%B8%8B基于postfix架设邮件服务器详细安装教程
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七年级英语上册单词表人教版(新课标)涓冨勾绾ц 1. this 杩欙紱杩欎釜pron.& adj. 2. pencil 閾呯瑪n. 3. pen 閽㈢瑪n. 4. book . 5. eraser 姗$毊锛涢搮绗旀摝锛涢粦鏉挎摝n. 6. ruler 灏猴紱鐩村昂n. 7. case 绠憋紱鐩掞紱姗眓. 8. pencil case 閾呯瑪鐩掞紱鏂囧叿鐩?9. backpack 鍙岃偐鑳屽寘n. 10. pencil sharpener 鍗风瑪鍒€锛涢搮绗斿垁11. dictionary 瀛楀吀锛涜瘝鍏竛. 12. that 閭o紱閭d釜pron.& adj. 13. yes 锛堣〃绀鸿偗瀹氾級鏄痑dv. 14. no 锛堣〃绀哄惁瀹氾級涓嶏紱涓嶆槸adv. 15. not 锛堟瀯鎴愬惁瀹氬舰寮忥級涓嶆槸adv. 16. isn't =is not 17. thank 鎰熻阿v. 18. OK 濂斤紱涓嶉敊interj 19. inず鏂规硶锛屽獟浠嬶紝宸ュ叿绛夛級prep. 20. English . 21. aart. 22. how ?浣曠瓑;鎬庢牱adv. 23. do 鍋?骞?v.& aux. 24. spell 鎷煎啓v. 25. baseball 妫掔悆n. 26. watch 鎵嬭〃n. 27. computer n. 28. game 杩愬姩锛涙父鎴弉. 29. key閽ュ寵n. 30. notebook . 31. ring n. 32. call 鎵撶數璇?v. 33. at 鍦ㄢ€︼紙閲岄潰鎴栭檮杩戯級锛?鍦ㄢ€︼紙鐐广€佸埢锛夛紱浠?prep. 34. the 琛ㄧず鐗规寚鐨勪汉銆佺墿銆佷簨鎴栫兢浣揳rt. 35. lost 涓㈠け鐨勶紱閬楀け鐨刟dj. 36. found 锛坒ind鐨勮繃鍘诲紡,杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝锛?鎵惧洖v. 37. lost and found 38. pleaseinterj 39. school 瀛︽牎n. 40. a set 涓€濂楋紱涓€鍓?41. of (灞炰簬)鈥︾殑42. excuse 鍘熻皡;瀹芥仌v. 43. excuse me 璇峰師璋??1. sister 濮愶紱濡筺. 2. mother瞡. 3. father 鐖哥埜锛涚埗浜?n. 4. parent 鐖朵翰鎴栨瘝浜瞡. 5. brother 鍏勶紱寮焠. 6. grandmother n. 7. grandfather埗n. 8. friend 鏈嬪弸n. 9. grandparent 绁栫埗/姣嶏?姣峮. 10. these杩欎簺pron.& adj. 11. are 鏄痸. 12. those 閭d簺pron.& adj. 13. she 濂筽ron.14. he 浠杙ron. 15. he's =he is 16. son 鍎垮瓙n. 17. cousin ;n. 18. daughter 濂冲効n. 19. uncle?n. 20. aunt ?n. 21. dear 锛堝啝浜庝俊鍑戒腑鐨勭О璋?浠ョず绀艰矊锛変翰鐖辩殑adj. 22. thanks for 涓衡€︹€﹁€屾劅璋?23. photo 鐓х墖锛涚浉鐗噉. 24. here 杩欓噷锛涘湪杩欓噷adv. 25. picture 鐓х墖;鍥剧墖n. 26. for浜?prep.?1. where adv 2. table 妗屽瓙n. 3. bed 搴?n. 4. dresser . 5. bookcase 涔︽煖;涔︽┍n. 6. sofa 娌欏彂n. 7. chair 妞呭瓙n. 8. drawer 鎶藉眽n. 9. plant 妞嶇墿n. 10. under 鍦?.涓嬮潰prep.11. they 浠栦滑pron. 12. on 鍦?.涓婇潰prep. 13. know 鐭ラ亾;浜嗚Вv. 14. bag 涔﹀寘;鎻愬寘;琚嬪瓙n. 15. math n. 16. alarm clock 闂归挓17. CD (=compact disc) 鍏夌洏abbr. 18. video 褰曞儚;n. 19. tape 褰曢煶甯?n.20. video tape褰曞儚甯?21. hat 甯藉瓙n. 22. take 鎷胯蛋;甯﹀埌v. 23. thing 涓滆タ;鐗?n. 24. to 鏈?鍚?鑷?杈?prep. 25. mom (?n. 26.can 鑳?;浼?modal v. 27. bring 鎷挎潵;鍙栨潵;甯︽潵v. 28. some 涓€浜?鑻ュ共pron.& adj. 29. need 闇€瑕?v. 30. floor 鍦版澘;鍦伴潰n. 31. room 鎴块棿n. (=television) ;?abbr. 33. desk ?n.?1. have 鏈夛紱鍚冿紱楗畍. 2. soccer 鑻卞紡瓒崇悆n. 3. ball 鐞?n. 4. soccer ball 鑻卞紡瓒崇悆5. tennis 缃戠悆n. 6. racket 锛堢綉鐞冦€佺窘姣涚悆鐨勶級鐞冩媿n. 7. tennis racket 缃戠悆鎷?8. ping-pong 涔掍箵鐞?n. 9. volleyball 鎺掔悆n. 10. basketball n. 11. bat 锛堜箳涔撶悆绛夌殑锛夌悆鎷?n. 12. does (do?鍋氾紱骞诧紱鏋勬垚v.& aux. 13. doesn't = dost not 14. let 鍏v. 15. us 鎴戜滑锛坵e pron. 16. let's =let us 17. play 鐜╋紱鎵撶悆v. 18. sound . 19. gooddj. 20. sport 杩愬姩锛涙父鎴?n. 21. we 鎴戜滑pron. 22. many 澶ч噺鐨刟dj. 23. club 绀惧洟锛涗勘涔愰儴n. 24. more ?pron. 25. classn. 26. interesting 鏈夎叮鐨?浠や汉鎰熷叴瓒g殑adj. 27. boring 鏃犺亰鐨勶紱浠や汉鐢熷帉鐨刟dj. 28. fun 鏈夎叮鐨勶紱浠や汉鎰夊揩鐨刟dj. 29. difficult 鍥伴毦鐨刟dj. 30. relaxing 杞绘澗鐨刟dj. 31. watch 瑙傜湅锛涙敞瑙?v. 32. watch TV 鐪嬬數瑙?33. has 锛坔ave鏁板舰寮忥級鏈塿. 34. great х殑adj. 35. collection 鏀惰棌鍝侊紱鏀堕泦鐗?n. 36. but 浣嗘槸conj. 37. play sports 鍙傚姞浣撹偛杩愬姩鎴栨瘮璧?38. only adv. 39. them (they?浠栵紙濂广€佸畠锛変滑pron. 40. every 姣忎竴锛涙瘡涓猘dj. 41. day 澶╋紱鏃ラ棿锛涚櫧澶╋紱涓€.?1. like v. 2. banana 棣欒晧n. 3. hamburger 姹夊牎鍖卬. 4. tomato 瑗跨孩鏌縩. 5. broccoli 鑺辨ぐ鑿渘. 6. French fries 7. orange 姗欏瓙n. 8. ice 鍐皀. 9. cream 濂舵补锛涗钩鑴俷. 10. ice cream 鍐版穱娣?11. salad 娌欐媺n. 12. strawberry 鑽夎帗n. 13. pear 姊╪. 14. have 鍚冿紱楗畍. 15. oh璁剁瓑锛塱nterj. 16. countable noun 17. uncountable noun 涓嶅彲鏁板悕璇?18. food 椋熺墿n. 19. egg 铔嬶紱楦¤泲n. 20. apple 鑻规灉n. 21. carrot 鑳¤悵鍗渘. 22. chicken 楦★紱楦¤倝n. 23. breakfast n. 24. lunch n. 25. dinner . 26. fruit 姘存灉n. 27. vegetable. 28. runner 濂旇窇鑰卬. 29. eat 鍚僾. 30. well 濂斤紱瀵癸紱婊℃剰鍦癮dv. 31. run 璺戯紱濂旇窇v. 32. star 鏄熸槦锛涙槑鏄焠. 33. lot緢澶歛dv. 34. lots of 澶ч?35. healthy 鍋ュ悍鐨勶紱寮哄仴鐨刟dj.36. dessert 锛堥キ鍚庣殑锛夌敎椋焠. 37. list 娓呭崟n. 38. Bill 姣斿皵锛堢敺鍚嶏級39. Sandra 妗戝痉鎷夛紙濂冲悕锛?40. Clark 鍏嬫媺鍏嬶紙濮擄級Review of units 1---6 1. furniture 瀹跺叿锛堟€荤О锛塶. 2. people 浜猴紱浜烘皯n. 3. an ?鎶?鍙扳€︼級art. 4. blank 绌虹櫧n. 5.conversation 浜よ皥锛涜皥璇漬. 6. other ron. 7. also涔燂紱浜︼紱鑰屼笖adv. 8. Joe 涔旓紙鐢峰悕锛?厓鍗曡瘝鍙婄煭璇?1. how much 锛堜环閽憋級澶氬皯 2. pants 锛坧l.锛夎¥瀛?3. sock n. 4. shirt n. 5. T-shirt T鎭よ~n.6. shorts n.7. sweater 姣涜。
新目标英语八年级下册Unit 1 Will people have robots单词表整理鏂扮洰鏍囪嫳璇叓骞寸骇涓嬪唽Unit 1 Will people have robots?鍗曡瘝琛ㄦ暣鐞?will 灏嗭紱浼氾紱瑕?Clare will be five years old next month. 鍏嬭幈灏斿皢鍦ㄤ笅涓湀婊′簲宀佷簡銆?They won't lend us any more money. 浠栦滑涓嶄細鍐嶅€熺粰鎴戦挶浜嗐€?I'll see him tomorrow. 鎴戞槑澶╄瑙佷粬銆?1 robot 鏈哄櫒浜?These cars are built by robots. 杩欎簺姹借溅鏄敱鏈哄櫒浜哄埗閫犵殑銆?2 won't =will not 灏嗕笉 3 they'll =they will 4 everything姣忎欢浜?涓€鍒?Take this bag, and leave everything else to me. 浣犳嬁鍖咃紝鍏朵粬涓€鍒囩暀缁欐垜銆?鈥楬ow's everything with you?鈥?鈥楩ine, thanks.鈥?鈥滀竴鍒囬兘濂斤紵鈥?鈥滄槸鐨勶紝璋㈣阿銆傗€?My family means everything to me. 瀹跺涵瀵规垜鏉ヨ鎰忓懗鐫€涓€鍒囥€?閾炬帴鈫抋nd everything 绛夌瓑She told me about the baby and everything. 濂规妸鍏充簬杩欎釜瀛╁瓙鐨勬儏鍐电瓑绛夐兘鍛婅瘔浜嗘垜銆?5 paper n. 绾?涓嶅彲鏁?,鏂囦欢,璁烘枃,鎶ョ焊; 璇曞嵎(鍙暟) v. 鐢ㄧ焊绯?璐村绾? adj.绾稿埗鐨?a piece/sheet of paper 涓€寮犵焊The photo was on the front page of all the papers. 杩欏紶鐓х墖鐧诲湪鎵€鏈夋姤绾哥殑澶寸増銆?6 use n. 鍒╃敤,浣跨敤,鐢ㄩ€? v. 浣跨敤; vt. 浣跨敤,鐢?鈼弖se something Can I use your phone? 鎴戝彲浠ョ敤浣犵殑鐢佃瘽鍚楋紵鈼弖se something for something/for doing something We used a carrot for the snowman's nose. 鎴戜滑鐢ㄤ竴鍙儭钀濆崪褰撲綔闆汉鐨勯蓟瀛愩€?鈼弖se something to do something Police used tear gas to disperse the crowds. 璀﹀療鐢ㄥ偓娉摝鏂┍鏁d汉缇ゃ€?鈼弖se something as something You can't keep using your bad back as an excuse. 浣犱笉鑳戒竴鐩寸敤鑳岀棝褰撲綔鍊熷彛銆?閾炬帴鈫?use up鐢ㄥ畬;鑰楀敖锛寀se your head鍔ㄥ姩鑴戠瓔7 less a. pron.adv. 鏇村皯鐨?鏇村皬鐨? 鏇村皯鍦?鏇村皬鍦?Exercise more and eat less. 灏戝悆澶氳繍鍔ㄣ€?Getting out of bed in summer is less difficult than in winter. 澶忓ぉ璧峰簥姣斿啲澶╁鏄撶偣銆?閾炬帴鈫掆棌less and less 瓒婃潵瓒婂皬銆斿皯銆曞湴He's less and less able to look after himself. 浠栬秺鏉ヨ秺涓嶈兘鐓ч【鑷繁浜嗐€?鈼弆ess than ... 涓嶅埌锛屽皯浜?The young man is less than twenty years old. 杩欎釜骞磋交浜轰笉鍒?20 宀併€?鈼弉o less than 鎰忎负鈥滀笉灏戜簬锛涗笉涓嬩簬鈥︹€︿箣澶氾紱澶氳揪鈥︹€濄€備緥濡傦細In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies. 鍦ㄩ偅涓€娆℃垬褰逛腑锛屾垜浠秷鐏殑鏁屼汉涓嶄笅20,000 浜恒€?鈼弉ot less than 鎰忎负鈥滀笉灏戜簬鈥濓紝鍚?at (the) least銆?Our school has not less than three thousand students. 鎴戜滑瀛︽牎鎷ユ湁鐨勫鐢熶笉涓?3,000 浜恒€?8 fewer a. 灏戠殑; int. 杈冨皯鏁? a. 杈冨皯鐨?There seem to be fewer tourists around this year. 浠婂勾娓稿浼间箮灏戜簡銆?閾炬帴鈫抐ewer+鍙暟鍚嶈瘝锛屽锛歠ewer books銆?less+涓嶅彲鏁板悕璇嶏紝濡傦細less water銆?9 pollution n. 姹℃煋air/water pollution 绌烘皵銆佹按姹℃煋environmental pollution 鐜姹℃煋noise pollution鍣煶姹℃煋10 tree 鏍?We sat under a tree for shade. 鎴戜滑鍧愬湪鏍戜笅涔樺噳銆?11 she'll=she will 12 building寤虹瓚鐗?tall/old/historic buildings 楂樺ぇ銆佸彜鑰併€佸巻鍙插缓绛?the building of the school 瀛︽牎鐨勫缓绛?the building trade寤虹瓚涓?13 astronaut 瀹囪埅鍛?14 rocket n. 鐏,鐑熺伀; v. 鍙戝皠鐏,鐚涙定They launched a rocket to the planet Venus. 浠栦滑鍚戦噾鏄熷彂灏勪簡涓€棰楃伀绠€?15 space n. 浣嶇疆,绌洪棿,璺濈; v. 闅斿紑,鍒嗛殧Is there any space for my clothes in that cupboard? 琛f煖杩樻湁绌洪棿鏀炬垜鐨勮。
