F.scott

F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)F. Scott Fitzgerald was born into middle-class circumstances in the American Midwest (St. Paul, Minnesota), though family soon moved to upstate New York. He was Famous American novelist, short story writer, and essayist. He was able to attend Princeton University only through help of a wealthy aunt & a football scholarship. Princeton is where Fitzgerald began his intellectual career through his association with Princeton intellectuals, including Edmund Wilson, America’s mo st impt. literary critic at the time. He quits Princeton after his 3rd year in order to serve in WWI. In 1920, he published his first novel, This Side of Paradise, a novel about life at Princeton & a best seller and gave him the money he needed to impress & marry Zelda. 1921: Flappers and Philosophers(short stories) 1922: Tales of the Jazz Age (short stories) The Beautiful and the Damned (a novel) 1925: The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald’s most famous novel: a story about the rise & fall of the American Dream of happiness of wealth, beauty & fame. Now he considered an American classic of the early 20th century. 1926: All the Sad Young Men(short stories) 1937: Fitzgerald moves to Hollywood to try to make money as a screenwriter & reform his life, but it was too late. Fitzgerald dies of a heart attack at age 44. He leaves an unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon.“Babylon Revisited”--one of Fitzgerald’s “after the party is over” stories--published in 1931, after Zelda’s breakdown & their return to the States.Simultaneously autobiographical & symbolic of the collapse of the American Dream of happiness through material excess & high living. (The Norton footnote aboutBabylon is useful here.)--Babylon: symbolic in Anglo-American culture of sensual excess to the point ofdecadence. The collapse of Babylonian civilization is symbolic of what such excess leads to. In our story, Babylon = Paris, the place where, after the first world war,young Americans like the Fitzgeralds lived to excess (as long as their money lasted) and in the process destroyed themselves. Gertrude Stein labelled Fitzgerald,Hemingway and their contemporaries “the lost generation.”Important Characters--Charlie Wales: the central character. He’s returned to Pa ris after 10 months in Prague, where he has brought his alcoholism under control + repaired his financial situation.He is in Paris to try to regain guardianship of his daughter, his only child. (Scott & Zelda had only one child, a daughter, who was placed in guardianship with Zelda’s sister after Zelda’s breakdown while Scott tried to recover from his alcoholism.)--the city of Paris: No longer “gay Parée.” Most of the wealthy Americans have left or gone bankrupt. No longer a place of fashionable excess & not even decadence, except for the transvestites that Charlie sees in the bar (“a group of strident queens”).--Honoria: Charlie’s daughter. Left in the custody of Charlie’s sister-in-law after her mother’s, Helen’s, death & Charlie’s financial & alcoholic breakdown. Clearly well taken care of by her aunt & uncle, but wants to live with her father. Also a symbol of the sensible, grounded American innocence that Charlie sacrificed to his decadence: “[…] I’ve got lots of things. And we’re not rich any more, are we?”--Marion and Lincoln Peters: Charlie’s sister- and brother-in-law. Marion has legal custody of Honoria, lives by a very strict moral code, and thoroughly disapproves of Charlie & his former decadent ways. The Peters never enjoyed the wealth that Charlie & his wife squandered during their decadence; Marion remains jealous andjudgmental of Charlie. Charlie must convince them that he has changed his ways in order for him to regain custody of Honoria.--Helen: Charlie’s now dead wife. Marion, only part ly unfairly, attributes Helen’s death to Charlie’s abuse of his wife, when she in fact died of a heart attack probably brought on by her own alcoholism and reckless living as well as her husband locking her out on a snowy night after a quarrel.--Lorraine Quarrles: a figure from Charlie’s decadent past, who has returned fromAmerica to Paris to try to recapture the decadent life of alcoholic & sexual excess. A symbol of Charlie’s past decadence.Important Themes--the allure of a good life made possible by money--“[…] it was nice while it lasted [….] We were a sort of royalty, almost infallible, witha sort of magic around us.”--the inevitable decline of people & places who’ve indulged in excess--the closed bars, shops, etc. that would have stayed open during Charlie’s hey day in order to serve the wealthy Americans--Charlie’s need to limit his drinking + his regrets about everything he squandered--the desperation of Lorraine’s flirtation with Charlie--the futility of ever escaping the consequences of past excess--the invasion of Charlie’s decadent past, in the form of Lorraine, into his fragile, sober present--Charlie’s failure to gain custody of Honoria, because of Lorraine’s drunkenappearance at Marion’s door--Charlie’s regrets ab out how he & Helen ruined their marriage。

(完整word版)F.ScottFitzgerald作者介绍F。

Scott Fitzgerald(1896 –1940)Status:1).An American author of novels and short stories, his works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age.2）. One of the greatest American writers of the 20th century。

3）. A member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s。

Life：Born in St.Paul，Minnesota(1896)Princeton unfinished(1913—1917）Army, WWI(1917)Marriage to Zelda Sayre(Mar.20,1920）Zelda’s collapseScript-writing in Hollywood(1937—1940)Death（1940)Novels：This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned，The Great Gatsby, Tender is the Night，The Last TycoonCollections of short stories：Flappers and Philosophers, Tales of The Jazz Age, All The Sad Young Men。

The Great Gatsby:1）.Content：the tragedy of G’s pursuit of an ideal life2).Point of view: Nick，both insider and outsider of the story，achieves the effect of objectivism3).Themes：violence，class and WWI。

