Lesson 20 Garbage Management and Biological Sewage Treatment

专题05 生态环保类序号内容Part 1 题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part 2 真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句..Part 3 专题强化真题自测新题模拟P P a a r r t t11题题型型总总览览【题型综述】“生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。

本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。

这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。

通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。

【技巧点拨】1.运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。

在阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。

如果文章中含有标题、副标题、图片等，在概括全文主旨大意和写作目的时需要重点考虑。

根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。

结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。

因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。

导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。

2.利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断。

在阅读解题时，第一步可以浏览全文，掌握中心大意。

第二步可以根据题干要求，用查读法（scanning）再快速定位到相关段落。

第三步可以重点搜索段内的标志词，利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如数据、例子、原因和结果等。

如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。

【读相关词】1.haze n. 雾霾2.conservation n. 保护3.recycle v．回收；循环利用4.ecological balance 生态平衡5.make proper use of 合理利用6.keep the balance of 保持……的平衡7.attach great importance to 十分重视8.bring ... under control 把……控制住9.be/bee aware of 意识到10.take the responsibility for/be responsible for 对……负责任11.mist n. 薄雾12.shortage n. 缺乏13.damage n．& vt. 毁坏，破坏14.destroy vt. 摧毁，破坏15.ruin vt. (使)毁坏；(使)毁灭n. (复)废墟；遗迹16.disappear vi. 消失17.threaten vt. 威胁18.be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中19.rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园20.extinct adj. 灭绝的21.preserve vt. 保护22.victim n. 牺牲品，受害者23.damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地24.endangered species濒危物种25.die out 灭绝26.natural reserve 自然保护区27.protect wildlife 保护野生动物28.cut down 砍倒29.raise the awareness of 唤醒……的意识30.live in harmony with 与……和谐相处31.pollute vt. 污染32.waste n. 废料33.rubbish n. 垃圾；废物34.litter n. 垃圾35.garbage n. 垃圾36.greenhouse effect 温室效应37.environmentally­friendly adj. 环保的38.advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡39.preserve vt. 保护，保留，保存40.limited natural resources 有限的自然资源41.alternative energy 替代能源42.in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处43.live a low-carbon life 过低碳生活44.prevent ...from ... 阻止……做……45.raise one’s environmental awareness提高某人的环保意识46.save and treasure our resources 节约并珍惜我们的资源47.take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事48.call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事P P a a r r t t22真真题题感感悟悟【2020·全国新课标II】When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to e around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to e up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A．To promote guilt-free fur.B．To expand the fashion market.C．To introduce a new brand.D．To celebrate a winter holiday.29．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B．Nutria are an endangered species.C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D．Nutria are illegally hunted.30．What does the underlined word “collapsed”in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Boomed.B．Became mature.C．Remained stable.D．Crashed.31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A．It’s formal.B．It’s risky.C．It’s harmful.D．It’s traditional.【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B【解析】本文是说明文。

大连海事大学继续教育学院（函授）教学周历
版本：J 修改状态：0 DMU－4－095－1 编号：
注：每次完成单元测验后应将测验及完成的作业邮寄到学校。

函授站站长签字：
大连海事大学继续教育学院（函授）教学周历版本：J 修改状态：0 DMU－4－095－1 编号：
专业、层次、年级：轮机专科11级主讲教师：王辉
教材名称：《航海概论》（赵庆涛主编2010）
函授站站长签字：
大连海事大学继续教育学院（函授）教学周历
版本：J 修改状态：0 DMU－4－095－1 编号：
注：每次完成单元测验后应将测验及完成的作业邮寄到学校。

