189.squeeze cement 挤水泥190.stage cementing 分级注水泥191.stand - by 待命，待机192.stand – by rate 待机费率193.start up （pump）启动（泵）194.static pressure 静压195.sticking 卡钻196.sticking point 卡点197.stroke （泵）冲198.swab pressure 抽吸压力199.swabbing 抽吸200.table height 转盘高度201.table torque 转盘扭矩202.test paper 试纸203.thickening time 稠化时间204.thread alternating 错扣205.thread making 造扣206.thread off 脱扣207.thread slipping 滑扣208.tight hole 缩径井眼209.tong torque 大钳扭矩210.trip 起下钻211.tripping time起下钻时间212.troubles 事故213.vertical depth 垂深214.viscosifier 增粘剂215.wait on cementing 候凝216.wall thickness 壁厚217.wash down 开泵循环下放218.wash out section 冲洗井段219.water hammer （泥浆泵）水击220.weight on bit 钻压221.weighting materials 加重材料222.well head flow pressure 井口流压223.well location 井位224.wiper trip 通井225.working instruction 作业指令226.working pressure 工作压力227.auger drill string 螺旋钻钻柱三、动力设备、辅助设备及救生设备1.crane boom 吊车吊臂、扒杆2.anchor 锚3.anchor boat 抛锚船4.anemometer [,æni'mɔmitə] 风速仪5.barite 重晶石6.barometer[bə'rɔmitə] 气压计7.bentonite ['bentənait] 膨润土，斑脱土8.boiler 锅炉9.BOP drill 防喷演习10.CO2 hand portable fireextinguisher 手提式11.CO2_---Carbon DioxideCO2灭火器pressor 空压机13.condenser [kən'densə] 冷凝器14.deck 甲板15.diesel engine 柴油机16.draft line 吃水线17.electrical motor 电动机18.engine exhaust line 排烟管19.engine oil 机油20.escape breathing apparatus 逃生呼吸器21.facsimile [fæk'simili] 传真；复写22.fire alarm system 消防报警系统23.fire drill 消防演习24.fire escape 太平门25.fire hatchet 消防斧26.fire line 消防管线27.fire mask 消防面罩28.fireman's suit 消防服29.first – aid equipment 急救设备30.first – aid kit 急救箱31.foam fire extinguisher system 泡沫灭火系统32.fuel （diesel oil）燃油（柴油）33.gas mask 防毒面具34.generator 发电机35.grinder ['ɡraində] 砂轮机36.H2S gas detection system 硫化氢气体检测系统（H2S -- hydrogen sulfide ）37.heat exchanger 热交换器38.heating coil 加热盘管39.helicopter port 直升机平台40.inflatable life raft 可膨胀式救生筏41.jack house 升降室42.jacking 升降船43.jacking system 升降系统ntern ['læntən] 信号灯、信号the 车床46.leg 桩腿47.life buoy 救生筏48.life jacket 救生衣49.lifeboat 救生艇50.lighting 照明51.liquid level alarm 水位报警器52.location buoy 定位浮标53.manhole 人孔，检修孔54.manhole cover 55.marker lamp 指示灯、标志灯56.membrane ['membrein]pump隔膜泵57.mooring system 锚泊系统58.motor oil 马达油59.navigation lights 航行灯60.no load 空载、空车61.obstruction light 障碍灯62.overload 超载63.pit drill 泥浆池测定演习、防喷演习64.portable 1211 extinguisher 手提式1211灭火器65.portable dry powder fireextinguisher 手提式干粉灭火器66.potable water （fresh water）生活水（淡水）67.preload water 压载水68.preloading 压载69.ventilation [,venti'leiʃən] 通风设备70.rope ladder 软（绳）梯71.rosette [rəu'zet] 接线盒、插座72.safety net 安全网73.sanitary ['sænitəri] line 卫生管线74.seawater distillation unit 海水（蒸馏）淡化装置reverse osmosis[ɔz'məusis]desalination [di:,sæli'neiʃən]device反渗透海水淡化装置75.seawater line 海水管线76.separator 分离器77.stand – by boat 值班船78.stretcher 担架79.submerged pump 潜水泵80.survival suit 救生服81.telephone 电话82.teletype 电传打字机83.telex发电传，电传打字电报84.test run 试运转、试车85.thermometer [θə'mɔmitə]温度计86.thyristor [θai'ristə] 硅控整流可控硅87.timer 计时器、秒表88.torch 气焊、火炬89.towing line 拖缆90.transceiver 无线电收发机91.transformer 变压器92.typewriter 打字机93.unload 卸载94.variable load 可变载荷95.vent hole 通风孔、排气孔96.welding electrode 电焊条97.windlass 绞盘、锚机、卷扬机98.work life jacket 工作救生衣四、各种仪表及传感器1.air pressure gauge 气压计2.flow alarm 流量报警器3.flowing indicator 流量指示器4.flow meter 流量计5.mud flow meter 泥浆流量计6.mud volume indicator 泥浆体积指示器7.oil pressure gauge 油压表8.pit level meter 泥浆池液位计17.weight indicator 指重表9.position indicator 位置指示器10.pressure gauge 压力表11.pump stroke counter 泵冲数计数器12.pump stroke indicator 泵冲数指示器13.pump stroke sensor 泵冲传感器14.rotary speed indicator 转盘转数表15.rotary torque indicator 转盘扭矩表16.sensitivity 灵敏度。

chemical-reaction-engineeri ng-3ed-edition作者-octave-Levenspiel-课后习题答案Corresponding Solutions for Chemical Reaction EngineeringCHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING (1)CHAPTER 2 KINETICS OF HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS (3)CHAPTER 3 INTERPRETATION OF BATCH REACTOR DATA (7)CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO REACTOR DESIGN (20)CHAPTER 5 IDEAL REACTOR FOR A SINGLE REACTOR (23)CHAPTER 6 DESIGN FOR SINGLE REACTIONS (27)CHAPTER 10 CHOOSING THE RIGHT KIND OF REACTOR (34)CHAPTER 11 BASICS OF NON-IDEAL FLOW (36)CHAPTER 18 SOLID CATALYZED REACTIONS (45)Chapter 1 Overview of Chemical Reaction Engineering1.1 Municipal waste water treatment plant. Consider a municipal water treatment plant for a small community (Fig.P1.1). Waste water, 32000 m 3/day, flows through the treatment plant with a mean residence time of 8 hr, air is bubbled through the tanks, and microbes in the tank attack and break down the organic material (organic waste) +O 2 −−−→−microbes CO 2 + H 2OA typical entering feed has a BOD (biological oxygen demand) of 200 mg O 2/liter, while the effluent has a megligible BOD. Find the rate of reaction, or decrease in BOD in the treatment tanks.Figure P1.1Solution:)/(1017.2)/(75.183132/100010001)0200()(313200031320001343333s m mol day m mol day molgm L mg g L mg day day m dayday m VdtdN r A A ⋅⨯=⋅=-⨯⨯⨯-⨯-=-=--1.2 Coal burning electrical power station. Large central power stations (about 1000 MW electrical) using fluiding bed combustors may be built some day (see Fig.P1.2). These giants would be fed 240 tons of coal/hr (90% C, 10%H 2), 50% of which would burn within the battery of primary fluidized beds, the other 50% elsewhere in the system. One suggested design would use a battery of 10 fluidized beds, each 20 m long, 4 m wide, and containing solids to a depth of 1 m. Find the rate of reaction within theWaste Waste Clean200 mgMean residenZerobeds, based on the oxygen used.Solution:380010)1420(m V =⨯⨯⨯=)/(9000101089.05.01024033hr bed molc hrkgckgcoal kgc hr coal t N c ⋅-=⨯-=⨯⨯⨯-=∆∆ )/(25.111900080011322hr m kmolO t N V r r c c O ⋅=-⨯-=∆∆-=-=)/(12000412000190002hr bed mol dt dO ⋅=+⨯= )/(17.4800)/(105.113422s m mol hr bed mol dt dO V r O ⋅=⋅⨯==-Chapter 2 Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions2.1 A reaction has the stoichiometric equation A + B =2R . What is the order of reaction?Solution: Because we don’t know whether it is an elementary reaction or not, we can’t tell the index of the reaction.2.2 Given the reaction 2NO 2 + 1/2 O 2 = N 2O 5 , what is the relation between the ratesof formation and disappearance of the three reaction components? Solution: 522224O N O NO r r r =-=-2.3 A reaction with stoichiometric equation 0.5 A + B = R +0.5 S has the following rateexpression-r A = 2 C 0.5 A C BWhat is the rate expression for this reaction if the stoichiometric equation is written asA + 2B = 2R + SSolution: No change. The stoichiometric equation can’t effect the rate equation, so it doesn’t change.2.4 For the enzyme-substrate reaction of Example 2, the rate of disappearance ofsubstrate is given by-r A =A06]][[1760C E A + , mol/m 3·sWhat are the units of the two constants? Solution: ][]6[]][][[][03A A C E A k s m mol r +=⋅=- 3/][]6[m mol C A ==∴sm mol m mol m mol s m mol k 1)/)(/(/][3333=⋅⋅=2.5 For the complex reaction with stoichiometry A + 3B → 2R + S and withsecond-order rate expression-r A = k 1[A][B]are the reaction rates related as follows: r A = r B = r R ? If the rates are not so related, then how are they related? Please account for the sings , + or - .Solution: R B A r r r 2131=-=-2.6 A certain reaction has a rate given by-r A = 0.005 C 2 A , mol/cm 3·min If the concentration is to be expressed in mol/liter and time in hours, what wouldbe the value and units of the rate constant?Solution:min)()(3'⋅⨯-=⋅⨯-cm molr hr L mol r A A 22443'300005.0106610)(minAA A A A C C r r cm mol mol hr L r =⨯⨯=⋅⨯=-⋅⋅⋅=-∴ AA A A A C C cmmol mol L C cmmolC L mol C 33'3'10)()(=⋅⋅=∴⨯=⨯2'42'32'103)10(300300)(AA A A C C C r --⨯=⨯==-∴ 4'103-⨯=∴k2.7 For a gas reaction at 400 K the rate is reported as -dtdp A= 3.66 p 2 A , atm/hr (a) What are the units of the rate constant?