英语101 陈晓芹鲍怡怡F. Scott FitzgeraldMajor Topics⏹Life Experiences⏹Major Works⏹The Great Gatsby⏹The Jazz AgeLife Experiences⏹Born on September 24, 1896, and named after his ancestor Francis Scott Key, theauthor of The Star-Spangled Banner.⏹Raised in St. Paul, Minnesota (明尼苏达州). Did poorly in school and was sent toNew Jersey boarding school in 1911.⏹Enrolled at Princeton in 1913 but never graduated⏹Enlisted in the army in 1917⏹Became a second lieutenant, and was stationed at Camp Sheridan, in Montgomery,Alabama, where he met and fell in love with Zelda Sayre.⏹Zelda, a wild 17-year-old beauty who was crazy for wealth, fun and leisure, agreed tomarry him as long as he could prove a success.⏹Published his first novel This Side of Paradise(1920), and became a literarysensation(轰动，引起轰动的人或事) ，earning enough money and fame to convince Zelda to marry him.⏹Published his famous works:The great Gatsby (1925)Tender is the night (1934)⏹Having become a celebrity, Fitzgerald fell into a wild, reckless life-style of partiesand decadence, while desperately trying to please Zelda by writing to earn money.⏹Later Zelda was sent to the mental hospital because of psychotic episodes⏹Died of heart attack while working on his last novel The Love of the Last TycoonWorks●This Side of Paradise●《人间天堂》●The Great Gatsby●《了不起的盖茨比》The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age was a movement that took place during the 1920s or the Roaring Twenties from which jazz music and dance emerged.Roaring Twenties●The Roaring Twenties is a phrase used to describe the 1920s.●The phrase was meant to emphasize the period's social, artistic, and culturaldynamism.●The spirit of the Roaring Twenties was marked by a general feeling of discontinuityassociated with modernity, a break with traditions.●Everything seemed to be feasible through modern technology. New technologies,especially automobiles, moving pictures and radio proliferated 'modernity' to a large part of the population. Formal decorative frills were shed in favor of practicality in both daily life and architecture. At the same time, jazz and dancing rose inpopularity, in opposition to the mood of the specter of World War I. As such, the period is also often referred to as the Jazz Age.Aspects⏹Jazz music⏹Literature⏹The flapper1920's Music●Jazz(爵士乐), Ragtime(拉格泰姆) and Broadway musicals（百老汇音乐剧）werefeatures of 1920's music●Jazz is a musical tradition and style of music that originated at the beginning of the20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions.●Jazz started to get a reputation as being immoral and many members of the oldergenerations saw it as threatening the old values in culture and promoting the new decadent values of the Roaring 20s.1920's Literature●Literature of the times captured the changes in Society.●Authors of the period struggled to understand the changes occurring in society.While some writers praised the changes others expressed disappointment in thepassing of the old ways.●As the average American in the 1920s became more enamored of wealth andeveryday luxuries, some began satirizing the hypocrisy and greed they observed.●Of these social critics, Sinclair Lewis（辛克莱刘易斯）was the most popular. Hispopular 1920 novel Main Street satirized the dull and ignorant lives of the residents of a Midwestern town.●Reading was a popular recreational activity especially during the winter monthswhen other forms of activity were limited. Prior to radio and television most people gained knowledge of the wider world and current events through printed material.Consequently books, newspapers and magazines were an important part of mostpeoples lives and formed a large part of their wider education. A knowledge of the classics was considered an essential part of a good education.Books That Define the Period●The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot - The ultimate indictment of the modern world's lossof personal, moral, and spiritual values.●The New Negro by Alain Locke - A hopeful look at the negro in America●The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald - The American dream that anyone canachieve anything●Strange Interlude by Eugene O'Neill - A look at 30 years in the life of a modernwoman●The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway - The lost generation of expatriates●Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis - A satirical look at small town life●The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner - Details the moral decay of the OldSouth●Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston - Black life in a BlackcommunityThe Great GatsbyBackgroundThe Roaring TwentiesThe Jazz ageMajor CharactersNick Carraway - The narrator of the novel; moves from the Midwest to New York to learn the bond business.Jay Gatsby - Lives next to Nick in a mansion; throws huge parties, complete with catered food, open bars, and orchestras; people come from everywhere toattend these parties, but no one seems to know much about the host.Daisy Buchanan - Shallow girl who is the embodiment of Gatsby's dreams; she was going to marry Gatsby but he went off to war.Tom Buchanan- Husband of Daisy; a cruel man who lives life irresponsibly.Jordan Baker - A cynical and conceited woman who cheats in golf; wants Nick to go out with her.Myrtle Wilson - Tom has an affair with this married woman, and then abandons her after he become bored with her.George Wilson - Myrtle’s husband, the lifeless, exhausted owner of a run-down auto shop at the edge of the valley of ashes.PlotThe novel takes place in the summer of 1922, narrated by Nicholas Carraway “Nick”, a Yale graduat e and World War I veteran from the Midwest who takes a job in New York as a bond salesman. Across the bay, Nick's second cousin Daisy lives with Tom Buchanan, her old-money husband. And his next-door neighbor is thewealthy Gatsby.Gatsby is a poor youth from the Midwest. He falls in love with Daisy, a girl froma wealthy family, but is too poor to marry her. Then he was sent to Europe to fightduring the war. In the meantime, Daisy is married to a rich man named TomBuchanan. Determined to win Daisy back, Gatsby engages himself in Bootlegging and other illegal activities, thus earns enough money to buy a magnificent mansion.There he hosts dazzling parties every weekend in the hope