2020-2021学年西安高新第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案解析

2020-2021学年西安高新第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Overnight French Toast
What You’ll Need
•16-ounce loaf of French bread
•5 eggs
•1 1 /2 cups milk
•1/2 cup half-and-half
•1/3 cup maple syrup（枫糖浆）
•1/2 teaspoon salt
•foil（锡箔纸）
•2 tablespoons melted butter（for topping）
•2 tablespoons maple syrup（for topping）
What to Do
•With an adult’s help, cut the bread into 1-inch slices.
•Place the eggs, milk, half-and-half, maple syrup, and salt into a large bowl. Stir（揽拌）the mixture until blended（混合均匀）.
•Place the sliced bread into a baking dish. Pour the mixtureover the bread and press the slices into it. Cover the dish with foil and refrigerate overnight.
•Remove the dish from the refrigerator at least one hour before baking. Ask an adult for help to preheat the oven to 375°F. Bake the French toast for 35 minutes or until golden brown.
•For the topping, combine the melted butter and 2 tablespoons of maple syrup. Pour it over the French toast before serving.
1.How much salt will you need to make a French toast?
A.1/3 cup.
B.1/2 teaspoon.
C.2 tablespoons.
D.16 ounces.
2.How will you use foil?
A.Place the sliced bread
B.Cover the dish.
C.Remove the dish.
D.Eat the French toast.
3.Who is the passage written for?
A.Teachers.
B.Parents.
C.Cooks.
D.Kids.
B
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look delighted or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller toldLive Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them." Muller said.
4. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes
B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry
D. communicate with each other
5. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
6. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies.
B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study
D. An explanation of the research method.
7. In which section is the text most likely to be found in a newspaper ?
A. Entertainment
B. Economy
C. Science
D. Nature
C
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to
this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
8. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
9. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.
A. the students who are major in mathematical geometry
B. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems
C. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs
D. those who are interested in physics
10. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.
A. indirect ways of learning mathematics
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
11. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.
A. a review of a book
B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician's essay
D. a general science text
D
The secrets of dreaming are always interesting psychologists. It is generally acknowledged in the field that dreams people have during this time betweenchildhood and full adulthood, that’s around 30, are the strongest and most influential. Yet not enough is known about the repeated patterns of dreaming. Researchers are still trying to answer a basic question: How does dreaming relate to the life experiences and developmental challenges?
G. William Domhoff and Adam Schneider, at theUniversityofCalifornia, help to answer this question by
examining the lengthy dream series of two individuals, “Izzy” and “Jasmine”. Izzy provided a collection of 4, 329 dream reports from between the ages of 12 and 25, while Jasmine provided 664 dreams recorded between the ages of 14 and 25.
Large collections of dreams like these pose challenges to researchers. Until recently, the means of studying dream series was to employ a team of recorders who take the time to code each dream for a predetermined(预先确定的)number of content categories, and then compare their results. Nowadays, digital technologies enable the analysis of language usage in dreams with high speed, accuracy, and objectivity. This marks a revolutionary advance in the science of dreaming. However,itcan only lead so far.
To gain more specific and detailed insights, Domhoff and Schneider tailored word strings(词串)for each dreamer, mixing elements of traditional research with digital tools for analyzing large data sets. For Izzy these word strings included “family and s”, “celebrities” and “fantasy”, while the word strings they created for Jasmine included “familiar places,” electrical equipment” and “music”. The researchers used these word strings to identify connections between their dreams and real lives. Surprisingly, the results of the analysis revealed a great deal of consistency(一致性)and continuity in both sets of dreams. Izzy pays much attention to pop culture, and has affection for famous actors. Jasmine is an accomplished musician and performer.
“The frequencies of dream elements show the intensity(强度)of the dreamer’s personal concern with that element in waking thought,” Domhoff and Schneider conclude. For anyone who still claims dreaming is merely random nonsense from the brain and mental world, these findings are hard to explain away.
12. What do psychologists agree with about dreams?
A. Dreams are influenced by life experiences.
B. Dreaming is never nonsense from the brain.
C. Dreams in one’s teens and twenties are strongest.
D The patterns of dreaming are usually repeated.
13. What does “it” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The collection of dreams.
B. Research into dreaming.
C. The digital method.
D. The challenge for psychologists.
14. How do the researchers conduct their study?
A. By analyzing large data sets.
B. By developing individualized word strings.
C. By identifying the patterns of dreaming.
D. By making comparison with traditional research.
15. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. New tech, new finding
B. Dreams: reflections of waking reality
C. Lives, languages, dreams
D. Life experiences: elements of mental world
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
A job application letter is your opportunity to leave a good first impression on a possible future employer. You want your letter to perfectly reflect you and what you can bring to a position._____16_____The pupose of the letter is to gain an interview and make the employer make sure you are one of the people brought in.
Read the job opening description carefully.____17____Mark any repeated words that should appear in your job application letter.
