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2020年中考英语易错易丢分专题 11 非谓语动词

2020年中考英语易错易丢分专题 11 非谓语动词
2020年中考英语易错易丢分专题 11 非谓语动词

丢分题详解

【2019?四川凉山州中考】—Is it necessary_________us_________some photos before saving the old man?

—Yes,it is.We can protect ourselves if we do so.

A.of;taking

B.for;taking

C.of;to take

D.for;to take

【试题答案】D

【参考答案】句意:——在救那个老人之前,我们有必要拍些照片吗?——是的,它是。如果我们这样做,我们可以保护自己。It’s+adj.for/of sb.to do sth“对某人来说做某事……样”,该结构中it为形式主语,不定式短语为真正的主语,故排除A、B两项;通常由of或for引出不定式动作的执行者,如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等,用of sb.;如果形容词是仅仅来描述事物的,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible 用for引出动作的执行者,故选D。

丢分探因

此题如果学生分不清it is adj.for sb.to do sth.和it is adj.for sb.doing sth.,学生很容易误选B,to do表示有目的性,doing表示正在进行。此处表示在救那个老人之前,我们有必要拍些照片吗?故选D。查漏补缺

1.动词不定式的作用

句子成分用法例句

作主语谓语动词用单数形式,为避免"头重脚轻"常用it作形式主语。常用句型有:

①It is+adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某

人来说是……"。

②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某

人多长时间"。To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。

作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:would like,want, like,hope,wish,plan,decide,learn,agree,try,remember,

forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。

I find it difficult to pass my math

begin,start等think,find,believe等动词可用于"动词

+it+adj.+to do sth."句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾

语是后面的不定式。

exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。

作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语,两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,如果不定式中的动词是不及物

动词,后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的

名词有:time,need,way,chance,opportunity,courage,

reason,effort,determination,decision,ability,ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗?

Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗?

作状语不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools.要干好活工具要对头。

作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成

为一名工程师。

2.不定式的特殊用法

①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to。此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时,省略的to 则要加上。

②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。

?Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone.我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。

③常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach,show,tell,learn,find out,decide,know,forget等。

?My mother taught me how to cook yesterday.昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。

方法技巧

非谓语动词解题七大原则

原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式。

原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing。

原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式,其区别是,一般用-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。

原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动式。

原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。

原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing

的完成式)。

原则七:用于名词后作定语时:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。

【巧学妙记】

后跟to do作宾语的动词(词组)

(1)想要,拒绝,忘记(want/would like,refuse,forget)

(2)需要,努力,学习(need,try,learn)

(3)喜欢,同意,帮助(like,agree,help)

(4)希望,决定,开始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)

【巧学妙记】

巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词

喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)

盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)

想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)

忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)

丢分题详解

【2019?湖北省咸宁中】—Come and see!The baby is crying.

—Please do something to make him_________.

A.stop crying

B.stop to cry

C.crying

D.cry

【参考答案】A

【试题解析】句意:——过来看看!婴儿在哭。——做点什么让他别哭了。A.stop crying停止哭;B. stop to cry停下来去哭;C为动名词;D为的动词原形。make sb.do sth.使某人做某事,make后跟动词原

形,排除C;还考查了stop的用法。stop doing sth.是停止做某事;stop to do sth.是停下来做另一件事。结合语境:The baby is crying.婴儿在哭。可知,应该是做点什么让婴儿别哭了。故选A。

丢分探因

此题考查短语stop doing sth.的用法,stop to do sth.停下来去做某事,stop doing sth.停止做某事,学生掌握住这个知识点就能做对此题。有类似用法的动词有:forget,remember等等。

查漏补缺

(一)动名词的构成

动名词是由"动词+-ing"构成,和现在分词形式一样,兼有动词和名词的特点。

(二)动名词作用

句子成分用法例句

作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单

数形式,常用的句型结构有:

It is no use(good)+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。

作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作

是照顾这些小孩子。

作宾语用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式作宾

语的词有:avoid,finish,consider,give

up,cannot help,allow,imagine,

include,keep,mind,practice,suggest,

succeed in,be used to do,look forward

to,enjoy,be busy No matter what happened,I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情,我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。

作定语用于名词前,起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有

个游泳池。

(三)动名词的特殊用法

即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有:love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue, intend,attempt,can’t bear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大,但remember,regret,want,try等词后差别比较明显。

中考题演练

1.【2019?广西省河池中考】My parents don’t allow me_________TV on school nights.