of attracting theBuchanans to come.With the help of Nick, They finally come and Gatsby meets Daisy again. But he finds Daisy is no longer the ideal love of his dream. A sense of loss anddisillusionment come over him.Daisy and Tom do not really love each other. In fact, Tom has a mistress by the name of Myrtle Wilson, who is the wife of the owner of a garage.One day Daisy quarrels with Tom and in a fit of anger she drives Gatsby’s car and kills Myrtle in an accident. In order to protect themselves, Daisy and Tom plot to shift the blame on to Gatsby, sayingGatsby has an affair with Myrtle and he kills her eventually. Myrtle’s husband George Wilson breaks into Gatsby’s house and shots him to death. The Buchanansescape, and the only two persons attending Gatsby’s funeral are Nick and Gatsby’s father, who reads the news in newspaper.Nick effectively ends all of his relationships in New York and decides to give up his job and his house. He resolves to return to the Midwest.Analysis of Major CharactersJay GatsbyThe title character of The Great Gatsby is a young man who rose from an impoverished childhood in rural North Dakota to become fabulously wealthy.However, he achieved this lofty goal by participating in organized crime, including distributing illegal alcohol and trading in stolen securities. From his early youth,Gatsby despised poverty and longed for wealth. Though Gatsby has always wanted to be rich, his main motivation in acquiring his fortune was his love for DaisyBuchanan. Gatsby immediately fell in love with Daisy’s aura of luxury, grace, and charm, and lied to her about his own background in order to convince her that hewas good enough for her. Daisy promised to wait for him when he left for the war, but married Tom Buchanan in 1919. From that moment on, Gatsby dedicatedhimself to winning Daisy back, and his acquisition of millions of dollars, hispurchase of a gaudy mansion on West Egg, and his lavish weekly parties are allmerely means to that end.As the novel progresses and Fitzgerald deconstructs Gatsby’s self-presentation, Gatsby reveals himself to be an innocent, hopeful young man who stakes everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. Gatsby investsDaisy with an idealistic perfection that she cannot possibly attain in reality andpursues her with a passionate zeal that blinds him to her limitations. His dream of her disintegrates, revealing the corruption that wealth causes and the unworthiness of the goal, much in the way Fitzgerald sees the American dream crumbling in the 1920s, as America’s powerful optimism, vitality, and individualism becomesubordinated to the amoral pursuit of wealth.Nick CarrawayIf Gatsby represents one part of Fitzgerald’s personality, the flashy celebrity who pursued and glorified wealth in order to impress the woman he loved, then Nick represents another part: the quiet, reflective Midwesterner adrift in the lurid East.On the one hand, Nick is attracted to the fast-paced, fun-driven lifestyle of NewYork. On the other hand, he finds that lifestyle grotesque and damaging. This inner conflict is symbolized throughout the book by Nick’s romantic affair with Jordan Baker. He is attracted to her vivacity and her sophistication just as he is repelled by her dishonesty and her lack of consideration for other people.Nick states that there is a “quality of distortion”to life in New York, and this lifestyle makes him lose his equilibrium. After witnessing the unraveling of Gatsby’s dream and presiding over the appalling spectacle of Gatsby’s funeral, Nickrealizes that the fast life of revelry on the East Coast is a cover for the terrifyingmoral emptiness that the valley of ashes symbolizes. Having gained the maturity that this insight demonstrates, he returns to Minnesota in search of a quieter lifestructured by more traditional moral values.Daisy BuchananTo Gatsby, Daisy represents the paragon of perfection—she has the aura of charm, wealth, sophistication, grace, and aristocracy that he longed for as a child in North Dakota and that first attracted him to her. In reality, however, Daisy falls far short of Gatsby’s ideals. She is beautiful and charming, but also fickle, shallow, bored, and sardonic. Nick characterizes her as a careless person who smashes things up and then retreats behind her money.Like Zelda Fitzgerald, Daisy is in love with money, ease, and material luxury.She is capable of affection, but not of sustained loyalty or care. She is indifferenteven to her own infant daughter, never discussing her and treating her as anafterthought. In Fitzgerald’s conception of America in the 1920s, Daisy represents the amoral values of the aristocratic East Egg set.ThemesThe Decline of the American Dream in the 1920sThe Great Gatsby is a highly symbolic meditation on 1920s America as a whole, in particular the disintegration of the American dream in an era of unprecedented prosperity and material excess.Fitzgerald portrays the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, evidenced in its overarching cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure. The reckless jubilance that led to decadent parties and wild jazz music resultedultimately in the corruption of the American dream, as the unrestrained desire for money and pleasure surpassed more noble goals.As Fitzgerald saw it, the American dream was originally about discovery, individualism, and the pursuit of happiness. In the 1920s depicted in the novel,however, easy money and relaxed social values have corrupted this dream,especially on the East Coast.The Hollowness of the Upper ClassOne of the major topics explored in The Great Gatsby is the sociology of wealth, specifically, how the newly minted millionaires of the 1920s differ from and relate to the old aristocracy of the country’s richest families.Fitzgerald portrays the newly rich as being vulgar, gaudy, ostentatious, and lacking in social graces and taste. In contrast, the old aristocracy possesses grace, taste, subtlety, and elegance.What the old aristocracy possesses in taste, however, it seems to lack in heart.Ironically, Gatsby’s good qualities (loyalty and love) lead to his death. And theBuchanans’bad qualities (fickleness and selfishness) allow them to removethemselves from the tragedy not only physically but psychologically.。