函授站站长签字：。

Garbage classification is a crucial environmental initiative that has gained global attention in recent years.It involves the systematic separation of waste materials into different categories for effective disposal or recycling.Here is a detailed English essay on the importance and methods of garbage classification.Title:The Significance of Garbage ClassificationIntroductionIn the modern world,where urbanization and industrialization are rapidly advancing,the issue of waste management has become a pressing concern.Garbage classification,also known as waste segregation,is a proactive approach to addressing this challenge.It not only helps in reducing the volume of waste that ends up in landfills but also promotes recycling and the sustainable use of resources.The Benefits of Garbage Classification1.Environmental Protection:By separating biodegradable waste from nonbiodegradable materials,we can minimize the pollution of soil and water bodies.This helps in maintaining ecological balance and preserving natural habitats.2.Resource Conservation:Garbage classification facilitates the recovery of valuable materials such as paper,glass,metals,and plastics,which can be recycled and reused. This conserves natural resources and reduces the need for raw material extraction.3.Energy Efficiency:Recycling materials requires less energy compared to producing new items from virgin materials.This leads to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to the fight against climate change.4.Economic Benefits:The recycling industry creates jobs and adds value to the economy. It also reduces the cost of waste disposal for municipalities.5.Public Health:Proper waste management through classification helps in controlling the spread of diseases that can be caused by improper waste disposal.Methods of Garbage Classification1.Separation at Source:The first step in garbage classification is to separate waste at the point of generation.This can be done by using different bins for different types of waste, such as organic,recyclable,hazardous,and general waste.cation and Awareness:Public awareness campaigns are essential to educate people about the importance of garbage classification and the correct methods of waste segregation.munity Involvement:Local communities can play a significant role in promoting garbage classification through communitybased initiatives and by setting up recycling centers.4.Legislation and Enforcement:Governments can introduce laws that mandate garbage classification and impose penalties for noncompliance.Effective enforcement of these laws is crucial for the success of waste segregation programs.5.Technological Solutions:Advanced sorting technologies can be employed at waste processing facilities to further separate and categorize waste materials efficiently. ConclusionGarbage classification is not just a civic duty but a collective effort towards a cleaner and sustainable future.It requires the participation of every individual,supported by effective policies and technological advancements.By embracing garbage classification,we can contribute to the preservation of our environment and the wellbeing of our communities. Call to ActionLet us all take the pledge to classify our waste responsibly.It is a small step towards a significant change in our environment.Together,we can make a difference and ensure a healthier planet for generations to come.。

英语作文用破坏性树木取样定量生物质In the realm of ecological research, the quantification of biomass through destructive sampling of trees stands as a critical method for understanding the carbon cycle and assessing the health and productivity of forests. This process involves the physical removal and measurement of trees or tree components to determine their weight, which is then used to estimate the total biomass of a forested area.Destructive sampling is a direct method that provides accurate data on the biomass of trees. It is often employed in small-scale studies or in the development of allometric equations, which are mathematical formulas used to estimate tree biomass from easily measurable parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. These equations are crucial for large-scale biomass assessments where destructive sampling is not feasible due to the sheer number of trees.The procedure begins with the selection of representative trees within a specified plot. These trees are then felled, and various components such as the trunk, branches, leaves, and sometimes roots are separated and weighed. Moisture content is also measured, as biomass is usually reported on a dry weight basis. The data collected from these samples are then extrapolated to estimate the biomass of the entire plot or forest stand.One of the main advantages of destructive sampling is the high level of accuracy it provides. However, this method is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can only be applied to a limited number of trees without causing significant ecological impact. Moreover, once a tree is sampled, it is removed from the ecosystem, which can alter the forest structure and function.To mitigate these impacts, researchers often combine destructive sampling with non-destructive methods such as remote sensing and terrestrial laser scanning. These technologies allow for the estimation of forest biomass over larger areas with less environmental disturbance. Data from destructive sampling can be used to calibrate and validate the models derived from non-destructive techniques, ensuring their accuracy and reliability.In conclusion, while destructive sampling is an essential tool for biomass quantification, its application must be carefully planned and executed to balance the need for accurate data with the preservation of forest ecosystems. The development of non-destructive methods and their integration with traditional sampling techniques represent a significant advancement in forest ecology, enabling more sustainable management and conservation practices. Through these efforts, we can gain a deeper understanding of forest dynamics and contribute to the global efforts in combating climate change by accurately accounting for the carbon sequestered in these vital natural resources.。

钟理主编环境工程专业英语课后习题Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调2 Put the following into English.农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生—regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。