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八年级英语下册Unit 8 Life in the Future单词表及语法解析цUnit 8 Life in the Future鍗曡瘝1.Internet on the Internet 鍦ㄧ數鑴戜笂surf the Internet 缃戜笂鍐叉氮2.post 锛堝彂鍦ㄧ綉涓婄殑锛夊笘瀛?I can鈥檛understand what he talked aboutin his post today€?3.apology n. apologize v. 閬撴瓑 a letter of apology 閬撴瓑淇?accept one鈥檚apology 鎺ュ彈閬撴瓑apologize to sb. 鍚戞煇浜洪亾姝?=make an apology to sb. 鍚戞煇浜洪亾姝?apologize for sth. 鍥犳煇浜嬮亾姝?apologize to sb.for sth.鍥犳煇浜嬪悜鏌愪汉閬撴瓑You should make an apology to him.浣犲簲璇ュ悜浠栭亾姝?We apologize for the late departure of this fight.ㄨ嚧姝夋剰銆?4.excuse n.鍊熷彛杈╄Вv.涓衡€?鍋氳京瑙?璇峰師璋?without excuse 鏃犳晠in excuse of 涓衡€?.杈╄Вexcuse for sth./doing sth. 锛堝仛锛夋煇浜嬪€熷彛銆佺悊鐢?excuse sb.for (doing ) sth. 鍘熻皡鏌愪汉锛堟墍浣滄煇浜嬶級There鈥檚no excuse for such a mistake.汇€?5.past in the past鍦ㄨ繃鍘?in the future鍦ㄥ皢鏉?I used to go to my uncle鈥檚in the past.?6.present in the present 鐜板湪You鈥檇better forget the past and start living in the present.浣犳渶濂藉繕璁拌繃鍘伙紝寮€濮嬫椿鍦ㄥ綋涓嬨€?in the past and present 杩囧幓鍜岀幇鍦?He told me something about the town in the past and present.浠栧憡璇夋垜杩欎釜灏忛晣鐨勮繃鍘诲拰鐜板湪鐨勬儏鍐点€?7.wide瀹界殑鍙嶄箟璇峮arrow How wide is it? ?鍚嶈瘝锛歸idth 瀹藉害鍔ㄨ瘝锛歸iden 鎷撳?The city is widening this street.€?8.shape 褰㈢姸v. 浣库€?鎴愬舰濉戦€?take shape 鎴愬舰The swimming pool is in the shape of a heart.杩欎釜娓告吵姹犲憟蹇冨舰銆?9.cafe 鍜栧暋棣嗭?I had some coffee in this cafe.鎴戝湪杩欎釜鍜栧暋棣嗗枬鍜栧暋銆?10.recently adv. 涓嶄箙鍓嶏紝鏈€缁?I'm very busy recently.鏈€杩戞垜寰堝繖.銆?recent adj. 杩戞潵鐨勶紝鏈€杩戠殑recently adv Many changes have take place in our city in recent years.鏀瑰彉銆?11. forever adj I will love you forever. 鎴戝皢姘歌繙鐖变綘銆?12.certainly adv. 鏃犵枒锛岃偗瀹?It is certainly better than that.杩欏綋鐒舵槸姣旈偅鏇村ソ銆?---Can you help me? ---Certainly. 13. recommendrecommend to do sth. 鎺ㄨ崘?recommend doing sth. 鎺ㄨ崘鍋氭煇浜?鍔濊В鍋氭煇浜嬶紙娌℃湁鎸囧畾浜哄幓鍋氾級recommend sb./sth. to sb. 鍚戞煇浜烘帹鑽愭煇浜烘煇鐗?recommend sb.for/ as 鈥?鎺ㄨ崘鏌愪汉鎷呭綋鈥? Can you recommend a good place to us?柟缁欐垜鍚楋紵He recommends reading the book before seeing the movie. 浠栧?He recommend that she should read the book.?14.satisfy v.婊℃剰satisfied adj.婊℃剰鐨?be satisfied with sb/sth 瀵规煇浜烘煇浜嬫弧鎰?be satisfied to do sth. 瀵瑰仛鏌愪簨寰堟弧鎰?15.This play will satisfy everyone. €鏈変汉婊℃剰銆?satisfaction n. 15. mix v. 娣峰悎鎺哄悎铻嶅悎mixture n. 娣峰悎鐗?mix鈥ith/and鈥︽妸鈥︿笌鈥?娣峰悎Mix the eggs and sugar together. 鎶婅泲鍜岀硸鎺哄湪涓€璧枫€?He mixed this oil with the the paint.规紗鎺哄湪涓€璧枫€?16. electronic adj.鐢靛瓙鐨?an electronic map This dictionary is available in electronic form.?17.relax v. 鏀炬澗relaxation n. 浼戞伅濞变箰娑堥仯relaxed adj. relaxing adj. 鏀炬澗鐨勪护浜烘斁鏉剧殑Don鈥檛worry. Just relax and enjoy the film. 18.while 鍦?..鏈熼棿,褰?..鏃跺€?She started her own business while she she still at university.浠栧ぇ瀛︽椂灏卞紑濮嬪垱涓氥€?They were singing while we were dancing. 19. technology 绉戞妧With the development of modern science and technology, our country is developing very quickly.闅忕潃鐜颁唬绉戞妧鐨勮繘姝ワ紝鎴戜滑鐨勫?20. prepare v. prepared=ready prepare for sth.=beready for =be prepared for I have to prepare for the lesson before I have class.1. in the present鍦ㄧ幇鍦ㄥ湪鐜板湪at present 鐜板湪=now2. at the front It has a window at the front. in the front of 鍦ㄢ€︼紙鍐呴儴鐨勶級鍓嶉潰in front of 鍦ㄢ€﹀墠闈?at the front of?3. both...and...鏁?Both English and physics are my favourite subjects. 4. a new type of...涓€绉嶆柊鍨嬬殑We can find a new type of method to improve it. 5. mix...with... 鐩告贩鍚?6. in the shape of..... 7. virus-cleaning software 鏉€姣掕蒋浠?8. break down 鎶涢敋杩囧幓褰㈠紡broke down 9. have trouble (in) doing 鍋氭煇浜嬫湁鍥伴毦10. keep in touch with...涓?..淇濇寔鑱旂郴11. prepare for 12. in a second 鐗囧埢锛岀灛闂?I will be back in a second. UNIT8 涓€锛庡~鍏ラ€傚綋鍗曡瘝锛屽畬鎴愬彞瀛愩€?1. She __________ the flour with the milk to make a paste just now 2. How is judy__________? I haven鈥檛seen her for ages. 3. We should dealwith__________ carefully. It is a dangerous gas which is easy to burn and explode. 4. 鈥淚hat him. I hope that I will not see him__________,鈥?Angela said angrily. 5. It is difficult to __________ every customer in a restaurant. 6. I think you鈥檇better use a(n) __________ calculator to help you. You will complete the exercise much faster. 7. I hope i will have a chance to__________ in a seaside town in New Zealand one day. 8. There are a lot of__________ and narrow pipes under the streets in our city. They are for different uses. 9. If you ask me which restaurant is the best, iwill__________ recommend it to you. 10. __________I was driving my car along the highway, i suddenly received a phone call from my wife. 11. Don鈥檛yo think you need to make a(n) __________to your mum? She is very sad now. 12. No one knows what computers will be like in the future. However, human being stil know how to control them them __________. 浜岋ュ瓙銆?in the past and present mix...with... at the front in the shape of medicine cupboard be connected to both... and a new type of sit back on the Internet 1. It isnot difficult for us to find any information___________________ nowadays. 2. You get green if you________ blue_______ yellow. 3. Please find a plster in the v for me.4. To really know aobut the food industry in this country, we鈥檒l have to look at______the past ______the present. 5. The young woman looked for her daughter everywhere on the train. Finally she found the girl___________________after she waled through all the carriages(瀹㈣溅鍘?. 6. The boss ___________________in his chair, looked at me and said nothing. 7. I sent my cousin a special birthday present- a cake___________________a giant panda 8. The scientists have found_________________virus in the laboratory.(瀹為獙瀹? 9. The machine can________ easily_______different media players. 10. Write an article to compare the life in shanghai___________________. ?杩囧幓杩?I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.€?They were waiting for you yesterday.浠栦滑鏄ㄥぉ涓€鐩村湪绛変綘銆?杩囧??was/were+V-ing 鍚﹀畾褰㈠紡锛氫富璇?was not (wasn't)+V-ing銆€+were not (weren't)+V-ing 鐤戦棶褰㈠紡锛歐as/Were++V-ing銆傘€€銆€銆€銆€鍩烘湰鐢ㄦ硶锛?1.?at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week鈥?, at+鐐归挓+yesterday (last night / Sunday鈥?锛?when sb. did sth What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 鏄ㄥぉ鏅氫笂涓冪偣浣犲湪骞蹭粈涔堬紵I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.娆¢亣鍒扮帥涓芥槸鍦ㄤ笁骞村墠锛屽綋鏃跺ス鍦ㄤ竴瀹舵棤绾跨數鍟嗗簵宸ヤ綔銆?I was cooking when she knocked at the door.?2. whenу姩璇嶏紝while鍚庨€氬父鐢уWhen the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded. 3.when鐢ㄤ綔骞跺垪杩炶瘝绀轰富鍙ュ姩浣滃?I was walking in the street when someone called me.?when浣滃苟鍒楄繛璇嶏紝琛ㄧず鈥滐when?I was taking a walk when I met him. ?We were playing outside when it began to rain. 鎴戜滑姝e湪澶栬竟鐜╋紝杩欐椂涓嬭捣闆ㄦ潵浜?銆€樺湪鐨勭姸鎬佲€濓紝鑰岃繃鍘昏繘琛屾椂鍒欒〃绀衡€滃湪杩囧幓鏌愪釜鐗?銆€銆€銆€濡傦細Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night. €傦紙淇″啓瀹屼簡锛?Tom was writing a letter to his friend last night.皟浜嗗姩浣滅殑寤剁画鎬э級銆??I was reading an English novel last night.瀹岋級I read an English novel last night囧皬璇淬€傦紙宸茬粡鐪嬪畬锛??浜屻€?鐢ㄥ姩璇嶇殑?1. While we _______ (wait) for the bus, a girl _______ (run) up to us. 2. I _______ (telephone) a friend when Bob _______ (come) in. 3. Jim_______ (jump) on the bus as it _______ (move) away. 4. We _______ (test) the new machine when the electricity ______ (go) off. 5. She ______ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _________ (all, work) in the fields. 