绝密★启用前 2012年北京联合大学高职升本科专业基础课考试 考试科目 英语综合（A 卷） （总分：100分 考试时间：120分钟） 注意事项： 1． 共 17 页，用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上。
2．I. Reading Comprehension （本大题共20 个小题，每空2 分，共40 分） Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 In the early 18th century, children did not choose what they wanted to be when they grew up. Most girls did not have professions, but rather grew up to become wives and mothers. Boys, particularly the sons of tradesmen, had their futures decided for them by their fathers. Josiah Franklin intended for his tenth or "tithe" son, Benjamin, to devote his life to the "Service of the Church." But as Josiah could afford to send Benjamin to school for only one year, a career in the clergy was impossible. Instead, the lad began working for his father/////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题准考证号 姓名：/////¤/////¤/////in the family soap business.As young Benjamin had always been a bookish lad, his father determined that a trade in printing would prove a suitable match. Moreover, as Ben's older brother James was already in the printing trade, it was determined that the younger brother would be a printing apprentice to the elder brother. Franklin to his delight had access to a wide range of books. He also borrowed books from clients. He read eagerly and even began skipping meals and using the money he saved to buy books.During this time Franklin struck up a friendship with another bookish Boston boy named John Collins. At one point Collins and Franklin had a written debate on the "Propriety of educating the Female Sex in Learning, and their Abilities for Study." Collins felt that it was improper to teach girls, while Franklin argued that females should be educated. Josiah Franklin read the debate letters and judged that his son needed to be more attentive to his style of writing, vocabulary, elegance of expression and "method of perspicuity(明晰)."Franklin undertook teaching himself to write through reading the newspapers of the era and by an exercise in which he would take poems and translate them into stories and by turning stories into verse. In this way, Franklin felt he became a "tolerable English Writer."1. Why did boys fail to choose what they wanted to be when they grew up in the early 18th century?A. Because their futures were decided by their wives.B. Because their futures were decided by their fathers.C. Because their futures were decided by their mothers.D. Because their futures were decided by their children.2. To develop his career in the "Service of the Church.", like anyone else at that time Benjamin was supposed to …before ?A. work for his father in the family businessB.. have one year education in schoolC. get support from his rich fatherD. get good educations 3. What does the phrase ―skipping meals‖ (Line5, para.3) mean________? A. eating quickly over reading B. having meals quickly C. running for meals D. missing meals 4. Which of the following statements is true? A. Collins judged that his son didn’t need to be more attentive to his style of writing. B. Franklin broke up with another bookish Boston boy named John Collins. C. Franklin argued that females should be educated. D. Collins argued that it was proper to teach girls. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. How Benjamin Franklin grew up to be a good writer. B. How tradesmen determined their sons’ future. C. How John Collins helped his friend. D. How Josiah Franklin treated his son. Passage 2 There are some 7,000 languages spoken in the world, and half of them could be gone by 2100. To rescue these languages, two linguists decided to use a combination of digital recording technology and the Internet. K. David Harrison and Gregory Anderson are compiling what they call "talking dictionaries." Some of the languages they recorded have never been documented before. In 2010, they made the first recordings of Koro, for example, a/////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题准考证号 姓名：/////¤/////¤/////language spoken by only a few hundred people in northeastern India.The dictionaries so far contain more than 32,000 word entries in eight endangered languages, with over 24,000 audio recordings of native speakers pronouncing words and sentences. Some of the work is available online. In one case, a community in Papua New Guinea that speaks a language called Matukar Panau, with only 600 speakers, asked that the language be put on the Internet even though it was only in the last two years that their village received electricity.Another example is Chamacoco, spoken in Paraguay by only 1,200 people. In the United States, the team is working with the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians in Oregon on reviving their language. Even languages that have written forms can be endangered: one of the groups Harrison and Anderson work with speaks Ho, which is spoken by a million people in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The people who speak it have been under pressure to assimilate with the larger tongues that surround it.Harrison, associate professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College, and Anderson, president of the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, are presenting their work today at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Vancouver, British Columbia. Preserving language can become an important part of preserving the cultures of smaller and marginalized groups. Living languages also tell scientists a lot