Unit 5 Coronary Artery Disease
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冠心病英语【释义】coronary heart disease冠心病【短语】1冠心病监护室coronary care unit ; CCU2冠心病监护病房CCU ; coronary care unit3冠心病重症监护室CCU4冠心病心绞痛angina pectoris ; angina pectoris in CHD ; Coronary heart disease angina ; coronary heart disease5中国冠心病介入沙龙CISC ; Coronary Interventional Salon of China6稳定性冠心病SCAD ; Stable CAD ; stable angina pectoris ; stable coronary heart disease7老年冠心病Coronary artery disease ; elderly coronary heart disease ; ECHD ; Acute myocardial infarction8冠心病猝死Sudden Coronary Death ; SCD ; sudden cardiac death9早发冠心病premature coronary heart disease ; premature coronary artery disease ; premature ; Coronary lesion【例句】1 100年前,冠心病在美国几乎从未有过。
A hundred years ago coronary heart disease was virtually unknown in America.2冠心病的最高发病率在65岁以上的人群中。
The greatest occurrence of coronary heart disease is in those over 65.3压力普遍被认为能造成冠心病。
Coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), arteriosclerosis sex cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are the same disease different names. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis is refers to the coronary artery fat deposits of the cluster (these atheromatous plaques). Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化is a kind of typical of atherosclerosis, it can lead to fat sex material (called these atheromatous plaques and plaques in the arteries) on the wall nearbyThere are many dangerous factors that can increase form atherosclerosis and the possibility of CAD. Including:high blood pressure High blood pressure is the result of a risk factor of CAD. High blood pressure also can lead to strokes, kidney disease, and an aneurysm. And, high blood pressure also could lead to heart burden, cause congestive heart failure.Diabetes Because diabetes can raise cholesterol levels, and then increased atherosclerosis, so will increase the risk of heart disease. In addition, patients with diabetes usually are overweight, in turn will aggravate the diabetes, thus increasing the risk of heart disease.cholesterol levels Cholesterol levels between CAD and there is a definite link between. Cholesterol in the blood through lipoprotein transport. There are two kinds of lipoprotein: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL (bad cholesterol) increased levels increase the risk of CAD risk. HDL (good cholesterol) increased levels will reduce the risk of CAD risk. Cholesterol level can reduce meat, eggs and through the intake of dairy products to reduce. However, most of the blood cholesterol are produced in the liver.Smoking Smoking can lead to CAD and many other diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, including emphysema, asthma and chronic bronchitis). Smoking can also cause lung cancer, stroke and many other diseases, but also may worsen atherosclerosis. The nicotine in cigarettes will cause blood vessels to shrink, this will lead to increased blood pressure, which can lead to cardiac burden. In addition, nicotine will compression coronary artery, reduce the myocardial blood flow into.sedentary less dynamic way of life Sedentary lifestyle often leads to overweight, while overweight and can lead to diabetes and high blood pressure-both CAD risk factors in. Physical exercise can reduce LDL and HDL increase. Physical exercise can also increases heart function, improve the efficiency and body to a heart the utilization rate of oxygen. People who exercise