2020学年高中英语Module1EuropeSectionⅣOtherPartsoftheModu

Module 1 Europe Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
[原文呈现]
The European Union①
What Is the European Union?
The European Union is an organisation of European countries. The countries are independent②and are governed③in different ways. In the United Kingdom, for example, the head④ of state is a king or queen. In France, on the other hand⑤ , the head of state is a president. But each of them sends representatives⑥ to the European Parliament⑦，which has some control over what happens⑧ in each of the member countries.
How Did It Start⑨
The idea of the European Union began in the 1950s⑩. The first members were France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy. Little by little⑪， the number increased⑫ during the second half of the twentieth century. By⑬ the year 2000, there were 15 member countries. The new countries were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
How Many Countries Belong to⑭It Now?
In 2004, the European Union increased to 25 members. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, plus⑮ the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta all became members. The expanded⑯ European Union has a population of⑰ more than⑱ half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States⑲.
[读文清障]
①the European Union欧盟
②independent adj. 独立的
③govern/'ɡʌvn/vt. 统治；治理
government n．政府governor n．统治者
④head/hed/n. 领袖；领导人
⑤on the other hand另一方面；反过来说
on the one hand 一方面
⑥representative/ˌreprI'zentətIv/n. 代表
⑦parliament/'pɑːləmənt/n. 国会；议会
⑧which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，不能用that来代替。

该定语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句，作over的宾语，其中what在宾语从句中作主语。

⑨start v．开始，发起，创建
⑩in the 1950s在20世纪50年代
⑪little by little一点点地；逐渐地
⑫increase v．增加
其后可接介词by(增加了)或to(增加到)。

⑬by在此处表示“到；截止到……为止”
⑭belong to属于
此短语不用于被动语态或进行时态。

⑮plus prep.加上
⑯expanded为过去分词作定语。

(表示被动或动作已完成)
⑰have a population of有……人口
⑱more than多于；超过
⑲twice as big as ...……的两倍大，此处相当于which is twice as big as ...
倍数表达法：倍数词＋as ... as ...；倍数词＋比较级＋than ...；倍数词＋the ＋n.＋of ...
欧盟
欧盟是什么？
欧盟是欧洲各国的一个组织。

这些国家是独立的，并且它们用不同的方式管理。

例如，英国的国家元首是国王或女王。

另一方面，法国的国家元首是总统。

但每个国家都向欧洲议会派遣代表，该议会对每个成员国所发生的事情都有一定的控制力。

欧盟是如何创建的？
创建欧盟这一想法始于20世纪50年代。

最初的成员国有法国、联邦德国、比利时、卢森堡、荷兰和意大利。

在20世纪后半叶，成员国的数量逐渐增加。

到2000年，发展到15个成员国。

新的成员国有奥地利、丹麦、芬兰、希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典和英国。

欧盟现在有多少个成员国？
2004年，欧盟扩展到25个成员国。

捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、斯洛伐克共和国、斯洛文尼亚再加上地中海的塞浦路斯和马耳他都成了欧盟成员国。

扩大后的欧盟拥有五亿多人口，是美国人口的两倍。

Read the text in “Cultural Corner” quickly and choose the best answers.
1．Which of the following is RIGHT about the European Union?
A．An organisation of different cities.
B．An independent country governed by the queen.
C．An organisation of European countries.
2．Which of the following countries does NOT belong to the first members of the European Union?
A．France. B．Lebanon. C．Belgium.
3．How many members are there in the European Union in the year 2000?
A．9. B．15. C．6.
4．What’s the population of the United States?
A．0.5 billion.
B．0.25 billion.
C．1 billion.
答案：1～4 CBBB
一、这样记单词
这种药对她的健康会产生相反的作用。

②The two heads’ opinions are_opposite_to each other.
这两位领导人的意见相左。

③He tends to get angry when people oppose (opposite) to his plan.
别人反对他的意见时，他很容易生气。

④He is strongly opposed (oppose) to giving casual holidays.
他坚决反对无故临时放假。

2．(教材P7)Do we know how many people the third sentence refers to?
我们知道第三个句子提到了几个人吗？
refer to 提到，谈到，涉及；参考，查阅；指的是
写出下列句中refer to的含义
①She referred to the landmark in her report.提到
②Can we refer to our textbooks when we are in the exam? 参考
③When I was saying the paper, I wasn’t referring to the agreement.指的是
④The new law does not refer to the land used for farming. 涉及
[名师点津] (1)refer to短语中to是介词，后可接名词、代词或动名词，不接动词不定式。