(b) What is the value of the rate constant for this reaction if the rate equation isexpressed as-r A = - dtdN V A1 = k C2 A , mol/m 3·s Solution:(a) The unit of the rate constant is ]/1[hr atm ⋅ (b) dtdN V r AA 1-=-Because it’s a gas reaction occuring at the fined terperatuse, so V=constant, and T=constant, so the equation can be reduced to22)(66.366.3)(1RT C RTP RT dt dP RT dt dP VRT V r A A A A A ==-=-=-22)66.3(A A kC C RT ==So we can get that the value of1.12040008205.066.366.3=⨯⨯==RT k2.9 The pyrolysis of ethane proceeds with an activation energy of about 300 kJ/mol.How much faster the decomposition at 650℃ than at 500℃?Solution:586.7)92311731()10/(314.8/300)11(3211212=-⋅⋅=-==KK K mol kJ mol kJ T T R E k k Ln r r Ln7.197012=∴r r2.11 In the mid-nineteenth century the entomologist Henri Fabre noted that French ants (garden variety) busily bustled about their business on hot days but were rather sluggish on cool days. Checking his results with Oregon ants, I findRunning speed, m/hr150160230295370Temperatu re, ℃13 16 22 24 28 What activation energy represents this change in bustliness? Solution:RTE RTE RTE ek eak t cons ion concentrat f let ion concentrat f ek r ---=⋅⋅=⋅='00tan )()(RET Lnk Lnr A 1'-=∴ Suppose Tx Lnr y A 1,==, so ,REslope -= intercept 'Lnk =)/(1-⋅h m r A 150 160 230 295 370 A Lnr-3.1780 -3.1135 -2.7506 -2.5017 -2.2752CT o / 13 16 22 24 28 3101-⨯T3.4947 3.4584 3.3881 3.3653 3.3206-y = 5417.9x - 15.686R2 = 0.9712340.00330.003350.00340.003450.00351/T-L n r-y = -5147.9 x + 15.686Also K REslope 9.5147-=-=, intercept 'Lnk == 15.686 , mol kJ K mol J K E /80.42)/(3145.89.5147=⋅⨯-=Chapter 3 Interpretation of Batch Reactor Data3.1 If -r A = - (dC A /dt) =0.2 mol/liter·sec when C A = 1 mol/liter, what is the rate ofreaction when C A = 10 mol/liter? Note: the order of reaction is not known.Solution: Information is not enough, so we can’t answer this kind of question.3.2 Liquid a sedomposes by first-order kinetics, and in a batch reactor 50% of A isconverted in a 5-minute run. How much longer would it take to reach 75% conversion?Solution: Because the decomposition of A is a 1st -order reaction, so we can express the rate equation as:A A kC r =-We know that for 1st -order reaction, kt C C LnAAo=, 11kt C C LnA Ao =, 22kt C CLn A Ao = Ao A C C 5.01=, Ao A C C 25.02=So 21)24(1)(11212Ln kLn Ln k C C Ln C C Ln k t t A Ao A Ao =-=-=- equ(1) min 521)(111===Ln kC C Ln k t A Ao equ(2) So m in 5112==-t t t3.3 Repeat the previous problem for second-order kinetics. Solution: We know that for 2nd -order reaction, kt C C A A =-011, So we have two equations as follow:min 511211101k kt C C C C C AoAo Ao A A ===-=-, equ(1)2123)1(31411kt kt C C C C C AoAo Ao Ao A ===-=-, equ(2) So m in 15312==t t , m in 1012=-t t3.4 A 10-minute experimental run shows that 75% of liquid reactant is converted to product by a 21-order rate. What would be the fraction converted in a half-hour run?Solution: In a-21order reaction: 5.0AA A kC dt dC r =-=-, After integration, we can get:5.015.02A Ao C C kt -=, So we have two equations as follow:min)10(5.0)41(15.05.05.05.015.0k kt C C C C C Ao Ao AoA Ao ===-=-, equ(1) min)30(25.025.0k kt C C A Ao ==-, equ(2)Combining these two equations, we can get:25.05.1kt C Ao =, but this means 05.02<A C , whichis impossible, so we can conclude that less than half hours, all the reactant is consumed up. So the fraction converted 1=A X .3.5 In a hmogeneous isothermal liquid polymerization, 20% of the monomer disappears in 34 minutes for initial monomer concentration of 0.04 and also for 0.8 mol/liter. What rate equation represents the disappearance of the monomer?Solution: The rate of reactant is independent of the initial concentration of monomers, so we know the order of reaction is first-order,monomer monomer kC r =-And k C C Lnoomin)34(8.0= 1min 00657.0-=kmonomer monomer C r )min 00657.0(1-=-3.6 After 8 minutes in a batch reactor, reactant (C A0 = 1 mol/liter) is 80% converted; after 18 minutes, conversion is 90%. Find a rate equation to represent this reaction. Solution:In 1st order reaction, 43.1511111111212==--=Ln Ln X Lnk X Ln k t t A A , dissatisfied.In 2nd order reaction, 49/4/912.0111.01)11(1)11(11212==--=--=Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao A Ao A C C C C C C C C k C C k t t, satisfied.According to the information, the reaction is a 2nd -order reaction.3.7 nake-Eyes Magoo is a man of habit. For instance, his Friday evenings are all alike —into the joint with his week’s salary of ＄180, steady gambling at “2-up” for two hours, then home to his family leaving ＄45 behind. Snake Eyes’s betting pattern is predictable. He always bets in amounts proportional to his cash at hand, and his losses are also predictable —at a rate proportional to his cash at hand. This week Snake-Eyes received a raise in salary, so he played for three hours, but as usual went home with ＄135. How much was his raise? Solution:180=Ao n , 13=A n , h t 2=,135'=A n , h t 3;=, A A kn r α-So we obtain kt n n LnAAo=, ''')()(tn n Ln t n n Ln AAo A Ao= 3135213180'Ao n Ln Ln =, 28'=An3.9 The first-order reversible liquid reactionA ↔ R , C A0 = 0.5 mol/liter, C R0=0takes place in a batch reactor. After 8 minutes, conversion of A is 33.3% while equilibrium conversion is 66.7%. Find the equation for the this reaction. Solution: Liquid reaction, which belongs to constant volume system,1st order reversible reaction, according to page56 eq. 53b, we obtain121112102110)(1)(-+-+=+-==⎰⎰AX A A tX k k k k Lnk k X k k k dX dt t Amin 8sec 480==t , 33.0=A X , so we obtain eq(1)33.0)(1min8sec 480211121k k k k Ln k k +-+= eq(1) Ae AeAe c X X M C C k k K -+===1Re 21, 0==AoRo C C M , so we obtain eq(2) 232132121=-=-==AeAe c X X k k K ,212k k =∴ eq(2)Combining eq(1) and eq(2), we obtain1412sec 108.4m in 02888.0---⨯==k 14121sec 1063.9m in 05776.02---⨯===k kSo the rate equation is )(21A Ao A AA C C k C k dtdC r --=-=- )(sec 1063.9sec 108.401414A A A C C C -⨯-⨯=----3.10 Aqueous A reacts to form R (A→R) and in the first minute in a batch reactor itsconcentration drops from C A0 = 2.03 mol/liter to C Af = 1.97 mol/liter. Find the rate equation from the reaction if the kinetics are second-order with respect to A.Solution: It’s a irreversible second -order reaction system, according to page44 eq 12, we obtainmin 103.2197.111⋅=-k , so min015.01⋅=mol Lkso the rate equation is 21)min 015.0(A A C r -=-3.15 At room temperature sucrose is hydrolyzed by the catalytic action of the enzymesucrase as follows:Aucrose −−→−sucraseproductsStarting with a sucrose concentration C A0 = 1.0 millimol/liter and an enzyme concentrationC E0= 0.01 millimol/liter, the following kinetic data are obtained in a batch reactor (concentrations calculated from optical rotation measurements):Determine whether these data can be reasonably fitted by a knietic equation of the Michaelis-Menten type, or-r A =MA E A C C C C k +03 where C M = Michaelis constantIf the fit is reasonable, evaluate the constants k 3 and C M . Solve by the integral method.Solution: Solve the question by the integral method:AA M A A Eo A A C k Ck C C C C k dt dC r 5431+=+=-=-, M Eo C C k k 34=, MC k 15= AAo A Ao A Ao C C C C Lnk k k C C t -⋅+=-4451hrt ,AC ,mmol /L A Ao AAo C C C C Ln-AAo C C t -1 0.84 1.0897 6.25 20.681.20526.25C A , millimol /liter0.84 0.68 0.53 0.38 0.27 0.16 0.09 0.04 0.018 0.006 0.0025t,hr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 113 0.53 1.3508 6.38304 0.38 1.5606 6.45165 0.27 1.7936 6.8493 6 0.16 2.1816 7.14287 0.09 2.6461 7.69238 0.04 3.3530 8.33339 0.018 4.0910 9.1650 10 0.006 5.1469 10.0604 110.00256.006511.0276Suppose y=A Ao C C t-, x=AAo A Ao C C C C Ln-, thus we obtain such straight line graphy = 0.9879x + 5.0497R 2 = 0.99802468101201234567Ln(Cao/Ca)/(Cao-Ca)t /(C a o -C a )9879.0134===Eo M C k C k Slope , intercept=0497.545=k k So )/(1956.00497.59879.015L mmol k C M ===, 14380.1901.09879.01956.0-=⨯==hr C C k k Eo M3.18 Enzyme E catalyzes the transformation of reactant A to product R as follows: A −−→−enzyme R, -r A =min22000⋅+liter molC C C A E AIf we introduce enzyme (C E0 = 0.001 mol/liter) and reactant (C A0 = 10mol/liter) into a batch rector and let the reaction proceed, find the time needed for the concentration of reactant to drop to 0.025 mol/liter. Note that the concentration of enzyme remains unchanged during the reaction.. Solution:510001.020021+=⨯+=-=-AA A A A C C C dC dt r Rearranging and integrating, we obtain:10025.0025.0100)(510)510(⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-+=+-==⎰⎰A Ao A Ao A A tC C C C Ln dC C dt t min 79.109)(5025.01010=-+=A Ao C C Ln3.20 M.Hellin and J.C. Jungers, Bull. soc. chim. France, 386(1957), present the data in Table P3.20 on thereaction of sulfuric acid with diethylsulfate in a aqueous solution at22.9℃:H 2SO 4 + (C 2H 5)2SO 4 → 2C 2H 5SO 4HInitial concentrations of H 2SO 4 and (C 2H 5)2SO 4 are each 5.5 mol/liter. Find a rate equation for this reaction.Table P3.20 t, minC 2H 5SO 4H , mol/li ter t, minC 2H 5SO 4H , mol/li ter1804.1141 1.18 194 