生平简介1弗兰西斯•司各特•菲茨杰拉德于1896年9月24日出生在美国明尼苏达州圣保罗市一个商人家庭。

2他在私人学校读书，后来进了普林斯顿。

3他在中学时代就对写作产生了兴趣，在普林斯顿大学学习期间也热衷于为学校的刊物和剧社写稿，1917年辍学入伍后，更在军营中开始了长篇小说的创作。

4 1918年，在亚拉巴马的蒙哥马利附近驻扎期间，菲茨杰拉德爱上了18岁的南方少女泽尔达•赛尔，对以写作来获得成功有了比以往更强烈的渴望。

退伍后，他继续坚持写作，终于在1920年发表了第一部长篇小说《天堂的这一边》。

5《天堂的这一边》的出版让不到24岁的菲茨杰拉德一夜之间成为了美国文坛一颗耀眼的新星。

一个星期后，他与泽尔达在纽约结了婚。

菲茨杰拉德和泽尔达年轻，迷人，拥有金钱和名望，是一对令人艳羡的金童玉女。

他们活跃于纽约的社交界，纵情地享受爱情、年轻的生命以及成功的欢乐，过着夜夜笙歌、觥筹交错的生活，后来又长年在欧洲居住。

6 在1922年完成了他的第二本小说美女和被诅咒的人。

这篇小说是继他的1925年出版的杰作”伟大的盖茨比“的第一次尝试。

7但由于讲究排场，挥霍无度，他们的生活渐渐捉襟见肘。

泽尔达因精神病多次发作被送进精神病院，菲茨杰拉德也染上了酗酒的恶习。

1940年12月21日，菲茨杰拉德因为心脏病突发死于洛杉矶，年仅44岁。

8弗兰西斯•司各特•菲茨杰拉德死后留下他最后一部长篇小说最后的大亨未完成的。

笔记小说编辑,由他的朋友埃德蒙·威尔逊帮他完成并出版于1941年。

这本小说认为他最成熟的小说。

1Francis, Scott Fitzgerald was born on September 26,1896 in St. Paul Minnesota,.2He first in private schools,and then at Princeton.3He began to write for the club.,become editor of a university magazine. In 1917 he drop out and to enlist in the US Army.4 In 1918, Fitzgerald fell in love with Zelda. The daughter of an Alabama Supreme Court Judge,a beautiful, light-hearted girl. Francis, Scott Fitzgerald has the strong desire for more than ever. After retiring from army, he continued to insist on writing, finally , the first novel "This side of paradise" was published in 1920.5,"This side of paradise "make Francis, Scott Fitzgerald became an overnight of the literary a shining star. After a week, he got married with Zelde in New York . Fitzgerald andZeldeo lived a luxurious life. They need for money was voracious. They active in New York society, to enjoy the love, indulge in the lives of young and the joy of success, and later living in Europe.6 In 1922 Francis, Scott Fitzgerald finished his second novel,"The Beautiful and Damned“.This novel is a sore of first attempt at writing his masterpiece The Grert Gatsby,which was published in 1925.7In the 1930s ,Francis, Scott Fitzgerald reputation declined, his wealth fell,his health failed and Zelda suffered from mental illness. Fitzgerald also caught drinking habits and alcoholism. He died of a heart attack On December 21, 1940. just 44 years old.8Francis, Scott Fitzgerald died leaving his last novel The Last Tycoon unfinished .His notes for the novel were edited by his friend Edmund Wilson and published in 1941 as The Last Tycoon. This novel consider as the most mature of his novels.剧本：Beautiful and Damned《美女和被诅咒的人》The Great Gatsby 《伟大的盖茨比》Tender is the night 《夜色温柔》长篇小说：The Last Tycoon《最后一个大亨》T his side of paradise《天堂的这一边》短片小说：Flappers and Philosopher(1920)《姑娘们与哲学家们》Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)《爵土时代的故事》All the Sad Young Men (1926)《所有悲伤的年轻人》Taps at Reveille(1935)《水龙头起床号》。

英语阅读单以下是一些适合英语阅读能力提高的英语阅读单:1. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald - 美国作家F. Scott Fitzgerald的经典之作,探讨了爱情、财富、道德和人性的主题,是英语世界中最受欢迎的小说之一。

2. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee - 美国作家 Harper Lee 的经典之作,揭示了美国社会中种族和阶级问题,同时也探讨了家庭、道德和人性等主题。

3. Animal Farm by George Orwell - 1945 年的著作,描述了一个虚构的“农场”中的政治和社会现实,探讨了权力、自由和人性等主题。

4. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger - 美国作家 J.D. Salinger 的经典之作,探讨了成长过程中的孤独、失望和希望等主题,是一部令人难忘的小说。

5. The Story of Your Life by Stephen Crane - 19世纪美国作家 Stephen Crane 的经典之作,通过讲述一个人的一生,探讨了爱情、友谊、家庭和人生的意义等主题。

6. The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank - 1944 年的小说,讲述了一个犹太女孩在二战期间的生活,揭示了人性的复杂性和罪恶感,是一段令人难忘的历史。

7. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger - 美国作家 J.D. Salinger 的经典之作,探讨了成长过程中的孤独、失望和希望等主题,是一部令人难忘的小说。