A.to watch

B.watch

C.watches

D.watching

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我的父母不允许我在上学日的晚上看电视。to watch动词不定式;watch观看,动词原形;watches第三人称单数形式;watching动名词形式。句中使用了句型allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事,故应选A。

2.【2019?四川省内江中考】—Where is Mike?

—I saw him_________with Mr.Smith in the hallways just now.

A.to talk

B.talking

C.talked

D.talks

【答案】B

【解析】句意:——Mike在哪里?——我刚才看见他在走廊里和Smith先生谈话。考查动词非谓语。A.to talk 动词不定式;B.talking动名词或现在分词;C.talked过去式或过去分词;D.talks第三人称单数。根据I saw him____with Mr.Smith in the hallways just now.可知这里考查see的用法,see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事,强调看着做的整个过程;see sb.doing sth.看见某人正做某事,强调正在进行。根据just now(刚刚),在这里应该是刚刚看见他在走廊里和Smith先生正在谈话,强调正在进行的动作,所以应该用see sb.doing sth.故答案选B。

3.【2019?云南昆明中考】Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it.

A.visiting

B.to visit

C.reading

D.to read

【答案】A

【解析】句意:云南博物馆是一个非常有趣的地方,以至于很多孩子都很喜欢参观。have fun doing sth.做某事有乐趣,根据such an interesting place that many kids have fun可知句意:云南博物馆是一个非常有趣的地方,以至于很多孩子都很喜欢参观。故选A。

4.【2019?四川省遂宁中考】These foreigners are practicing Chinese.

A.to speak

B.speaking

C.speak

D.speaks

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这些外国人正在练习说汉语。practice doing sth表示练习做某事。故选B。

5.【2019?内蒙古呼和浩特中考】It is wise Linda to make up her mind to play an

instrument.

A.for;learning

B.for;to learn

C.of;learning

D.of;to learn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:对琳达来说明智的做法是下定决心学会演奏乐器。It’s adj.for/of sb.to do sth. "对某人来说…样",用for是因为前面的adj.是来描述do后面的sth.用of,adj.就用来形容sb的,it is adj.of sb.to do,这里的形容词是形容人的性格特征的,如nice,kind clever,foolish,smart,都是形容人的,it is adj.for sb.to do就是普通的形容词,如hard,impossible,important.空格用for,因此答案应是for。由题干"对琳达来说明智的做法是下定决心学会演奏乐器。"可知,第一个空格用for;第二个空格用to learn,因此答案应是for;to learn。故选D。

6.【2019?湖南省湘潭中考】—Alex,would you mind down the music?It’s too noisy.

—Sorry,dad.I’ll do it right away.

A.turn

B.turning

C.to turn

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意:——亚历克斯.你介意调小音乐吗?太吵了。——对不起,爸爸。我马上就去做。考查mind doing sth介意做某事。故选B。

7.【2019?海南省中考】Mrs Green refuses sweet food.She doesn’t want to get fat.

A.eat

B.eating

C.to eat

【答案】C

【解析】refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事,句意:格林太太拒绝吃甜食。她不想发胖。故选C。

8.【2019?河南省中考】—Do you always get up so early?

—Yes,_________the first bus.My home is far away from school.

A.catch

B.to catch

C.catching

D.caught

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:——你总是起床这么早吗?——是的,为了赶上早班车。我家离学校很远。动词不定式表示目的,故选B。

9.【2019?黑龙江省哈尔滨中考】Kids like reading stories which can make them_________.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/0215880924.html,ugh

B.to laugh

https://www.doczj.com/doc/0215880924.html,ughing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:孩子们喜欢读故事,故事可以使他们开怀大笑。短语make sb./sth.do sth.意为"使……做某事",故动词用原形。

10.【2019?湖南省湘西中考】—John,remember_________off the lights when you leave the classroom.

—No problem!

A.turn

B.turned

C.to turn

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——John,记得离开教室的时候关灯。——没问题。remember to do sth.记得去做某事(还未做);remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)。结合语境,记得关灯,还未做,故用remember to do sth.,故选C。

11.【2019?湖南省岳阳中考】People enjoy_________zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.

A.eat

B.eating

C.to eat

【答案】B

【解析】句意:端午节人们喜欢吃粽子。enjoy doing sth.表示喜欢做某事。故选B。

12.【2019?江苏省南京中考】—Do you have any plans for the holiday?

—Yes,I’m planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou.I’m looking forward to_________the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls.

A.see

B.seeing

C.sees

D.saw

【答案】B

【解析】句意:——你有什么假期计划吗?——是的,我计划去九寨沟旅游。我期待着看到色彩斑斓的湖泊和宁静的瀑布。look forward to doing期待做某事。故选B。

13.【2019?四川省自贡中考】—My uncle is against wasting anything.