(2)常见的to为介词的动词短语还有：
①stick to坚持
②object to 反对
③pay attention to 注意
④look forward to 期待
3．(教材P7)France and Germany aren’t going to sign the agreement.
法国和德国不打算签署这个协议。

sign vt.签署；签名 vi.打手势，示意n．手势；符号；招牌；征兆，迹象写出下列句中sign的含义
①In the agreement I saw his name sign in larger letter by chance. 签署
②The son used sign language to tell his mother what happened. 手势
③T he letter shows no sign that the Americans have softened their position. 迹象
④The sign on the bus read “Private: Not In Service”. 标牌
⑤You’ve left out a plus sign. 符号
(1)sign (to sb.) to do sth. 打手势(让某人)做某事
sign in/out 签到/签退
sign up (for) 报名参加
(2)a sign of ... ……的迹象；征兆
⑥She signed to the children to_be (be) quiet.
她示意孩子们安静下来。

⑦For safety reasons, please sign in when you arrive at the building, and sign out when you leave.
基于安全考虑，请在抵达大楼时签到，离去时签退。

[巧学助记]
agreement n．[C]协议；契约[U](意见等的)一致；赞成；同意
(1)make/reach/come to/arrive at an agreement
达成协议
sign an agreement 签署协议
(2)agree v. 同意，赞成
agree with 同意(意见、看法等)；
(食物、天气、工作、水等)
适合某人；与……一致
agree to sth. 同意(计划、建议、决定等)
agree on 就某事达成一致意见
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
他坚持要把契约白纸黑字地写下来。

②It is reported that they signed an agreement (agree) about education.
据报道他们签署了一项关于教育的协议。

③The two cities have reached/made/come to/arrived at an agreement to develop science and technology.
这两个城市就发展科学技术达成了一项协议。

④I agree with what you say.
我同意你说的。

[名师点津] (1)后接表示人的名词或代词时，一般只用 agree with。

(2)agree不能接不定式的复合结构，所以汉语的“同意某人做某事”，不能直译为agree sb. to do sth., 而应根据情况改用其他结构：
他们同意我去。

正：They agreed to let me go.
正：They agreed to my going.
误：They agreed me to go.
4．(教材P9) In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union
compared with China?
就面积和人口来说，与中国相比，欧盟有多大？
in terms of 按照……；就……而言
in the long term 从长远来看
in the short term 就眼前来看
be on good/friendly/bad terms (with sb.)
(与某人)关系好/坏
①In terms of population, China is the largest country in the world.
就人口而言，中国是世界上最多的国家。

②Even small improvements can make a great difference in_the_long_term.
从长远看，即使很小的改善也能引起一个很大的差异。

③All of my roommates are on good terms with each other.
我的室友们关系都很好。

[名师点津] in terms of 是高考中的高频短语，属于“in＋n.＋of”结构。

类似的短语还有：
①in need of需要②in place of代替，取代
③in honor of 为了纪念④in case of 如果，假使
compared with/to与……相比较(常在句中作状语)
(1)compare A with B 把A和B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
(2)comparison n. 比较
和他相比，我只是一个初学者。

②Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚曾把世界比作舞台。

③Compared (compare) with many women, she was very fortunate.
和许多女人相比，她算是很幸运的了。

④This book is funny and easy to understand in comparison (compare)．
相比较来说，这本书很有趣而且容易理解。

5．(教材P9) Little by little, the number increased during the second half of the twentieth century.
在20世纪后半叶，成员国的数量逐渐增多。

little by little 逐渐地；一点点地
①He’ll learn Chinese little by little.
他会逐渐掌握汉语。

②Little_by_little we began to get to know him.
渐渐地我们开始了解他。

[名师点津] 与little by little 有类似结构的短语还有：
①year by year一年年地
②one by one 一个接一个地
③bit by bit 一点一点地
④step by step 逐步地
⑤side by side 肩并肩
6．(教材P9) How Many Countries belong to It Now?
欧盟现在有多少个成员国？
belong to属于；是……的成员
①The island belongs to Spain.
这个小岛隶属于西班牙。

②He belongs (belong) to the golf club.
他是高尔夫俱乐部的成员。

[名师点津] (1)belong to 中的to是介词，后面接名词、代词等。

(2)belong to 不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。

③—a. The house is belonging to my brother.(×)
③—b. The house is belonged to my brother.(×)
③—c. The house belongs to my b rother.(√)
这房子是我哥哥的。

1．But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries.
但是每个国家都向欧洲议会派遣代表，该议会对每个成员国所发生的事情都有一定的控制力。