8. The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R.托尔金 - 英国作家 J.R.R.托尔金的奇幻小说系列,讲述了三个版本的“奥术神座”,探讨了信仰、权力和命运等主题。

F. Scott FitzgeraldFrancis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 –December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.[1] Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby (his most famous), and Tender Is the Night.A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon, was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with age and despair.Fitzgerald's work has been adapted into films many times. His short story, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, was the basis for a 2008 film. Tender Is the Night was filmed in 1962, and made into a television miniseries in 1985. The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. The Great Gatsby has been the basis for numerous films of the same name, spanning nearly 90 years; 1926, 1949, 1974, 2000, and 2013 adaptations. In addition, Fitzgerald's own life from 1937 to 1940 was dramatized in 1958 in Beloved Infidel.Life and careerBorn in 1896 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to an upper-middle-class family, Fitzgerald was named after his famous second cousin, three times removed, Francis Scott Key,[2] but was referred to by the familiar moniker Scott Fitzgerald. He was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott,[3] one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. "Well, three months before I was born," he wrote as an adult, "my mother lost her other two children ... I think I started then to be a writer."[4] His parents were Mollie (McQuillan) and Edward Fitzgerald.[5] His mother was of Irish descent, and his father had Irish and English ancestry.[6][7]Fitzgerald spent the first decade of his childhood primarily in Buffalo, New York (1898–1901 and 1903–1908, with a short interlude in Syracuse, New York between January 1901 and September 1903).[8] His parents, both devout Catholics, sent Fitzgerald to two Catholic schools on the West Side of Buffalo, first Holy Angels Convent (1903–1904, now disused) and then Nardin Academy (1905–1908). His formative years in Buffalo revealed him to be a boy of unusual intelligence and drive with a keen early interest in literature, his doting mother ensuring that her son had all the advantages of an upper-middle-class upbringing.[9] In a rather unconventional style of parenting, Fitzgerald attended Holy Angels with the peculiar arrangement that he go for only half a day—and was allowed to choose which half.[8]In 1908, his father was fired from Procter & Gamble, and the family returned to Minnesota, where Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Academy in St. Paul from 1908 to 1911.[10] When he was 13 he saw his first piece of writing appear in print—a detective story published in the school newspaper. In 1911, when Fitzgerald was 15 years old, his parents sent him to the Newman School, a prestigious Catholic prep school in Hackensack, New Jersey. There he met Father Sigourney Fay, who noticedhis incipient talent with the written word and encouraged him to pursue his literary ambitions.After graduating from the Newman School in 1913, Fitzgerald decided to stay in New Jersey to continue his artistic development at Princeton University. At Princeton, he firmly dedicated himself to honing his craft as a writer. There he became friends with future critics and writers Edmund Wilson (Class of 1916) and John Peale Bishop (Class of 1917), and wrote for the Princeton Triangle Club, the Nassau Lit,[11] and the Princeton Tiger. He also was involved in the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, which ran the Nassau Lit.[12] His absorption in the Triangle—a kind of musical-comedy society—led to his submission of a novel to Charles Scribner's Sons where the editor praised the writing but ultimately rejected the book. He was a member of the University Cottage Club, which still displays Fitzgerald's desk and writing materials in its library.Fitzgerald's writing pursuits at Princeton came at the expense of his coursework. He was placed on academic probation, and in 1917 he dropped out of school to join the U.S. Army. Afraid that he might die in World War I with his literary dreams unfulfilled, in the weeks before reporting for duty Fitzgerald hastily wrote a novel called The Romantic Egotist. Although the publisher Charles Scribner's Sons rejected the novel, the reviewer noted its originality and encouraged Fitzgerald to submit more work in the future.[10][13]Zelda FitzgeraldFitzgerald was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry and assigned to Camp Sheridan outside of Montgomery, Alabama. While at a country club, Fitzgerald met and fell in love with Zelda Sayre (1900–1948), the daughter of an Alabama Supreme Court justice and the "golden girl", in Fitzgerald's terms, of Montgomery youth society. The war ended in 1918, before Fitzgerald was ever deployed, and upon his discharge he moved to New York City hoping to launch a career in advertising lucrative enough to convince Zelda to marry him. He worked for the Barron Collier advertising agency, living in a single room at 200 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood on Manhattan's west side.Zelda accepted his marriage proposal, but after some time and despite working at an advertising firm and writing short stories, he was unable to convince her that he would be able to support her, leading her to break off the engagement. Fitzgerald returned to his parents' house at 599 Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill, in St. Paul, to revise The Romantic Egoist, recast as This Side of Paradise, a semi-autobiographical account of Fitzgerald's undergraduate years at Princeton.[14] Fitzgerald was so low on finances that he took up a job repairing car roofs.[13][15] The revised novel was accepted by Scribner's in the fall of 1919, and Zelda and Fitzgerald resumed their engagement. The novel was published on March 26, 1920, and became one of the most popular books of the year. Fitzgerald and Zelda were married in New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral. Their daughter and only child, Frances Scott "Scottie" Fitzgerald, was born on October 26, 1921."The Jazz Age"Paris in the 1920s proved the most influential decade of Fitzgerald's development. Fitzgerald made several excursions to Europe, mostly Paris and the French Riviera, and became friends with many members of the American expatriate community in Paris, notably Ernest Hemingway. Fitzgerald's friendship with Hemingway was quite vigorous, as many of Fitzgerald's relationships would prove to be. Hemingway did not get on well with Zelda. In addition to describing her as "insane" he claimed that she "encouraged her husband to drink so as to distract Fitzgerald from his work on his novel",[16][17] the other work being the short stories he sold to magazines. Like most professional authors at the time, Fitzgerald supplemented his income by writing short stories for such magazines as The Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, and Esquire, and sold his stories and novels to Hollywood studios. This "whoring", as Fitzgerald and, subsequently, Hemingway called these sales, was a sore point in the authors' friendship. Fitzgerald claimed that he would first write his stories in an authentic manner but then put in "twists that made them into saleable magazine stories".