6. While mother _____ (put)Cathy to bed, the door bell _____ (ring). 7. As I ____ (walk) in the park, it ______ (begin) to rain. 8. Even when she _______ (be) a child she _______ (already, think) of becoming a singer (姝屽敱婕斿憳). 9. It was quite late at night. George _____ (read) and Amy _______ (play) her needle when they _____ (hear) a knock at the door. 10. There _______ (be) a group round the fire when they ______ (reach) it. An old woman ______ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children _______ (lie) near her; a donkey _______ (bend) his head over a tall girl. 1. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do) the same thing. 3. What _____ you ___ (do) at that time? We _____ (watch) TV. 4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _____ (listen) to the radio. 5. They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him. 6. _____ they ____ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom. 7. ______ it ______(rain) when you left school? Yes, it ____. (No, it ____) 8. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age? 9. One day, Edison _____ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(杞ㄩ亾) to play. 10. He asked me if I ______ (go) fishing that afternoon. 11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____ (leave) in five minutes. 12. In a letter, john told us that he _____ (come) to china next month. 13. When the bell rang, jenny _____ (wait) in her seat.14. She _____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon. 15. While my father ____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly ___a cry. 16. When I ____ (come) in the room, he ____ (see) me, for he ____ (read) something 17. When we ___ (arrive) at the village, it _____ (get) dark and it ___ (rain) hard. 18. I _____ (know) you____(wait) for me here. 19. One day a little monkey ____ (play) in a tall tree. A mother crocodile(槌勯奔) ____ (look) for food near the bank. 20. What ____ your father ____ (do) yesterday evening? He ____ (study) at the evening school. 21. Later his parents found that he _____ (sit) on some eggs. 22. When he knocked at the door,my aunt ____ (cook) 23. The students ______ (sing) and ____ (dance) happily on the playground at that time. 24. I ____ (write) a letter when the door bell rang. 25. We had no classed at that time. We ____ (plant) trees. 涓夈€侀€夋嫨棰樸€?锛?锛?.I ______ a meal when you _____ me. a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang 锛?锛?. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try 锛?锛?. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room. a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard 锛?锛?. They_____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night. a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching 锛?锛?. What book ____ you ____ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing 锛?锛?. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England. a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got 锛?锛?. Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army. a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was 锛?锛?. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me. a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing 锛?锛?. We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______. a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait 锛?锛?0. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping 锛?锛?1. While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate. a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making 锛?锛?2. 鈥淿______ you angry then?鈥?鈥渢hey ______ too much noise.鈥?a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made 锛?锛?3. He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me a. did, heard b. did, didn鈥檛hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didn 鈥檛hear 锛?锛?4. This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV a. repaired, didn鈥檛watch b. was repairing, watched c. repaired, watched d. wasrepairing, wasn鈥檛watching 锛?锛?5. His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates. a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will get。
九年级英语下册Unit3重点短语词组汇总涔濆勾绾цnit3?Unit 3-33 1. concern n. 鎷呭績锛涘咖铏?2. atmosphere n. 澶ф皵灞?3. temperature n. 娓╁害锛涙皵娓?4. consumer n. 娑堣垂鑰?5. guess v. 鐚滄祴6. green v. ?7. lifeless adj. 鏃犵敓鍛界殑锛涙棤鐢熺墿鐢熼暱鐨?8. fuel n. 鐕冩枡9. coal n. 鐓?10. result n. 缁撴灉11. increase v. 12. sea level n. 娴峰钩闈?13. destroy v.鎽ф瘉锛涙瘉鐏?14. nature n. ц嚜鐒?15. surface n. 琛ㄩ潰锛涜〃灞?16. soil n. 鍦熷¥17. flood n. ?18. habit n. 涔犳儻19. proper n. 姝g‘鐨勶紱鎭板綋鐨?20. friendly adj. ?21. recycle v. 鍥炴敹鍒╃敤22. purpose n. ?23. solution n.墜娈?24. government n. 鏀垮簻25. role model n. ?26. greenhouse effect 27. in danger 鍦ㄥ嵄闄╀腑28. as a result of鐢变簬29. result in ?30. mountains of?31. take. action閲囧彇琛屽姩32. make a difference?33. act as鍏呭綋(1) concern vt.娑夊強锛屽叧绯诲埌; 浣垮叧蹇冿紝浣挎媴蹇? 鍙備笌; n.鍏冲績; 鍏崇郴锛屾湁鍏? 椤捐檻; ? О鍗曟暟锛?concerns 杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝锛?concerned 澶嶆暟锛?concerns細concerning 杩囧幓寮忥細concerned 1.My main concern is jobs. 鎴戜富瑕佹媴蹇冨氨涓氶棶棰樸€?2.If something concerns you, it worries you. 3.I've been concerned about you lately... 4.The group has expressed concern about reports of political violence in Africa...撹〃绀哄叧鍒囥€?(2) atmosphere n.澶ф皵灞傦紝绌烘皵; 澶ф皵灞? 椋庢牸锛屽熀璋? 姘旀皼; 1. Meteors enter the earth's atmosphere every day. 姣忓ぉ閮芥?2. The atmosphere was very relaxed. 閭i噷鐨勬皵姘涘崄鍒嗚交鏉俱€?3. The atmosphere in this place was absolutely beautiful. ?(3) temperature n.娓╁害; 浣撴俯; 姘旀俯 1.What is your temperature now? 2.His temperature continued to rise alarmingly. (4) consumer n.娑堣垂鑰?1. We need more feedback from the consumer in order to improve our goods. 2. We should adopt the consumers' suggestion. 3. That covers many consumer products. (5)guess 鐢ㄤ綔鍔ㄨ瘝(v.) 1. I don't really know, I'm just guessing. 2. We could only guess at her motives. 鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 3. I'll give you three guesses. 4. My guess is that he didn't come because his parents wouldn't let him do. (6) green adj.缁胯壊鐨勶紱闀愮啛鐨?n.缁胯壊锛涜崏鍦?vi.鍙樼豢vt.浣库€﹀彉缁匡紱浣库€︽仮澶嶆椿鍔?Green. n.鏍兼灄(濮撴皬) ?(adj.) 1. The paper turned green as if by magic. 2. The green fields came into sight. 3. The country is very green in spring. 4. These tomatoes are still too green to pick. 鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. Green was the predominant color in the forest. 2. The room was decorated in bright green. 3. He peppered the ball across the green. 4. Mr. Green spoke highly of our city. 鐢ㄤ綔涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇?(vi.) 1. Our lawn grass does not green up until the middle of May. (7)lifeless adj.(? 1.鏃犵敓鍛界殑2. 姝荤殑?(adj.) 1. Without health, life is not life, life is lifeless. 