(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。

ap课程环境科学大纲AP课程环境科学是一门由美国大学理事会（College Board）开设的高中学科，旨在为高中学生提供系统性、高水平的环境科学教育。

这门课程不仅探讨了环境科学基础知识，还涉及了环境问题的原因、影响和解决办法。

学生将在这门课程中学习到如何利用科学技术和政策法规保护环境，以及如何在实践中纠正错误，维持生态平衡。

这门课程主要分为四个主题：大气环境、水资源、土地利用和生态系统。

学生将探讨它们之间的相互关系，并且学习如何评估和管理人类活动对环境的影响。

大气环境主题涵盖了地球大气中的气体和颗粒物，例如二氧化碳、氮气和甲烷，以及它们对气候和生态系统的影响。

学生将了解到这些气体和颗粒物的来源、排放量及其趋势，以及它们如何影响气温、海平面和生物多样性。

学生还将研究如何利用科学和技术手段控制和减少这些气体和颗粒物的排放量，例如采用清洁能源和治理大气污染。

水资源主题重点探讨水循环、水资源的可持续性以及水资源管理。

学生将了解到地球上的水资源如何分布、利用和管理。

通过探究流域管理、水循环和水质保护等问题，学生将学习如何把握判断和管理水资源的精髓，理解水循环如何与土地利用、污染和能源使用相互作用。

学生还将研究水管理和供应方案，以确保人类和生态系统的水资源可持续发展，保护和维护水资源生态环境。

土地利用主题探讨人类如何管理地球表面的土地，并评估与土地利用有关的环境和社会问题。

学生将学习如何利用土地来生产食物和能源，并探讨土地利用变化对生态系统、气候变化和社会经济的影响。

该主题包括土地管理和规划、土地利用和景观设计的基础，以确保土地资源使用的可持续性和效益。

最后一个主题是生态系统，着重于生态系统的结构、生物多样性和生态过程。

学生将学习到生态系统的构建及其功能，了解生态系统中的物种、种间关系和能量流动。

学生还将研究生态学问题，例如生物多样性丧失、生态系统稳定性和全球变化对生态系统的影响，并探讨保护生态系统的方法。

中国垃圾分类的英语听力China's garbage classificationIn recent years, China has been actively promoting garbage classification to reduce waste and protect the environment. The following are some sentences that can help you practice listening to and understanding information about China's garbage classification.1. How is garbage classified in China?2. Is garbage classification mandatory in all cities?3. What are the benefits of garbage classification for the environment?4. Are there penalties for not following garbage classification rules in China?5. What are the main categories in China's garbagesorting system?6. Could you explain how recyclable materials are sorted in China?7. What measures has China taken to encourage public participation in garbage sorting?8. What are the main challenges faced in implementing garbage classification in China?9. Can you provide some examples of biodegradable waste?10. How can individuals learn more about garbage sorting rules in their locality?1.中国垃圾是如何进行分类的？(How is garbage classified in China?)2.所有城市都要强制进行垃圾分类吗？(Is garbage classification mandatory in all cities?)3.垃圾分类对环境有哪些益处？(What are the benefits of garbage classification for the environment?)4.不按照垃圾分类规定行事是否会受到罚款？(Are there penalties for not following garbage classification rules in China?)5.中国的垃圾分类体系中的主要类别有哪些？(What are the main categories in China's garbage sorting system?)6.能否解释一下中国如何对可回收材料进行分类？(Could you explain how recyclable materials are sorted in China?)7.中国采取了哪些措施鼓励公众参与垃圾分类？(What measures has China taken to encourage public participation in garbage sorting?)8.中国在实施垃圾分类方面面临的主要挑战是什么？(What are the main challenges faced in implementing garbage classification in China?)9.能否提供一些可生物降解垃圾的例子？(Can you provide some examples of biodegradable waste?)10.个人如何获取更多关于当地垃圾分类规定的信息？(How can individuals learn more about garbage sorting rules in their locality?)以上是关于中国垃圾分类的一些问题和例句，能够帮助你进行听力训练和了解中国垃圾分类的相关信息。

(2024年修订)义务教育生物课程标准版英文版Revision of the 2024 Mandatory Education Biology Curriculum Standards In response to the evolving landscape of education and advancements in the field of biology, the 2024 revision of the mandatory education biology curriculum standards aims to provide students with a comprehensive and engaging learning experience. The updated standards focus on integrating hands-on experiments, real-world applications, and critical thinking skills to enhance student understanding of biological concepts.The revised curriculum includes updated content on genetics, ecology, evolution, and biochemistry to ensure students are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in the modern world. Emphasis is placed on fostering a deep understanding of biological processes and their significance in everyday life.Furthermore, the 2024 revision incorporates interdisciplinary connections with other subjects such as chemistry, physics, and environmental science to provide students with a holistic view of the natural world. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of different scientific disciplines, students are encouraged to think critically and analytically about complex biological phenomena.In addition, the revised curriculum encourages active participation in scientific inquiry and research projects to cultivate students' curiosity and creativity. By engaging in hands-on experiments and investigations, students are able to develop essential scientific skills such as observation, hypothesis testing, and data analysis.Overall, the 2024 revision of the mandatory education biology curriculum standards aims to inspire a lifelong passion for learning and discovery in students. By providing a stimulating and engaging learning environment, students are empowered to explore the wonders of the natural world and make meaningful contributions to society through their knowledge of biology.。