4.31 48 1.38 212 4.45 55 1.63 267 4.86 75 2.24 318 5.15 96 2.75 368 5.32 127 3.31 379 5.35 146 3.76 410 5.42 1623.81∞(5.80)Solution: It’s a constant -volume system, so we can use X A solving the problem: i) We postulate it is a 2nd order reversible reaction system R B A 2⇔+ The rate equation is: 221R B A A A C k C C k dtdC r -=-=- L mol C C Bo Ao /5.5==, )1(A Ao A X C C -=, A A Ao Bo B C X C C C =-=, A Ao R X C C 2=When ∞=t , L mol X C C Ae Ao /8.52Re == So 5273.05.528.5=⨯=Ae X , L mol X C C C Ae Ao Be Ae /6.2)5273.01(5.5)1(=-⨯=-== After integrating, we obtaint C X k X X X X X LnAo AeA Ae A Ae Ae )11(2)12(1-=--- eq (1)The calculating result is presented in following Table.t,mi nLmol C R /,Lmol C A /,AXAAe AAe Ae X X X X X Ln---)12()1(AeAX X Ln -0 0 5.5 0 0 041 1.18 4.91 0.10730.2163 -0.227548 1.38 4.81 0.12540.2587 -0.271755 1.63 4.685 0.14820.3145 -0.329975 2.24 4.38 0.20360.4668 -0.488196 2.75 4.125 0.25 0.6165 -0.642712 7 3.31 3.8450.30090.8140 -0.845614 6 3.76 3.620.34181.0089 -1.044916 2 3.81 3.5950.34641.0332 -1.069718 0 4.11 3.4450.37361.1937 -1.233119 4 4.31 3.3450.39181.3177 -1.359121 2 4.45 3.2750.40451.4150 -1.4578267 4.86 3.07 0.4418 1.7730 -1.8197 318 5.15 2.925 0.4682 2.1390 -2.1886 368 5.32 2.84 0.4836 2.4405 -2.4918 379 5.35 2.825 0.4864 2.5047 -2.5564 4105.42 2.79 0.4927 2.6731 -2.7254 ∞5.82.60.5273——Draw AAe AAe Ae X X X X X Ln---)12(~ t plot, we obtain a straight line:y = 0.0067x - 0.0276R 2= 0.998800.511.522.530100200300400500tL n0067.0)11(21=-=Ao AeC X k Slope ,min)/(10794.65.5)15273.01(20067.041⋅⨯=⨯-=∴-mol L kWhen approach to equilibrium, BeAe c C C C k k K 2Re 21==, so min)/(10364.18.56.210794.642242Re 12⋅⨯=⨯⨯==--mol L C C C k k Be Ae So the rate equation ism in)/()10364.110794.6(244⋅⨯-⨯=---L mol C C C r R B A Aii) We postulate it is a 1st order reversible reaction system, so the rate equation isR A AA C k C k dtdC r 21-=-=- After rearranging and integrating, we obtaint k X X X Ln AeAe A '11)1(=-eq (2) Draw )1(AeAX X Ln -~ t plot, we obtain another straight line: -y = 0.0068x - 0.0156R 2 = 0.998600.511.522.530100200300400500x-L n0068.0'1-==AeX k Slope ,So 13'1m in 10586.35273.00068.0--⨯-=⨯-=k133Re '1'2min 10607.18.56.210586.3---⨯-=⨯⨯-==C C k k AeSo the rate equation ism in)/()10607.110586.3(33⋅⨯+⨯-=---L mol C C r R A AWe find that this reaction corresponds to both a 1st and 2nd order reversible reaction system, by comparing eq.(1) and eq.(2), especially when X Ae =0.5 , the two equations are identical. This means these two equations would have almost the same fitness of data when the experiment data of the reaction show that X Ae =0.5.(The data that we use just have X Ae =0.5273 approached to 0.5, so it causes to this.)3.24 In the presence of a homogeneous catalyst of given concentration, aqueous reactant A is converted to product at the following rates, and C A alone determines this rate:C A ,mol/liter1 2 4 6 7 9 12-r A , mol/liter·hr0.06 0.1 0.25 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.5We plan to run this reaction in a batch reactor at the same catelyst concentration as used in getting the above data. Find the time needed to lower the concentration of A from C A0 = 10 mol/liter to C Af = 2 mol/liter.Solution: By using graphical integration method, we obtain that the shaped area is 50 hr.04812162002 4 68 10 12 14Ca-1/Ra3.31 The thermal decomposition of hydrogen iodide 2HI → H 2 + I 2is reported by M.Bodenstein [Z.phys.chem.,29,295(1899)] as follows:T,℃ 508427 393 356 283k,cm 3/mol·s0.10590.003100.00058880.9×10-60.942×10-6Find the complete rate equation for this reaction. Use units of joules, moles, cm 3,and seconds.According to Arrhenius’ Law,k = k 0e -E/R Ttransform it,- In(k) = E/R·(1/T) －In(k 0)Drawing the figure of the relationship between k and T as follows:y = 7319.1x - 11.567R 2= 0.987904812160.0010.0020.0030.0041/T-L n (k )From the figure, we getslope = E/R = 7319.1 intercept = - In(k 0) = -11.567E = 60851 J/mol k 0 = 105556 cm 3/mol·sFrom the unit [k] we obtain the thermal decomposition is second-order reaction, so the rate expression is- r A = 105556e -60851/R T ·C A 2Chapter 4 Introduction to Reactor Design4.1 Given a gaseous feed, C A0 = 100, C B0 = 200, A +B→ R + S, X A = 0.8. Find X B ,C A ,C B . Solution: Given a gaseous feed, 100=Ao C , 200=Bo C , S R B A +→+0=A X , find B X , A C , B C0==B A εε, 202.0100)1(=⨯=-=A Ao A X C C4.02008.01001=⨯⨯==Bo A Ao B C X bC X 1206.0200)1(=⨯=-=B Bo B X C C4.2 Given a dilute aqueous feed, C A0 = C B0 =100, A +2B→ R + S, C A = 20. Find X A , X B , C B .Solution: Given a dilute aqueous feed, 100==Bo Ao C C ,S R B A +→+2, 20=A C , find A X , B X , B CAqueous reaction system, so 0==B A εε When 0=A X , 200=V When 1=A X , 100=VSo 21-=A ε, 41-==Ao Bo A B bC C εε8.01002011=-=-=Ao A A C C X , 16.11008.010012>=⨯⨯=⋅=Bo A Ao B C X C a b X , which is impossible. So 1=B X , 100==Bo B C C4.3 Given a gaseous feed, C A0 =200, C B0 =100, A +B→ R, C A = 50. Find X A , X B , C B . Solution: Given a gaseous feed, 200=Ao C , 100=Bo C ,R B A →+, 50=A C .find A X , B X , B C75.02005011=-=-=Ao A A C C X , 15.1>==BoAAo B C X bC X , which is impossible. So 100==Bo B C C4.4 Given a gaseous feed, C A0 = C B0 =100, A +2B→ R, C B = 20. Find X A , X B , C A . Solution: Given a gaseous feed, 100=+Bo Ao C C ，R B A →+2, 20=Bo C , Find A X , B X , A C0=B X , 200100100=+=B A V ,1=B X 15010050=+=R A V25.0200200150-=-=B ε, 5.01002110025.0-=⨯⨯-=-A ε842.02025.010020100=⨯--=B X , 421.0100842.010021=⨯⨯=A X34.73421.05.01421.0110011=⨯--⨯=+-=A A A AoA X X C C ε4.6 Given a gaseous feed, T 0 =1000 K, π0＝5atm, C A0=100, C B0=200, A +B→5R,T =400K, π=4atm, C A =20. Find X A , X B , C B .Solution: Given a gaseous feed, K T o 1000=, atm 50=π, 100=Ao C , 200=Bo CR B A 5→+, K T 400=, atm 4=π, 20=A C , find A X , B X , B C .1300300600=-=A ε, 2==Ao Bo AB bC C a εε,5.0410********=⨯⨯=ππT T According to eq page 87,818.05.010020115.0100201110000=⨯⨯+⨯-=+-=ππεππT T C C T T C C X Ao A AAo A A409.0200818.0100=⨯==Bo A Ao B aC X bC X130818.011200)818.0100200(1)(0=⨯+⨯-=+-=A A Ao A Ao Bo B X C T T X a b C C C εππ4.7 A Commercial Popcorn Popping Popcorn Popper. We are constructing a 1-literpopcorn to be operatedin steady flow. First tests in this unit show that 1 liter/min of raw corn feed stream produces 28 liter/minof mixed exit stream. Independent tests show that when raw corn pops its volumegoes from 1 to 31.With this information determine what fraction of raw corn is popped in the unit.Solution: 301131=-=A ε, ..1u a C Ao =, ..281281u a C C Ao A ==%5.462813012811=⨯+-=+-=∴AA Ao A Ao A C C C C X εChapter 5 Ideal Reactor for a single Reactor5.1 Consider a gas-phase reaction 2A → R + 2S with unknown kinetics. If a spacevelocity of 1/min is needed for 90% conversion of A in a plug flow reactor, find the corresponding space-time and mean residence time or holding time of fluid in the plug flow reactor.Solution: min 11==sτ,Varying volume system, so t can’t be found.5.2 In an isothermal batch reactor 70% of a liquid reactant is converted in 13 min.What space-time and space-velocity are needed to effect this conversion in a plug flow reactor and in a mixed flow reactor? Solution: Liquid reaction system, so 0=A ε According to eq.4 on page 92, min 130=-=⎰AX AAAo r dC C t Eq.13, AAAo A A Ao R F M r X C r C C -=--=..τ, R F M ..τ can’t be cert ain. Eq.17, ⎰-=AX AAAo R F P r dX C 0..τ, so m in 13...