2. I had enough of this kind of lifeless life. (8) fuel n.鐕冩枡杩囧幓寮? fueled / fuelled 杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝: fueled / fuelled 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝: fueling / fuelling 绗О鍗曟暟: fuels / fuels n.鐕冩枡锛涘埡婵€鍥犵礌vt.渚涗互鐕冩枡vi.鍔犵噧鏂?鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. Coal is used as fuel. 2. We aim for a 10% saving in fuel. 3. His indifference was a fuel to her hatred. 鐢ㄤ綔鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝(vt.) 1. Higher salaries helped to fuel inflation. 鐢ㄤ綔涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇?(vi.) 1. All aircraft must fuel before flight. (9) coal n.鐓わ紱鏈ㄧ偔vt.鐑ф?vi.鍔犵?鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. He put a shovel of coal on to the fire. 2. The country is rich in oil and coal. 3. Coal can be converted to gas. 鐢ㄤ綔鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝(vt.) 1. The workers were coaling the ship when he came back. 鐢ㄤ綔涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇?(vi.) 1. The ship called at Boston to coal. 2. The big ship coaled. (10) result n.缁(瓒崇悆姣旇禌)璧?v.浜х敓锛涜嚧浣?鐢ㄤ綔鍔ㄨ瘝(v.) 鐢ㄤ綔涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇?S+锝?+A) 1. Lumber prices go up and higher prices for new houses are bound to result. 鏈ㄦ潗浠锋牸涓婃定,鏂板缓鎴垮眿鐨勪环鏍煎娍蹇呬笂娑ㄣ€?2. Then the people would object and civil war would result. 閭f椂,浜烘皯浼氬弽瀵?鍐呮垬灏变細鐖嗗彂銆?鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.)1. He was disappointed with the result.2. He was less optimistic about the result than others.3. I've been trying to open the door, without result so far.4. result from 鎰忎负鈥滃洜鈥︹€﹁€岃捣鈥濓紝鑰?result in缁撴灉鈥濄€?1. Hard working results in success. 2. Success results from hard working. 鏈夋椂鍊?result 涓?results ?The result(s) of the examination will be published early in August. (11) Increase v.澧炲姞锛涙彁楂?n.澧鐢ㄤ綔鍔ㄨ瘝(v.) 1. We anticipate that demand is likely to increase. ?2. Wide reading will increase your vocabulary. ?3. They have increased the price of petrol again. 4. We must increase our output to meet demand. 鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. There was a steady increase in population. 2. The government is alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime. 鏀垮簻瀵规毚鍔?(12) sea level 娴峰钩闈?鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) Some parts of the country are below sea level.浜涢儴鍒嗕綅浜庢捣骞抽潰涔嬩笅銆?(13) destroy vt. 姣佸潖锛屾崯鍧忥紱1.The hurricane destroyed our houses but caused no death of people.2.The coffee bar was heavily destroyed because the car suddenly crashed into it. 鐩稿叧璇嶏細destroyer: n. 姣佺伃鑰咃紱destruction: n. 姣佸潖锛屾崯鍧忥紱(14) nature n.ц嚜鐒讹紱1. We should keep a harmonious relationship with the nature. 2. People have suffered a lot from the nature because of the heavy pollution.鐩稿叧璇嶏細natural: adj. х殑naturally: adv.?鍦?(15) surface n. 琛ㄩ潰锛涜〃灞?1. The surface of the land becomes green when the spring is coming. 2. Ice covered the surface of the river when cold winter came. (16) soil n. 鍦熷¥锛屽湡鍦帮紱1銆丳easants wiped off the grass on the soil. 2銆丆over a layer of soil on the seeds and then water them. (17) flood n. vt.娣规病1銆丳eople were very scared when the flood came. 2銆乀he flood flooded all the village. 3銆乀he crops were flooded and the peasants were very grief. (18) habit n.涔犳儻锛涗範鎬?鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. I have to bear with his bad habit.鎴戜笉寰椾笉蹇嶅彈浠栫殑鍧忎?2. My colleague has broken off the habit of smoking. 鎴戠殑鍚屼簨宸茬粡鎴掓帀浜嗗惛鐑熺殑涔犳儻銆?(19) proper adj.湡姝g殑?(adj.) 1. He could not come up with a proper answer.?2. It鈥檚not proper for you to catch him up very short. ?(20) friendly adj.鍙嬪ソ鐨勶紱鍙嬪杽鐨??(adj.) 1. He cloaked his evil purpose under friendly words.€?2. He was not very friendly to us. ?3. Our neighbors are very friendly. 鎴戜滑閭诲眳闈炲父鍙嬪杽銆?4. He talks to his students in a friendly way. 浠栧拰浠栫殑瀛︾敓鍙嬪ソ鍦颁氦璋堛€?(21) recycle vt.?vi.n.鍐嶅惊鐜?鐢ㄤ綔鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝(vt.) 1. We should try to recycle all our waste paper.夊簾绾稿洖鏀跺啀鍒╃敤銆?2. One thing you can't recycle is wasted time.鏃犳硶鍥炴敹鍒╃敤鐨勬槸浣犳氮璐规帀鐨勬椂闂淬€?3. We should recycle the used things. 鎴戜滑搴斿洖鏀跺埄鐢ㄦ棫涓滆タ銆?4. We must recycle the cardboard boxes. ?鐢ㄤ綔涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇?(vi.) 1. The ecological system can recycle by itself.?鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. Water recycle is a good way to save ourresources.€?(22) purpose n.?v.鎵撶畻锛涘喅鎰?鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. What is the purpose of your visit?堬紵2. He was a man of purpose. 3. ?I am sure that he came here with ill purpose. ,浠栬繖娆℃潵鎰忓浘涓嶈建銆?鐢ㄤ綔鍔ㄨ瘝(v.) 1. He purposed to visit South America.編銆?2. We purpose making another trial / to make another trial. 鎴戜滑鎵撶畻鍐嶈瘯涓€涓嬨€?(23) solution n.瑙e喅鍔炴硶锛涜В绛旓紱婧舵恫锛涙憾瑙o紱鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. He reasoned out a solution to the problem. 浠栫粡杩囨帹鏂?鎵惧嚭浜嗚В鍐抽棶棰樼殑鍔炴硶銆?2. We haven't found the solution yet, but I'm sure we're on the right track. 鎴戜滑杩樻病鏈夋壘鍒拌В鍐冲姙娉曪?3. The solution of the problem has just come to me. ?solution 浣滀负鍚嶈瘝瑙i噴涓衡€滆В鍐崇殑鏂规硶鈥濓紝鍚庨潰甯歌窡of锛宼o锛宖or 銆?There is the solution of/to/for the problem. В鍐虫柟妗堛€?(24) government n.鏀垮簻锛涙斂浣擄紱缁熸不鐢ㄤ綔鍚嶈瘝(n.) 1. The government would not even consider his claim for money. 鏀垮簻鐢氳嚦涓嶈€冭?2. He is a man of some influence in the government circles. 浠栨槸涓?(25) role model n.姒滄牱1. Acoach should act as a role model for his athletes.?2. He looked up to his father as a role model. 浠栦互鐖朵翰浣滀负妤锋ā銆?(26) greenhouse effect 1. Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect.?2. What do you know about the greenhouse effect? ? 3. Carbon dioxide has caused the greenhouse effect. ?4. What Causes the Greenhouse Effect? ?(27) in danger 鍦ㄥ嵄闄╀腑1. He was in danger of losing his life. 浠栨湁澶卞幓鐢熷懡鐨勫嵄闄┿€?2. The house is now in danger of collapse. ?3. This river is in danger of being fished out .嵄闄?(28) as a result of 鐢变簬1. He was late as a result of the snow. 鐢变簬澶ч洩浠栬繜鍒颁簡銆?2. The roofof the mine caved in as a result of the explosion. 鐢变簬鍙戠敓鐖嗙偢锛岀熆浜曢《閮ㄥ潔濉屼簡3. Six people was dead as a result of the accident.х敓銆?4. He ran into debt as a result of drinking too much. 浠栫敱浜庤?(29) mountains of1. I have a mountain of work to do. 鎴戞湁涓€澶у爢宸ヤ綔瑕佸仛銆?2. She has a mountain of dirty clothes to wash. 濂规湁涓€澶у?3. I'm buried under a mountain of work so I can't go out. 鎴戠殑宸ヤ綔鍫嗙Н?4. We made mountains of sandwiches. 鎴戜滑鍋氫簡涓€澶у爢涓夋槑娌汇€?(30) take action 閲囧彇琛屽姩1. We have to take action to stop them. 鎴戜滑寰楅噰?2. We must take action before it is too late. 鎴戜滑蹇呴』瓒佹棭閲囧彇琛屽姩锛屽惁鍒欐潵涓嶅強浜嗐€?3. I felt that it was time for me to take action.簡銆?(31) make a difference ?1. I think you can make a difference, Ellen. ?锛孍llen銆?2. Does his absence make a difference to your work? 娌℃湁浠?浼氬奖鍝嶄綘鐨勫伐浣滃悧?(32) act as 鍏呭綋1. The forest will act as a defense against desert dust.借捣闃插尽娌欐紶鐏版矙鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€?2. A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.?3. She paid her way by acting as a guide. 濂瑰綋瀵兼父鏉ョ淮鎸佺敓娲汇€?。