生态学专业英语Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. It is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. Ecologists study the interactions between organisms and their environment, including how organisms adapt to their environment and how they affectthe environment. The goal of ecology is to understand the principles that govern the distribution and abundance of organisms.Ecologists use a variety of methods to study ecosystems, including field observations, laboratory experiments, and mathematical modeling. They may study a wide range of organisms, from microorganisms to plants and animals, and their interactions with each other and their environment.One important concept in ecology is the idea of the ecosystem, which is a community of organisms and thephysical environment with which they interact. Ecosystems can be as small as a pond or as large as a forest, and they can include both living and nonliving components.Ecologists study how energy and nutrients flow throughecosystems and how these flows influence the distribution and abundance of organisms.Another important concept in ecology is the idea of sustainability, which is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its balance over time. Ecologists study how human activities, such as agriculture, urbanization, and pollution, affect the sustainability of ecosystems and how we can manage ecosystems to promote sustainability.In conclusion, ecology is a fascinating and important field that helps us understand the natural world and how we can live in harmony with it. By studying the interactions between organisms and their environment, ecologists can help us make informed decisions about how to manage our natural resources and protect the environment for future generations.生态学是一门研究生物与环境之间关系的科学。

英语思维导图环保垃圾分类主题Environmental Protection and Garbage SortingIntroduction:- Definition of environmental protection- Importance of environmental protectionBackground:- Growing concern for environmental issues- Impact of human activities on the environmentGlobal Issues:- Climate change and global warming- Deforestation- Air and water pollution- Depletion of natural resources- Loss of biodiversityGarbage Classification:- Definition and importance of garbage classification- Benefits of garbage classification- Different types of garbage (organic, recyclable, hazardous) - Challenges in garbage classification and managementAdvantages of Garbage Classification:- Reduction of waste sent to landfills- Resource conservation- Promotion of recycling and reuse- Environmental and health benefits- Economic benefitsImplementation of Garbage Classification:- Introduction of garbage classification systems in various countries- China's garbage classification system and its success- Strategies for successful implementation- Education and public awareness- Infrastructure and facilities- Government policies and regulations- Collaboration with stakeholdersRole of Individuals:- Importance of individual participation in garbage classification- Strategies for individuals to practice garbage classification- Segregating waste at home- Encouraging recycling and reuse- Proper disposal of hazardous wasteGovernment and Corporate Responsibilities:- Role of government in promoting garbage classification- Develop and enforce regulations- Invest in infrastructure and facilities- Provide education and awareness programs- Role of businesses and corporations- Implement waste management practices- Reduce packaging waste- Promote eco-friendly products and practicesCross-cultural Perspectives:- Cultural attitudes and practices towards garbage sorting - Lessons learned from successful implementation in various culturesConclusion:- Recap of the importance of environmental protection- Garbage classification as a key aspect of environmental protection- Call to action for individuals, governments, and corporations to prioritize garbage classification and environmental protection.。

Objective:To raise college students' awareness of waste separation and promote sustainable living habits. The students will be able to understand the importance of waste separation, recognize different types of waste, and learn practical methods for implementing waste separation in their daily lives.Duration:2 class periods (45 minutes each)Materials:1. PowerPoint presentation on waste separation2. Handouts with information on different types of waste and recycling3. Waste separation bins (one for each group)4. Worksheets for group activities5. Video clip on waste separation (optional)Teaching Procedures:Part 1: Introduction (15 minutes)1. Icebreaker: Begin with a brief discussion about the current state of waste in cities and the environmental impact of improper waste management.2. Introduction to the topic: Explain the importance of waste separation and its role in environmental protection and resource conservation.3. Show the PowerPoint presentation: Highlight key points such as the types of waste, the benefits of waste separation, and examples of recycling processes.Part 2: Group Activities (30 minutes)1. Group Discussion: Divide the class into small groups of 4-5 students. Each group will be given a worksheet with different types of waste andasked to categorize them correctly into recyclable, compostable, andnon-recyclable waste.2. Sorting Activity: Each group will receive a set of waste separation bins. They will sort the waste provided by the teacher according to the categories they have just learned.3. Presentation: Each group will present their findings to the class, discussing the challenges they faced and the importance of accuratewaste separation.Part 3: Case Study and Reflection (30 minutes)1. Case Study: Present a short video clip (optional) on the negative impacts of improper waste disposal on the environment.2. Group Reflection: Ask each group to discuss how they can contributeto waste separation on their campus and in their daily lives. Encourage them to think creatively and come up with practical solutions.3. Group Presentations: Each group will present their ideas to the class, highlighting the most effective strategies for promoting waste separation.Part 4: Summary and Conclusion (10 minutes)1. Summary: Recap the main points discussed in the class, emphasizingthe importance of waste separation and the role of each individual in creating a sustainable environment.2. Conclusion: Encourage students to continue practicing wasteseparation at home and on campus, and to spread awareness among their peers.Assessment:- Participation in group discussions and activities- Accuracy in sorting waste- Engagement in the case study and reflection process- Creativity and practicality of ideas presented in group presentationsHomework:- Students will be asked to create a poster or infographic on waste separation and present it to their classmates the following week.Additional Notes:- This lesson plan is designed to be interactive and engaging, encouraging students to think critically about waste management and their role in promoting sustainability.- The use of real-life examples and case studies will help students understand the practical implications of waste separation.- Encourage students to share their experiences and insights with their families and friends, thus creating a ripple effect in promoting waste separation in the community.。