—No wonder he would rather_________the old bike than_________a new one.

A.repair;to buy

B.to repair;buy

C.repair;buy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:难怪他宁愿修理旧自行车也不愿买新自行车。would rather do sth than do sth表示宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。故选C。

14.【2019?天津市中考】The government is setting up nature parks_________protect pandas.

A.to help

B.help

C.helped

D.helps

【答案】A

【解答】句意:政府正在建立自然公园来帮助保护熊猫。根据该空处在句中作目的状语,故填入动词不定式在句中作目的状语,故填入to help。故选A。

15.【2019?贵州省安顺中考】—What time do you get up in the morning on school days?

—I get up at7:00every morning to avoid_________the early bus.

A.miss

B.missed

C.missing

D.to miss

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语。句意:——你上学的时候早上几点起床?——我每天早上7点起床以避免错过早班车。短语avoid doing sth.:避免做某事,avoid是及物动词;结合句意可知missing;故选C。

16.【2019?四川省成都中考】Smart phones_________by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the

world.

A.made

B.making

C.to make

【答案】A

【解析】句意:华为生产的智能手机在全球越来越受欢迎。本题的题干是简单句,分析句子成分并结合选项可知,空格处应用非谓语动词。A.made过去分词、过去式;B.making现在分词;C.to make动词不定式。make与主语是被动关系,需用过去分词形式;故选A。

17.【2019?甘肃省天水中考】Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth_________.

A.to visit

B.visited

C.visit

D.visiting

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意:香港迪士尼乐园值得参观。考查句型be worth doing值得做某事。故选D。

18.【2019?甘肃省兰州中考】We are supposed_________some housework with our parents when we have free

time.

A.to share

B.sharing

C.shared

D.share

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们有空的时候应该和父母一起分担家务。A为动词不定式;B为动名词;C为过去式;D 为动词原形。本题考查be supposed to do sth.应该做某事。be supposed to...其中to是动词不定式符号,不是介词,其后要跟动词原形。当be supposed to...的主语是"人"时,意为"应该……";"被期望……",它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等,相当于情态动词should。因此本题应该选择动词不定式。所以选A。

19.【2019?贵州毕节中考】Betty is often seen_________the lonely old man with his housework.

A.to help

B.helping

C.helps

D.helped

【答案】A

【解析】句意:贝蒂经常被看到帮助老人做家务。根据see sb doing"看到某人正在做";see sb do"看到某人做某事(全过程)"可知,本句话表示"看到全过程",省略to,变成被动时,to要加上,即sb be seen to do,故选A。

模拟题检测

1.(广东梅州县颈义中学2019---2020学年第一学期中联考)It took me ten days reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.

A.finish

B.to finish

C.finished

D.finishing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我花十天时间读完了郭敬明的小说。A.finish(原形);B.to finish(不定式);C.finished(一般过去式、过去分词);D.finishing(动名词);本句是固定句型It takes sb+时间+to do sth意为“某人花多长时间做某事”,判断空格用不定式;故选B。

2.(济南汇才学校2019-2020学年度第一学期期中)Some students think it useful_________English songs to improve their English.

A.sang

B.to sing

C.singing

D.sings

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些学生认为唱英文歌对提高他们的英语很有用。

考查动词形式辨析。本句是固定句型“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式”结构,不定式做真正宾语;根据句意结构,可知选B。

3.(河南省南阳市内乡县2019届九年级中招一模)________challenges actively,and then you’ll try your best to overcome them and you will become a better person.

A.To face

B.Face

C.Facing

D.Faces

【答案】B

【解析】句意“积极地面对挑战,然后你将会尽你最大的努力来克服他们并且成为一个更好的人”。根据句意可知,用祈使句+and+陈述句(一般将来时)。祈使句省略主语you,直接以动词原形开头,故选B。

4.(安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟)I prefer______the failure rather than______my dream.

A.experience;to give up

B.to experience;give up

C.experienceing;giving up

D.to experience;to give up

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我宁愿经历失败也不愿意放弃梦想。本题考查动词固定搭配。prefer to do sth.rather than do

sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”,故选B。

5.(北京市上地实验学校2019-2020学年九年级上学期第二次统练).Aunt Li often asks her son________too much meat.It’s bad for his health.