句中what happens in each of the member countries为what引导的宾语从句，作介词over的宾语。

what 常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：
(1)它在相应的名词性从句中有一定的意义，常表示“什么”、“所……的”、“……的样子”等。

(2)它在相应的名词性从句中作句子成分，而且常作主语、宾语或表语。

①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
过去认为不可能的事现在已经变成现实。

②No one can tell what_will_happen_next.
没人能够预见往后会发生什么。

③This book is just what I have been looking for.
这本书正是我一直在找寻的那本书。

[名师点津] that 也可以引导名词性从句，但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中不作任何句子成分。

④What worried her was that her son was addicted to computer games.
让她担心的是她儿子沉迷于电脑游戏。

2．The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States.
扩大后的欧盟拥有五亿多人口，是美国人口的两倍。

句中的twice as big as ...是一种倍数表达方式。

倍数表达法的三种基本形式为：
(1) ...倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as ...
①Asia is four times as big as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

(2) ...倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than ...
②Asia is four times bigger (big) than Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

(3) ...倍数＋the size/length/width/height/depth of ...
③Asia is_four_times_the_size_of Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

[名师点津] 英语中，用twice或double表示两倍；三倍及三倍以上用times, 如three times, four times。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I have examined all the documents referring (refer) to the matter.
2．Hot is opposite to cold.
3．Many students signed up for the 800­meter­long race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
4．The two sides have finally reached an agreement (agree), though some small differences still exist.
5．Many developed countries have agreed to_help (help) the less developed ones but it remains to be seen whether they will take action or not.
6．It is difficult to find a satisfying job today. This job is great in terms of salary, but it has some disadvantages.
7．Little by little, the wind died down and people began to appear on the street.
8．Compared (compare) with a quite ordinary star, like the sun, the earth is small indeed.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. Little_by_little,_his eyes adjusted to the light.
逐渐地，他的眼睛适应了光线。

2．Which of the two techniques is better in_terms_of application?
就应用而言，这两种技术哪一种更好？
3．Just compare_the_room that has been cleaned with the others.
把打扫过的房间与其他的作比较。

4．The teacher often tells us the future belongs_to_us.
老师经常告诉我们未来属于我们。

5．If you don’t know what it means, refer_to_the_dictionary.
如果你不知道它的意思，可以查字典。

6．The house opposite_ours was burnt down last night.
我们家对面的房子昨晚烧毁了。

7．Do not put off till tomorrow what_you_can_do_today.
今天可以干好的事情绝不要拖到明天。

8．The big stone is three_times_as_heavy as that one.
这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What is the feature (特点) of today’s TV program?
2．On Tuesday the country’s parliament (议会) voted to establish its own army.
3．Many representatives (代表) of the older generation were there.
4．The country is right now governed (统治) by a group of army officers.
5．The hospital has an ideal geographical (地理的) location.
6．Flooding is likely in some coastal regions (地区) of the northeast during the early part of the week.
7．On the opposite (对面的) wall is hanging one map as well as dozens of pictures.
8．Is there an agreement (协议) on how much aid will be sent?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Little on little, we began to get to know the representative.on→by
2．Prices are always rising these days. Up to now, the petrol price has increased to 20%.increased后的to→by
3．The whole population of the city were excited about the victory of Guangzhou Evergrande.were→was
4．On the one hand, they’d love to go abroad; but on other hand, they don’t want to leave their hometown.other前加the
5．The book belonged to me.belonged→belongs
6．The new building is twice as taller as the old one beside it.taller→tall_ Ⅲ.选词填空
But, on_the_other_hand,_if
healthy, don’t think of it as losing money; think of it as saving lives.
2．John hadn’t been able to stop smoking suddenly; he had to control his smoking desire_little_by_little.
3．You must not be governed by the opinions of others; instead, you should stick to your own view.
4．India has_a_population_of more than 1 billion.
5．In_terms_of speed and comfort, a bicycle can’t be compared with other means of transportation like car and train.
6．I got nervous when the woman seated opposite kept staring at me.
7.The number of the workers in this factory has increased_to 300.
8．What I have to say refers_to all of you.
9．The dictionary as well as grammar books that have bookmarks in them belongs_to Jane.
10．Though I am improving in my study, I still have a long way to go compared_with some of my classmates.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The price of beer ranged from 50 cents to ＄4 per litre during summer.
2．Jerry was very excited to see the playground where she used to play football covered (cover) with lots of snow.
3．Shanghai, situated (situate) on the Huangpu River, is the largest city of China.
4．About 30 percent of the pupils were (be) absent that day.
5．Not until he went through real hardship did_he_realise (he realise) the love we have for our families is important.
6．I think he eats my food because of his greed, not hunger.
7．Sweet foods such as chocolate can cause you to put on weight.
8．Do you know that Yuan Longping is known as father of hybrid rice?
9．Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have_dreamed (dream) about taking a great bike trip.
10．Facing (face) the great fame, Li Yugang still keeps modest.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．For a moment nothing happened. Then came_voices all shouting together.
一时间什么都没有发生。