about the past evolution of language itself.6.What K. David Harrison and Gregory Anderson are compiling iscalled "talking dictionaries." (Line4, para.1), for the "talking dictionaries are used to ____________?e some 7,000 languages in the world.B.speak Koro, a language in northeastern India.C.record the languages with a use of digital recordingtechnology and the Internet.pile 7,000 languages spoken in the world.7. How many recordings are contained in the "talking dictionaries"? A. more than 32,000 B. over 24,000 C. only 600 D. about 8 8. Which of the following statements is true? A. The language, Ho, is spoken in Paraguay by a million people. B. The language, Ho, is spoken in Paraguay by only 1,200 people. C. The language, Chamacoco, is spoken in Paraguay by only 1,200 people. D. The language, Chamacoco, is spoken in Paraguay by a million people. 9. What does the word ―tongue‖ (Line 6, para.3) mean________? A. language B. organ C. influence D. culture 10. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to rescue the languages. B. How to make ―talking dictionaries‖. C. How to compile dictionaries. D. How to revive the languages. Passage 3 Marriages are happier when wives are thinner than their husbands, according to a new study. Researchers at the University of Tennessee studied the BMI (body mass index, a common measure of obesity) of nearly 170 newlywed couples, along with their marital/////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题准考证号 姓名：/////¤/////¤/////satisfaction over time. Andrea Meltzer, the lead author and a doctoral candidate at UT, told Discovery News that "We found this effect initially on husbands' satisfaction at the beginning of marriage... husbands were more satisfied at the time of marriage to the extent that their wives had a lower BMI than themselves." The fact that men tend to be happier with a thinner wife may not be surprising, but Meltzer and her colleagues also found that women who had a lower BMI than their husbands were significantly more satisfied with their marriage over time. Thinner wives make both spouses happier."Wives are happier to the extent that their husbands are happy," Meltzer explained. "If we were looking at another quality that was more important to women than men -- say, economic resources -- we might see opposite effects. Women might be more satisfied to the extent that their partners are making more money than they are." "This study is important because it demonstrates that woman of any size can be happy in their relationships with the right partner. It's not necessarily striving for thinness per se, but striving to be thinner than their partner," Meltzer said.Thus overweight or obese women (which, statistically, is the majority of women in America) seeking a happy marriage might choose a heavier husband, or else choose an average-weight partner and lose enough weight that they are thinner by comparison. Body size is only one of many factors that contribute to overall marriage satisfaction, though it does seem to be important to both men and women.The preference for thinner partners goes both ways, of course. It's not just guys looking for a thin girlfriend or wife: Studies show that both men and women across the board express a strong preference for thinner partners. Another possible factor behind the findings (besides attractiveness) is that marital satisfaction is also correlated with partner health. "Couples are more satisfied to theextent that their partner is healthy," Meltzer noted. Thinner women will, on average, be healthier than overweight or obese ones, thus improving the marriage for both partners. 11. Which of the following does not support the statement that ―Thinner wives make both spouses happier‖ in paragraph 1. A. Marriages are happier when wives are thinner than their husbands. B. Husbands were more satisfied at the time of marriage when their wives had a lower BMI than themselves. C. The fact that men tend to be happier with a thinner wife may not be surprising. D. women who had a higher BMI than their husbands were significantly more satisfied with their marriage over time. 12. According to Meltzer, woman of any size can be happy in their relationships with the right partner. The right partner means ________. A. the one who is richer and thinner than her. B. the one who is richer and heavier than her. C. the one who is poorer and thinner than her. D. the one who is poorer and thinner than her. 13. Which factor is not mentioned in paragraph 4 on why both men and women express a strong preference for thinner partners ? A. health. B. overweight. C. attractiveness. D. economic resources. 14. What does the word ―obese‖ (Line 6, para.3) mean ? A. overweight/////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题准考证号 姓名：/////¤/////¤/////B. heavyC. largeD. small15. What is the passage mainly about?A. marital satisfaction and heathB. marital satisfaction and body weightC. marital satisfaction and average weightD. marital satisfaction and its related factorsPassage 4Dogs, but not chimpanzees, can understand human pointing gestures. Domestication and years of living with humans have likely given dogs an evolved ability to pay attention to, and understand, human visual communication. Dogs may be born with this inherent gift, since 6-week-old puppies with no major training possess it. Chimpanzees may be our closest living relatives, but they do not understand us as well as dogs do.The study in the latest issue of PLoS ONE found that chimpanzees could care less when people pointed to objects, but dogs paid attention and knew precisely what the person wanted. ―We think that we are looking at a special adaptation in dogs to be sensitive to human forms of communication,‖ co-author Juliane Kaminski, a cognitive psychologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, told Dis covery News. ―There is multiple evidence suggesting that selection pressures during domestication have changed dogs such that they are perfectly adapted to the human environment.