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2018春七年级英语下册全册词汇表2018?Unit 1 1. person n. 浜?2. cheerful adj. ?3. hard-working adj.鍕ゅ媺鐨?4. patient adj. 鑰愬績鐨?5. smart adj. ?6. probably adv. 寰堝彲鑳?7. forget v. (杩囧幓寮廸orgot)8. smell n. 姘斿懗9. care n. 鐓ч【锛涚収鏂?10. miss v. 鎯冲康锛涙€€蹇?11. joke n. 鐜╃瑧12. laugh v. 绗?13. remain v. 14. strict adj. 涓ユ牸鐨勶紱涓ュ帀鐨?15. encourage v. 榧撳姳16. support n. 17. successful adj. 鑾峰緱鎴愬姛鐨?18. member n. 鎴愬憳19. paragraph n. 娈佃惤20. as well 闄も€︹€︿箣澶栵紱涔?21. take care of 鐓ч【锛涚収鏂?22. tell jokes 璁茬瑧璇?23. make fun of 鍢插紕锛涘彇绗?24. (be) strict about ?25. give up 鏀惧純26. go to work 涓婄彮27. all day and all night 澶滀互缁ф棩Unit 2 1. France n. 娉曞浗2. French adj. 娉曞浗鐨?3. flag n. 鏃楀笢4. wine n.钁¤悇閰?5. tick v. ?6. possible adj. ?7. Europe n. 娆ф床8. store n. 锛堝ぇ鍨嬶級鐧捐揣鍟嗗簵9. *vineyard n. 钁¤悇鍥?10. excellent adj. ?11. south n. 鍗楅儴锛涘崡鏂?12. lie v. (杩囧幓寮弆ay)浣嶄簬锛涘潗钀藉湪13. coast n. 娴峰哺锛涙捣婊?14. perfect adj. 瀹岀編鐨?15. prefer adj. 鏇村枩娆?16. ski v. 婊戦洩17. tower n. 濉?18. finish v. 瀹屾垚19. lift n. 20. step n. 鍙伴樁21. stairs n.[pl.] 22. receiver n. 鎺ュ彈鑰?23. date n. 鏃ユ湡24. greeting n. ?25. address n. 鍦板潃26. (be) famous for 浠モ€︹€﹁€岄椈鍚?27. department store 鐧捐揣鍟嗗簵28. prefer to 鏇村枩娆?29. go on holiday 鍘诲害鍋?30. go sightseeing ?Unit 3 1. blind adj. 鐬庣殑锛涘け鏄庣殑2. radio n. 鏃犵嚎鐢靛箍鎾?3. programme n. 鑺傜洰4. helpful adj. 鏈夌敤鐨勶紱鏈夊府鍔╃殑 5. *rescue n. 钀ユ晳 6. mean v. (杩囧幓寮弇eant)琛ㄧず鈥︹€︾殑鎰忔€?7. *receptionist n. 鎺ュ緟鍛?8.allow v. ?9. pet n. 瀹犵墿10. anywhere adv. 浠讳綍鍦版柟11. apologize v. 閬撴瓑12. lead v. (杩囧幓寮弆ed)13. bark v. 锛堢嫍锛夊悹鍙?14. wake v. (杩囧幓寮弚oke)閱掓潵15. towel n. 姣涘肪16. bottom n. 搴曢儴17. finally adv. 缁堜簬锛涙渶鍚?18. airport n. 鏈哄満19. appear v. 鍑虹幇20. act v. с€佺數褰变21. climb v. 鏀€鐧伙紱鏀€鐖?22. dark adj. 榛戞殫鐨?23. nothing pro n. 娌℃湁浠€涔堬紱娌℃湁涓€浠朵笢瑗?24. arrive at 鍒板ぇ25. by oneself 26. lead (sb.) to 甯︾潃锛堟煇浜猴級鍒扳€︹€?27. fall asleep 鍏ョ潯28. wake up 閱掓潵29. get down 韫蹭笅锛涜洞涓?30. fire engine 娑堥槻杞?Unit 4 1. save v. ?2. pine n. 鏉炬爲 3. discuss n. 璁ㄨ4. branch n. 鏍戞灊5. *root n. 鏍?6. fight v. (杩囧幓寮廸ought)涓庘€︹€︿綔鏂椾簤7. against prep.8. example n. 渚嬪瓙9. harmful adj.鐨?10. gas n. 姘斾綋11. produce v. 浜х敓锛涚敓浜?12. oxygen n. 姘ф皵13. major adj. ?14. convenient adj. 鏂逛究鐨?15. furniture n. 瀹跺叿16. imagine v. ?17. disease n. 鐤剧梾18. dig v. (杩囧幓寮廳ug)鎸?19. hole n. 娲?20. carry n. ?21. *container n. 瀹瑰櫒22. take in 鍚告敹23. come from 鏉ヨ嚜24. for example 25. in fact 锛堣ˉ鍏呯粏鑺26. look around 27. (be) made of 鐢扁€︹€﹁亴绉?28. millions of 澶ч噺鐨勶紱鏁颁互鐧句竾璁$殑29. (be) good for 瀵光€?Unit 5 1. drop n. 婊磛. 鎺変笅锛涜惤涓?2. journey n.?3. quantity n. 鏁伴噺4. experiment n. 瀹為獙锛涜瘯楠?5. fresh adj. 娣$殑锛涙棤鐩愮殑6. salt n. 鐩?7. on adv.8. voice n. 9. reservoir n. 姘村簱10. add n. 澧炲姞锛涙坊鍔?11. chemical n. ?12. through prep.閫氳繃锛涚┛杩?13. pipe n. 绠¢亾14. valuable adj. 瀹濊吹鐨勶紱寰堟湁鐢ㄧ殑15. bit n. 鏈夌偣锛涗竴鐐?16. bank n. 17. change n. 鎵剧粰鐨勯浂閽憋紱鎵惧ご18. return v. 褰掕繕19. *vapour n. 钂告苯锛涢浘姘?20. form v. 褰㈡垚锛涙瀯鎴?21. *stir v. 鎼呮媽22. continue v. 缁х画23. *crystal n. 缁撴櫠锛堜綋锛?24. turn off 鍏虫帀25. add ... to ... 鎶娾€︹€﹀姞鍏モ€︹€?26. a bit 涓€鐐?27. part of 鈥︹€︾殑涓€閮ㄥ垎28. pocket money 锛堢埗姣嶇粰瀛╁瓙鐨勶級闆惰姳閽?29. (be) made up of 鐢扁€︹€︾粍鎴?30. dry up 骞叉陡Unit 6 1. electricity n. 鐢?2. conversation n. 璋堣瘽3. *identity v.鍑?4. rule n. 瑙勫垯 5. anyone pro n. 浠讳綍浜?6. reply v. 鍥炵瓟7. foolish adj. 鎰氳牏鐨?8. wire n. 鐢电嚎9. connect v. 锛堜娇锛夎繛鎺?10. *cable n. 鐢电紗11. moment n. ?12. battery n. 鐢垫睜13. cooker n. 鍘ㄧ伓锛涚倝鍏?14. fridge n. 15. *bulb n. 鐢电伅娉?16. lock v. 锛堢敤閿侊級閿佷笂17. test v. 娴嬭瘯18. tidy v. 浣挎暣娲侊紱浣挎暣榻?19. touch v.20. a packet of 涓€琚?21. in a way 鍦ㄦ煇绉嶇▼搴︿笂22. (be) connected to杩炴帴鍒?23. power station 鍙戠數绔?24. washing machine 娲楄。
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九年级上册英语单词表(鲁教版)涔濆勾绾т?涔濆勾绾?璇?millionn.鐧句竾medicaladj.?researchn.鐮旂┒锛涜皟鏌?tien.(=necktie)棰嗗甫worryn.鐑︽伡锛涘咖铏?whatif濡傛灉...灏嗕細鎬庝箞鏍?pimplen.灏忚創鍖咃紱涓樼柟examn.鑰冭瘯energeticadj.鏈夋椿鍔涚殑锛涚簿鍔涘厖娌涚殑confidentadj.permissionn.herselfpron.?botherv.鎵撴壈锛涙壈涔?slightadj.?intheslightest涓€鐐逛篃锛涙牴鏈?annoyv.浣跨敓姘旓紱浣挎皵鎰?fairlyadv.鐩稿綋锛涘畬鍏?plentyadj.寰堝?plentyof?getalongwith涓?..circlen.锛堟湁鍏卞悓鐨勫叴瓒c€佽亴涓氱瓑鐨勪汉褰㈡垚鐨勶級鍦堝瓙锛涢樁灞?listenern.?knowledgeableadj.鐭ヨ瘑娓婂崥鐨勶紱鏈夎representv.浠h〃锛涜〃绀?let...down浣?..澶辨湜鎴栨伯涓?comeupwith锛堥拡瀵归棶棰樼瓑锛夋彁鍑猴紱鎯冲嚭restn.鍓╀綑閮ㄥ垎锛涘叾浣欙紱浼戞伅aidn.?first-aid鎬ユ晳nearbyadj.浣嶇疆杩戠殑锛涗笉杩滅殑shelfn.锛堟┍鏌溿€佷功鏋剁瓑鐨勶級鎼佹灦锛涙悂鏉?comeout鍑虹増锛涘彂琛?coverv.瑕嗙洊锛涢伄鎺?pressv.鎸夛紱鍘嬶紱鎸?deepadj.娣辩殑downstairsadv.correctadj.瀵圭殑锛burnv.鐑т激锛涚儳鍧?kneen.鑶濓紱鑶濈洊painn.鐤硷紱鐤肩棝hurtv.浣?..safetyn.瀹夊叏offerv.鎻愪緵refusev.鎷掔粷锛涘洖缁?helpfuladj.鏈夊府鍔╃殑锛涙湁鐢ㄧ殑treatv.瀵瑰緟burnn.Spottyadj.澶氭枒鐐圭殑2璇?belongv.灞炰簬belongto灞炰簬authorn.?picnicn.锛堣嚜甯?hairband鍙戝甫possiblyadv.?dropv.钀戒笅锛涙帀涓?symphonyn.浜ゅ搷涔愶紱浜ゅ搷鏇?optometristn.楠屽厜甯堬紱閰嶉暅甯?appointmentn.绾︿細锛岀害瀹?algebran.crucialadj.鍏抽敭?countv.璁★紱鍊?finaladj.鏈€鍚庣殑锛涙渶缁堢殑anxiousadj.蹇ц檻鐨勶紱鐒﹁檻鐨勶紱涓嶅畨鐨?worriedadj.鐑︽伡鐨勶紱鐒﹁檻鐨?ownern.鎵€鏈夎€咃紱涓氫富OxfordUniversity鐗涙触澶уchasev.杩介€愶紱杩借刀skyn.澶╋紱澶╃┖creaturen.鐢熺墿锛涘姩鐗?catchv.鎹曡幏锛涜刀涓婏紙杞﹁埞绛夛級unhappyadj.涓嶅揩涔愮殑锛涗笉鎰夊揩鐨?extremelyadv.鏋佸叾锛涢潪甯?interviewv.noisen.windn.椋?neighborn.閭诲眳锛涢偦浜?footstepn.瓒宠抗锛涜剼姝ュ0garbagen.鍨冨溇锛涘簾鏂?mysteryn.?directorn.浠?monkeyn.鐚村瓙escapev.閫冭窇锛涢€冭蛋barkv.锛堢嫍绛夛級鍚犲0锛涘彨澹?smelln.姘斿懗锛涘梾瑙?fingern.鎵嬫寚liftv.涓捐捣锛涙姮璧凤紱鎻愬崌stonen.鐭冲ご锛涚煶鍧?antn.铓傝殎dishonestadj.涓嶈瘹瀹炵殑pretendv.鍋囪?useup鐢ㄥ畬锛涚敤鍏夛紱鑰楀敖attemptv.璇曞浘锛涗紒鍥?Hemingway娴锋槑濞侊紙1899锛?961锛岀編鍥戒綔瀹讹級MarkTwain厠.鍚愭俯锛?835锛?910锛岀編鍥戒綔瀹讹級Fred寮楃憺寰凤紙鐢峰悕锛?3璇?manateen.娴风墰furryadj.鐨?enormousadj.宸ㄥぇ鐨勶紱搴炲ぇ鐨?playfuladj.濂界帺鐨勶紱鏈夎叮鐨?aggressiveadj.?grayadj.&n.鐏拌壊锛堢殑锛夛紱鍋忕伆鑹诧紙鐨勶級spottedadj.鏈夋枒鐐圭殑锛涙湁鐐瑰瓙鐨?kangaroon.琚嬮紶chimpanzeen.榛戠尒鐚?cheetahn.鐚庤惫mangroven.绾㈡爲锛涚孩鏍戞灄swampn.娌兼辰锛涙布娉藉湴habitatn.aquaticadj.姘寸敓鐨勶紱姘存爾鐨?underwateradj.鍦ㄦ按涓嬬殑锛涘湪姘翠腑鐨?vegetationn.锛堟€荤Оweighv.绉帮紱绉扳€﹂噸閲?poundn.纾?discoverv.鍙戠幇锛涘彂瑙?pollutedadj.presentprogressive?presentsimple infinitiven.鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷舰锛涗笉瀹氬紡passivevoice?suitableadj.鍚堥€傜殑锛涢€傚疁鐨?tinyadj.?cagen.绗煎瓙锛涘洑绗?disgustedadj.鍘屾伓鐨勶紱鍘岀儲鐨?educatev.carefor鍏虫€€锛涚収椤?urgev.?expressionn.琛ㄨrecyclev.builtv.build鐨勮繃鍘诲紡鍜岃繃鍘诲垎璇?stuffn.鍘熸枡锛涙潗鏂?pullv.鎷夛紱鎷栵紱鎷?gluev.鑳跺悎锛涚矘璐达紱璐村悎n.鑳舵按roofn.椤讹紱灞嬮《锛涙埧椤?discardv.涓㈠純锛涙斁寮?tilen.鐡︾墖锛涚摲鐮?fencen.鏍呮爮锛涘洿澧?cann.锛堣紝甯稿甫鏈夌洊鐨勶級閲戝睘缃?recentlyadv.鏈€杩?planetn.琛屾槦societyn.绀惧洟锛涚ぞ浼?inspirationn.鐏垫劅锛涢紦鑸炰汉蹇冪殑浜猴紙鎴栦簨鐗╋級spareadj.澶氫綑鐨勶紱绌洪棽鐨?modeln.妯″瀷raisen.闆?rainforestn.锛堢儹甯︾殑锛夐洦鏋?disappearv.娑堝け锛涗笉瑙?savev.鎸芥晳锛涗繚鍏?eventn.娲诲姩锛涗簨浠?speechn.?cutdownon鍑忓皯锛涙秷鍑?ordinaryadj.plasticadj.濉戞枡鐨?harmv.鎹熷?processv.?takepartin鍙傚姞锛涘弬涓?jamn.鎷ユ尋锛涘牭濉?Winterbourne4璇?inventv鍙戞槑锛涘垱閫?beusedfor鐢ㄦ潵鍋?.. scoopv.鐢ㄥ嫼鑸€n.鍕哄瓙锛涚悆褰㈠嫼锛涢暱鏌勫嫼adjustableadj.heeln.夌殑锛夊悗璺燂紱锛堣冻锛夎窡batteryn.鐢垫睜operatev.鎿嶄綔锛涗綔涓?slippern.鎷栭瀷bulbn.鐢电伅娉★紱鐢电伅lightbulb鐢电伅娉?microwaveadj.&n.?microwaveoven?crispyadj.鑴嗙殑锛涙槗纰庣殑saltyadj.鍜哥殑锛涘惈鐩愮殑souradj.閰哥殑锛涢吀鍛崇殑bymistake?chefn.鍘ㄥ笀sprinklev.鎾掞紙绮夋湯鐘剁墿锛夛紱娲掞紙娑蹭綋锛?byaccident鍋剁劧锛涙剰澶?beveragen.accordingto鏍规嵁锛涙寜鐓?ancientadj.鍙や唬鐨勶紱鍙よ€佺殑legendn.?boilv.