regularly, usually pulse rate is low, it can alleviate the heart strain degree.Pressure Through the increase blood pressure and pulse, pressure can increase heart burden. Learn to keep a mood calm, reduce the pace of life and relaxation, stress influence. Avoid caffeine intake and nicotine in the daily life into some kind of exercise regimen method, these will be very beneficialObesity Obesity can aggravate through other risk factors (such as high blood pressure, diabetes) and will be lowering HDL (good cholesterol), thus increasing the risk of heart disease.Men in men than in women with the risk of coronary heart disease to high. When women reach menopause, due to the female hormone loss of protection between the risk of disease, gender differences in equilibrium.family history of heart disease、Age. Because the heart disease will increase as we age and become more common, so now on body weight, blood sugar and cholesterol levels, blood pressure and exercise the attention of preserve one's health and even more important. Usually,。
医学英语(下册)课文翻译UNIT 1 疾病的介绍1 人体是一个艺术的杰作。
我们对身体的功能了解越深,就越赏识。
即使在生病时,身体在故障修复和补偿方面表现也相当出色。
身体内不断发生变化,然而,一个叫内环境稳定(稳态)的平稳状态能大抵保持平衡。
机体内环境稳定出现某种重大的紊乱,就能引起各种各样的反应,这些反应常常促使疾病的体征和症状出现。
比如,由于运动员对氧气的需求增加,他们体内的红细胞计数就会异常升高。
这是一个使更多血红蛋白循环的自然补偿机制,但它却是红细胞增多症的一个症状。
2 当一个器官需要做更多工作时,它往往会增大,肥大。
心脏会因为长期的高血压而增大,因为它必须不间断地克服巨大的阻力把血液输送到全身。
当瓣膜存在缺陷时,心肌同样也会肥大,因为那些要么太宽,要么太窄的瓣膜需要额外的抽吸作用。
如果一个肾衰竭了,另一个肾就会增大以满足身体的需要,并弥补那个有缺陷的肾。
当流向这两个肾的血液不足时,它们会通过分泌荷尔蒙(激素)的方式帮助血压升高。
然而,如果某个器官或身体的某个部位没有得到使用,它就会萎缩,或者,也就是说,面积变小或功能下降。
3 血液在维持内环境稳定方面发挥着几个作用。
当组织受到创伤,损伤,或者感染时,血流就会积聚在受损区域。
这是极其重要的,因为血液携带了专门用于清除有害物质和细胞碎片的细胞。
血液中的其他细胞则产生抗体,以抵抗致病生物的入侵。
4 疾病是某个身体部位,生理系统,或整个身体的不健康状态,其中结构或功能发生紊乱。
疾病经常始于细胞水平。
一个异常的基因不管是因遗传所得,还是因环境因素引起突变或变异,都能启动疾病程序。
比如,当基因信息遭到侵袭(常被病毒侵袭),癌症的发生会伴随着细胞的疯长。
新的研究方法使某些疾病能与异常基因的发现联系起来。
疾病可以是一种结构性的异常,比如,先天性心脏缺陷,也可以是没有器质性改变的功能性病变。
疾病可能是一种结构性的异常,比如,先天性心脏缺陷,也可能是没有器质性变化的功能性病变,比如,高血压或外伤。
Unit 5参考译文Text A空气中什么引起肺癌?许多人认为空气污染能会导致癌症,但是到目前为止仍缺少证据。
上个月,世界卫生组织的癌症分支—国际癌症研究会声称,空气污染是一种致癌因素。
尽管医生和其他人长期凭直觉地认为差的空气质量和恶性肿瘤有关系,但是几乎没有科学组织官方地承认这种关系。
也就是说,证据不足。
致癌因素这个新的名称是以发表在《柳叶刀肿瘤学》杂志上的大量分析资料为基础的。
“ESCAPE”(空气污染效应的欧洲队列研究)试验从九个欧洲国家中对312000余人进行了历时12年之久的随访登记资料中得到数据。
调查者用了几个模型来评估空气中颗粒的大小、类型、密度或者交通方式与肺癌患病的可能性之间的关系。
他们检查了可能混淆数据的社会和经济因素,比如每人的水果消费量、年龄、性别和教育水平,并且评估了吸烟习惯。
在研究群体中一共出现了2095例肺癌患者。
调查者发现,从一个人居所周围抽样得到的空气中颗粒物质的数量和患肺癌的可能性有明显的正相关。
他们还发现,一个人家周围的道路交通车流量和患肺癌的几率有较弱但是有统计学意义的关联。
哥伦比亚大学环境卫生科学的教授Regina Santella说:“这是一个很重要的陈述/观点?”。
她认为,国际癌症研究机构决定的不寻常之处是,它指的是总体的空气污染,而不是特指一种具体的化学物质或者毒素,“这样公众容易理解”。
Santella说:“确切地讲,空气中的物质每天都会变化,在同一城市和邻里之间它都会不同”。
这是一个复杂的问题,因为空气污染包括大量的化合物。
潜在的有害化学物质从城市里汽车、卡车、工业厂房和农村地区燃烧的树叶以及其他来源进入空气。
污染物不仅仅因化学成分而不同,也区别于他们的大小和进入下呼吸道的能力。
“比如,你可能想了解那些直径小于2.5微米的颗粒。
这些空气传播的微小物质是导致健康问题的主要因素,” Santella 如是说。
美国毒理学项目目前没有把空气污染列入肺癌和其他癌症的病因。
常用医学字母缩写的中英对照医学领域中,常常使用缩写来简化长的术语或名称,以提高效率和便捷性。
在医学文献、报告、病历和处方等各种场景中,这些缩写都被广泛应用。
了解这些常用医学字母缩写的中英对照对医学工作者和患者都非常重要,下面是一些常见的医学字母缩写并给出了中英对照。
一、医学缩写中英对照:1. AMA:Against Medical Advice(违医建议)2. AP:Anteroposterior(前后位)3. BID:Twice daily(每日两次)4. BPM:Beats per minute(每分钟跳动的心脏节拍)5. CBC:Complete Blood Count(全血细胞计数)6. CT:Computed Tomography(计算机断层扫描)7. CXR:Chest X-ray(胸部X光片)8. DDX:Differential Diagnosis(鉴别诊断)9. Dx:Diagnosis(诊断)10. EEG:Electroencephalogram(脑电图)11. EKG/ECG:Electrocardiogram(心电图)12. ER:Emergency Room(急诊室)13. GI:Gastrointestinal(胃肠道)14. Hx:History(病史)15. ICU:Intensive Care Unit(重症监护室)16. IV:Intravenous(静脉内)17. NPO:Nil Per Os(禁食)18. OR:Operating Room(手术室)19. PRN:As Needed(需要时)20. PT:Physical Therapy(物理治疗)21. QID:Four times a day(每日四次)22. Rx:Prescription/Therapy(处方/治疗)23. SOB:Shortness of breath(呼吸短促)24. STAT:Immediately(立即)25. TID:Three times daily(每日三次)以上是一些常见的医学字母缩写及其中英对照。
