2018高三英语二轮复习板块二语篇理解题专题一阅读理解6明确说明文的读文、答题程序

锁定主旨大意题A(2017·江西五市八校二次联考)Anna Schiferl hadn't even got out of bed when she reached for her cell phone and typed a text to her mom，one recent Saturday.Her mom was right downstairs in the kitchen.The text was that Anna wanted an egg for breakfast.Soon after，Joanna Schiferl called，“If you want to talk to me，Anna，come downstairs and see me！” Anna laughs about it now.“I was kind of lazy，” she admits.These days，many people with cell phones prefer texting to a phone call.And that's creating a communication divide of sorts—the talkers VS the texters.Some would argue that it's no big deal.But many experts say the most successful communicators will，of course，have the competence to do both.And they fear that more of us are unable to have—or at least are avoiding—the traditional face－to－face conversations.Many professors say it is not common to see students outside of class.“I sit in my office lonely now because if my students have a question，they e­mail me，often late at night，” says Renee Houston，a professor at the University of Puget Sound in Washington state.“And they never call.”As Anna sees，“There are people you'll text，but won't call.It's just a way to stay in touch with each other.” Some believe that scores of texts each day keep people more connected.“The problem is that the conversation isn't very deep，” says Joseph Grenny，co－author of the book Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High.“The problem has been there since we've had telephones—probably since the time of a telegraph，” G renny says.Texting is just the latest way to do that.Though they may not always be so good at deep conversations themselves，Grenny suggests that parents model the behavior for their children and put down their own cell phones.He says that they also should set limits，as Anna's mom did when she made the “no texting to people in the same house” rule.语篇解读：现在很多人用发信息的方式和别人交流而忽视了面对面的交流，本文介绍了不同的人对这种交流方式的态度和观点。

2018届二轮复习阅读理解题的说明文备考策略与练习Ⅰ.策略指导说明文通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能，是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。

说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次。

说明文的考查多为科普知识、动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。

因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点、叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

Ⅱ.模拟训练A(2016·北京东城区模拟)Ask anyone what is the most difficult part of changing their lifestyle habits and they are most likely to say, “Staying motivated.” But a 36­year­old professor from Carnegie Mellon University claims it may have the answer in the form of robot weight loss coach that dishes out daily health advice and encouragement.Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata, a company based in Sha Tin which claims to be a pioneer in commercial socially-interactive robots.The robot, which stands around 38 centimeters tall, has a head that swivels (旋转), blue eyes, and a touch screen which allows the user to input information daily about exercise and diet. Its creators say Autom will have a daily conversation with its user lasting up to five minutes, giving feedback and encouragement.Over time, it will interact more with the user as it gathers more information about them.Cory Kidd, a research team manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, claims research has shown that people find robots a more reliable source of information than on-screen-based characters.In a controlled study in Pittsburgh City Council, 15 dieters were given Autom for six weeks. Another 15 received a touch-screen computer with identical software and 15 were given a paper log.The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log.“While not one person among the computer or paper groups continued past six weeks, most who had Autom did not want to give her back at the conclusion of the study，” he said.The bottom line is that a robot creates a more powerful and long-lasting relationship with the user than a character on the screen.Autom is expected to go on sale later this year in the United States for around $500.A robot which speaks and understands Cantonese and Mandarin in addition to English according to the demands is also being developed.语篇解读：人们想改变自己的生活方式时，所面临的最大问题就是保持持久的动力。

技法6| 利用语法和句法结构解题[解题技法分述]完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。

正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。

[经典案例分析][例1](2017·北京高考)Later，when Hannah attended school，she saw another homeless person.It was a woman，39 an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled with 40 ．It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them.This made Hannah very sad，and even more 41 to do something.She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man.Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad，she wouldn't 43 as bad.39．A.pushing B．carryingC．buying D．holding40．A.goods B．bottlesC．foods D．bags41．A.excited B．determinedC．energetic D．grateful42．A.since B．unlessC．although D．as43．A.sound B．getC．feel D．look解析：42空考查句法结构，根据其前后的时态，特别是前面的完成时可判定42空状语从句的引导词应选A；43空考查词义辨析，四个选项都可以用作系动词，但此处bad是一种感觉，故43空选C。