==R B R F P t τ5.4 We plan to replace our present mixed flow reactor with one having double thebolume. For the same aqueous feed (10 mol A/liter) and the same feed rate find the new conversion. The reaction are represented byA → R, -r A = kC 1.5 ASolution: Liquid reaction system, so 0=A εA A Ao Ao r X C F V -==τ, 5.1)]1([)(A Ao A A Ao A Ao X C k X r C C C -=-- Now we know: V V 2=', Ao Ao F F =', Ao Ao C C =', 7.0=A X So we obtain5.15.15.15.1)1()2)1(2A Ao A A Ao A Ao Ao X kC X X kC X F VF V -='-'==''52.8)7.01(7.02)1(5.15.1=-⨯='-'∴A AX X794.0='A X5.5 An aqueous feed of A and B (400liter/min, 100 mmol A/liter, 200 mmol B/liter) isto be converted to product in a plug flow reactor. The kinetics of the reaction is represented byA +B→ R, -r A = 200C A C Bmin⋅liter molFind the volume of reactor needed for 99.9% conversion of A to product.Solution: Aqueous reaction system, so 0=A εAccording to page 102 eq.19,⎰⎰-=-==Af AfX AA X A A AoAo Ao r dX r dC C C t F V 001⎰-==AfX AAAo or dX C Vντ, m in /400liter o =ν, L r dX r dX C V AAX A A o Ao Af3.1244001.0999.000=-⨯=-=∴⎰⎰ν5.9 A specific enzyme acts as catalyst in the fermentation of reactant A. At a givenenzyme concentration in the aqueous feed stream (25 liter/min) find the volume of plug flow reactor needed for 95% conversion of reactant A (C A0 =2 mol/liter ). The kinetics of the fermentation at this enzyme concentration is given byA −−→−enzymeR , -r A = litermolC C A A ⋅+min 5.011.0Solution: P.F.R, according to page 102 eq.18, aqueous reaction, 0=ε⎰-=A X AA Ao r dX F V 0 )11(21251.05.010A AX A A A Ao X X Ln dX C C F V A+-⨯=+=∴⎰\L Ln4.986)95.005.01(125=+=5.11 Enzyme E catalyses the fermentation of substrate A (the reactant) to product R.Find the size of mixed flow reactor needed for 95% conversion of reactant in a feed stream (25 liter/min ) of reactant (2 mol/liter) and enzyme. The kinetics of the fermentation at this enzyme concentration are given byA −−→−enzyme R , -r A =litermolC C A A ⋅+min 5.011.0Solution: min /25L o =ν, L mol C Ao /2=, m in /50mol F Ao =, 95.0=A X Constant volume system, M.F.R., so we obtainmin 5.199205.05.01205.01.095.02=⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=-==AAAo or X C Vντ,39875.4min /25min 5.199m L V o =⨯==τν5.14 A stream of pure gaseous reactant A (C A0 = 660 mmol/liter) enters a plug flowreactor at a flow rate of F A0 = 540 mmol/min and polymerizes the as follows3A → R, -r A = 54min⋅liter mmolHow large a reactor is needed to lower the concentration of A in the exitstream to C Af = 330 mmol/liter?Solution: 321131-=-=A ε, 75.0660330321660330111=⨯--=+-=Ao A A Ao A A C C C C X ε 0-order homogeneous reaction, according to page 103 eq.20A Ao AoAooX C F VC kVkk ===ντ So we obtainL X k C C F V A Ao Ao Ao 5.75475.05401=⨯==5.16 Gaseous reactant A decomposes as follows:A → 3 R, -r A = (0.6min -1)C AFind the conversion of A in a 50% A – 50% inert feed (υ0 = 180 liter/min, C A0 =300 mmol/liter) to a 1 m 3 mixed flow reactor.Solution: 31m V =, M.F.R. 1224=-=A εAccording to page 91 eq.11, AAAoAAo AAAo oX X C X C r X C V+-=-==116.0ντmin/1801000)1(6.0)1(L LX X X A A A =-+=So we obtain 667.0=A XChapter 6 Design for Single Reactions6.1 A liquid reactant stream (1 mol/liter) passes through two mixed flow reactors in aseries. The concentration of A in the exit of the first reactor is 0.5 mol/liter. Find the concentration in the exit stream of the second reactor. The reaction is second-order with respect to A and V 2/V 1 =2.Solution:V 2/V 1 = 2, τ1 =011υV =A A A r C C --10 , 2τ = 022υV = 221A A A r C C --C A0=1mol/l , C A1=0.5mol/l , 0201υυ=, -r A1=kC 2 A1 ,-r A2=kC 2 A2 (2nd-order) , 2×2110A A A kC C C -=2221A A A kC C C - So we obtain 2×(1-0.5)/(k0.52)=(0.5-C A2)/(kC A22)C A2= 0.25 mol/l6.2 Water containing a short-lived radioactive species flows continuously through awell-mixed holdup tank. This gives time for the radioactive material to decay into harmless waste. As it now operates, the activity of the exit stream is 1/7 of the feed stream. This is not bad, but we’d like to lower it still more.One of our office secretaries suggests that we insert a baffle down the middle ofthe tank so that the holdup tank acts as two well-mixed tanks in series. Do you think this would help? If not, tell why; if so calculate the expected activity of the exit stream compared to the entering stream.Solution: 1st-order reaction, constant volume system. From the information offeredabout the first reaction,we obtain1τ=01100117171A A A A A A C k C C kC C C V ⋅-=-=υ If a baffle is added,022220212122212υυτττV V +=+==011υV =2222221210A A A A A A kC C C kC C C -+-=007176A A kC C =6/k …… ①。

―fail safe‖ to cold water―Feature Code‖ References―out of range‖ system failure―U‖ stampsa complete failurea differential pressure diaphragm actuated mixing unita power failurea pumped recirculationa significant pressure reductiona single-temperature locking seta thermal-shutdown featurea top outleta unique feed forward designa water seala wide range of sizesAbbott reported many Watson-McDaniel trap failures detected by AIM. They are currently replacing with Armstrong IB traps. Additionally, Abbott plans to monitor all (650) traps in facility, purchasing (75 - 100) AIM ST5700 devices over next 5 years.ability to purge systemabsolute pressureaccessories optionsaccessoryaccumulateAccumulation Chamberaccuracy and to provide redundancy in case of individual thermostatAccurate control of blended water drawn from the systemaccurate water temperaturesActivated in error modeactual gravityActuateactuatoractuator stemADAM (Armstrong Digital Account Management)Adaptable to High Ambient Temperatureadjustable maximum temperature limitAdjustable Single Temperature lockoutadjusting the mix of steam and wateradjustment keyAdministratorsAFHAFTaftercoolerAII – T.R.AIMair and CO2 venting at steam temperatureair changeAir CompressorAir Dryerair filter regulatorsair flowAir Handler Unitair handling systemair lineair loadAir LossAir MainAir Motiveair movementair must be introduced into the systemair or inert gasAir Pressureair separatorair streamair supply pressureair systemAir Temperatureair to closeair to openAir valveAir Velocityair ventairstreamAll dimensions and weights are approximate. Use certified print for exact dimensions. Design and materials are subject to change without notice.allen boltAllowable Pressureallowing no condensate backupAlternate ChoiceAluminum Flataluminum KeyfinAmbient Sensing Isolation Valveambient temperatureAmerican Chemical SocietyAmerican Gas AssociationAmerican National Standards InstituteAmerican Petroleum InstituteANCAncillaryanimationANTI-NOISE TRIMAntI-theft devicesapplicable lawaquastatArmey SteamstrongArmstrong Brand PromiseArmstrong coilsArmstrong Condensate Management GroupArmstrong core valuesArmstrong Flo-Rite-Temp Instantaneous Steam/Water Heater pre-piped packages Armstrong Flo-Rite-Temp® Instantaneous SteamArmstrong Global HoldingsArmstrong Heat Transfer GroupArmstrong hot and cold water hose stationsArmstrong Hot Water Equipment Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.Armstrong Hot Water GroupArmstrong Humidification GroupArmstrong HumidiPackArmstrong Intelligent MonitoringArmstrong InternationalArmstrong International - S.E. AsiaArmstrong International Italiana S.r.l.Armstrong International Korea Co., Ltd.Armstrong International Mexico S de RL de CVArmstrong International Mexico S de RL de CVArmstrong International Private LimitedArmstrong International S.A.Armstrong inverted bucket trapArmstrong Machinery (China) Co. LtdArmstrong Machinery (China) Co.,Ltd.Armstrong ModelArmstrong Pressure/Temperature Control GroupArmstrong PromiseArmstrong provides intelligent system solutions that improve utility performance, lower energy consumption, and reduce environment emissions while providing an "enjoyable experience." Armstrong representativeArmstrong SeriesArmstrong ServiceArmstrong Service France SAArmstrong Single Temperature Hose Stations Armstrong Smart Services GroupArmstrong SolutionArmstrong Steam and Condensate GroupArmstrong Sustainability BrochureArmstrong Unfired Steam GeneratorArmstrong‘s engineered condensate trap/pump packages Armstrong‘s engineered condensate pump trap packages Armstrong‘s engineered XXXArmstrong-Cool Fog SystemAsbestos-freeASIASME pumps and receiversASME Sec.ASSEassembled on a compact common base-plateassure maximum efficiencyASTM A216 WCBASTM A351 Gr.ASTM A48 classatmospheric pressureatomize wateraudible alarmAutomatic air ventingAutomatic Differential Condensate ControllerAutomatic shutoff of hot water flowautomatic water softenerAutomation Research CorporationAvailable in a wide range of sizesavailable upon requestback pressureBaked Enamelbalance valveBALANCED TRIMBalancing Valveball float drain trapball valveball valves cross-linked by a stainless steelBall-Type Flow Indicatorsbare pipe heatingbargBASBDbe compliant with ASSE Standardbe supplied pre-plumbed and pressure testedbe supplied pre-wiredbellowsbellows sealBellows sealedBellows Sealed Globe ValvesBENCH SETbimetallicbimetallic elementbimetallic mechanismBimetallic Steam TrapBimetallic Trapbleedblendblended waterblind flangesblowdownblowdown connectionblowdown rateblowdown valveblowerbodyBody and Capbody fits in tight spacesBody Materialbody materialboilerBoiler Blowdown Heat RecoveryBoiler Blowdown Recoveryboiler efficiencyboiler feedBoiler Forced Draft