鐓bushn.鐏屾湪fallinto钀藉叆锛涢櫡鍏?remainv.淇濇寔锛涘墿浣欙紱娈嬩綑producev.鐢熸皵锛涘埗閫狅紱浜х敓pleasantadj.鑸掗€傜殑锛inthisway杩欐牱pien.棣呴ゼflyingdisk bakeryn.闈㈠寘搴?Bridgeport甯冮噷濂囬】锛堥潰鍖呭簵鐨勫悕绉帮級Connecticut锛堢編鍥斤級搴锋秴鐙勬牸宸?throwv.鎶曪紱鎺?lemonn.cookien.灏忕敎楗煎共abacusn.绠楃洏binocularsn.鍙岀瓛鏈涜繙闀?centuryn.涓栫邯锛涚櫨骞?rankn.椤哄簭锛涚骇鍒?noticev.娉ㄦ剰鍒帮紱鐪嬪埌锛涚暀蹇?includingprep.鍖呭惈锛涘寘鎷?indoorsadv.鍦ㄦ埛鍐?createv.鍒涢€狅紱鍒涗綔锛涘垱寤?woodenadj.鏈ㄥ埗鐨?knockv.?knockinto鎾炰笂锛堟煇浜猴級dividev.鍒嗗紑锛涘垝鍒?aimn.?basketn.?metaln.閲戝睘hoopn.绠嶏紱閾佺幆shootv.鎶曞皠锛涘彂灏勶紱灏勫嚭belowprep.鍦?..鐨勪笅... backboardn.?guidev.棰?towardsprep.鍚戯紱寰€锛涙湞鐫€...鐨勬柟鍚?courtn.娉曢櫌Berlin鏌忔灄developv.鍙戝睍锛涘.澶э紱瀹屽杽popularityn.涙祦琛?risenv.rise鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇?worldwideadj.涓栫晫鑼冨洿鐨勶紱涓栫晫鎬х殑associationn.鍗忎細equipmentn.?JamesEllsworth鏉扮背.?JulieThompson鏈辫帀.姹ゆ櫘妫?Crum鍏嬫湕濮嗭紙濮撴皬锛?JamesNaismith??5璇?restroomn.shampoon.娲楀彂棣欐尝drugstoren.departmentn.闂?escalatorn.?magicn.榄旀湳锛涙垙娉?hangout闂茶崱freshadj.鏂伴矞鐨勶紱鐢熺殑锛涙棤缁忛獙鐨?blockn.娈?oakn.?uncrowdedadj.safeadj.瀹夊叏鐨勶紱鍙椾繚鎶ょ殑锛涗繚闄╃殑slidev.?waterslide姘存粦閬?clownn.灏忎笐锛涗笐瑙?staffn.鑱屽憳锛涘伐浣滀汉鍛橈紱鍏ㄤ綋鑱屽憳dressup marketn.甯傚満锛涢泦甯傚箍鍦?lendv.鍊熺粰parkv.鍋滆溅alrightadv.(=allright)wonderv.鎯崇煡troublev.锛堜娇锛夌儲鎭硷紱楹荤儲锛涙墦鎵?offendv.鍐掔姱锛涗娇...涓嶆剦蹇?structuren.缁撴瀯锛涙瀯閫?handin浜や笂Sunville?Killeen鏂囦腑鎸囦竴鍜栧暋棣嗗悕Valve鏂囦腑West闊︽柉鐗癸紙濮撴皬锛?experiencev.缁忓巻锛涚粡楠?Halloweenn.涓囧湥鑺傚墠澶?Holland鑽峰叞Qomolangma鐝犵﹩?6璇?bythetime鍒?..鏃跺€?gottenv.get鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇?oversleepv.鐫¤繃澶达紱鐫″緱杩囦箙gooff锛堥椆閽燂級闂瑰搷rushv.鍐诧紱濂?runoff璺戞帀锛涜繀ontime鍑嗘椂lockv.閿侊紱閿佷笂relativen.浜蹭汉锛涗翰鎴?brokev.break鐨勮繃鍘诲紡breakdown鎹熷潖锛涘潖鎺?foolv.楠楋紱n.鎰氫汉锛涚櫧鐥?costumen.?embarrassedadj.灏村艾鐨勶紱绐樿揩鐨?emptyadj.绌虹殑锛涚┖闂茬殑showup鍑哄腑锛涢湶闈?exhaustedadj.?describev.鎻忚堪锛涙弿缁?AprilFool'sDay鎰氫汉鑺?announcev.瀹e竷锛涢€氬憡Marsn.convincev.浣跨‘淇★紱浣夸俊鏈?panicn.鎭愭厡锛涙儕鎭?setoff婵€璧凤紱寮曡捣authorityn.revealv.锛涙彮闇?hoaxn.楠楀眬锛涙伓浣滃墽锛涚帺绗?fledv.flee鐨勮繃鍘诲紡鍙婅繃鍘诲垎璇?spaghettin.鎰忓ぇ鍒╁紡缁嗛潰鏉?farmern.鍐滃か锛涘啘鍦轰富girlfriendn.濂虫湅鍙?marryv.瀚侊紱濞讹紱涓?..thrillv.紱浣块潪甯哥揣寮?getmarried endingn.缁撳眬锛涚画灏?embarrassingadj.浠や汉涓洪毦鐨?apieceof涓€鐗囷紱涓€鍧?OrsonWells濂ユ..闊﹀皵鏂?1---6璇惧渾鐝犵瑪。
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新课标七年级英语上册全册单词表整理?1. 鎴戠殑2. 鍚嶅瓧3. 鏄?4. 鏃堕挓5. 鎴?6. О锛?7. 鎴戞槸8. 濂界殑锛涗护9. ?10. ?11. 浣狅紱浣犱滑12. 浠€涔?13. ?14. 15. 鍠?16. 鍡?17. 浠栫殑18. 鍜岋紱鍙堬紱鑰屼笖19. 濂圭殑20. ?21.22. 23.24. 鍚嶅瓧25. 鏈€鍚庣殑锛涗笂涓€涓?26. 濮撴皬27. 28.29. 闆?30. 涓€31. 浜?32. 涓?33. 鍥?34. 浜?35. 鍏?36. 涓?37. 鍏?38. 涔?39. 鐢佃瘽40. 鏁帮紱鏁板瓧41. 鐢佃瘽鍙风爜42. 鐢佃瘽锛涚數璇濇満43. 鐢佃瘽鍙风爜44. 瀹?45. 瀹冩槸46. 鍗★紱鍗$墖锛涚焊鐗?47. ?48. 瀹讹紱瀹跺涵49. 濮撴皬UNIT 2 1. 杩欙紱杩欎釜 2. 閾呯瑪 3. 閽㈢瑪 4. 涔?5. 姗$毊锛涢搮绗旀摝锛涢粦鏉挎摝 6. 灏猴紱鐩村昂7. 绠憋紱鐩掞紱姗?8. 閾呯瑪鐩掞紱鏂囧叿鐩?9. 鍙岃偐鑳屽寘10. 鍗风瑪鍒€锛涢搮绗斿垁11. 瀛楀吀锛涜瘝鍏?12. 閭o紱閭d釜13. 锛堣〃绀鸿偗瀹氾級鏄?14. 锛堣〃绀哄惁瀹氾級涓嶏紱涓嶆槸15. 锛堟瀯鎴愬惁瀹氾級涓嶆槸16. 涓嶆槸17.鎰熻阿18. 濂斤紱涓嶉敊19.20. 鑻辫?21. 22. 澶氫箞锛涗綍绛夛紱鎬庢牱23. 鍋氾紱骞诧紱琛屽姩24. 鎷煎啓25. 妫掔悆26. 鎵嬭〃27. 28. 杩愬姩锛涙父鎴?29. 鐢靛瓙娓告垙30. 閽ュ寵31. ?32. 33. 鎵撶數璇?34.杩戯級锛涘湪锛堟椂鍒伙級锛涗互35. 琛ㄧず鐗规寚鐨勪汉銆佺墿銆佷簨鎴栫兢浣?36. 涓㈠け鐨勶紱閬楀け鐨?37. 鎵惧洖鐨?38. 39. 璇?40. 瀛︽牎41. 涓€濂楋紱涓€鍓?42. 锛堝睘浜庯級鈥︾殑UNIT 3 1. 濮愶紱濡?2.?3. 鐖哥埜锛涚埗浜?4. 鐖朵翰鎴栨瘝浜?5. 鍏勶紱寮?6. 绁栨7. 8. 鏈嬪弸9.栫埗锛忔瘝10. 閭d簺11. О12. 閭f槸13. 杩欎簺14. 濂?15. 浠?16. 浠栨槸17.涘┒姣?18. 鍎垮瓙19. ?20. 濂冲効21. ?22. 鐓х墖锛涘浘鐢?23. 锛堝啝浜庝俊鍑戒腑鐨勭О璋撲互绀虹ぜ璨岋級浜茬埍鐨?24. 锛堣〃绀虹洰鐨勬垨鍘熷洜锛変负浜?25. 涓衡€﹁€屾劅璋?26. 鐓х墖銆佺浉鐗?27. 杩欓噷銆佸湪杩欓噷UNIT 4 1. ?2. 3. 妗屽瓙4. 搴?5. 6. 涔︽┍锛涗功绠?7. 娌欏彂8. 妞呭瓙9. 鎶藉眽10. 妞嶇墿11. 鍦ㄢ€︹€︿箣涓?12. 浠栵紙濂癸紝瀹冿級浠?13. 浠栵紙14. 鍦ㄢ€︹€︿笂15.瘝锛?16. 鐭ラ亾锛涗簡瑙?17. 18. 19. 闂归挓20. 婵€鍏夊敱鐗囩矑21. 褰曡薄鐨勶紱褰曞奖鐨?22. 褰曢煶甯︼紱甯﹀瓙23. 甯藉瓙24. 鎷胯蛋锛涘甫璧?25. 涓滆タ锛涚墿26. 鏈濓紱鍚戯紱鑷筹紱杈?27. ?28. 29. 鎷挎潵锛涘彇鏉ワ紱甯︽潵30. 涓€浜涳紱鑻ュ共31. 闇€瑕?32. 鍦版澘锛涘湴闈?33. 鎴块棿34. 35. ?UNIT 5 1. 鏈?2. 鑻卞紡瓒崇悆n. 3. 鐞?4. 5. 缃戠悆6. 锛堢綉鐞冦€佺窘姣涚悆鐨勶級鐞冩媿7. 缃戠悆鎷?8. 涔掍箵鐞?9. 鎺掔悆10. 11. 锛堢綉鐞冦€佷箳涔撶悆绛夌殑锛夌悆鎷?12. 锛坉o 鐨勫崟涓夊舰寮忥級鍋氾紱骞诧紱琛屽姩13.鍔ㄨ瘝锛?14. 15. 16. 璁╂垜浠?17. 鐜╋紱鎵撶悆18.?19. ?20. 杩愬姩锛涙父鎴?21. 鎴戜滑22. 澶ч噺鐨?23. 绀惧洟锛涗勘涔愰儴24.村ぇ鐨?25. ?26. 鏈夎叮鐨勶紱浠や汉鎰熷叴瓒g殑27. 鏃犺亰鐨勶紱浠や汉鐢熷帉鐨?28.殑29. 鍥伴毦鐨?30. 杞绘澗鐨?31. 瑙傜湅锛涙敞瑙?32. 鐪嬬數瑙?33. 锛堝崟涓夛級鏈夛紱34. ?35. 鏀惰棌鍝侊紱鏀堕泦鐗?36. 浣嗘槸37. 鍋氳繍鍔?38. 39. 锛坱hey佸畠锛変滑40. 姣忎竴锛涙瘡涓?41. 澶╋紱鏃ラ棿锛涚櫧澶╋紱涓€鏃?UNIT 6 1銆佸枩娆?2?3銆佹眽鍫″寘4銆佽タ绾㈡熆5銆佽姳妞拌彍6銆?78銆佸啺9銆佸ザ娌癸紱涔宠剛10銆佸啺娣囨穻11銆佹矙鎷?12銆佽崏鑾?13銆佹ⅷ14銆佸悆锛涢ギ15銆佸晩锛涘櫌锛涘憖16銆佸彲鏁板悕璇?1718鐗?19銆佽泲锛涢浮铔?20銆佽嫻鏋?21銆佽儭钀濆崪22銆侀浮锛涢浮鑲?23銆佹棭椁?24銆佸崍椁?2526銆佹按鏋?27銆佽敩鑿滐紱妞嶇墿2829銆佸悆3031 ?32銆佹槦鏄燂紱鏄庢槦3334銆佸ぇ閲35銆佸仴搴风殑锛涘己鍋ョ殑3637銆佹竻鍗?UNIT 1-6 1鍏凤紙鎬荤О锛?2銆佷汉锛涗汉姘?3銆侊紙鍏冮煶鍓嶏級涓4銆佺┖鐧?5銆佷氦璋堬紱璋堣瘽6銆佸彟澶栫殑浜猴紙鐗╋級锛涘叾浠栫殑7銆佷篃锛涗害锛涘苟涓?UNIT 7 1?2銆侊紙缇庡彛锛夎¥瀛?3銆佺煭琚?4銆佺敺?5銆乀鎭よ~6銆佺煭瑁?7銆佹瘺琛?8銆侀瀷9?1011銆佺編鍏?12?13銆侀粦鑹诧紙鐨勶級14銆佺櫧鑹诧紙鐨勶級15銆佺孩鑹诧紙鐨勶級16銆佺豢鑹诧紙鐨勶級17銆佽摑鑹诧紙鐨勶級18銆侀粍鑹诧紙鐨勶級19銆佸ぇ鐨勶紱骞垮ぇ鐨勶紱閲嶅ぇ鐨?20銆佸皬鐨勶紱灏忓彿鐨?2122銆侀暱鐨?23銆佽亴鍛橈紱鍔炰簨鍛?24銆佸府鍔╋紱鎻村姪2526銆佺粰浣犮€?27銆佷笉蹇呰〃绀烘劅璋㈢殑28銆佷緥瀛愶紱瀹炰緥29銆佸崄30銆佸崄涓€31銆佸崄浜?32銆佸崄涓?33銆佸崄鍥?34銆佸崄浜?35銆佸崄鍏?36銆佸崄涓?37銆佸崄鍏?38銆佸崄涔?39銆佷簩鍗?40銆佷笁鍗?41銆佽。
系统主要采用MailScanner + clamav + Spamassassin来对病毒过滤和垃圾邮件过滤。
本文在CentOS、REDHATas上安装测试通过,病毒过滤放弃采用amavisd。
主要采用执行效率更高的MailSanner来对邮件过滤和垃圾邮件过滤,配置更容易,并且降低了系统开消。
让系统更加稳定,经过严格病毒邮件测试成功率达到了100%。
垃圾邮件过滤基本上达到了95%的成功率。
更新日志新增使用mailscanner来对进出邮件进行监管。
new修正上一个版本的一些理解性和文件性错误。
主要“加强”了病毒过滤和垃圾邮件过滤,更加节约系统资源,使系统配置更简单化。
垃圾邮件过滤基本上达到了95%的成功率本文首次使用MailScanner+Clamav配合对邮件病毒进行过滤。
经过严格病毒邮件测试成功率达到了100%。
翻译了病毒邮件提示为中文提示,让系统更加的人性化。
目录1、安装系统2、关闭selinux3、设置YUM4、安装mysql5、安装apache6、安装php7、安装phpMyAdmin8、设置数据库9、增加postfix的用户和组10、安装postfix11、安装Courier-authlib12、设置authlib的环境变量13、安装Courier-imap14、配置系统15、配置sasl认证16、配置courier-imap17、安装WebMail18、启动服务测试19、安装Clamav20、升级病毒库21、安装Spamassassin22、安装MailScanner23、设置MailScanner24、测试病毒邮件25、关于本文;26、更新日志;27、参考文档;28、相关文档;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++正文+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1.、安装系统安装之前:因用户数据都保存在/var目录下,因此安装系统时/var的空间应尽量大。
系统的版本为最小化安装,软件包只安装只装开发包(development)。
在文档中假设服务器的ip地址为192.168.0.2,域名为,主机名为。
所需的软件包我都打包好了。
下载地址:/soft/src.tar.gz请兄弟们仔细一些,注意空格和TAB。
祝兄弟们好运。
本人水平有限。
如果发现文章中有什么错误和不当的地方请发邮件:scyz at 。
我会在第一时间给予答复。
2.关闭selinux[root@mail]# vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disable[root@mail]# reboot3、设置YUM[root@mailyum.repos.d] viCentOS-Base.repo[base]name=CentOS-4.2 - Basebaseurl=/centos/4.2/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4#released updates[update]name=CentOS-4.2 - Updatesbaseurl=/centos/4.2/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4#packages used/produced in the build but not released [addons]name=CentOS-4.2 - Addonsbaseurl=/centos/4.2/addons/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4#additional packages that may be useful[extras]name=CentOS-4.2 - Extrasbaseurl=/centos/4.2/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus]name=CentOS-4.2 - Plusbaseurl=/centos/4.2/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4#contrib - packages by Centos Users[contrib]name=CentOS-4.2 - Contribbaseurl=/centos/4.2/contrib/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4#packages in testing[testing]name=CentOS-4.2 - Testingbaseurl=/centos/4.2/testing/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4[root@mailyum.repos.d]# vidag.repo[dag]name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag gpgcheck=1enabled=1[root@mailyum.repos.d]# yum update4、安装mysql[root@mail build]#yum install mysql-server[root@mail build]#yum install mysql-devel5、安装apache[root@mail build]#yum install httpd6.