A.eating

B.not to eat

C.not eating

D.to eat

【答案】B

【解析】句意:李阿姨经常叫她的儿子不要吃太多肉。那样对他的健康有害。

考查非谓语动词。ask sb.(not)to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“要求某人(不要)做某事”,B选项符合句子结构,故应选B。

6.(广东珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部2020届九年级上学期10月调研)I love this song by Liang Bo.Would you mind____the TV a bit?I can’t hear it clearly.

A.turning on

B.to turn off

C.turning up

D.turn up

【答案】C

【解析】句意“我喜欢梁博唱的这首歌,你是否介意将电视声音调高一点?我不能听得很清楚”。

turn on打开;turn off关闭;C.turn up调高(声音等)。第一空处,根据mind可知,用mind doing“介意做某事”,排除B和D;且根据I can’t hear it clearly“我不能听得很清楚”可知,表示“调高声音”。故选C。

7.(广东省江门市恩平2019-2020学年度第一学期期中调研)It shows that the population in countries is larger than in developed countries.

A.developed;that

B.developing;those

C.developing;that

D.developed;those

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这表明发展中国家的人口比发达国家多。根据事实,发展中国家的人口比发达国家人口数量更大,第一个空,和后一句中的developed对比,因此次空为发展中,developing,现在分词作定语;第二个空,比较级中than后用代词代指上文提到的单数名词,避免重复,population是不可数名词,所以用that。故选C。

8.(2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟)—How do you feel after watching the movie Amazing, My Country?

—Well,I think it is lucky for us_______this great country.

A.to live

B.to live in

C.living

D.living in

【答案】B

【解析】句意:-----看了《厉害了,我的国》这部电影后你觉得怎么样?-----嗯,我认为我们生活在这个伟大的国家是幸运的。考查固定句型It’s+形容词+for sb.to do sth.:做某事对于某人来说是什么样子的;live:居住,不及物动词,住在某个地方是live in;故选B。

9.(河南南阳方城县2019年中招模拟)—Thanks a lot for getting out of your way_______me.

—It’s my pleasure.

A.help

B.helping

C.helped

D.to help

【答案】D

【解析】句意:——非常感谢你竭尽全力来帮我。——不用谢。Go out of one’s way to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“竭尽全力做某事”,故选D。

10.(2019年汕头市潮南区模拟)10.Mr.Grea found Tom a novel in class when he came in.

A.is reading

B.reading

C.read

D.to read

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格蕾亚先生发现汤姆在课上读小说当他进来的时候。

A.is reading正在读,现在进行时;

B.reading正在读,现在分词;

C.read读,动词原形;

D.to read读,不定式。发现某人做某事为固定搭配,有两种形式find sb do sth和find sb doing sth。根据when he came in可知,发现某人正在做某事,故选B。

11.(甘肃省民勤县民勤六中2019—2020学年度第一学期期中)—Peter has changed a lot,hasn’t he?

—Yes.He used to_____the guitar,but now he is used to_____soccer.

A.plays;playing

B.play;plats

C.play;playing

D.playing;play

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——彼得已经改变了很多,不是吗?——是的。过去他常常弹吉他,但是现在他习惯了踢足球。used to do sth.表“过去常常做……”,而be/get used to doing表“习惯于做某事”,根据句意选C。

12.(云南石林鹿阜中学2019-2020学年上学期九月学情检测)It’s too hard_________the spoken English when watching English movies.

A.to understand

B.understand

C.understanding

D.understood

【答案】A

【解析】句意:看英文电影时理解英语口语太难了。该句中it为形式主语,不定式短语为真正的主语,故选A。

13.(盘锦市大洼区田家学校2019—2020第一学期九年级第二次质检)We’ll do what we can_____our environment.

A.protect

B.to protect

C.be protected

D.be protecting

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们将做我们所能做的来保护环境。句中需要不定式短语作目的状语,故选B。

14.(江苏省徐州市泉山区2020届第一月考)We find_______impossible for us_______a foreign language well

in a short time.

A.that;learning

B.this;to learn

C.one;learning

D.it;to learn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我们发现对我们来说短期内学好英语是不可能的。该句的结构为“主语+谓语+it+形容词+of/for sb.+动词不定式”,其中it为形式宾语,不定式短语作为真正的宾语。

15.(安徽省潜山市第四中学2020届上学期第二次月考)The high-speed railway“Fu Xing Hao”______Beijing with shanghai has been in service since June26,2017.

A.connects

B.to connect

C.connected

D.connecting

【答案】D

【解析】句意:连接北京和上海的“复兴号”高铁已从2017年六月26日投入使用。该句需要—ing形式的短语做后置定语,修饰The high-speed railway“Fu Xing Hao”,故选D。

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