2020-2021学年上海市北虹高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析

2020-2021学年上海市北虹高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案
解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
No one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.
It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.
The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.
By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.
1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?
A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.
B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.
C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.
D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.
2. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.
B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.
C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.
D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.
3. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.
B. To introduce the early history of printing.
C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.
D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.
B
If you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.
The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.
“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”
“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”
Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.
The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.
“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”
“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s
ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.
4. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Changed.
B. Prevented.
C. Started.
D. Recorded.
5. Why is open monitoring meditation different?
A. It is just aimed at a single object.
B. It clears your mind of everything.
C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.
D. It focuses on where the mind travels.
6. What did the researchers do for the study
A. They hired people who had meditated before.
B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.
C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.
D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a Hurry
B. You’re Able to Recognize Errors Consciously
C. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More Active
D. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer Mistakes
C
It’s a little before8 a.m. when Mathias Schergen pushes open the side door at Chicago’s Jenner Elementary Academy for the Arts. He walks down the hall toward the office to sign in. It’s the same routine he’s had as Jenner’s art teacher for nearly a quarter century. “It’s going to be a good day,” a colleague calls out. “It’s a good day.” They hug. It seems like a typical Friday. Except it’s not. After 23 years at Jenner Elementary, Schergen is retiring. Even on his last day, there are still art projects to finish.
Schergen leaves behind a richlegacyat this school. He’s won grants (拨款) for art projects. He turned an empty classroom into a museum. He’s pushed his students to make art about their lives. And he was awarded a Golden Apple — the most honorable teaching award in Chicago. But it wasn’t always easy. For years, Schergen taught in one of the city’s toughest neighborhoods. “When I first got my room, I noticed there were bullet holes in the window. That made me nervous,” he says. So he stuffed Beanie Babies in the holes to make it “look kind of funny”. “I didn’t even tell my wife for a whole year,” he says. “I didn’t want her to know.”
With one hour to go, Schergen piles the chairs and sweeps the floor. He cleans out the sink for the last time. Fifth-grader Deontae Barnes, one of his best helpers, has watched him say goodbye all day. He wanders in the doorway. “Ah, come here, son,” Schergen says, signaling him over. He bends down for a hug. “Thank you for making these last days special and being a help to me.”
When Deontae leaves, a reporter asks Schergen: When your kids ask why you’re retiring, what do you tell
them? “I just tell them that grown people have dreams too,” he says. “I have other things in my life I have to do. It’s time. It’s just time.”
8. Why is it a special Friday for Schergen?
A. He was retiring on that day.
B. He won an honor for his school.
C. He was interviewed by a reporter.
D. He received a Golden Apple award.
9. What does the underlined word “legacy” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Art projects.
B. Great achievements.
C. Respect from students.
D. Change in teaching.
10. What made Schergen nervous when he first got to the school?
A. Safety concerns in the school.
B. The poorly-equipped classroom.
C. Being misunderstood by his family.
D. Students’ poor academic performance.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A.A Typical Day for an Art Teacher
B. Time for Art Projects
C. A Teacher’s Final Day at School
D. The Last Art Class
D
Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self­conscious (难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the color1 s. Research suggests warm color1 s fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm color1 s like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold color1 s make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makesyou less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12­inch plate instead of a 10­inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total
intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
12. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____________.
A. their home comforts
B. their body shape
C. house buying
D.healthy diets
13. A home environment in blue can help people ______________.
A. digest food better
B. reduce food intake
C. burn more calories
D. regain their appetites
14. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A. Eat quickly.
B. Play fast music.
C. Use smaller spoons.
D. Turn down the lights.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Is Your House Making You Fat?
B. Waysof Serving Dinner
C. Effects of Self­Consciousness
D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
How similar are language and music?
Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world.___16___Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.
Both language and music have a writing system.
In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes（音符）to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music.___17___By writing pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition（作品）of someone who lived hundreds of years ago.
___18___
You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.
Both share emotion.
___19___Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words.
Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. Whenyou feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness.___20___I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics（歌词）.
A.Both are expressive.
B.Both vary with culture.
C.How do you know that I am angry?
D.We use language to express our thoughts.
E.Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives.
F.So just as you read English, you can read music.
G.In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Years ago,I had a quarrel with a friend owing to a misunderstanding. It was .___21___my fault, but I was afraid to admit that I was wrong, so we didn’t speak for a long time. Several years later we came across each other and decided to meet for lunch. It was so___22___that we kept meeting. After two or three meals together,I felt___23___to apologize for my behavior years earlier.
My experience is never unique. Many people___24___apologizing because the idea of admitting to wrong behavior makes them___25___uncomfortable. Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always___26___our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won’t____27___our apology. We all like to___28___ourselves as good people—as kind, honest and considerate. For these___29___, an apology can be very difficult to give.
Given my____30____, there is no doubt that an apology is a vital tool for____31____a relationship to make it functional again. Usually, a(n)____32____apology is called for, but if the victim is angry at the wrong behavior, it may be more____33____to wait, because their____34____may prevent them from accepting our apologies. Also a delay____35____an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the offender has time to reflect on his/ her____36____. But a heartfelt apology has more powerful effects, which can improve our mental health and repair our____37____personal relationships.____38____,expressing regret and acknowledging responsibility are equally vital. Without____39____, it’s a good reason of your actions ; without responsibility, it’s an excuse.
My friend and I had lunch recently, 15 years after my belated apology. Admitting that everything had been my
fault helped us heal our relationship. We’re both____40____to have our friendship today.
21. A. hardly B. narrowly C. completely D. usually
22. A. pleasant B. awkward C. ridiculous D. strange .
23. A. surprised B. comfortable C. terrible D. forced
24. A. allow B. avoid C. appreciate D. advocate
25. A. regretfully B. easily C. slightly D. terribly
26. A. go back to B. look up to C. give way to D. live up to
27. A. accept B. analyze C. exchange D. check
28. A. serve B. view . C. present D. treat
29. A. reasons B. contents C. comments D. examples
30. A. need B. sense C. experience D. character
31. A. developing B. rebuilding C. announcing D. practicing
32. A. frequent B. permanent C. immediate D. formal
33. A. convenient B. effective C. adventurous D. inspiring
34. A. anxiety B. curiosity C. anger D. worry
35. A. discovers B. records C. supplies D. increases
36. A. misdeeds B. reputations C. questions D. decisions .
37. A. damaged B. disturbed C. required D. disabled
38. A. Instead B. Thus C. Meanwhile D. However
39. A. challenge B. regret C. expression D. influence
40. A. tolerant B. cautious C. enthusiastic . D. appreciative
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Chang’e-5MissionSuccessfully Returns Moon samples to Earth
After weeks of space travel, China’s Chang’e-5 probe(探测) came to Earth____41.____fresh lunar rock and soil samples on the morning of Dec.17,2020, the returner capsule of____42.____landed at the designated landing site in Siziwang Banner in northChina’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Zhang Kejian, head of____43.____China National Space Agency(CNSA), declared Chang’e-5 mission a success,____44.____(mark) the conclusion ofChina’s lunar exploration.
At a____45.____(high) about 10 km above ground, a parachute (降落伞) opened, and the returner
landed____46.____(smooth).
An air team who were in helicopters____47.____(spot ) the capsule using infrared(红外线的) cameras, while a ground team followed in SUVs to reach the landing site____48.____(cover) with snow.
____49.____the scientists did on Chang’e-5 paid off at last, which inspires more and more Chinese people_____50._____(devote) themselves to further space research.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It was very cold and there was few people in the street. I was going home after jogging last night while I sensed something following me. Feeling a little frightened, I was quickened my pace hoping to get home as early as possible. Just at that moment, I heard a strange noise, that made my heart beat wildly. I looked around only to find the little dog walking behind me. It scare me so much that I held my breath. Trembled with cold, the little dog looked so pity. So we decided to take it home in case it was frozen death.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，是新华中学高二・2班学生。

你校最近举行了学校篮球赛，你班获得冠军。

请你给英国笔友Alan写一封邮件，介绍篮球赛决赛情况。

邮件内容包括：
1.比赛的经过；
2.你在比赛中担任的角色（如球员、观众等）；
3.你的感受。

注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.结尾已为你写好。

Dear Alan,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C
12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. E 17. F 18. B 19. C 20. G
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32.
C 33. B 34. C 35.
D 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. with
42. which 43. the
44. marking
45. height 46. smoothly
47. spotted
48. covered
49. What 50. to devote
51.(1). was→were
(2). while→when
(3).去掉quickened前面的was
(4). that→which
(5). the→a
(6). scare→scared
(7). Trembled→Trembling
(8). pity→pitiful
(9). we→I
(10). frozen后加to
52.略。