[17]Although Fitzgerald's passion lay in writing novels, only his first novel sold well enough to support the opulent lifestyle that he and Zelda adopted as New York celebrities. (The Great Gatsby, now considered to be his masterpiece, did not become popular until after Fitzgerald's death.) Because of this lifestyle, as well as the bills from Zelda's medical care when they came, Fitzgerald was constantly in financial trouble and often required loans from his literary agent, Harold Ober, and his editor at Scribner's, Maxwell Perkins. When Ober decided not to continue advancing money to Fitzgerald, the author severed ties with his longtime friend and agent. (Fitzgerald offered a good-hearted and apologetic tribute to this support in the late short story "Financing Finnegan".)Fitzgerald began working on his fourth novel during the late 1920s but was sidetracked by financial difficulties that necessitated his writing commercial short stories, and by the schizophrenia that struck Zelda in 1930. Her emotional health remained fragile for the rest of her life. In February 1932, she was hospitalized at the Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, Maryland.[18] During this time, Fitzgerald rented the "La Paix" estate in the suburb of Towson, Maryland to work on his latest book, the story of the rise and fall of Dick Diver, a promising young psychiatrist who falls in love with and marries Nicole Warren, one of his patients. The book went through many versions, the first of which was to be a story of matricide. Some critics have seen the book as a thinly-veiled autobiographical novel recounting Fitzgerald's problems with his wife, the corrosive effects of wealth and a decadent lifestyle, his own egoism and self-confidence, and his continuing alcoholism. Indeed, Fitzgerald was extremely protective of his "material" (i.e., their life together). When Zelda wrote and sent to Scribner's her own fictional version of their lives in Europe, Save Me the Waltz, Fitzgerald was angry and was able to make some changes prior to the novel's publication, and convince her doctors to keep her from writing any more about what he called his "material", which included their relationship. His book was finally published in 1934 as Tender Is the Night. Critics who had waited nine years for the followup to The Great Gatsby had mixed opinions about the novel. Most werethrown off by its three-part structure and many felt that Fitzgerald had not lived up to their expectations.[19] The novel did not sell well upon publication but, like the earlier Gatsby, the book's reputation has since risen significantly.[20] Fitzgerald's alcoholism and financial difficulties, in addition to Zelda's mental illness, made for difficult years in Baltimore. He was hospitalized nine times at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and his friend H.L. Mencken noted in a 1934 letter that "The case of F. Scott Fitzgerald has become distressing. He is boozing in a wild manner and has become a nuisance."[18]Hollywood yearsIn 1937, Fitzgerald moved to Hollywood, and he made his highest annual income thus far of $29,757.87.[21] Most of the income came from short story sales. Besides writing, he also started to get involved in the film industry. Although he reportedly found movie work degrading, Fitzgerald was once again in dire financial straits, and spent the second half of the 1930s in Hollywood, working on commercial short stories, scripts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (including some unfilmed work on Gone with the Wind), and his fifth and final novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon. Published posthumously as The Last Tycoon, it was based on the life of film executive Irving Thalberg. Among his other film projects was Madame Curie, for which he received no credit. In 1939, MGM ended the contract, and Fitzgerald became a freelance screenwriter. However, during all this, Fitzgerald's alcoholic tendencies still remained, and conflict with Zelda surfaced. Fitzgerald and Zelda became estranged; she continued living in mental institutions on the East Coast, while he lived with his lover Sheilah Graham, the gossip columnist, in Hollywood. In addition, records from the 1940 U.S. Census reflect that he was officially living at the estate of Edward Everett Horton in Encino, California in the San Fernando Valley. From 1939 until his death in 1940, Fitzgerald mocked himself as a Hollywood hack through the character of Pat Hobby in a sequence of 17 short stories, later collected as "The Pat Hobby Stories", which garnered many positive reviews. The Pat Hobby Stories were published in The Esquire and appeared from January 1940 to July 1941, even after Fitzgerald died. Illness and deathFitzgerald had been an alcoholic since his college days, and became notorious during the 1920s for his extraordinarily heavy drinking, leaving him in poor health by the late 1930s. According to Zelda's biographer, Nancy Milford, Fitzgerald claimed that he had contracted tuberculosis, but Milford dismisses it as a pretext to cover his drinking problems. However, Fitzgerald scholar Matthew J. Bruccoli contends that Fitzgerald did in fact have recurring tuberculosis, and according to Nancy Milford, Fitzgerald biographer Arthur Mizener said that Fitzgerald suffered a mild attack of tuberculosis in 1919, and in 1929 he had "what proved to be a tubercular hemorrhage". It has been said that the hemorrhage was caused by bleeding from esophageal varices.[citation needed]Fitzgerald suffered two heart attacks in the late 1930s. After the first, in Schwab's Drug Store, he was ordered by his doctor to avoid strenuous exertion. He moved inwith Sheilah Graham, who lived in Hollywood on North Hayworth Avenue, one block east of Fitzgerald's apartment on North Laurel Avenue. Fitzgerald had two flights of stairs to climb to his apartment; Graham's was on the ground floor. On the night of December 20, 1940, Fitzgerald and Sheilah Graham attended the premiere of This Thing Called Love starring Rosalind Russell and Melvyn Douglas. As the two were leaving the Pantages Theater, Fitzgerald experienced a dizzy spell and had trouble leaving the theater; upset, he said to Graham, "They think I am drunk, don't they?"The following day, as Fitzgerald ate a candy bar and made notes in his newly arrived Princeton Alumni Weekly, Graham saw him jump from his armchair, grab the mantelpiece, gasp, and fall to the floor. She ran to the manager of the building, Harry Culver, founder of Culver City. Upon entering the apartment to assist Fitzgerald, he stated, "I'm afraid he's dead." Fitzgerald had died of a heart attack. His body was moved to the Pierce Brothers Mortuary.Among the attendants at a visitation held at a funeral home was Dorothy Parker, who reportedly cried and murmured "the poor son-of-a-bitch", a line from Jay Gatsby's funeral in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.