接着传来了所有人一起大喊的声音。

2．I am_often_asked to do this job.
我经常被要求做这份工作。

3．Both bread and milk are_good_for your health.
面包和牛奶对你的健康都有好处。

4．Either the teacher or the students are_to_blame.
或者老师或者学生们负有责任。

5．Doing eye exercises is_good_for your eyes.
做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

6．Whether they will hold a party or not has_not_been_decided.
他们还没有决定是否举行派对。

7．His family are_waiting_for him.
他的家人正在等他。

8．The mother along with her two children goes_to_the_park every weekend.
这位母亲和她的两个孩子每个周末都要去公园。

二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the early part of the twentieth century, racism (种
族歧视) was widespread in the United States. Many African
Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or
employment. Marian Anderson (1897－1993) was an African
American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this
climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in
church choirs during her childhood. When she asked for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was refused because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for religious activities. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City.
Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed (反对) it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75,000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist (独唱) to sing in the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as “heard only once in a hundred years”. She was a US delegate (代表) to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism.
语篇解读：本文介绍了美国黑人歌唱家玛丽安·安德生如何凭着自身实力和勤奋战胜了种族歧视，获得了事业上的成功。

1．According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?
A．She studied at a music school.
B．She sang for religious activities.
C．She sang at Town Hall in New York.
D．She studied voice in Europe.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第一段“Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for religious activities.”可知在1917年到1929年之间Anderson为宗教活动唱歌。

选B。

2．Toscanini thought that Marian Anderson ________.
A．had a very rare (稀有的) voice
B．sang occasionally in public
C．sang only once in many years
D．was seldom heard by people
解析：选A 推理判断题。

由第二段“The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as ’heard only once in a hundred years’．”可知Toscanini说她的嗓音是百年难得一见的，所以是稀少的，故选A。

3. Anderson’s beautiful voice was first recognized ________.
A．at the Lincoln Memorial
B．in Washington, DC.
C．in Europe
D．at the United Nations
解析：选 C 细节理解题。

由第一段倒数第二、三句“... she went to Europe ... praised throughout Europe.”可知她的美妙的声音一开始是在欧洲被认可。

选C。

4．This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US by ________.
A．opposing the government
B．working for the United Nations
C．singing in the streets
D．working hard to perfect her art
解析：选D 主旨大意题。

由文章主旨可知，Anderson凭着认真工作使得她的艺术完美，借此击败种族歧视。

选D。

Ⅱ.语法填空
In India, a lot of elephants aren’t wild. Instead, they are domesticated (驯养的). They aren’t kept as pets, __1__ as working animals. Every working elephant has its own keeper. An elephant and its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young. __2__ (develop) a strong and lasting relationship, the elephant and its keeper grow up together. In fact, __3__ (they) relationship continues for the rest of the elephant’s life — perhaps 40 years. Lots of elephants work in the forest, __4__ (move) heavy trees after they are cut down. Some give rides to tourists, or carry people during __5__(celebrate) and festivals. Keepers try to take good care of their elephants, feeding them well and giving them __6__ bath at the end of the working day.
Another animal __7__ is treated in a special way in India is the cow. Cows are __8__ (protect) animals, so they aren’t kept on farms or killed __9__ food, although people do use their milk. So in India you can often see cows walking around in a town or city, and nobody tries to control them. If they sit down in the middle of the road, people __10__ (usual) try to keep away from them. Do you think it’s interesting?
语篇解读：本文为说明文。

文章主要介绍了印度两种特别的动物。

1．but not ... but ...是习惯搭配，意思是“不是……而是……”。

2．To develop “To develop a strong and lasting relationship”是不定式短语作目的状语。

3．their 空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词relationship，需用形容词性物主
代词。

4．moving “moving heavy trees after they are cut down”是现在分词短语作状语，表示方式。

5．celebrations 空格中所填单词在句中作介词during的宾语，需用celebrate的名词形式。

6．a give sb. a bath意思是“给某人洗澡”。

7．that/which 关系代词that/which修饰先行词animal，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

8．protected protected animals意思是“受保护动物”。

9．for for此处表示目的。

10．usually 空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用usual的副词形式。