Unit 1环境工程本书的内容：本书的目的是使工科和理科学生对环境问题的跨学科的研究有所了解：环境问题的起因，环境问题受关注的原因，如何控制环境问题。

本书包括如下内容：﹡对环境和环境系统而言环境问题含义的描述﹡关于造成环境破坏的基本原因的信息﹡要了解环境问题性质并且量化环境问题所必需的基本科学知识﹡环境控制技术在在水、大气和固废污染问题方面运用的现状﹡我们目前对人类活动与自然之间的许多复杂的相互关系的理解和控制的科学知识的严重不足﹡采用现有技术可以用来消除或减轻有许多环境问题，当实际上并没有，这是因为社会缺乏意愿去处理环境问题，或因为在许多情况下缺少处理环境问题所需的资源一些重要的定义当新词在这本书中第一次出现时，它的定义以正楷大写字母开头的形式给出（正如这里给出的）或以粗体字体给出。

﹡环境：是指我们周围的物理和生物生境，我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和感到这些事物。

﹡系统：根据韦氏字典，系统为相关和相联的一组或一系列事情形成一个单元或有机体，例如：太阳系，灌溉系统，供应系统和世界或宇宙。

﹡污染：可以定义为空气、水或土壤的物理化学或生物特性发生恶化以至于对人类或生物有机体的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。

当改善环境质量的目的是用来改善人体健康时，环境这个词的含义就拓宽到包括各种社会、经济和文化方面，但这样的拓宽对许多实际情况不可行的，对为一学期时间设计的课程而言是不现实的。

从而我们对环境问题调查时把环境的定义做了限制。

各系统间的相互作用与水、大气或土地系统来说有一些不同的相关环境问题。

而许多问题只是适用于其中的一个系统，正因为此这也说明了上述分类的合理性。

如此的分类还有利于更容易对一个系统内相关问题的理解。

并且从行政管理方面看也是合理的，因为政府机构经常把环境问题分为空气污染、供水、污水处理和固体废物处置几个方面来处理。

但有许多重要的环境问题并不局限于大气、水或土地系统中的某个单一系统，而是包含各系统之间的相互作用。

ap环境科学课程知识点
AP环境科学课程的知识点包括以下内容：
1. 环境科学基础知识：包括环境科学的定义、范围和重要性，环境问题的来源和影响，以及环境保护的原则和方法。

2. 生态系统的结构和功能：包括生态系统的组成部分（生物、非生物因素），能量流动和物质循环的过程，以及生态系统的稳定性和脆弱性。

3. 生物多样性和生态系统服务：包括生物多样性的概念和价值，不同生物群落的特征和功能，以及生态系统对人类的重要服务（如食物供应、水资源管理等）。

4. 环境污染和污染物：包括不同类型的环境污染（水污染、空气污染、土壤污染等），污染物的来源和影响，以及污染物的监测和控制方法。

5. 可持续发展和资源管理：包括可持续发展的原则和目标，资源的可再生性和非可再生性，以及资源管理的方法和策略（如循环经济、节约能源等）。

6. 气候变化和全球变暖：包括气候变化的原因和影响，全球变暖的机制和趋势，以及应对气候变化的措施和国际合作。

7. 环境政策和法律：包括环境政策的制定和实施，环境法律的内容和执行，以及环境监测和评估的方法。

8. 环境教育和公众参与：包括环境教育的目的和方法，公众参与环境保护的形式和效果，以及环境意识和行为的培养。

这些知识点涵盖了环境科学的基本概念、原理和应用，旨在培养学生对环境问题的认识和理解，以及解决环境问题的能力和意识。