各类心脏病中英文对照1. 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(Coronary Artery Disease, CAD)2. 高血压性心脏病(Hypertensive Heart Disease)3. 心肌病(Cardiomyopathy)4. 心律失常(Arrhythmia)5. 心脏瓣膜病(Heart Valve Disease)6. 先天性心脏病(Congenital Heart Disease, CHD)7. 心包炎(Pericarditis)8. 心肌炎(Myocarditis)9. 心脏肿瘤(Cardiac Tumor)10. 肺源性心脏病(Pulmonary Heart Disease)11. 心力衰竭(Heart Failure)12. 心绞痛(Angina Pectoris)13. 心肌梗死(Myocardial Infarction)14. 心脏猝死(Sudden Cardiac Death)15. 风湿性心脏病(Rheumatic Heart Disease)16. 肥厚型心肌病(Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy)17. 扩张型心肌病(Dilated Cardiomyopathy)18. 限制型心肌病(Restrictive Cardiomyopathy)19. 心脏电生理疾病(Cardiac Electrophysiological Disorders)20. 心脏神经症(Cardiac Neurosis)这份对照表旨在帮助大家更好地理解不同类型的心脏疾病,并便于在跨语言交流中使用准确的医学术语。
记住,每一种心脏病都有其独特的特征和治疗方式,了解它们的中英文对照名称,对于医患沟通和专业学习都具有重要意义。
21. 心房颤动(Atrial Fibrillation)22. 心房扑动(Atrial Flutter)23. 室性早搏(Premature Ventricular Contractions, PVCs)24. 房室传导阻滞(AV Block)25. 心脏起搏器和植入式心脏除颤器问题(Pacemaker and Implantable CardioverterDefibrillator Issues)26. 动脉瘤(Aneurysm)27. 动脉夹层(Aortic Dissection)28. 心脏血栓(Cardiac Thrombus)29. 心内膜炎(Endocarditis)30. 心脏瓣膜关闭不全(Heart Valve Insufficiency)这些心脏疾病的名称可能听起来复杂,但了解它们可以帮助我们更好地认识到心脏健康的多样性和复杂性。
DIDECO 产品中英文对照表I.心脏外科产品理论部分常见英文缩写CVS---- --Cardiovascular System----心血管系统OR----Operation Room 手术室Heart----心脏Lung----肺Liver ----肝脏SVC------superior vena cava——上腔静脉IVC------inferior vena cava——下腔静脉ARTERY----动脉Venous----静脉RA—--右心房 RV----右心室LA----左心房 LV----左心室VALVE----瓣膜Neonate--- 新生儿Infant---- 婴幼儿Pediatric---儿童Adult-------成人CHD------congenital heart disease——先心病RHD------rheumatic heart disease——风心病CAD------coronary artery disease——冠心病CABG-----coronary artery bridge grafting--冠脉搭桥ASD——房室间隔缺损VSD——室间隔缺损PDA——动脉导管微闭Fallot 4(F4)——法鲁氏四联症ACT----activated coagulation time——激活凝血时间HCT(Hct)----HemocratAssisted circulation——辅助循环CPB-----cardiopulmonary bypass——体外循环ECC---Extracorporeal circulation Bypass——体外循环Open heart—开心术ON-Pump---用体外循环转流OFF-Pump---不用体外循环(不停跳)人体体液(细胞内3/8和外液5/8)=体重60%人体血液(blood)=体重8%(60~80毫升/公斤体重)------体外循环灌注流量(Liter Per Minute--LPM)(体外循环机滚压泵/离心泵转速Rotation Per Minute--RPM)有关红细胞压积(HCT)=男40~50%=女37~48%------连续血氧饱和度/红细胞压积--Sat/Hct及血液回收机HCT (50~60%)有关红细胞(RBC)=8um--------各种过滤器滤网有关(Filter pore size—micron/um)血液比重=1.050~1.060血浆比重=1.025~1.030--------血液回收机离心泵离心杯原理(不同成分位置不同)血液粘滞性=4~5血浆粘滞性=1.6~2.4------血液回收机HCT(50~60%)有关血小板(PC)功能主要为止血功能,<5万/ml时易出血、瘢点------血液回收机血液分离功能(PRP—含血小板血浆)有关血浆(Plasma)胶体渗透压是维持液体平衡的重要成分-----血液回收机分离功能(PRP/PPP—含/不含血小板血浆)有关心脏外科产品部分常见英文缩写1.Cannulae----插管部分Stockert/Medtronic(dlp)/Edwards(Baxter RMI)/Terumo(Sarns)/Jostra/Polystan/Medos---市场竟争品牌Arterial cannula ——动脉插管Venous cannula ——静脉插管Suction cannula ——吸引管Vent cannula ----引流管Cardioplegia cannula ----停跳液(心肌保护液)灌注管Femoral arterial/venous cannula---股动静脉插管2.Tubing----管道部分PTS(Packging Tubing System)----客户设计定做管道Dideco/Sorin/Cobe/Medos/Edwards/Medtronic/Jostra/Terumo/Local ---市场竟争品牌Table Line---台上包(管道)Pump Line---台下包(管道)Connector---接头Arterial Tube---动脉管Venous Tube---静脉管Suction Tube---吸引管Vent Tube----引流管Pump Tube---泵管Red---红色代表动脉管Blue---兰色代表心内(右心)吸引管White---白色代表左心引流管Green---绿色代表上腔静脉管Yellow---黄色代表下腔静脉管3.Oxygenator----氧合器部分Dideco/Sorin/Cobe/Medtronic/Terumo/Edwards/Polystan/Jostra/Medos/Xijing/Shanghai Fudan/Guangdong Kewei/Guangdong Yiliaoqixiesuo/Tianjin Suliaosuo---市场竟争品牌Artificial Lung——人工肺Bubble oxygenator——鼓泡氧合器Membrane