‖For the study, Kaminski and her colleagues compared how well chimpanzees and dogs understood human pointing. The chimps failed, ignoring the human gestures, even though they were interested and motivated to get their food rewards. The dogs succeeded in the test. The chimpanzees failed to comprehend the referential intention of the human in the task. They did not see thepointing as important to their goal of getting the food, so they simply ignored the pe ople during the study. ―We know that chimpanzees have a very flexible understanding of others,‖ Kaminski said. ―They know what others can or cannot see when others can or cannot see them, etc.‖ Chimps are therefore not clueless, but they have likely not evolved the tendency to pay attention to humans when trying to achieve goals. Dogs can read human gestures from very early ages on. The breed of the animal may also factor in, according to Márta Gácsi, from Eötvös University, Hungary. Gácsi worked with a team of researchers to examine the performance of different breeds of dogs in making sense of the human pointing gesture. Kaminski said, ―We therefore need to study in more detail the mechanisms behind dogs’ understanding of human forms of communication.‖ 16. In comparison with chimpanzees, dogs can understand human pointing gestures, which may not be on account of the following reasons. A. their domestication. B. their years of living with humans. C. their being born with this inherent gift. D. their being not our closest living relatives. 17. Studies show that dogs were found to perform better in understanding us than Chimpanzees, because ____________. A. dogs paid attention and knew precisely what human beings wanted. B. chimpanzees were more sensitive to human forms of communication than dogs. C. chimpanzees could care more when people pointed to objects. D. dogs less paid attention and knew precisely what human beings wanted. 18. In the study, Kaminski and her colleagues found out that____________./////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题准考证号 姓名：/////¤/////¤/////A. the dogs failed in the test because they ignored the human gestures.B. the dogs succeeded in the test because they did not ignore the human pointing.C. the chimps failed in the test because they did not ignore the human pointing.D. the chimps succeeded in the test because they ignored the human gestures.19. About differences between Chimpanzees and dogs, which of the following is not true?A. Dogs did not evolve the tendency to read human gesturesfrom very early ages on.B. Chimps evolved the tendency to pay attention to humans inachieve goals.C. Chimps can read human gestures from very early ages on.D. Dogs can read human gestures from very early ages on.20. What is the passage mainly about?A. Dogs and ChimpanzeesB. Dogs and Human BeingsC. Chimpanzees and Human BeingsD. Chimpanzees and Human GesturesII. Cloze (本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分）Directions: There are fifteen blanks in this passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D at the bottom of the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then , mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.The feeling of depression is deeper, longer and more unpleasant__21__ the short periods of unhappiness we all have from time __22__ time. This presents a very bleak picture. However, it's __23__ to remember that depression isn't an absolute - it's not simply a case of either you're depressed or you're not. There's a progression from feeling __24__ to the full clinical illness described above. Even then, you won't __25__ from every symptom.Sometimes there may be an obvious reason for becoming __26__, sometimes not. There is usually more than one cause and different people have __27__ reasons. It may seem obvious__28__ – there may be life events or changes in circumstance such as a relationship breakdown, bereavement or even the birth of a child – but sometimes it's not clear. Either way, it can become so __29__ that you need help. Often people don't realize __30__ depressed they are, because the depression has come on __31__. They may try to struggle on and cope by keeping busy. This can make them even more stressed and exhausted. This can cause physical pains, such as constant __32__, or sleeplessness.Depression is also a feature of many other illnesses and conditions, which may need to be __33__with tests and investigations. The symptoms of depression include the following: loosing __34__ in life, finding it harder to make decisions, not coping with things that used to be manageable, exhaustion, feeling restless and agitated, __35__ of appetite and weight, and difficulties getting to sleep.21. A. than B. thenC. likeD. as 22. A. in B. on C. to D. on 23. A. importance B. important C. importantly D. unimportant 24. A. black B. red C. blue D. yellow 25. A. suffer B. have/////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题 准考证号 姓名： /////¤/////¤/////C. changeD. feel26. A. depressed