Fansboiler headerBoiler HouseBoiler side recirculating pumpBoiler side recirculating pump to supply the heat exchanger Boiler water conductivityBoiler Water to Water Instantaneous Water Heaters boiling pointboltBolt Assemblybonnetboronizedboth peakBottom Inletbottom outletBottom to C InletBranch LineBranch Welding Fittingbreak a vacuumBronze Gauge Glass AssemblyBtu‘s are captured and returned to the system bucketbucket ventBucket Vent Scrubbing WireBuilding Automation SystembuildupbulletinBulletin 110 - IS-4 LiteratureBulletin No. 200buoyancyburnerBushingbuttweldBuy Onlineby-passby-pass valveC Outlet to C InletCabinet constructionCabinet has a polished stainless steel piano-hinged Cabinet outer flangeCAGECanadian Standards AssociationcapCap BlockCap Gal.Capable of close temperature controlCapacity Conversion Factors for Other Fill Heads capacity linecapacity tableCapital Repaircapsulecarbon dioxideCarbon Steelcarbon steel anglecarbon steel pipecarbonic acidcarryoverCast ironCast Stainless Steelcast steelcatalogcautioncavitationCentifeed CoilCentral Recirculation System Control certified drawingchaplaincheck valveChemical-Free Steamchrome-plated DZR brassCIP connection portcirculating pumpclean steamClosed Loopclosed loop means no motive or flash closed-loopCLOSURE MEMBERCO2 EmissionCO2 emissions will be reduced with Cold Hose Stationscold trapcold water capacityCold Water Hose Stationscold water inlet supplycold water inlet supply failureCold Water Start-Up Capacities combination inlet isolation combining a pump within a steam trap combustionCOMMUNITY COVENANTcompact designcompensatecomplete shutdown of outlet flow Complete Thermal Exchange compress aircompressed air system Compressed Gas Association compression fittingcompressorComputrol, Inc.Condensate Collection Assembly condensate controllercondensate controllerscondensate coolercondensate drainagecondensate loadcondensate must be lifted condensate pumpcondensate recoveryCondensate Recovery Equipment condensate recovery requirements condensate recovery systemCondensate RemovalCondensate Removal and Recovery System condensate returncondensate return linescondensate return systemcondensate supply and returncondensecondensercondensing rateConnection Sizeconnection typeconnectorconnector styleConnector with Integral StrainerConserve Energyconstant low pressure steamConstant PressureCONSTANT PRESSURE DROPconstant steam pressureConsult Armstrong or your local Representative Consult Factorycontaminantscontinuous air venting at steam temperature continuous automatic air and CO2 venting Continuous Discharge Capacities in kgs control chambercontrol loopcontrol modulecontrol panelControl panel UL and CSA approvedcontrol signalcontrol systemcontrol valveControlled Disc TrapCool Fog systemcore valuesCorn Refiners Associationcorrosion resistantcorrosivecost-effective solutioncross-contaminatedcross-linked by a stainless steel bridge pieceCuring PressCuring Press Condensate RemovalCustomer E-BlastsCustomer LocationCv valuecycling wear and tearcylindricalDC Series Automatic Differential Condensate Controllers DCSdeaerationdeareatorde-ionized waterdeliver precise mixed water temperature demineralizedDescriptionDesign and materials are subject to changedesign conditionDESIGN CONDITIONSDesign Pressuredesign specificationdetecting transmitterdew pointdial screwdiaphragm actuatordifferential condensate controllerDifferential Pressuredifferential purging actionDifferntial PressureDigital Control SystemDigital Cycle CounterDigital Mixing CenterDigital Mixing ValveDigital Recirculating Valvedigital recirculation valveDigital Water Temperature Control SolutionsDignitydimensional informationDimensions and WeightDirect Actingdirect acting valveDirect Area DischargeDirect Steam Injection Humidifierdirect-actingDIRECT-ACTING VALVEdirtdirt are held in suspension until dischargeddirt can collect on the orificeDirt PocketDisc SpringsDisc TrapDischarge OrificeDischarge Pressuredischarge valvedispersion tubedissolveDistributed Control SystemDistribution Manifolddistribution systemdistributordiverse flow ratesDomestic Manufactureddoor heaterdouble actingDouble offset butterfly valveDouble-Duty Seriesdownstreamdown-streamdownstream solenoid valve relayDrain Connectiondrain cycledrain linedrain liquiddrain pandrain separatorDrain Trapdrain valvedrainagedrainerdraw off pointsdraw-off requirementdripdrip legdropletsdry airDryerdryer coilsdrying chamberdual gravitydual gravityDual gravity drain trapdual scale top mount Thermometer and Inlet Dual thermostatic elementsdual thermostatsDuct Air TemperatureDuct Heightduct systemductile irondurabledurableduring no-demand periodsDYNAMIC UNBALANCEDZR brass constructionEconomical non-electric operationEducationefficient operationelectric condensate pumpelectric controlelectric humidifierElectric ModulatingElectric motorElectric Steam Humidifierelectricity consumptionElectricity Distributionelectro pneumatic positionerelectrocutionelectrodeElectronic control boxElectronic Mixing Centerelectronic temperature controllerElement Assyelevateelevatedeliminate the requirement for a fitted aquastatEmergency Fixtureemergency fixtureenameled steel frame terminating in five standard union connections enclosureEnd CapEnd connectionend coverend of lifeend-userenergy conservationenergy conservation measureEnergy Conservation Measure (ECM)energy consumptionEnergy ConsumptionEnergy costenergy efficiencyEnergy Efficiencyenergy lossenergy managerEnergy Optimization SystemEnergy SavingsEnergy SeminarEnergy Servicesenergy-efficiency methodologyEnjoyable experienceEnjoyable ExperiencesenthalpyEnvironmentEPCEPC (engineering, procurement, construction) EQUAL PERCENTAGEEquipment Being Drainedequipped with removable temperature adjustment key Error RelayEstimated Investment and Paybackethicsevaporative coolingevaporatorevaporator or condenser of an air conditioner Everlasting Valve, Inc.exhaust headExpect many enjoyable experiences!Exposed areaExpressPackexternal check valvesexternal corrosionExternal PilotExternal StrainerExternally removableF condensatefabricateFabricated StrainersFace to FaceFace-to-FaceFactory settingsFail Closefailure safeFairnessFaith in God, Family, Job (in this order)Fan LocationFan PackageFearlessfeature codefeatures a unique integral thermostatic return limiter feed back/modulating steam control valvefeed headFeed WaterFeed-Forwardfeet of ―safety yellow‖ washdownfield-adjustable maximum limitFigure CGFigure LDfill headFill ValveFin CoilFin Materialfin pitchfin typeFinned pipe tank heatersfitted aquastatFive PillarFixed Pivotfixtureflangeflangeflanged and socketweld connectionsFlanged ConnectionsFlanged lbflanges available in Class 600 and 900flash steamflash tankFloat & Thermostatic Steam Trapsfloat and thermostatic steam trapFloat and Thermostatic TrapFloat Drain Trapfloat steam trap valvefloat type drain trapFloat weightFloat-Fixed Pivotflooded pitsFlo-Rite-Temp® instantaneous steamFlo-Rite-Temp® instantaneous water heaterFlo-Rite-Temp® Pre-Pipedflow applicationsflow capacityflow characteristic curvesflow coefficient CvFlow Controlflow directionflow indicatorflow rateflow timeFlue GasFlue Gas TemperatureFlue Stack TemperatureFluid Catalytic CrackingFluid Controls InstituteFLUID DATAFLUID NAMEFMC RadaFMC-BTfog chamberFog SystemFogger Headfogger manifold barFood ProcessorsfootprintForced Draft (FD)Forged Chrome-moly Steelforged steelFree FloatFree Floating Guided Lever Drain Trap Free Floating Guided Lever Drain Trap free floating lever Air Ventfree-floating stainless steel mechanism freeze protectionfreeze-protection drainfresh steam lossfriction lossfurnishedfuzzy adaptive tuning (FAT)G.P.Mgalvanic corrosiongalvanized steelGas Ventgas-fired humidifiersgasketGatewaygaugegaugegauge glassgauge glassgauge pressureGeneral Services Administration gland packingGlobe ValveGradualgrains of moistureGranbygravity draingreen buildingGreen TeamgrooveGroups of Fixturesguide bushguidelinesHAFThand hinged doorhand leverhandbookHandwheelHard WorkingHardened chrome steel17 hardened stainless steel hazardheaderheat exchangeHeat Exchangerheat lossheat of vaporizationHeat Recoveryheat transferheat transfer equipmentheat valueheaterHeating and Cooling Coils Heating ChamberHeating Coilheating elementheating mediumheating systemheavy dutyheavy duty industrial chrome heavy gaugeheavy oilHeavy-duty springshelp deskhemispherical valveHexhigh back pressureHigh Capacityhigh fireHigh Heat ValueHigh Limit HumidistatHigh Pressurehigh pressure dropHigh temperature safety shut-offhigh washdown temperatureshigh-limit controllerHLARHLAR AVHLAR Maximum Operating Pressures HLS LDHonestyhorizontal flash tanksHorizontal Installationhosehose lengthshose rackhose reelHose StationHose Station Less Hosehot and cold portshot water applicationsHot Water SolutionsHot Water System Solutionshot water temperature control units how to trap jacketed kettlesHPI/CPIHumidiCleanhumidificationHumidification Loadhumidification systemHumidifierhumidifier controlhumidifier locationHumidifier ManifoldHumidity Controlhumidity levelHydro TestHydrocarbonhydronichygroscopic materialhysteresisIB (Trap)IBLVICI ChemicalsIdentifying an occurrence/liftimpellerIMPORTANT NOTEimprove utility performancein the event of a diaphragm failureInconel XIndividual Bathindividual thermostat failureindustrial nickel platingindustrial process critical heat transferIndustry-Specific E-blastsIndustry-Specific Sales LiteratureINHERENT DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE:inlet and outlet connectionsinlet combination ball valve strainersInlet ConnectionInlet PipeInlet Pressureinlet sizeinlet strainerinlet supply temperatureInlet Swing Check Valveinlet union connectionsinlet vane after the fanIn-Linein-lineIn-line Check ValvesIn-line Connectionin-line repairableInstallation and Maintenanceinstalled as the primary temperature controller within a pumped recirculation InstitutionalInstitutional Hot Waterinstitutional low-pressure steam heatinginstruction manualinsulateinsulation jacketIntegral check valveintegral combination inlet check valveIntegral inlet check valves and strainersintegral inlet spring loaded check valvesintegral inlet supply risersintegral mounting flangeIntegral slight flow indicatorintegral strainerintegral strainer connectorIntegral thermometerintegral thermostatic return limiter Integral vacuum breakerintegrated circuit board technology intelligent system solutions interchangingintercoolerintermittentinternal operating componentsInternal pilotInternational Electrotechnical Commission Internet Service ProviderIntrinsically safe digital cycle counters Inverted BucketInverted Bucket Drain Trapinverted bucket large ventInverted Bucket Steam Trapinverted bucket trapIonic Bed TechnologyIonic Bed TechnologyIsolation valvejacketed kettlejobberKey Performance Indicatorskeyed cylinder lockkilojouleKindnessknow-howKnowledge not shared is energy wasted Kyoto ProtocolL finlabor costlag timeslatent heatlavatoryleakageleaking sealsLeaking valves on critical process Legionella risk reductionLevel Controlleverlever mechanismsLeverage Systemlidlifted from the drain pointlight liquidlight loadlightweightLi-ionlimit switchlinear distancelinkageLiquid CoilLiquid Drainerliquid levelLiquid LoadList of MaterialsLIST OF MATERIALSLiteratureLiterature Order Formlive male swivellive steamlive steam lossLoad AirLocal Area Networklock nutlockshield for single temperaturelower energy consumptionLow-maintenance operationLow-profile bodyLoyalistLoyaltylubricationmagnitude of dischargemain housingMain ValveMaintain a consistent systemMaintains mixed water temperaturesmaintains recirculating water temperatures within the circuit maintenanceMaintenance Costmaintenance costsMake Up WaterMake-up Watermanagement programmanifoldmanifold barmanifold lengthManifold Lengths and Duct WidthsManifold Modelmanual throttling devicematerials and weightMaterials of ConstructionMax Allowable PressureMax Allowable TemperatureMax. Operating TemperatureMaximum Allowable PressureMaximum allowable pressuremaximum capacitymaximum efficiency while maintaining minimum motor horsepower Maximum flash loadmaximum inlet pressureMaximum Operating ConditionsMaximum Operating Pressuremaximum pressure dropmaximum protection against freezing and water hammermaximum temperature limiting and single temperature locking feature maximum working pressureMeasured Blend TemperatureMechanical Designmechanical failuremechanical roommechanism assemblyMetering ValveMini Pump Trapminimal fill headminimize stressMixed Airmixed return and return to heat source check valvesmixed return flow indicatormixed return inlet with thermostatic return limitermixed return sight flow indicatormixed water outlet and mixed return inlet with thermostatic return mixing STEAM and WATER for washdownMixing Unitsmixing valveMODEL NUMBER INDEXmodulated controlmodulated outputmodulating steam control valvemodulating steam pressuremoisture contentmotive pressureMotive Steam PressureMotor circuit protectormotor powermount Thermometer and Inlet Check Valvesmount Thermometer and Stainless Steel inlet Checkmounting bracketmoving partsmultiple effectMultiple orientationsmulti-tube steam dispersion panelName of PartNAME OF PARTname plateNational Sanitation Foundationnational sanitation foundation (NSF)Natural Gas PipelinenegligenceNEMAnet positive suction headnew construction and retrofit installationnickel platenitrous oxideNoiseless HeaternominalNon modulating constant steam pressurenon-asbestosnon-condensable gasesNon-Electric Steamnon-helical straight internal tube bundleNon-intrusiveNon-intrusive to the valve, pipe or system; no shutdown required to install. Non-Recirculating Hot Water SystemNon-recirculating hot water systemsNon-Shocknon-wetting distancenozzleNPS Sch.NPSH issuesNPT inlets and outletnutOD TubesOEMoffset from centre of seatoffset from centre of valveolder style dual-globe valve mixing ―YOpen Systemopen the valve against systemopening angleoperating conditionOperating Costoperating historyOperating PressureOperating PrincipleOperation & Maintenanceoperation and maintenanceoperation costoperation of pumpingOperational SpecificationsOperational water pressureoperator programmableoperator typeOperators and Maintenance personnel Optional double-wall platesOptional External Network Adapterorificeorifice sizeOrifice Steam Pressureoriginal flow setting in hot failure modeO-Ringoutdoor airOutdoor EnclosureOutdoor Temperatureoutdoors low ambient temperature trapping outlet ball valveOutlet Connectionoutlet dial thermometeroutlet pressureoutlet stop valve and thermometeroutlet temperatureoutlet temperatureoutlet thermometer and inlet supplyoutlet trapsOutline StrategyOutside Airpackaged solutionPacking sealedPainting Strategypasteurization temperaturepasteurizerPatentPeace of mindperforatedPerformance ContractPetrochempetroleumpharmaceutical manufacturingPhysical Datapiano-hinged door with a keyed cylinder lock pilot valvePipe ConnPipe Connectionspipe sizePiping and Insulationpiping configurationsPiping welded by Section IX welders Piping—Schedule 40, Schedule 80pistonpiston actuatorPiston ValvePlate and frame heat exchangerPlate heat exchangerplate-fin heat exchangerplug & stem assemblyplumbing codes or safety requirements pneumaticpneumatic angel valvepneumatic controlpneumatic control valvePneumatic Modulatingpneumatic operatorpneumatic valve positionersPoint of Usepolymer constructionpolysulfoneportable water supplyPORT-GUIDEDposition feed back transmitterspositionerPower Managementpower supplyPre-Assembledprecise controlpreheatpreheat coilPre-Pipedpre-piped packagespre-piped single temperaturePre-Piped Tempered Waterpre-set outlet temperaturePressure and Temperature Controlpressure differentialPressure DripPressure DropPressure Gaugepressure ratingPressure Reducing Valves PTCpressure temperature ratingpressure waterpressure-testedprevent over-temperature selectionPreventive Set in Order proceduresPrice SheetPrimary Humidificationprimary humidifierProbe Connectionproduct and serviceProduct DescriptionProduct Literatureprogrammable logic controller (PLC)Programmable rangeProgrammable set point rangeproper trapprovide the most efficient and cost-effective solution to your condensate recovery requirements. PRV stationPSIG steampsychrometricpulling the valve off the seatPump Cappump capacityPump Combination PackagesPump CREPump DischargePump TrapPump Trap CapacitiesPump Trap MaterialsPump Trap PackagesPump Trap Physical Datapumped recirculation systemPure FogpurgePurgerPUSH-DOWN-TO-CLOSEPUSH-DOWN-TO-OPENRadaRada Thermostatic Mixing ValveradiatorRadiator TrapRadiator Valveradio frequencyrangeabilityratingratingsrecess flangere-circulated hot water systems Recirculating Hot Waterre-circulating hot water system Recirculating Single Temperature Systems Recirculation Systems Recommendation Chartrecovered flash steamRecovered Liquidreduce cycling wear and tearreduce energyreduce environmental emissionsreduce heat transferredundancyredundantRe-engineeredrefineryrefinery processes.refrigerantregistered trademarkregulatorrelative humidityRelay outputRelief Valve ChallengesRemarksRemote SensorRemovable Insulation Jacketremovable keyremoveremoving the mechanism assemblyrepreplaceable seatsReplacement Coilreplacing gland packingrepresentativeRequired Design PressureRequired Design TRequired Operation PressureRequired Operation Trequired valve fittings and isolation valves reservoirReservoir for Curing Pressresist high back pressureResistance to Hydraulic Shockresistant to water hammerresonatorRespectretrofitreturn airreturn bendreturn check valvereturn headerreturn limiterreturn linereturn on investmentreturn systemreverse acting positionerreverse osmosisReverse Osmosis (RO) plantreverse osmosis waterReverse-ActingREVERSE-ACTING VALVEreversed anglerisky consequencesrivetruggedRugged construction materialrunoutSafetysafety drainsafety factorSaintsame size and specificationSample Specificationssanitarysanitary usesaturated steamsaturated steamsaturated steam temperaturesaturated temperaturescale top mount Thermometerscreen materialsScreen RetainerScrewed NPT and BSPTScrewed or SWscrewed, socketweld or flangedScrivenscrub wireseamlessSeamless Steelseat centre lineseat leakageseat leakage testSeat Nutseat retainerSEAT RINGsectionalSee-Thruself-containedself-operated pressure reducing valves sell trap management services semiconductorSensible heatseparatorseparator chamberserial connection data portSeries CapacitySeries Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Series Low Profile Pump TrapSeries SS TrapSeries Stainless Steel Trap Valve Station Series TrapService flush cycleService flush waiting periodService LifeSet and lock to a single temperatureSet PointSetpoint SelectionSharing Knowledge. Saving Energy. shell and tube heat exchangershine assignmentsShipping Weightshut off pressureshut-offside connectionsignboardSimplestsimplexsingle actingsingle effect。

- 41 -第3期浅析海管立管陆地分段通球和测径技术刘维维1，胡得朋2，倪云飞1（1.海洋石油工程股份有限公司， 天津 300452）（2.海工国际工程有限责任公司， 天津 300461）[摘 要] 海底导管架立管是海洋油气集输与储运生产系统中的重要组成部分。

本文以渤中34-9 CEPA项目导管架立管为例，介绍了海管立管连接多个弯管时，进行分段通球、测径的技术，探讨和积累了立管清理和测量经验，对相关项目具有一定借鉴作用。

[关键词] 海管立管；通球；测径技术作者简介：刘维维（1982—），女，天津人，大学本科，学士学位，工程师，主要从事海洋石油工程加工设计工作。

表1海管立管系统是连接海底管道与海洋平台上处理设备之间的钢管或挠性管，是油气田开发工程建设中的一个重要组成部分[1]。

每条海管立管在陆地预制完成后，都应针对自身特点及周围环境的影响，制定通球、测径的施工技术方案，制定风险应对措施，这是海洋管道建设中的一个重要工序，是海底管道完整性管理中必不可少的环节。

陆地通球、测径的主要目的是清理立管内部的焊渣杂物，检查拼接处焊缝背面的光滑程度，检查是否存在焊接缺陷，延长管道使用寿命、降低维护费用，提高管道的输送效率，确保整个海洋石油平台安全有效地运行。

1 相关标准规范除需参考渤中34-9 CEPA 导管架项目的立管试压规格书、立管布置图、立管详细设计图纸外还需参考相关的标准规范如下：API RP 1110 Pressure Testing of Liquid Petroleum Pipelines.ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids.DNV-1981 Rules for Submarine Pipeline System.DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems.2 通球、测径前的准备工作2.1 工作开始前，需要准备以下设备，见表1。

146Spears ® Butter fl y Valve Premium Pneumatic Actuation Package Spears ® innovative patented seat design departs from traditional liner-seat type valves to eliminate seat creep, reduce operating torque and provide positive seal off. Ideally suited for fl ow control or throttling, this high performance valve offers a full variety of options for greater application versatility. Fully isolated (Dry Stem), solid type 316 stainless steel stems with optional PTFE coated stems available for extra assurance. PVC and CPVC valves are available in Standard or True Lug style for sizes 1-1/2" through 14". Polypropylene valves are available in Standard valve style for sizes 1-1/2" through 24", plus sizes 30" through 60" produced to order. Premium pneumatic actuator is an Air-to-Air (Double Acting; optional Spring Return) featuring twin piston rack and pinion operation with adjustable stops, and permanent lubrication. Manual override is standard. Housing is hard anodized aluminum with epoxy coated aluminum end caps.Butter fl y Valve Speci fi cationsStyleFlanged MaterialPVC, CPVC, PP Size RangePVC/CPVC = 1-1/2" - 12"PP = 1-1/2"- 24" (custom 30" - 60")Pressure Rating1-1/2" - 12" =150 psi @ 73°F14" = 100 psi @ 73°F16" = 85 psi @ 73°F18" = 70 psi @ 73°F20" - 24" = 50 psi @ 73°F Seats & SealsBuna-N, EPDM or FKM onPVC/CPVC valves; EPDM or FKMon Polypropylene valves Bolt Pattern ANSI Class 125/150Special Valve Options & Accessories• “True-Lug” style factory installed lugs(PVC & CPVC valves only)• PTFE coated stainless steel stem• Titanium & Hastaloy Stems• PTFE encased valve seat• F ield installable Lug Insert sets for PVC/CPVC valves through 12"• Stem Extensions• Seat & Seal Replacement Kits• 30" - 60" Polypropylene valves (contact Spears ® for details)Custom Pneumatic ActuationOptions & Accessories• Spring Return Operation (Fail Safe)• 60 psi or 40 psi Operating Pressure• Declutchable Manual Override• Pneumatic & Electro Pneumatic Positioners• 3 & 4 Way Solenoid Valves12VDC, 24 VDC, 24V AC, 115V AC, 230V ACNEMA 4/4x & 4.4x.7/9 rating• Dual Power Solenoids• Output Signal Limit Switches• Standard Limit Switches• Dome Position Indicator• Stainless Steel Gauge Sets• Customized ID Tags Standard 2-Position Actuator Speci fi cations Type Dual piston • rack & pinion • adjustable stop Standard Operation Air-to-Air (double acting)Supply Pressure 80 psi Air Connection 1/4" - 1/8" Depends on Actuator Note: Contact Spears ® for information on valve sizes 14" and larger.Sample Engineering Specifi cation All pneumatically actuated Butter fl y valves shall be constructed from PVC Type I Cell Classi fi cation 12454 or CPVC Type IV Cell Classi fi cation 23447 or UV stabilized Polypropylene. All valve seats and O-rings shall be Buna-N, EPDM or FKM. Seat shall be a nonliner type interlocked to valve body. Bolt hole pattern shall conform to ANSI/ASME B16.5 CL 125/150. Disc shall be offset design with Type 316 stainless steel stem and hardware. Valves shall be pressure rated at [select from speci fi cations] for water at 73°F. Pneumatic Actuators shall be factory installed, dual piston, rack & pinion design with adjustable stops. Operation shall be Air-to-Air (double acting) for 80 psi supply pressure. Actuator shall be equipped with [selected options list], as manufactured by Spears ® Manufacturing Company.PNEUMATIC ACTUATED BUTTERFLY VALVESTypical Illustration。

Avoiding Fuel-Related ProblemsYour Honda GCV/GSV premium residential engine is designed and manufactured to precise specifications to ensure years of trouble-free operation. This includes the fuel system. However, the properties of gasoline can quickly lead to stale fuel causing starting or running problems and, in some cases, damage to the fuel system if precautions are not followed. The good news is most fuel-related problems can be avoided by following a few simple steps.Follow These Five Steps to Prevent Most Fuel-Related ProblemsStep Reason1. Do not use gasoline containing more than 10% ethanol in your Honda powered equipment.Gasoline containing higher levels of ethanol is corrosive and attracts water, which can cause starting or running problems or, in some cases, damage to your engine’s fuel system. 2. Store your gasoline in a clean, plastic, sealed container approved for fuel storage. Close the vent (if equipped) when not in use and store the container away from direct sunlight. If it takes more than 3 months to consume the fuel in the container, we suggest adding a fuel stabilizer to the fuel when you fill the container. A clean, plastic container approved for fuel storage will help prevent rust and metallic contaminants from entering the fuel system. Gasoline will deteriorate faster when exposed to air and sunlight. 3. Keep your engine’s air filter properly serviced.Check it before each use.A properly maintained air filter will help prevent dirt from entering your engine’s carburetor. Dirt entering the carburetor can be drawn into small passages in the carburetor and cause premature engine wear. These small passages can become blocked, causing starting or running problems. Always use an air filter specified for your engine to ensure it seals and performs as designed.4. When you’re finished using your equipment, turn the fuel valve OFF and leave it OFF until you’re ready to use your equipment again. Fill the fuel tank to minimize air in the tank. If you do not intend to use your equipment for 3 to 4 weeks, start the engine with the fuel valve OFF, and allow it to run until the engine runs out of gas.The small amount of gasoline in your engine’s carburetor will deteriorate faster than the fuel in the fuel tank due to its small volume andproximity to residual engine heat. The fuel valve allows you to stop the fuel flow from the fuel tank to the carburetor for storing and transporting.Fill the fuel tank after each use (instead of before each use). If the fuel tank is partially filled, air in the tank will promote fuel deterioration.5. If you don’t plan to use your Honda powered equipment for more than 30 days, follow the storage guidelines on the following page.Untreated gasoline (without a fuel stabilizer) left in the engine’s fuel system will deteriorate, causing starting or running problems and, in some cases, damage to the fuel system.Refer to your engine’s Owner’s Manual for additional information.Storing Your Honda Powered Equipment for More Than 30 DaysIf you don’t plan to use your Honda powered equipment for more than 30 days, follow these steps to reduce fuel-related problems.Storage Time: 30 to 90 days1. Add gasoline stabilizer to the fuel tank following themanufacturer’s instructions. When adding a gasolinestabilizer, fill the fuel tank with fresh gasoline. If only partially filled, air in the tank will promote fuel deterioration duringstorage.Note:• All stabilizers have a shelf life and their performance willdeteriorate over time.•Fuel stabilizers will not reconstitute stale fuel.Honda Fuel Stabilizer, 8 oz.PN 08732-00012. After adding a gasoline stabilizer, run the engine outdoors for10 minutes to be sure the treated gasoline has replaced theuntreated gasoline throughout the fuel system.3. Stop the engine and turn the fuel valve to the OFF position.4. Restart the engine and allow it to run until it runs out of gas.Running time should be less than 3 minutes.Storage Time: More than 90 days (long term or seasonal storage)Start the engine and allow it to run long enough to empty all the gasoline from the entire fuel system (including the fuel tank). Do not allow gasoline to remain in the fuel system for more than 90 days of inactivity.Stale Fuel in Your Fuel ContainerIf you have some fuel left in your storage container at the end of the season, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends adding the gasoline to your car's gas tank(/reg5oair/mobile/winter.html), provided your car’s fuel tank is fairly full.。

Manual Pipet ControllerUser Manual• Manual Pipet Controller • User ManualPRODUCT DESCRIPTIONThe Globe 3375 Manual Pipette Controller may be used with glass or plastic pipettes to facilitate the pipetting of a wide range of liquids. Pipettes within the volume range of 0.1ml to 100ml can be used. When the controller is correctly used, the liquid comes into contact with the pipette only.COMPONENTSSiliconeSuction BellowsSee reverse for pipetting instructions . . .Manual Pipet ControllerUser ManualPIPETTING1.Fit the pipetteGently insert the pipette into the silicone adapter inside the nose cone. Do not use excessive force as this may damage the silicone insert.2. Fill the PipetteHold the controller in a vertical position with the pipette tip down and squeeze the suction bellows. Place the tip of the pipette into the liquid to be aspirated. Press the aspirate lever slowly upwards allowing the liquid to fill the pipette until the meniscus is slightly above the desired volume mark. Note: Do not allow liquid to enter the controller. The function of the filter will be severely impaired reducing suction efficiency. (Spare filters are available; Globe item #3375-FIL)The further up the lever is pressed, the stronger the suction becomes and the faster the meniscus rises.In the case of large volume pipettes, the vacuum contained in the suction bellows is not sufficient to draw in all theliquid at once. Therefore, press the suction bellows again to continue drawing up liquid.3.Adjust the MeniscusWipe the pipette tip with a suitable lint-free tissue. Press the dispense lever down slowly until the required meniscus has been reached.4.Dispense the PipetteHold the collection vessel in an inclined (diagonal) position, placing the pipette tip against the collecting vessel’s wall. Press the dispense lever down to empty the pipette.5.‘Blow-Out’ PipettesAs soon as the meniscus in the pipette comes to a standstill, press the blow-out bellows to expel the last few drops. To ensure complete dispensing, wipe the pipette tip upwards afew millimeters along the inside wall of the collecting vessel.Customer Service, Sales and Technical Support:Phone: 1 (800) 394-4562 • 1 (201) 599-1400Fax: 1(201)599-1406•E-mail:************************© 2019 Globe Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. The Globe Scientific logo is a registered trademark of Globe Scientific Inc. 3375 Manual 19089SERVICE:If service is required beyond these instructions, please contact Globe Scientific.6.‘To Deliver’ PipettesAs soon as the liquid in the pipette comes to a standstill, wait for the period of time required to ensure the timed liquid has been fully dispensed.7.To Remove PipetteWith the controller in a vertical position in one hand, hold the pipette at its upper end with your opposing hand and gently twist to remove it from the silicone adapter.8.Replace Filter and Clean the AadapterIf the pipette has been overfilled or the suction capacity is impaired, proceed as described below:a. Remove the pipetteb. Unscrew the nose conec. Remove the silicone adapter from the housing bypulling it upwards. Use a wash bottle to rinse the a dapter. Blow out the liquid and allow to dry completely. If any damage is seen on the adaptor, replace with a new one. d. Remove the filter and replace with a new one. e. Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above instructions.9.Leak TestAttach a pipette and aspirate liquid to a minimum of half the capacity of the pipette. Hold the pipette over a suitable reservoir. If liquid drips from the pipette tip, dismantle theunit (see step 8) and re-assemble correctly.。

ROCUTPlastic pipe shears up to Ø 75 mm (3”)The ROTHENBERGER plastic pipe shears for highest quality require-ments. Knife blades deliver clean and straight cuts on pipe diameters up to 75 mm of plastic types currently used in installations. The aluminium construction makes for precise operation and long life.Structural unit of shaft and blade Precise pressure transfer and guided cutter feedRust-free steel blade with V-shape Pinpoint precision without deformationLockable lever Shear arms lockable in transport positionRelease leverAutomatic, controlled opening of the blade at the push of a buttonRubberised handle Secure gripWide pipe support Precise right-angled cutsNo. 52010ROCUT TC 50 / TC 75 ProfessionalPlastic pipe shears up to Ø 75 mm (3”)ROCUT TC 26 / TC 32 PS 26 / PS 42 S / PS 35 SPlastic pipe shears up to Ø 42 mm (1.5/8”)(TC 32 for multi-layer composite pipes MLP)ROCUT TC 63 ProfessionalPlastic pipe shears up to Ø 63 mm (2.1/2”)(TC 63 Professional for PVC pipes)Modelmm inchkggNo.Spare stainless steel blade for TC 32 0 - 32 0 - 1.1/4” 120 1 52041Spare stainless steel blade for PS 35 S 6 - 35 1/4 - 1.3/8” 30 1 55006Spare stainless steel blade for PS 26 / 42 S6 - 42 1/4 - 1.5/8” 60 1 55007Spare stainless steel blade for TC 42 Professional 0 - 42 0 - 1.5/8” 120 1 52042Spare stainless steel blade for TC 50 Professional 0 - 50 0 - 2” 120 1 52011Spare stainless steel blade for TC 63 Professional 0 - 63 0 - 2.1/2” 130 1 52031Spare stainless steel blade for TC 75 Professional 0 - 75 0 - 3” 190 6 52016ACCESSORIESNo. 52015No. 52041No. 55006No. 55007No. 52011No. 52031No. 52016No. 52042No. 52040No. 55005 / No. 55015ModelkggNo.ROCUT TC 26 0 - 26 0 - 1” 370 4 52005ROCUT TC 32 0 - 32 0 - 1.1/4” 220 4 52040ROCUT PS 356 - 35 1/4 - 1.3/8” 740 4 55005ROCUT PS 26 / 42 S, adjustable 6 - 42 1/4 - 1.5/8” 950 1 55015ROCUT TC 42 Professional 0 - 42 0 - 1.5/8” 447 4 52000ROCUT TC 50 Professional 0 - 50 0 - 2” 600 6 52010ROCUT TC 63 Professional 0 - 63 0 - 2.1/2” 700 6 52030ROCUT TC 75 Professional 0 - 75 0 - 3” 1,600 1 52015。