oxygenator——膜式氧合器Venous/Cardiotomy Reservior-----静脉(心内血)回流罐(储血罐)Heat exchanger——热交换器Filter——滤器(滤网)O2 Transfer----氧气运输(毫升/分钟)CO2 Transfer----CO2运输Heat Exchange Rate----热交换系数Priming volume----预充量Blood flow rate(LPM)----血流量范围Membrane surface area---有效膜面积Arterial blood sample --动脉血标本口Arterial blood in/outlet --动脉血进/出口Cardioplegia out –--心肌保护液口Gas in/out –--进/出气口Hollow fiber---中空纤维Blood in---- 膜肺入血口Water in/out ----进/出水口Arterial/Venous Temperature pore--动/静脉路温度探头插孔Lot Number-- 序列号位置4.Hemoconcentrator----超滤器(浓缩器)部分Hemoconcentrator—浓缩器Mintech/Gambro/Terumo/Deideco/Sorin/Cobe/Polystan---市场竟争品牌DHF-Dideco Hemoceoncentrator Filter--Dideco血液浓缩器Effective surface area(m2)—有效膜面积Priming volume—预充量Max. TMP(kPa-mmHg)—最大跨膜压差Hemoconcentration Rate—超滤速度(毫升/分钟)5. Cardioplegia Delivery System----心肌保护液部分CPG--Cardioplegia——心肌停搏液(停跳液)BCD—Blood Cardioplegia Delivery --—血液停跳液灌注装置Pressure monitor----压力检测Temperature monitor---温度检测Dideco/Sorin/Cobe/Medtronic/Terumo/Medos/Edwards?/Local-made---市场竟争品牌6.Perfusion System----体外循环机部分H/LM--Heart lung machine(Perfusion System)——人工心肺机(体外循环机)Stockert III( C )/Jostra 20/Jostra 30/Jostra 15-TS(A)/Sarns 8000/Terumo System I---市场竟争品牌Console---控制台(一体化) Module----模块化 Base----底座Artery(vent/suction/cardioplegia) pump---动脉(主)泵(引流/吸引/停跳液泵)Monitoring system(timer/pressure/temperature/bubble/level/cardioplegia)—检测CDM Central Display Module---中心显示模块CAN Controller Area Network---局域网络控制器LCD Liquid Crystal Display---液晶显示PFC Pulsatile Flow Control---搏动血流控制LPM Liter Per Minute---升/分钟RPM Revolutions Per Minute---转/分钟BPM Beats Per Minute---每分钟跳动次数CONT. Continuous---连续PULS. Pulsatile---搏动MAP Mean Arterial Pressure Value---平均动脉压SYST Systolic Pressure Value---收缩压Diast. Diastolic Pressure Value---舒张压E/P PACK Electronics and Power Pack---电子和电源包装UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply---不间断供电(备用电池)DMS Data Management System---数据管理技术DA Digital/Analogue---数字/模拟技术DD Digital/Digital---数字/数字技术MDM Multidata Display Module---多数据显示模块7.Heater/Cooler System----变温水箱部分HC—Heater/Cooler----变温水箱Stockert S3/3T,Jostra20/30,Terumo DCH/TCM II,MEDTRONIC---市场竟争品牌DCH—Dual Cooler/Heater—电动调温水箱(Terumo)TCM II—temperature control monitor—全自动变温水箱(Terumo)HCU20/30—heater cooler unit 20/30---(Jostra)8.Centrifugal Pump & Pump Head--离心泵及泵头部分SCP—Stockert Centrifugal Pump—STOCKERT 离心泵(与S III/S C整机一起使用)SCPC—Stockert Centrifugal Pump Console---STOCKERT 离心泵独立使用Stockert SCP/Jostra Rota Flow/Sarns Delphin/Terumo Capiox SP Pump/Medtronic---竟争品牌LPM(Liter per minute)---流量(升/分钟)RPM(Rotation per minute)—转速(转/分钟)UPS---电池供应系统(根据功率决定使用时间)Pump Control Panel---控制面板Drive Unit----马达驱动部分Emergency Drive Unit---紧急手摇系统Flow Sensor---流量探头Pump Head---泵头Priming volume---预充量Maximum flow rate----最大流量Maximum outlet pressure---最大出口压力Inlet/outlet connector---进出口接头9.In-line Blood Gas Monitor--连续血气监测仪部分Dideco(Sorin) Data Master/Terumo CDI 100(500)/Medtronic Biotrend---市场竟争品牌pO2---氧分压HCT---血球压积(红细胞比积)VSat(Venous saturation)---静脉氧饱和度Temperature---温度Arterial connector---动脉接头Venous connector---静脉接头Arterial probe---动脉探头Venous probe---静脉探头Battery charger/power supply unit---充电器/电源供给系统Trend---趋势图Store---数据储存Re-call---数据储存调出Reference Cell---静脉探头光学校准器,起校准作用,置于监视器顶部Cycle -----电池:完全充电电池放电所需时间和再次完全充电所需时间Disposable---- 一次性使用产品Well----- 贮孔(位于动脉 / 静脉接头上的腔室)Parking site -----监视器顶部固定探头夹子DATA MASTER 包括下列构件(图1)-监视器(1)-电池充电器 / 外接电源组件(4)-动脉探头和电源线(6)-静脉探头和电源线(7)监视器包括:·显示屏·键盘·后界面板·支架·探头安放架 / 静脉探头参考槽·信号线显示屏: 监视器前面有一大的液晶显示屏,具有数据和趋势图显现能力。
手写处方用法的缩写手写处方是临床医生的常规工作之一,而在处方中使用缩写方式可以使处方更加简洁、清晰,便于医生和药师阅读。
以下是常见的手写处方用法缩写,按类划分。
一、药品用法缩写1. po:口服(per os)2. iv:静脉注射(intravenous)3. im:肌肉注射(intramuscular)4. sc:皮下注射(subcutaneous)5. id:皮内注射(intradermal)6. pr:直肠给药(per rectum)7. sl:舌下含服(sublingual)8. od:右眼(oculus dexter)9. os:左眼(oculus sinister)10. ou:双眼(oculi uterque)二、药品频率缩写1. qd:每日一次(quaque die)2. bid:每日两次(bis in die)3. tid:每日三次(ter in die)4. qid:每日四次(quater in die)5. q6h:每6小时一次(quaque 6 hora)6. q8h:每8小时一次(quaque 8 hora)7. q12h:每12小时一次(quaque 12 hora)8. prn:需要时(pro re nata)三、药品剂量缩写1. mg:毫克(milligram)2. g:克(gram)3. ml:毫升(milliliter)4. L:升(liter)5. IU:国际单位(international unit)四、疾病缩写1. CAD:冠心病(coronary artery disease)2. HTN:高血压(hypertension)3. DM:糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)4. COPD:慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)5. CHF:心衰(congestive heart failure)6. CVA:脑血管意外(cerebrovascular accident)7. MI:心肌梗死(myocardial infarction)五、其他缩写1. NKA:无过敏史(no known allergies)2. ASA:阿司匹林(acetylsalicylic acid)3. QL:限量配方(quantity limit)4. DAW:必须授权(dispense as written)5. Rx:处方(prescription)在手写处方中使用缩写方式可以使文本更简洁明了,但是过多冷僻缩写的使用可能会导致药物使用错误,应使用谨慎。
医院常用缩写引言概述:在医疗行业中,为了方便医务人员之间的交流和记录,常常使用缩写来代替一些常见的术语和病症。
这些缩写不仅简化了专业术语的表达,还提高了工作效率。
本文将介绍一些医院常用的缩写,帮助读者更好地理解和应用于医疗工作中。
一、医院科室缩写1.1 内科缩写- ICU:重症监护室(Intensive Care Unit)- CCU:冠心病监护室(Coronary Care Unit)- ER:急诊室(Emergency Room)- OR:手术室(Operation Room)- NICU:新生儿重症监护室(Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)1.2 外科缩写- ENT:耳鼻喉科(Ear, Nose, and Throat)- Ortho:骨科(Orthopedics)- Plastics:整形外科(Plastic Surgery)- GS:普通外科(General Surgery)- Urology:泌尿外科(Urology)1.3 妇产科缩写- OB/GYN:妇产科(Obstetrics and Gynecology)- L&D:分娩室(Labor and Delivery)- IVF:试管婴儿(In Vitro Fertilization)- PID:盆腔炎(Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)- PPH:产后出血(Postpartum Hemorrhage)二、常见疾病缩写2.1 心血管疾病缩写- HTN:高血压(Hypertension)- CAD:冠心病(Coronary Artery Disease)- MI:心肌梗死(Myocardial Infarction)- AF:心房颤动(Atrial Fibrillation)- CHF:充血性心力衰竭(Chronic Heart Failure)2.2 呼吸系统疾病缩写- COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - TB:肺结核(Tuberculosis)- ARDS:急性呼吸窘迫综合征(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) - PNA:肺炎(Pneumonia)- OSA:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(Obstructive Sleep Apnea)2.3 消化系统疾病缩写- GERD:胃食管反流病(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)- IBD:炎症性肠病(Inflammatory Bowel Disease)- PUD:消化性溃疡(Peptic Ulcer Disease)- HCC:肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular Carcinoma)- IBS:肠易激综合征(Irritable Bowel Syndrome)三、药物和治疗方法缩写3.1 常用药物缩写- NSAIDs:非甾体抗炎药(Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)- ACEI:血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) - ARB:血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(Angiotensin Receptor Blockers)- β-blockers:β受体阻滞剂(Beta Blockers)- SSRI:选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)3.2 常见治疗方法缩写- CPR:心肺复苏(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)- PT:物理治疗(Physical Therapy)- OT:职业治疗(Occupational Therapy)- RT:放射治疗(Radiation Therapy)- ECT:电休克疗法(Electroconvulsive Therapy)四、医学检查和诊断缩写4.1 常用检查缩写- CBC:完全血细胞计数(Complete Blood Count)- EKG/ECG:心电图(Electrocardiogram)- CT:计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography)- MRI:磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)- PET:正电子发射断层扫描(Positron Emission Tomography)4.2 常见诊断缩写- DM:糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus)- RA:类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis)- MS:多发性硬化症(Multiple Sclerosis)- UTI:尿路感染(Urinary Tract