专题一阅读理解阅读理解在高考英语中所占分值最大，可以说“得阅读者得高考”。

因此，在考前复习中，阅读理解能力的培养和训练依然是重中之重。

本部分从高考真题入手，剖析高考阅读理解的命题特点，并对高考常考题型结合高考真题进行解题指导，能有效地提高解题的速度和精准度。

1.高考阅读的主题语境与体裁(以2016～2018全国卷Ⅰ为例)语篇主题语境体裁2018 A 人与社会——参观指南应用文B 人与社会——省钱做美食说明文C 人与社会——语言的消亡说明文D 科技创新——新电器能节能说明文2017 A 人与社会——参观指南应用文B 人与自然——救助猫头鹰记叙文C 西方文化——爵士乐说明文D 科技创新——太阳能蒸馏器说明文从近几年的高考语篇来看，高考语篇涉及三大主题语境：即人与自我、人与社会和人与自然，而西方文化和科技创新则是常考内容，文体主要涉及应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文等。

2.高考阅读理解的题型高考阅读理解主要涉及四种题型，以2018全国卷Ⅰ为例，4篇阅读理解中细节理解为7个小题、推理判断为5个小题、主旨大意为2个小题、词义猜测为1个小题。

3.高考阅读材料的特点(1)高考语篇为考生未见过的材料，但一定是native speaker所写，新材料尽量原汁原味。

(2)高考语篇不回避社会热点，如旅游、环保、科技创新等。

(3)高考语篇有些基于一定的文化背景，如2018全国卷ⅠB篇中的英语电视节目Sa v e Money：Good Food，2017全国卷ⅠC篇中的International Jazz Day，2017全国卷ⅡA篇中的Shakespeare’s plays和2017全国卷ⅢC篇中的Yellowstone National Park等。

4.高考阅读词汇的特点高考语篇中词汇量大，含有大量的派生词、熟词生义词以及英语习语，如2018全国卷ⅠB篇中的grill, cooking up a storm，2018全国卷ⅠD篇中的track，2017全国卷ⅠC篇中的widen，accessible和熟词生义词2017全国卷ⅠC篇中的appetite。

2018高三英语二轮复习板块二语篇理解题专题一阅读理解5揭示记叙文的读文解题规律

揭示记叙文的读文解题规律 A (2017·北京海淀区高三零模)One day when I was 12，my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library，and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem inability to read. In the library，I found my way into the “Children's Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle，the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer，but one morning，he was gone，given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle. There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title，Amos，the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly，I had read the title.Without opening the book，I borrowed it from the library for the summer. Under the shade of a bush，I started to read about Amos.I read very，very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly，I got the main idea of the story about a dog who，like mine，had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog，and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story，my mind continued the final scene of reunion，on and on，until my own lost dog and I were，in my mind，running together. My mother's call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: I had read a book，and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them. I never told my mother about my “miraculous”(奇迹般地)experience that summer，but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later，she was proud that her son had read thousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了原本阅读有困难的作者通过读一本与自己有 着相同经历的书而让自己的阅读水平有了很大的提高，克服阅读障碍并最终有所成就的故事。 1. The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to ________. A．encourage him to do more walking B．let him spend a meaningful summer C．help cure him of his reading problem D．make him learn more about weapons [解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem inability to read.”可知，妈妈让作者去图书馆借书是为了解决他的阅读障碍，故C项正确。 [答案] C 2. The book caught the author's eye because ________. A．it reminded him of his own dog B．he found its title easy to understand C．it contained pretty pictures of animals D．he liked children's stories very much [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle，the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.”可知，这本书之所以吸引作者的眼球是因为这本书的封面上有一只小猎犬，这只小猎犬和作者小时候养的狗一样，故A项正确。 [答案] A 3. Why could the author manage to read the book through? A．He was forced by his mother to read it. B．He identified with the story in the book. C．The book told the story of his pet dog. D．The happy ending of the story attracted him. [解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That dog was my dog，and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story，my mind continued the final scene of reunion，on and on，until my own lost dog and I were，in my mind，running to gether.”可知，作者和自己的小猎犬的故事与书中的故事有着相似的经历，这吸引他读完这本书，故B项正确。 [答案] B 4．Which one could be the best title of the passage? A．My Passion for Reading B．Mum's Strict Order C．Reunion with My Beagle D．The Charm of a Book [解析] 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了原本阅读有困难的作者通过读一本与自己有着相同经历的书而让自己的阅读水平有了很大的提高，正是因为这本书的魅力才让作者克服了阅读障碍，最终有所成就。故D项作标题最能概括全文内容。 [答案] D B (2017·福建漳州八校高三期末) My teacher，Mr.August J．Bachmann，was the most influential teacher I ever had. I had gotten into trouble in his class：Another student had pushed me for fun，and I became angry and began to hit him.Mr.Bachmann stopped the fight，but instead of sending me to the office，he sat me down and asked a simple question：“Penna，why are you wasting your life？Why aren't you going to college？” I didn't know anything about colleges or scholarships.No one had ever considered that a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future.That day，instead of rushing off for lunch，he stayed and explained possible education options to me.At the end of our talk，he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state college.This was in 1962 at Emerson High School in Union City，New Jersey. Well,53 years have passed，and what have I done with the knowledge he gave me？ I gained a PhD from Fordham University when I was only 29.I taught English and social studies and then moved up the chain of command from teacher to principal. I've sat on the board for Magnet Schools of America and represented that organization at the United Nations.I've won a number of great educational awards.But where would it be if a truly caring teacher had not taken the time out of his lunch period to speak to me？It was without question only his confidence in me that helped me forward. I have repaid his kindness hundreds of times by encouraging misguided youngsters to aim higher.If I have saved any children，