[22][23][24] His body was transported to Maryland, where his funeral was attended by twenty or thirty people in Bethesda; among the attendants were his only child, Frances "Scottie" Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith (then age 19), and his editor, Maxwell Perkins. Fitzgerald was originally buried in Rockville Union Cemetery. Zelda died in 1948, in a fire at the Highland Mental Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina. Scottie Smith worked to overturn the Archdiocese of Baltimore's ruling that Fitzgerald died a non-practicing Catholic, so that he could be buried at the Roman Catholic Saint Mary's Cemetery where his father's family was interred; this involved "re-Catholicizing" Fitzgerald after his death. Both of the Fitzgeralds' remains were moved to the family plot in Saint Mary's Cemetery, in Rockville, Maryland, in 1975.[25]Fitzgerald died at age 44, before he could complete The Love of the Last Tycoon.[26][27] His manuscript, which included extensive notes for the unwritten part of the novel's story, was edited by his friend, the literary critic Edmund Wilson, and published in 1941 as The Last Tycoon. In 1994 the book was reissued under the original title The Love of the Last Tycoon, which is now agreed to have been Fitzgerald's preferred title.[28]LegacyFitzgerald's work has inspired writers ever since he was first published. The publication of The Great Gatsby prompted T. S. Eliot to write, in a letter to Fitzgerald, "[I]t seems to me to be the first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James ...".[29] Don Birnam, the protagonist of Charles Jackson's The Lost Weekend, says to himself, referring to The Great Gatsby, "There's no such thing ... as a flawless novel. But if there is, this is it."[30] In letters written in the 1940s, J. D. Salinger expressed admiration of Fitzgerald's work, and his biographer Ian Hamilton wrote that Salinger even saw himself for some time as "Fitzgerald's successor".[31] Richard Yates, a writer often compared to Fitzgerald, called The Great Gatsby "the most nourishing novel [he] read ... a miracle of talent ... a triumph of technique".[32] It waswritten in a New York Times editorial after his death that Fitzgerald "was better than he knew, for in fact and in the literary sense he invented a generation ... He might have interpreted them and even guided them, as in their middle years they saw a different and nobler freedom threatened with destruction."Into the 21st century, millions of copies of The Great Gatsby and his other works have been sold, and Gatsby, a constant best-seller, is required reading in many high school and college classes.[33]Fitzgerald is a 2009 inductee of the New Jersey Hall of Fame.[34] He is also the namesake of the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota, home of the radio broadcast of A Prairie Home Companion.Fitzgerald was the first cousin once removed of Mary Surratt, hanged in 1865 for conspiring to assassinate Abraham Lincoln.[35]NovelsThis Side of ParadiseThis Side of Paradise is the debut novel of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Published in 1920, and taking its title from a line of the Rupert Brooke poem Tiare Tahiti, the book examines the lives and morality of post-World War I youth. Its protagonist, Amory Blaine, is an attractive Princeton University student who dabbles in literature. The novel explores the theme of love warped by greed and status-seeking.BackgroundIn the summer of 1919, after less than a year of courtship, Zelda Sayre broke up with the 22-year-old Fitzgerald. After a summer of heavy alcohol use, he returned to St. Paul, Minnesota where his family lived, to complete the novel, hoping that if he became a successful novelist he could win Zelda back. While at Princeton, Fitzgerald had written an unpublished novel called The Romantic Egotist and ultimately 80 pages of the typescript of this earlier work ended up in This Side of Paradise.[1] On September 4, 1919, Fitzgerald gave the manuscript to a friend to deliver to Maxwell Perkins, an editor at Charles Scribner's Sons in New York. The book was nearly rejected by the editors at Scribners, but Perkins insisted, and on September 16 it was officially accepted. Fitzgerald begged for early publication—convinced that he would become a celebrity and impress Zelda—but was told that the novel would have to wait until the spring. Nevertheless, upon the acceptance of his novel for publication he went and visited Zelda and they resumed their courtship. His success imminent, she agreed to marry him.[2]PublicationThis Side of Paradise was published on March 26, 1920 with a first printing of 3,000 copies. The initial printing sold out in three days. On March 30, four days after publication and one day after selling out the first printing, Fitzgerald wired for Zelda to come to New York and get married that weekend. Barely a week after publication, Zelda and Scott married in New York on April 3, 1920.[3]The book went through 12 printings in 1920 and 1921, for a total of 49,075 copies.[4] The novel itself did not provide a huge income for Fitzgerald. Copies soldfor $1.75 for which he earned 10 percent on the first 5,000 copies and 15 percent beyond that. In total, in 1920 he earned $6,200 from the book. Its success, however, helped the now-famous Fitzgerald earn much higher rates for his short stories.Plot summaryThis book is written in three parts."Book One: The Romantic Egotist"—the novel centers on Amory Blaine, a young Midwesterner who, convinced that he has an exceptionally promising future, attends boarding school and later Princeton University. He leaves behind his eccentric mother Beatrice and befriends a close friend of hers, Monsignor Darcy. While at Princeton he goes back to Minneapolis where he re-encounters Isabelle Borgé, a young lady whom he met as a little boy and starts a romantic relationship with her, but after a few days he becomes disillusioned by her and returns to Princeton."Interlude"—Following their break-up, Amory is shipped overseas, to serve in the army in World War I. Fitzgerald had been in the army himself, but the war ended while he was still stationed on Long Island. Amory's experiences in the war are not described, other than to say later in the book that he was a bayonet instructor."Book Two: The Education of a Personage"—After the war, Amory Blaine falls in love with a New York debutante named Rosalind Connage. Because he is poor, however, this relationship collapses as well; Rosalind decides to marry a wealthy man instead. A devastated Amory is further crushed to learn that his mentor Monsignor Darcy has died. The book ends with Amory's iconic lament, "I know myself, but that is all."