Infection)- GERD:胃食管反流病(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)五、其他常用缩写5.1 常见身体部位缩写- CNS:中枢神经系统(Central Nervous System)- GI:胃肠道(Gastrointestinal)- GU:泌尿生殖系统(Genitourinary)- ENT:耳鼻喉科(Ear, Nose, and Throat)- MSK:骨骼肌肉系统(Musculoskeletal)5.2 常见医疗设备缩写- ECG:心电图机(Electrocardiogram Machine)- BP:血压计(Blood Pressure Monitor)- IV:静脉输液(Intravenous Infusion)- O2:氧气机(Oxygen Machine)- X-ray:X射线机(X-ray Machine)5.3 常见医学组织和机构缩写- WHO:世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)- CDC:疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)- FDA:美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)- AMA:美国医学协会(American Medical Association)- NIH:美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)结论:医院常用缩写在医疗工作中起到了简化术语、提高工作效率的重要作用。
医学英语词汇速查手册作为医学领域从事研究、实践和教学的专业人士,对医学英语的词汇掌握至关重要。
本手册旨在为医学从业者提供一个简洁明了的医学英语词汇速查工具,助您更加高效地理解、沟通和应用医学知识。
一、医学基础词汇1. Symptoms - 症状- Fever - 发烧- Cough - 咳嗽- Headache - 头痛- Fatigue - 疲劳- Nausea - 恶心- Vomiting - 呕吐- Diarrhea - 腹泻- Dizziness - 头晕- Pain - 疼痛2. Body Parts - 身体部位- Head - 头部- Neck - 颈部- Shoulder - 肩膀- Arm - 手臂- Hand - 手- Chest - 胸部- Back - 背部- Abdomen - 腹部- Leg - 腿- Foot - 脚3. Medical Conditions - 医学状况- Diabetes - 糖尿病- Hypertension - 高血压- Asthma - 哮喘- Arthritis - 关节炎- Allergy - 过敏- Cancer - 癌症- Infection - 感染- Stroke - 中风- Heart attack - 心脏病发作- Depression - 抑郁症二、常用医学术语1. Procedures - 手术- Surgery - 外科手术- Biopsy - 活体组织检查- Endoscopy - 内窥镜检查- Radiography - X射线检查- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 核磁共振成像- CT (Computed Tomography) scan - 电脑断层扫描2. Medications - 药物- Antibiotics - 抗生素- Analgesics - 镇痛药- Antidepressants - 抗抑郁药- Antihistamines - 抗组胺药- Anticoagulants - 抗凝药物- Diuretics - 利尿剂- Antipyretics - 退烧药- Sedatives - 镇静剂- Beta-blockers - 贝塔受体阻滞剂- Antacids - 抗酸药三、常见病症/疾病1. Respiratory System - 呼吸系统- Pneumonia - 肺炎- Tuberculosis - 结核病- Asthma - 哮喘- Chronic bronchitis - 慢性支气管炎- Emphysema - 肺气肿2. Cardiovascular System - 心血管系统- Hypertension - 高血压- Coronary artery disease - 冠状动脉疾病- Heart failure - 心力衰竭- Arrhythmia - 心律不齐- Myocardial infarction - 心肌梗死3. Digestive System - 消化系统- Gastritis - 胃炎- Gastroenteritis - 肠胃炎- Peptic ulcer - 消化性溃疡- Hepatitis - 肝炎- Gallstones - 胆石症四、常见医学英语缩写1. CPR - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - 心肺复苏术2. ICU - Intensive care unit - 重症监护室3. MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging - 核磁共振成像4. CT - Computed Tomography - 电脑断层扫描5. EKG/ECG - Electrocardiogram - 心电图6. TB - Tuberculosis - 结核病7. AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - 艾滋病8. ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - 注意力缺陷多动症9. OCD - Obsessive-compulsive disorder - 强迫症10. PT - Physical therapy - 物理治疗五、常见医学英语短语1. Take a deep breath - 深呼吸2. Apply pressure - 施加压力3. Stay hydrated - 保持水分摄入4. Get plenty of rest - 多休息5. Follow up with your doctor - 跟进医生建议6. Take the prescribed medication - 按医嘱服药7. Watch your diet - 控制饮食8. Stay active - 保持活动9. Keep the wound clean - 保持伤口清洁10. Avoid smoking and alcohol - 避免吸烟和饮酒六、结语本手册仅在医学英语词汇方面提供了一些基本内容,对于医学从业者而言,持续学习和掌握更丰富的医学英语词汇将助您在日常工作中更加自信和专业。
护理缩写单词大全随着医疗科技的发展,医护专业中应用的缩写变得越来越多。
对于初学者来说,这些缩写可能是极具挑战性的。
下面是一份护理缩写单词大全,帮助初学者更好地熟悉和理解这些术语。
