新目标英语八年级下英语解析
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Unit 1 Will people have robots?
Ⅰ课文基础知识讲解
Section A
一、课文详解
(一)生词
1. use (1) v. to employ sth. for a purpose 使用;利用eg:
We use knives to cut thin g s. 我们用刀子来切东西。
(2) n. [U] suing or being used 用;使用;利用eg:
Something muse be done about the use of cars. 必须对车辆的使用加以限制。
3. n. [C, U] purpose for which sth. is used 用途;用处eg:
It’s no use trying to keep him in bed. 劝他卧床休息没有用。
拓展:use one’s head 动脑筋use up 用完;用光make (full) use of …(充分)利用……useful adj. 有用的useless adj. 无用的
2. less adj. not as much (as …); a smaller amount (of )较少;较小eg:
We have less rain this year. 今年雨水比较少。
注意:less是little的比较级,其反义词为more,用来修饰不可数名词。
3. fewer adj. the comparative of few (few 的比较级)较少的eg:
There will be fewer trees on the hill. 山上将会有更少的树木。
注意:fewer是few的比较级,其反义词为more,用来修饰可数名词。
4. pollution n. [U] the process of making air, water, soil, etc, dirty 污染;污染物eg:
There is a lot of pollution in the air here. 这里的空气有大量的污染物。
拓展:pollute v. 污染;弄脏
(二)短语
In college 意为“在上大学”eg:
My sister will be in college next year. 我姐姐明年要上大学。
拓展:go to college 上大学
注意:college之前不加冠词。
(三)同近义词辨析
1. there be 与have
there be 结构表示“某地有某人 /物”,强调的是“客观存在”,至于此物属于谁则无关紧要。eg:—Is there a robot working in the supermarket now? 现在这个超市里有台机器人在工作吗?
—No, there isn’t. 不,没有。
have/has 表示“某人/物有……”,指拥有、所有或占有,强调的是“所属关系”,至于此物在何时何地则无需谈及。eg:
—Does the boy have his own room? 这个小男孩有自己的房间吗?
—Yes, he does. 是的,他有。
2. a few, few, a little与little
a few表示“一点点;少数;几个”,含有肯定的意思,用来修饰可数名词的复数。eg:
He has only a few friends here. 在这儿他只有几个朋友。
few 表示“很少;几乎没有”,含有否定的意思,用来修饰可数名词的复数。eg:
Lucy is new here, so she has few friends now. 露西是新来的,因此她现在几乎没有朋友。
a little表示“一点点”,虽然数量少,但表示肯定的意思,修饰不可数名词。eg:
I can speak only a little French. 我只会讲一点法语。
little 表示“数量很少;几乎没有”,含有否定的意思,修饰不可数名词。eg:
There is little paper here, Please bring me some. 这儿几乎没纸了,请给我拿些来。
注意:only只能与a few或a little连用,不能与little或few连用。
(四)交际用语
1. Do you think there will be robots in people’s homes? 你认为人们的家里会有机器人
吗?
(1) 以Do you think 开头的疑问句,用以征求对方的意见或看法,答句通常直接对应Do you think 后宾语从句的内容即可。eg:
—Do you think he will like my present? 你认为他会喜欢我的礼物吗?
—Of course, he will. 当然,他一定会喜欢的。
(2) there will be …意为“将有……”。这是there be句型的一般将来时态的陈述式肯定结构,有时还可用there is/are going to be…。eg:
There will be fewer animals in the future. = There are going to be fewer animals in the future. 将来动物会更少。
2.—I think there will be more pollution. 我认为将会有更多污染。
—Well, I don’t agree. But I think …哦,我不同意,但我认为……
(1)I think …用于不是十分确定地表达自己的想法。eg:
I think they will come back next week. 我认为他们下周会回来。
(2) I agree. I don’t agree. 我同意。/我不同意。用来表示对别人的观点持有相同或不同的见解。eg:
—I think there will be fewer cars. 我认为将会有更少的小汽车。
—I don’t agree. 我不同意。
(五)重难点句子分析
1. People won’t use money, Everything will be free.
人们将不用钱了,一切都是免费的。
精讲:free是形容词,此处意为“免费的”。此外还有“空闲的;自由的”等意思。eg: Are you free tomorrow? 明天你有空吗?
They enjoy free medical care. 他们享受公费医疗。
2. People will live to be 200 year old. 人们会活动200岁。
精讲:live to be +时间,意为“活到……”。eg:
She lived to be a hundred. 她活了一百岁。
Section B
一、课文详解
(一)生词
1. space (1) n. [U] unoccupied are or place available for use 空间eg:
Is there space for one more person in the car? 车里可以再坐一个人吗?
2. n. [U] universe beyond the earth’s atmosphere 太空eg:
He was the first man to walk in space. 他是在太空漫步的第一个人。
注意:space意为“太空”时,一般不用冠词,但被形容词修饰时可用the。eg:
in the dark space 在黑暗的太空中
2. fly (1) v. to travel in an aircraft or a spacecraft 飞行;航行eg:
My father flew to Beijing yesterday. 昨天我父亲乘飞机去了北京。
(2) v. to control or direct the flight of (an aircraft, etc.) 开飞机;驾驶(飞行器等)eg:
He was the first man ever to fly that type of aircraft. 他是驾驶那种飞机的第一人。
3. fall (1) v. to drop or descend 落下;跌落eg:
He fell off his bike and broke his leg. 他从自行车上跌下了,断了腿。
(2) v. to become 变为eg: Has she fallen ill again? 她又病了吗?
(3) n. act or instance of falling 落下;跌落eg: I had so many falls that I was blue and black all over. 我跌了那么多跟头以至于浑身青一块紫一块。
拓展:fall off=fall down from 从……掉下来fall behind …落后于……
注意:fall的过去式为fell, feel的过去式为felt。
4. probably adv. Almost certainly 大概;或许eg:
I’ll be probably free then. 那时我大概就有空了。
拓展:probable adj. 大概的;很可能的probability n. 可能性;可能的结果
5. even (1) adv. used to emphasize sth. (用以加强语气)甚至eg: