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June 24, 2003
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Bayesian Nash equilibrium: 2-player
In a static Bayesian 2-player game {A1, A2; T1, T2; p1, p2; u1, u2}, the strategies s1*(•), s2*(•) are pure strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium if ➢ for each of player 1's types t1 T1, s1*(t1) solves
Introduction to static games of incomplete information
Normal-form (or strategic-form) representation of static Bayesian games
Bayesian Nash equilibrium Auction
s2* (t2 j )
s2* (t2n )
June 24, 2003
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Battle of the sexes
At the separate workplaces, Chris and Pat must choose to attend either an opera or a prize fight in the evening.
June 24, 2003
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Bayesian Nash equilibrium: 2-player
In a static Bayesian 2-player game {A1, A2; T1, T2; p1, p2; u1, u2}, the strategies s1*(•), s2*(•) are pure strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium if
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Static Bayesian games
The normal-form representation of an n-player static game G of incomplete information specifies: ➢ A finite set of players {1, 2, ..., n}, ➢ players’ action sets A1, A2 , A3, ..., An , ➢ players' type sets T1, T2, T3, ...,Tn, ➢ players' beliefs p1, p2, p3, ..., pn ➢ their payoff functions ui (a1, a2, ..., an; ti ) for a1 A1, a2 A2, ..., an An , ti Ti.
Both Chris and Pat know the following:
➢ Both would like to spend the evening together.
➢ But Chris prefers the opera.
➢ Pat prefers the prize fight.
Chris
June 24, 2003
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Today’s Agenda
Review of previous class Battle of sexes with incomplete information
(version two) First-price sealed-bid auction
June 24, 2003
for each i and j, (assume T1 {t11, t12, ....},T2 {t21, t22, ....})
s1* (t11 ) s1*(t12 )
s1* (t1i ) s1*(t1n )
In the sense of expectation based on her belief
Max u1(a1, s2*(t2 ); t1) p1(t2 | t1)
a1A1 t2T2
➢ and for each of player 2's types t2 T2, s2*(t2 ) solves
Max
a2A2
u2 (s1*(t1), a2; t2 ) p2 (t1 | t2 )
Static (or SimultaneousMove) Games of Incomplete Information
Bayesian Nash Equilibrium
June 24, 2003
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Outline of Static Games of Incomplete Information
Opera Prize Fight
Pat
Opera
Prize Fight
2, 1
0, 0
0, 0
1, 2
June 24, 2003
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Battle of the sexes with incomplete
information (version two)
Pat’s preference depends on whether he is happy. If he is happy then his preference is the same.
player 2’s best response if her type is t2j
player 1’s best response if her type is t1i
In the sense of expectation based on her belief
s2* (t21) s2* (t22 )
If he is unhappy then he prefers to spend the evening by himself.
In a static Bayesian game, a strategy for player i is a function si ( ti ) for each ti Ti .
si ( ti ) specifies what player i does for her each type ti Ti