一、患者监测相关缩写1. BP:血压(Blood Pressure)2. HR:心率(Heart Rate)3. RR:呼吸速率(Respiratory Rate)4. SpO2:血氧饱和度(Pulse Oximetry)5. ECG:心电图(Electrocardiogram)6. EEG:脑电图(Electroencephalogram)7. CT:计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography)8. MRI:磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)二、常见疾病缩写1. COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)2. CAD:冠状动脉疾病(Coronary Artery Disease)3. CHF:心力衰竭(Congestive Heart Failure)4. DM:糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus)5. MI:心肌梗死(Myocardial Infarction)6. CA:癌症(Cancer)7. HIV:人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)8. TB:结核病(Tuberculosis)9. CVA:脑血管意外(Cerebrovascular Accident)三、用药相关缩写1. PO:口服(Per Oral)2. IV:静脉内(Intravenous)3. IM:肌肉注射(Intramuscular)4. SC:皮下注射(Subcutaneous)5. PR:直肠给药(Per Rectal)6. QD:每天一次(Once a Day)7. BID:每日两次(Twice a Day)8. TID:每日三次(Three Times a Day)9. QID:每日四次(Four Times a Day)10. STAT:立即(Immediately)11. PRN:必要时(As Needed)四、手术相关缩写1. OR:手术室(Operating Room)2. PACU:术后恢复室(Post-Anesthesia Care Unit)3. ICU:重症监护室(Intensive Care Unit)4. ORIF:开放性骨折内固定术(Open Reduction Internal Fixation)5. TURP:经尿道前列腺摘除术(Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)6. CABG:冠状动脉搭桥手术(Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting)7. TKR:全髋关节置换术(Total Knee Replacement)8. THR:全髋关节置换手术(Total Hip Replacement)以上是一些常见的护理缩写单词,希望初学者能通过这份清单更好地理解和记忆这些术语。
2024年中国专家共识:冠状动脉疾病的防治英文版Chinese Expert Consensus 2024: Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Artery DiseaseIn 2024, Chinese experts have come together to reach a consensus on the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. This document outlines key strategies and recommendations for managing this prevalent cardiovascular condition.Coronary artery disease, commonly known as heart disease, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is essential to take proactive steps to prevent and manage this condition effectively.The consensus emphasizes the importance of lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, in reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Additionally, earlydetection and management of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are crucial in preventing the progression of the disease.In terms of treatment, a multidisciplinary approach involving cardiologists, primary care physicians, and other healthcare professionals is recommended. Medications such as statins, antiplatelet agents, and antihypertensive drugs play a significant role in managing coronary artery disease and reducing the risk of adverse events.Interventional procedures, such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), are essential in treating advanced cases of coronary artery disease. These procedures aim to restore blood flow to the heart muscle and alleviate symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath.The consensus also highlights the importance of patient education and empowerment in managing coronary artery disease. Patients should be actively involved in their care and encouraged to adhere to their treatment plans and follow-up appointments.In conclusion, the 2024 Chinese Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease provides valuable insights and recommendations for healthcare professionals and patients alike. By implementing these strategies and interventions, we can work towards reducing the burden of coronary artery disease and improving the overall health and well-being of the population.。
获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)是20世纪70年代末在美国发现的。
自那时以来,艾滋病已夺走了20.4万多美国人的生命——其中有一半是在过去几年中丧生的。
此外,在100万感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有18.5万人也将在一年内死亡。
被诊断感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有一半是黑人和来自拉丁美洲的美国人。
南部农村社区的妇女和青年是数量增长最快的艾滋病患者群体。
尽管数量大得惊人,但联邦和各州政府在实施防止艾滋病蔓延的计划方面行动迟缓。
鉴于政府行动不力,许多地方性组织便应运而生了。
南卡罗来纳艾滋病教育网络机构成立于1985年,目的在于防止艾滋病病例数量的增加。
和许多地方性组织一样,该组织缺乏资金,这迫使它创造性地使用其资源。
为接触更多的社区居民,有些艾滋病教育计划在美发店实施。
美发店老板在顾客进来时向他们散发艾滋病资料,在他们等着头发晾干时,向他们放映有关预防艾滋病的录像片。
她还在店里放一些书籍和其他出版物,供顾客等候时阅读。
她在工作的同时使许许多多人受到了教育,这一点着实让人赞叹。
最近,这一教育网络机构已开始帮助整个美国东南部的发型设计师们在他们的美发店里实施类似计划。
他们也是向学校、社区组织和教堂传播信息的有价值的资源。
这一组织还总结出了一些对其他从事同样工作的团体颇有裨益的方法。
尽管还没有一种能战胜艾滋病的方法,但这一网络机构在与艾滋病斗争中获得了以下经验:以社区居民能接受的方式与他们交谈。
许多社区的居民受教育比例低,这使得向他们散发艾滋病资料、希望他们自己阅读这一做法不切实际。
为解决这一问题,需要请一些善于绘画的人来编写适合于教育程度低的居民阅读的艾滋病教育图书。
这些书采用简单的、手工绘制的“忧伤的脸”和“幸福的脸”等图画,说明防止感染艾滋病的方法。
这些书也展示一些看上去同那些需要接受教育的人很相似的图片。
当居民们看到熟悉的面孔和能够理解的语言时,就会发表更多的议论和看法。
这样一来,这些书在使用它们的社区里所产生的影响要比政府出版的书产生的影响大,而政府出版的书籍成本要高出数千美元。
Coronary diseaseCoronary heart disease is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (sometimes called “hardening” or “clogging” of the arteries) is the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (called plaques) on the inner walls of the arteries. These plaques can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle by physically clogging the artery or by causing abnormal artery tone and function.Without an adequate blood supply, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to work properly. This can cause chest pain called angina. If blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is cut off entirely, or if the energy demands of the heart become much greater than its blood supply, a heart attack (injury to the heart muscle) may occur.It is most commonly equated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but coronary disease can be due to other causes, such as coronary vasospasm, where the stenosis to be caused by spasm of the blood vessels of the heart it is then usually called Prinzmetal's angina.CausesCoronary artery disease, the most common type of coronary disease, which has no clear etiology, has many risk factors, including smoking, radiotherapy to the chest, chest pains, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, high alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, inability to manage stress, and hyperlipidemia.Also, having a type A behavior pattern, a group of personality characteristics including time urgency and competitiveness, is linked to an increased risk of coronary disease.TreatmentLifestyle changes and reversibilityLifestyle changes have been shown to be effective in reducing (and in the case of diet, reversing) coronary disease:∙ A plant-based diet has been shown by Caldwell Esselstyn and T. Colin Campbell among others to be hugely effective as a treatment of coronary disease, and generalizedatherosclerosis. In numerous peer reviewed studies the progression of heart disease hasbeen shown to halt, and in some cases, the disease process may be reversed. Informationrecommending the reduction of animal based foods and an increase in plant based foodshas been established for over 50 years.∙Weight control∙Smoking cessation∙Avoiding the consumption of trans fats (in partially hydrogenated oils)∙Exercise∙Fish oil consumption to increase omega-3 fatty acid intakeMedications to treat coronary disease∙Cholesterol lowering medications, such as statins, are useful to decrease the amount of "bad" (LDL) cholesterol.∙Nitroglycerin∙ACE inhibitors, which treat hypertension and may lower the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction∙Calcium channel blockers and/or beta-blockers∙AspirinSurgical intervention∙Angioplasty∙Stents (bare-metal or drug-eluting)∙Coronary artery bypass∙Heart transplant。