安装php[root@mail build]#yum install php[root@mail build]#yum install php-mysql[root@mail build]#yum install php-gd[root@mail build]#yum install php-imap[root@mail build]#yum install vsftpd[root@mail build]#yum install clamav[root@mail build]#yum install spamassassin[root@mail build]#/usr/bin/freshclam设置apache默认:User apache改为User postfix默认Group apache改为Group postfix默认AddDefaultCharset UTF-8改为AddDefaultCharset gb2312新加入:AddType application/x-httpd-php .phpAddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps7、安装phpMyAdmin[root@mail build]#tar –zxf ../src/phpMyAdmin-2.8.0.1.tar.gz[root@mail build]#mv phpMyAdmin-2.8.0.1 /var/www/html/dbadmin/[root@mail build]#cp /var/www/html/dbadmin/libraries/config.default.php /var/www/html/dbadmin/dbadmin/libraries/config.inc.php (line 1.)8、设置数据库[root@mail build]#mysqlMysql> create datases postfix;Mysql> use mysql;Mysql> INSERT INTO user (host,user,password) VALUES('localhost','postfix','');Mysql> update user set password=password('postfix') where User='postfix';Mysql> GRANT ALL ON postfix.* TO postfix@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "postfix";Mysql> exit[root@mail build] tar –zxf ../src/webmail.tar.gz[root@mail build] mysql –u root –p postfix <Tmail.sql9、增加postfix的用户和组[root@mail build] groupadd -g 12345 postfix[root@mail build] useradd -u 12345 -g 12345 -c postfix -d/dev/null -s/sbin/nologin postfix [root@mail build] groupadd -g 54321 postdrop10、安装postfix[root@mail build] tar –zxf ../src/postfix-2.2.8.tar.gz[root@mail build] cd postfix-2.2.8[root@mail build] patch -p1 < ../../src/postfix-2.2.8-vda.patch[root@mail build] make -f Makefile.initmakefiles \'CCARGS=-DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/sasl' \'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/lib/mysql -L/usr/lib/sasl2 -lmysqlclient -lsasl2 -lz -lm'[root@mail build] make[root@mail build] make install执行make install这里会出现很多问题,但postfix已经为我们设置好了默认的答案,直接使用这些答案就可以使postfix正常工作了,所以我们只要直接按回车就可以了11、安装Courier-authlib[root@mail build] tar –jxf ../src/courier-authlib-0.58.tar.gz[root@mail build] cd courier-authlib-0.58[root@mail build] ./configure --prefix=/usr/lib/authlib --without-authpam \--without-authcustom --without-authpgsql --without-authldap \--without-authuserdb --without-authpwd --without-authshadow \--without-authvchkpw --with-authmysql \--with-authdaemonvar=/usr/lib/authlib/var \--mandir=/usr/lib/man --without-stdheaderdir \--sysconfdir=/usr/lib/authlib/etc \--with-redhat[root@mail build] make[root@mail build] make install[root@mail build] make install-migrate[root@mail build] make install-configure12、设置authlib的环境变量[root@mail build] COURIERAUTHCONFIG=/usr/lib/authlib/bin/courierauthconfig[root@mail build] export COURIERAUTHCONFIG13、安装Courier-imap[root@mail build] tar –jxf ../src/courier-imap-4.0.6.tar.gz[root@mail build] cd courier-imap-4.0.6[root@mail build] ./configure –prefix=/usr/lib/imapd \--silent --without-authpgsql --without-ipv6 \--with-redhat --with-authmysql \--mandir=/usr/lib/man --disable-root-check[root@mail build] make[root@mail build] make install[root@mail build] make install-configure14、配置系统[root@mail build] mv /etc/aliases /etc/aliases.bak[root@mail build] ln -s /etc/postfix/aliases /etc/aliases[root@mail build] echo 'root: postfix'>>/etc/postfix/aliases [root@mail build] /usr/bin/newaliases[root@mail build] mv /var/mail /var/mail.bak[root@mail build] mkdir /var/mail[root@mail build] chown -R postfix:postfix /var/mail[root@mail build] mv /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bak [root@mail build] vi /etc/postfix/main.cfcommand_directory = /usr/sbinconfig_directory = /etc/postfixdaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfixdebug_peer_level = 2html_directory = nomail_owner = postfixmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailqmanpage_directory = /usr/local/mannewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliasesqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfixreadme_directory = nosample_directory = /etc/postfixsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmailsetgid_group = postdropunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks#############NEW ADD######################=====================BASE===================== myhostname = mydomain = mydestination = $myhostnamelocal_recipient_maps =local_transport = virtual#=====================MySQL=====================virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cfvirtual_gid_maps = static:54321virtual_mailbox_base = /virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cfvirtual_mailbox_limit = 51200000virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cfvirtual_minimum_uid = 125virtual_transport = virtualvirtual_uid_maps = static:12345#=====================Quota=====================virtual_create_maildirsize = yesvirtual_mailbox_extended = yesvirtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yesvirtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please try again later.virtual_overquota_bounce = yes#====================SASL=====================smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yessmtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymousbroken_sasl_auth_clients = yessmtpd_delay_reject=yessmtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_auth_destination,rejectsmtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated[root@mail build] vi mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cfuser = postfixpassword = postfixhosts = localhostdbname = postfixquery = SELECT alias FROM userinfo WHERE address='%s' AND active = 1[root@mail build] vi mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cfuser = postfixpassword = postfixhosts = localhostdbname = postfixquery = SELECT domain FROM domaininfo WHERE domain='%s'[root@mail build] vi mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cfuser = postfixpassword = postfixhosts = localhostdbname = postfixquery = SELECT quota FROM userinfo WHERE address='%s'[root@mail build] vi mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cfuser = postfixpassword = postfixhosts = localhostdbname = postfixquery = SELECT maildir FROM userinfo WHERE address='%s' AND active = 115、配置sasl认证[root@mail build] vi /usr/lib/sasl2/smtpd.confpwcheck_method: authdaemondlog_level: 3mech_list: plain loginauthdaemond_path:/usr/lib/authlib/var/socket16、配置courier-imap[root@mail build] mv /usr/lib/authlib/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc /usr/lib/authlib/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc.bak[root@mail build] vi /usr/lib/authlib/etc/authlib/authmysqlrcMYSQL_SERVER localhostMYSQL_USERNAME postfixMYSQL_PASSWORD