[5]CharactersMost of the characters are drawn directly from Fitzgerald's own life:[6]Amory Blaine —the protagonist of the book, is clearly based on Fitzgerald. Both are from the Midwest, attended Princeton, had a failed romance with a debutante, served in the army, then had a failed romance with a second debutante (though after This Side of Paradise's success, Fitzgerald won back Zelda).Beatrice Blaine —Blaine's mother was actually based on the mother of one of Fitzgerald's friends, rather than his own.Isabelle Borgé—Amory Blaine's first love is based on Fitzgerald's first love, the Chicago debutante Ginevra King.Monsignor Darcy —Blaine's spiritual mentor is based on a Monsignor Fay, to whom Fitzgerald was close. Fay was from Minneapolis.Rosalind Connage —Amory Blaine's second love is based on Fitzgerald's second love, Zelda Sayre. Unlike Zelda, Rosalind was from New York. Rosalind is also partially based on the character Beatrice Normandy in H.G. Wells' novelTono-Bungay.Cecilia Connage —Rosalind's cynical younger sister.Thomas Parke D'Invilliers—one of Blaine's close friends (also the fictitious author of the poem at the start of The Great Gatsby) was based on Fitzgerald's friend and classmate, the poet John Peale Bishop.Eleanor Savage - a girl Amory meets in Maryland. They share their love for literature and they fall for each other during the summer. But they break up afterEleanor sends her horse off a cliff and nearly dies herself.Clara Page - Amory's widowed cousin, whom he loves. But she doesn't love him back.StyleThis Side of Paradise blends different styles of writing: at times a fictional narrative, at times free verse, sometimes narrative drama, interspersed with letters and poems from Amory. In fact the novel's odd blend of styles was the result of Fitzgerald cobbling his earlier attempt at a novel The Romantic Egotist together with assorted short stories and poems that he composed, but never published. The occasional switch from third person to second person gives the hint that the story issemi-autobiographic.[7]Critical receptionThe book's critical success was driven in part by the enthusiasm of reviewers. Burton Rascoe of the Chicago Tribune wrote that "it bears the impress, it seems to me, of genius. It is the only adequate study that we have had of the contemporary American in adolescence and young manhood."[8] H. L. Mencken wrote that This Side of Paradise was the "best American novel that I have seen of late."[9] One reader who was not entirely pleased, however, was John Grier Hibben, the President of Princeton University: "I cannot bear to think that our young men are merely living four years in a country club and spending their lives wholly in a spirit of calculation and snobbishness."[10]In popular cultureIn 30 Rock, the character Jack Donaghy played by Alec Baldwin says that he was awarded the "Amory Blaine Handsomeness Scholarship" by Princeton University.This Side of Paradise appears in the film The Rum Diary, a 2011 film starring actor Johnny Depp and based upon the book of the same name by Hunter S. Thompson. The paperback copy can be seen on a nightstand alongside a copy of On the Road, a novel by Beat writer Jack Kerouac, in the scene where Depp's character Paul Kemp purchases drugs from another character named Moberg, played by actor Giovanni Ribisi.The Great GatsbyThis article is about the novel. For the film, TV and opera adaptations, see The Great Gatsby (disambiguation).The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream.[1][2]Fitzgerald—inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island's north shore—began planning the novel in 1923, desiring to produce, in his words, "something new—something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned."[3] Progress was slow, with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924. His editor, Maxwell Perkins, felt the book was too vague and convinced the author to revise over the next winter. Fitzgerald was ambivalent about the book's title, at various times wishing to re-title the novel Trimalchio in West Egg.First published by Scribner's in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly; in its first year, the book sold only 20,000 copies. Fitzgerald died in 1940, believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten. However, the novel experienced a revival during World War II, and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades. Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title "Great American Novel". The book is consistently ranked among the greatest works of American literature. In 1998 the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century's best American novel and second best novel in the English language.[4]Historical contextSet in the prosperous Long Island of 1922, The Great Gatsby provides a critical social history of America during the Roaring Twenties within its narrative. That era, known for unprecedented economic prosperity, the evolution of jazz music, flapper culture, and bootlegging and other criminal activity, is plausibly depicted in Fitzgerald's novel. Fitzgerald uses these societal developments of the 1920s to build Gatsby's stories from simple details like automobiles to broader themes like Fitzgerald's discreet allusions to the organized crime culture which was the source of Gatsby's fortune.[5] Fitzgerald educates his readers about the garish society of the Roaring Twenties by placing a timeless, relatable plotline within the historical context of the era.[6]Fitzgerald's visits to Long Island's north shore and his experience attending parties at mansions inspired The Great Gatsby's setting. Today there are a number of theories as to which mansion was the inspiration for the book. One possibility is Land's End, a notable Gold Coast Mansion where Fitzgerald may have attended a party.[7] Many of the events in Fitzgerald's early life are reflected throughout The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald was a young man from Minnesota, and like Nick, he was educated at an Ivy League school (in Nick's case Yale.) Fitzgerald is also similar to Jay Gatsby, as he fell in love while stationed in the military and fell into a life of decadence trying to prove himself to the girl he loves. Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant, and was stationed at Camp Sheridan, in Montgomery, Alabama. There he met and fell in love with a wild seventeen-year-old beauty named Zelda Sayre. Zelda finally agreed to marry him, but her overpowering desire for wealth, fun, and leisure led her to delay their wedding until he could prove a success.[8] Like Nick in The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald found this new lifestyle seductive and exciting, and, like Gatsby, he had always idolized the very rich.[8] In many ways, The Great Gatsby。

英文作文review格式英文，In this review, I will share my thoughts on the book "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Thisclassic novel is set in the 1920s and follows the life of Jay Gatsby, a wealthy and mysterious man, as well as the narrator, Nick Carraway. The story is filled with themes of love, wealth, and the American Dream.I found the writing style of F. Scott Fitzgerald to be captivating and poetic. The descriptions of the lavish parties and the opulent lifestyle of the characters really transported me to the Jazz Age. The way the author portrays the characters and their motivations is both intriguing and thought-provoking.One of the aspects of the book that really stood out to me was the symbolism used throughout the story. The green light at the end of Daisy's dock, the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, and the Valley of Ashes all hold deeper meanings that add layers to the narrative. It's these details thatmake the book so rich and engaging.The character of Jay Gatsby is also incredibly well-developed. His obsession with Daisy and his relentless pursuit of wealth and success make him a complex and tragic figure. The way his past is slowly revealed throughout the novel adds to the suspense and keeps the reader invested in his story.Overall, "The Great Gatsby" is a timeless classic that delves into the complexities of human desires and thepursuit of the American Dream. It's a book that stays with you long after you've finished reading it.中文，在这篇评论中，我将分享我对F. Scott Fitzgerald的《了不起的盖茨比》这本书的看法。