技法2| 引人入胜的开篇语[技法综述]常言道，好的开头是成功的一半。

一篇英语作文的开头如果写得好，就会给阅卷老师良好的印象，吸引他继续读下去。

1.如何写好开头？开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解文章要谈什么，最好能立刻引起读者的兴趣。

下面介绍几种常见的写法：(1) 背景法——说明事件发生的时间、地点、背景等Last Monday，my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip.(2) 主题句法——提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题Old people can play an important role in our country，because they have experience，they are wiser，and they have enough time.(3) 问题法——用提出问题的方法来引出文章的内容，以吸引读者的注意力Why do we go to university？Different people have different opinions.(4) 引语法——摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头There is an old English saying，“Gain time, ga in life.”Then what is time？Time is a kind of thing that we can't see or touch, but we can feel it pass by.(5) 数据法——引用已经证实的某些统计数字来引起话题The fact that less than 5% of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising，especially compared with the American percentage of over 30%.(6) 实例法——通过一个实例或现象引出话题Nowadays，people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic.It has seriously influenced people's daily life and economic development.2.书信的开头近几年的高考书面表达以书信为主，英语书信的特点是开门见山，用简洁的语言引出文章的主题，使读者清楚文章要说什么。

第一部分专题六一、单句语法填空1．It was not until he entered the classroom ________ he realized that he had left his bookbag on the bus.2．Mary is my wife.It was on the farm ________ we worked that I got to know her.3．It was ________ you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.4．________ was it that phoned just now?5．Not only ________ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.6．Only when the war was over ________ the young soldier return to his hometown.7．In the past two days，many a person ________ (infect)with the disease。

8．A library with several thousands of books ________(offer) to the citizens as a special gift on the National Day last year.9．Not until he left his home ________ he begin to know how important the family was for him.10．When ________ (return) home，I met my old friend Paul in the street.1．解析：考查强调句型。

高考题型组合练6 阅读理解＋阅读理解＋阅读七选五Ⅰ.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A(2017·民乐一中高三模拟)Fun games and activities play an important role in making picnics enjoyable.Here are some examples.Picnic Games for all Age Groups：Running and jumping races，playing balloons are some of the very popular picnic games for children.Grown-ups in the picnic mood often enjoy taking part in children's games too.While organizing picnic games that suit all age groups，think of all tho se going to the picnic and think of their preferences.Picnic games for grown-ups can include playing frisbee (飞盘)，ball games and other sport s activities.Prepare playing cards and board games for those who may not be able to take part in active games.Family picnic games：family picnics are for all the family members to get together and share some priceless moments with each other.When on a family picnics，spend quality time with your family members，chat with them and talk about what you have not spoken about due to your busy lives.Playing together helps you refresh yourself and your relationship with your near_ones．Company Picnic Games：Company picnics are team-building events，organized with the purpose of nurturing(培养)team spirit in the company and developing in them a sense of belongings towards the organization.You can org anize outdoor sports，team games and enjoyable activities for the team members.Make sure that the company picnic turns out to be a refreshing break from work for the team.【语篇解读】有趣的游戏和活动会使得野餐很有意思，这里作者列举了几个例子。