postfixMYSQL_PORT 0MYSQL_OPT 0MYSQL_DATABASE postfixMYSQL_USER_TABLE userinfoMYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD passwdMYSQL_UID_FIELD '12345'MYSQL_GID_FIELD '54321'MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD addressMYSQL_HOME_FIELD homedirMYSQL_NAME_FIELD realnameMYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD maildirMYSQL_QUOTA_FIELD quota[root@mail build] mv /usr/lib/authlib/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc /usr/lib/authlib/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc.bak[root@mail build] vi /usr/lib/authlib/etc/authlib/authdaemonrcauthmodulelist="authmysql"authmodulelistorig="authmysql"version="authdaemond.mysql"daemons=5subsystem=mailDEBUG_LOGIN=0DEFAULTOPTIONS="wbnodsn=1"[root@mail build] vi /usr/lib/imapd/etc/pop3d默认POP3DSTART=NO改为POP3DSTART=YES[root@mail build] vi /usr/lib/imapd/etc/imapd默认IMAPDSTART=NO改为IMAPDSTART=YES[root@mail build] chmod +x /usr/lib/authlib/var/17、安装WebMail[root@mail build] mv Tmail /var/www/html/webmail[root@mail build] vi /var/www/html/webmail/config/config_inc.php$CFG_BASEPATH = "/var/www/html/webmail/temp"; //临时目录// Mysqldefine(MYSQL_HOST, 'localhost'); //数据库主机名define(MYSQL_USER, 'postfix'); //数据库用户名define(MYSQL_PASS, 'postfix'); //数据库密码define(MYSQL_DATA, 'postfix'); //数据库名称$CFG_NETDISK_PATH = "/var/mail/netdisk"; //文件管理存储目录[root@mail build] vi /var/www/html/webmail/webadmin/include/config.inc.php// Mysqldefine(MYSQL_HOST, 'localhost'); //数据库主机名define(MYSQL_USER, 'postfix'); //数据库用户名define(MYSQL_PASS, 'postfix'); //数据库密码define(MYSQL_DATA, 'postfix'); //数据库名称[root@mail build] mkdir /var/mail/netdisk[root@mail build] chown –R postfix:postfix /var/mail/netdisk[root@mail build] mkdir /var/www/html/webmail/temp[root@mail build] chown –R postfix:postfix /var/www/html/webmail/temp[root@mail build] cp courier-authlib-0.58/courier-authlib.sysvinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-authlib [root@mail build] chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-authlib[root@mail build] chkconfig –-add courier-authlib[root@mail build] cp courier-imap-4.0.6/courier-imap.sysvinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-imap [root@mail build] chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-imap[root@mail build] chkconfig –-add courier-imap18、启动服务测试[root@mail build] chkconfighttpd on[root@mail build] chkconfigmysqld on[root@mail build] service httpd start[root@mail build] service mysqld start[root@mail build] service courier-authlib start[root@mail build] service courier-imap start[root@mail build] postfix start通过后台加入域名和用户名(本文档中的域名为: 、用户名:test@ )[root@mail build] perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("test\@");' dGVzdEB0ZXN0LmNvbQ==[root@mail build] perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("000000");'MDAwMDAw[root@mail build] telnet localhost 25Trying 127.0.0.1...Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).Escape character is '^]'.220 ESMTP Postfixehlo mail250-PIPELINING250-SIZE 10240000250-VRFY250-ETRN250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN250 8BITMIMEauth login334 VXNlcm5hbWU6dGVzdEB0ZXN0LmNvbQ== //用户名(test@)334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6MDAwMDAw // 密码(000000)235 Authentication successful //表示成功验证通过19、安装Clamav[root@mail build] rpm --import /packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt [root@mail build] rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt[root@mail build] rpm -q gpg-pubkey --qf "%{summary} -> %{version}-%{release}\n" gpg(CentOS-4 key ) -> 443e1821-421f218fgpg(Dag Wieers (Dag Apt Repository v1.0) ) -> 6b8d79e6-3f49313d[root@mail build] vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo[dag]name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linuxbaseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/daggpgcheck=1enabled=1[root@mail build] yum update[root@mail build] yum install clamav20、升级病毒库[root@mail build] /usr/bin/freshclamClamAV update process started at Thu Mar 9 17:23:21 2006main.cvd is up to date (version: 36, sigs: 44686, f-level: 7, builder: tkojm)daily.cvd is up to date (version: 1319, sigs: 1376, f-level: 7, builder: ccordes)21、安装Spamassassin[root@mail build] yum install spamassassin[root@mail build] service spamassassin start22、安装MailScanner[root@mail build] tar –zxf ../src/MailScanner-4.51.5-1.rpm.tar.gz[root@mail build] MailScanner-4.51.5-1/install.sh23、设置MailScanner[root@mail build] chkconfigsendmail off[root@mail build] chkconfig --level 2345 MailScanner on[root@mail build] vi /etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf%org-name% = %org-long-name% = wooxian%web-site% = %report-dir% = /etc/MailScanner/reports/cnRun As User = postfixRun As Group = postfixIncoming Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/holdOutgoing Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/incomingMTA = postfixVirus Scanners = clamavAlways Include SpamAssassin Report = yesUse SpamAssassin = yesRequired SpamAssassin Score = 6SpamAssassin User State Dir = /var/spool/MailScanner/spamassassin SpamAssassin Install Prefix = /usr/binSpamAssassin Local Rules Dir = /etc/MailScanner[root@mail build] yum install unrar[root@mail build] unrarx ../src/cn.rar[root@mail build] mv cn /etc/MailScanner/reports/[root@mail build] mv /etc/postfix/header_check /etc/postfix/header_check.bak [root@mail build] vi /etc/postfix/header_check/^Received:/ HOLD[root@mail build] chown –R postfix:postfix /var/spool/MailScanner/*[root@mail build] postfix stop[root@mail build] service MailScanner start24、测试病毒邮件[root@mail build] telnet localhost 25Trying 127.0.0.1...Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).Escape character is '^]'.220 ESMTP Postfixehlo mail250-PIPELINING250-SIZE 10240000250-VRFY250-ETRN250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN250 8BITMIMEauth login334 VXNlcm5hbWU6dGVzdEB0ZXN0LmNvbQ== //用户名(test@)334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6MDAwMDAw // 密码(000000)235 Authentication successful //表示成功验证通过MAIL FROM:250 OkRCPT TO:250 OkDATA354 End data with .Subject:Virus testX5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*.250 Ok: queued as F0C221CC20 //出现F0C221CC20这行表示mailscanner运行成功了quit221 ByeConnection closed by foreign host.收到邮件后会在主题会变成:{Virus?} Virus test邮件内容会是以下内容:警告: 此邮件有一个或多个附加档案被移除警告: 附加档案名称: (详细讯息).警告: 请参考此信件附加档案"-Attachment-Warning.txt" 取得更详细的资料此讯息由MailScanner电子邮件防护系统发出-----------------------------------------原有邮件附加档案为"详细讯息" 被列入拒绝处理的名单.且被替换为此讯息.若您仍希望收到*被感染的*附加档案,,请联络系统管理者.包含以下内容:Thu Mar 9 15:57:25 2006 病毒侦测报告:ClamAV: msg-3682-1.txt contains Eicar-Test-Signature求助问题: 检查the () MailScanner机器的/var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine/20060309 (编号639F13F97B.BBC3F).--系统管理者以上内容出现表示mailscanner的病毒过滤生效。