___18___Include where you saw the posting and why you are a good fit for the position. Describewhy you want to work for the business and explain how you can help the organization to realize its goals.
___19___Show how your qualificaitons make you the best candidate (候选人) for the position and how they can help the organization meet its goals. Giveexamples of how your skills, experience and education match what the employer is looking for.
Write a closing paragraph that states your desire for an interview.____20____If you want to add other information, such as a resume (简历), sample work or a reference, state that in this part.
A.Start the letter with a proper address and polite greetings.
B.Write an opening paragraph that explains why you apply for the job.
C.Take note of the language it uses to describe the job and the company.
D.Write your letter in a clear style to provide a good introduction to you.
E.Figure out who will read the letter before describing your qualifications.
F.Provide contact information, including your phone number, address and e-mail.
G.Match the job description’s requirements with your abilities and qualificaitons.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项We bought a microwave last week. Thismay not seem like big___21___,but we’ ve never owned one before. In aNew York Citykitchen with small counter space, a cubic foot is far too___22___to deserve occupation by a single appliance. But the convenience of heating food___23___finally outweighed the convenience of space.
So this is a better___24___for us.
I have___25___that there are different types of choices we get in life. The first is the good vs. good variety. That is, both choices will___26___us. Which flavor of ice cream tastes better? Which car do you___27___? Whichever option we select, the worst outcome is that our___28___isn’t optimized (使最优化). Not a problem.
Next up is good vs. bad. These choices are either___29___or incredibly hard.
Often we need to choose between short-term pleasure and long-term good. What feels the best today may be___30___five years from now, and what’s the hardest at the moment may be what’s optimal for the future. Good vs. bad choices___31___insight (洞察力) and sticking to our___32___ .
Finally there’s the least-worst option situation, where every possibility is___33___, and we have to___34___which is least harmful. Do we choose the dangerous operation or likely___35___ ? In which poor neighborhood do we raise our kids? Sometimes we have to face many___36___of this sort and we must make a choice.
My microwave purchase___37___falls in the good vs. good category___38___I had the privilege of weighing one convenience against another and making a choice. Though I now work around the monster presence in my mini-kitchen, I___39___the benefits it offers. Facing inconvenience is not a problem; how you behave___40___ .
21. A. news B. change C. loss D. trouble
22. A. common B. spacious C. precious D. hard
23. A. freely B. effectively C. quietly D. quickly
24. A. chance B. choice C. plan D. life
25. A. noticed B. agreed C. doubted D. admitted
26. A. affect B. confuse C. benefit D. inspire
27. A. hate B. prefer C. accept D. make
28. A. pleasure B. experience C. time D. fund
29. A. reasonable B. effortless C. right D. wise
30. A. comfortable B. harmful C. dangerous D. important
31. A. turn over B. put on C. call for D. take up
32. A. routines B. dreams C. habits D. values
33. A. painful B. useless C. helpful D. unnecessary
34. A. explain B. show C. decide D. guess
35. A. death B. recovery C. survival D. injury
36. A. opportunities B. debates C. dilemmas D. barriers
37. A. hopefully B. finally C. nearly D. clearly
38. A. but B. if C. although D. because
39. A. stress B. enjoy C. ignore D. predict
40. A. works B. succeeds C. fails D. matters
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
If new hobbies don't in and of themselves have a social element, it often doesn't take much to make them social,and it can help to keep you invested and_____41._____(have) fun. If you want to learn to paint, learn to paint______42.______other people. If you want to garden,get______43.______(know) the horticulturist(园艺师）at your local garden centre. If finding a physical community is too challenging（and these days it can be),go online,find a group,build social connections and try new things, all while staying_______44._______（comfort) close to home.
Here's how it works for me: I now take trumpet lessons over Zoom,____45.____holds me to playing at least once a week; my teacher is an impossibly___46.___（patience) and lovely person (I feel supported); when I started in February, I promised my son that I'd learn to play "Happy Birthday" for____47.____he turned three in May (l gave myself a goal and a deadline); and I even____48.____（participate) in an online summer recital.
I know playing trumpet won't solve any of my existential middle-aged-mom____49.____（crisis), but it's loud and it's fun and I like that.I can toot-toot my way through a “Happy Birthday" serenade for special people. Plus, I'm investing in future_____50._____(fulfil), a more balanced life and long-term fine-tuning for my brain, which all feels pretty great.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing this letter to draw your attention to the community lecture concerns garbage classification. As we all known, garbage classification is quite important for environmental protection, so we should try our best make it.
Garbage classification not only benefits the environment, and it can reduce the workload of workers. More important, it can help us develop a sense of rules and form good habits for yourselves. What's more, the garbage where is classified can be recycled and turned into valueless resources.
The lecture will be held in the hall at 9 am next Sunday. I hope you can all come and join in us. Making a contribution to garbage classification, please.
Yours,
Hongqi Community 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的英国笔友John得知你所在的班级每节英语课前都轮流由一名同学做“Two-minute presentation”，特发来邮件询问情况。

请给他回复一封邮件，介绍相关情况。

内容包括：
1.活动情况；
2.对英语学习的帮助；
3.你的建议。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear John,
How are you going?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
12. C 13. C 14. B 15. B
16. D 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. F
21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32.
D 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. D
41. having
42. with 43. to know
44. comfortably
45. which 46. patient
47. when 48. participated
49. crises 50. fulfilment/fulfillment
51.(1).concerns→concerning
(2).known→know
(3).best后添加to
(4).and→but
(5).important→importantly
(6).yourselves→ourselves
(7).where→which/that
(8).valueless→valuable
(9).去掉in
(10).Making→Make
52.略。