B. impressedC. depressingD. impressing27. A. difference B. differentC. indifferenceD. indifferent28. A. what B. whereC. whyD. when29. A. worse B. badC. goodD. better30. A. what B. howC. whyD. where31. A. gradually B. suddenlyC. quicklyD. obviously32. A. worries B. headachesC. sadnessD. exhaustion33. A. checked in B. checked outC. checked offD. checked for34. A. interesting B. interestedC. interestD. interestingly35. A. presence B. lossC. presentingD. looseIII. Vocabulary & Structure（本大题共30个小题，每小题0.5分,共15分）Directions: In this part, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the sentences and choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.36. The drop in value of computers after a year or two is so great that some university students buy secondary computers ________new ones.A. other thanB. rather thanC. in place ofD. in the place of37. ________ we still admire Confucius, it is true that we don’t agree with everything he says.A. IfB. asC. AlthoughD. Whether38. It is said that a high forehead is thought to be a ____ of intelligence.A. symptomB. signC. signalD. symbol39. In that culture, ________ is generally considered a disadvantage for men.A. being shortB. shortC. not to be tallD. not tall40. Everybody knows that _______ we are of one mind, we can surely make our company a success.A. unlessB. untilC. as far asD. as long as41. The study shows that smoking can ____ the developing baby by holding back its growth.A. effectB. affectC. influenceD. change42. The Government's response was to set up a committee to look _____ this event as soon as it happened.A. atB. afterC. upD. into43. Gone are the days when we are looked _____ _____ in theworld.A. on downB. down againstC. down belowD. down upon 44. _____ this day, these experiences are still _____ great value.A. To, withB. To, ofC. On, inD. Until, at/////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题 准考证号 姓名： /////¤/////¤/////45. We are trained to make our speeches free _____ impolite remarks _____ others.A. for, againstB. from, forC. from, againstD. in, towards46. She told us what had happen briefly, but she left _____ a few of significant details.A. outB. behindC. asideD. off47. Everybody says that she takes _____ his mother almost _____ everything.A. to, withB. after, inC. after, withD. from, like48. We have great confidence ______ these promising young teachers. They will be able to take ______ our jobs soon.A. for, overB. about, upC. in, overD. on, on49. We can’t figure _____ why our experts attach great importance_____ quantity instead of quality in statistics in economy.A. out, toB. in, ofC. to, offD. up, to50. The moment she got home, she set ___________ preparing dinner for her husband.A. toB. aboutC. forthD. out51. Hearing the news, she was so angry that her whole body ______.A. shookB. shiveredC. shudderedD. trembled52. ______ all our efforts, our Chinese people are building our motherland into a socialist powerful country in the world.A. WithB. ForC. Instead ofD. In spite53. The ice will break_______ when the warm weather comes.A. offB. downC. upD. away54. When he arrived at his hometown, he found that everything in his village was ________ it had been 20 years ago.A. asB. whatC. thatD. like55. There ________ no further business, I declare the meeting closed.A. beingB. beenC. having beenD. to be56. Little ______ that John would become a famous writer.A. we thoughtB. we thinkC. did we thinkD. we think of57. The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it58. Only when I left for my country ____ how much I had loved for my motherland.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. did I realizeD. had I realized59. After his girlfriend left, he cried her name ____ vain.A. forB. inC. onD. with60. The result was not he wanted, but she was quite content _____ the improvement. So _____ great relief, she went to sleep.A. with, withB. with, onC. of, withD. of, on61. From the earliest times the sea has been a place of secrets —a place of mysteries_________ from us by thousands of kilograms of water.A. hidingB. hiddenC. to hideD. to be hidden62. It is believed that students who speak and write English well are generally _______ as learned and intelligent and give a good/////¤/////¤/////密¤封¤装¤订¤线密封线内不要答题 准考证号 姓名： /////¤/////¤/////impression.A. seenB. being seenC. to seeD. see63. The exported products made in China sell well that are packed in ______ catch the consumer’s eye.A. a way thatB. such way as toC. ways so asD. such ways as to64. It is discussed that _____ both doors are opened in the hall can the audience leave as we expect in good order.A. untilB. no soonerC. only whenD. hardly ever65. Professor Yuan is reported ______ another breakthrough in his research.A. to makeB. to have madeC. makingD. having made5个小题，每小题3分,共15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.66. He is sure that his father will object to his going into businessright after his graduation.67. It is proved that the entry to WTO prompted us to speed up ourreform in our banking system.68. The boy bought this sharp knife at 10 sharp according to thetestimony, and the murder took place 20 minutes earlier. So he could not have been the murderer.69. The fireman found the child in a room, sound asleep. Theybrought him out of the fire and put him in a safe and sound place.70. We should remain neutral on this issue. We should not lean toeither side.1个小题， 共15分）71. Directions : 2012年6月，你将从大学毕业，所学专业是商贸英语。
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