2019高考英语(译林)必考重点： 第2部分 专题二 名词和冠词

专题二冠词一冠词的基本用法（一）不定冠词基本用法1不定冠词有a,an两种形式，a university, a useful animal, an hour, an ugly man2 表示one, the same, a certain, every的意思。

如：They are of an ageI will return in a dayHi, john. A Mr smith is waiting for you3 What an interesting book i have read! = how interesting a book i have read(二）定冠词的基本用法1 用在表示特指的人或物名词前，尤其指上文提到过的或谈话双方都明确的人或物，也可指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物。

如：The book on the desk is mine.Would you mind turning down the radio a little?2用在表示世界上独一无二的事物，但是当这些名词前有描述性定语时，可用不定冠词。

如：The sun; the universe; the world; a blue sky;3 用在形容词和副词最高级及序数词前。

如：He was the first to speak against slaveryHe is the tallest one in our class（三）零冠词的基本用法1 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。

如：Father went to his doctor for advice.Horses are useful animals.2名词前已有this that my your some each no any Tom’s等代词等限定词时不用冠词。

如：She is not my type of womanHe went to some place in France3 牢记以下用零冠词的口诀：月、季、星期、节假、洲、称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。

译林版高中英语语法知识点
1.时态：了解和掌握基本时态，如现在时、过去时和将来时，以及它们的用
法。

2.语态：了解主动和被动语态的区别及用法。

3.非谓语动词：了解和掌握动词不定式、动名词和分词的基本用法。

4.名词性从句：能够使用和识别主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句。

5.定语从句：能够理解和使用定语从句，使其为句子增色。

6.状语从句：掌握常见状语从句，如时间、条件、原因等，并能在写作中运
用。

7.虚拟语气：在特定语境下使用虚拟语气，如假设、愿望等。

8.倒装句：了解和掌握句子结构的倒装用法，使句子更有表现力。

译林版初中英语冠词用法及常见考点分析冠词，就是放在名词之前，修饰名词的词，为虚词。

1．冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种a，an为不定冠词，用于单数可数名词前，表示泛指，说明其名称和种类，具有“一个（本、块-----）”的意思。

the为定冠词，用于各类名词前，表示特指，具有“这”、“那”的意思。

2．使用冠词的注意事项①a用于以辅音音素(包括[w] [j] )开始的词前。

a student a book a useful book注意：字母u读作[ju:]时，由于第一音是[ j ]是辅音，所以前面用a，而不用an。

②an用于元音音素开始的词前。

an old manan houran eight-year-old boyan one-meter-long ruler【说明】几个干扰均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案填C。

第一空填a，因为one-act 的读音是以辅音开头，即第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为11的英文是eleven，它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。

类似以下各题的答案是C 不是其他：(1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the countrywith ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.A. a, aB. an, anC. a, anD. an, a(2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-poundcheck for just one minute.A. a, anB. an, aC. a, aD. an, an③the既可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。

其用法如下：1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。

第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律课提示：对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。

短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。

解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。

【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3．(2016·四川卷)Any smell might attract natural enemies_ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.5．(2018·桂林市联考)To them，life is a _competition (compete)—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.6．(2018·济南期末检测)Julie is one of the women(woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions.7．(2018·漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.8．(2018·昆明第一中学适应性训练)Engelbart, the inventor of the computer mouse, developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer, obtaining a patent for it long before the mouse's(mouse) widespread use.[规律总结]1．提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（2）：冠词含解析【考点解读】高考对冠词的考查每年至少有一道题，单项选择一般设两空，以增加覆盖面和难度。

考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。

高考冠词主要考查其基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。

考点一、考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法。

(1) 用在可数名词前表示“一个”，含义上相当于“one”。

如：The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.(2) 与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或事物；亦可泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。

如：It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.(3) 用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一次，一类”等意义。

如：He had a strong dislike for cold weather.(4) 用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。

如：He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.(5) 用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位，某个”或“……式的人”。

如：Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.(6) 用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前，表示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。

如：The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July.考点二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法。

高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题二冠词一、不定冠词微专题易错点1.不定冠词 a/an 表示人或事物的某一类（泛指）①用于辅音音素发音开头的词前, 如：a book;a②用于元音音素发音开头的词前，如 an ant , an interesting storyan注意:以元音字母开头，发音却以辅音音素开头的单词，如: a European, a university, a usual job, 以辅音字母开头，发音却以元音音素开头的单词，如: an hour，an honest boy, an unusual job 注意字母发音，a “u” ；an “a/e/i/o/f/h/l/m/n/r/s/x”2.相当于one Give me a glass of water. 给我一杯水。

3.相当于 any, every, per A square has four sides. 正方形有4条边。

4. a/an+物质名词/专有名词/抽象名词:"a/an+物质名词”表示“一阵一场,一杯”等a heavy rain 一场大雨 ; a coffee 译本：一杯咖啡"a/an+专有名词”表示"某一个不认识的人”a Mr. WangA Mr.Smith has called to see you. 有位史密斯先生打电话要见你。

"a/an+抽象名词”表示"一个具体的人或物”a success 一个成功的人/一件成功的事;a failure一个失败的人/一件失败的事5.表示一种，一场或某次动作的一次，一番 It was a just war. 那是一场正义之战。

6.表示引起某种情绪的事 It's a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴与你交谈。

7.表示性质特征等“相同” They are of a height.他们一样高。

8.a/an+序数词/形容词最高级+单数可数名词:"a/an+序数词” 表示“又一，再一” give me a second chance"a/an+形容词最高级+单数可数名词”表示"非常的.." a most interesting book9.含有不定冠词的固定搭配as a result/consequence结果 keep an eye on照看take a rest/break休息一下 in a word简言之in a hurry匆忙地 in a way/sense在某种意义上make a living谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上pay a visit to 参观；拜访 go on a diet节食at a loss不知所措 give sb. a hand / do sb. a favor 帮助某人have a cold感冒 all of a sudden 突然have a fever/temperature 发烧 give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车have a gift for... 在……方面有天赋 have a word with 与……谈话a waste of... 浪费…… once in a while 偶尔二、定冠词the微专题易错点1.特指某人某事①这些人或事往往是第二次提到的John bought a TV set and a radio, but he returned the radio the next day.约翰买了一台电视和一个收音机，但次日他就把收音机退了回去。

专题三代词和介词一、代词[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第206页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016年北京高考)We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world.2．(2017年江西九江一模)We valued every chance we could to keep us(we) both on the right track.Ⅱ.单句改错(2016年四川高考)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.her→his【导学号：31670160】[再解读要点]1．人称代词人称代词有主格(I，we，they，he，she，it)和宾格(me，us，them，him，her，it)等之分。

主格在句中作主语；宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。

To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。

2．物主代词形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their)相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。

名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers ，its，ours，yours，theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。

(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。

3．反身代词(1)反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，themselves，himself，herself，itself)在句中可用作宾语或表语、同位语。

考点 1 冠词冠词是历年高考的必考点，对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，高考中常见的考点如下：①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法③固定搭配④ a 和an的区别（2017新增）预计2019年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。

考向1 不定冠词1. 与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别，泛指一类人或事物。

☞—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.2. 用来表示不确定的某一个, 相当于 a certain。

☞—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示＂每一（单位）的……＂。

☞I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.4. 在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词，使之意义具体化，表示＂一种＂、＂一件＂、＂一份＂等。

☞It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。

(honour是抽象名词，anhonour指一件荣誉的事)5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。

☞She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。

1. （2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matterhow many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】the改为a【解析】考查冠词。

Unit 2Wish you were here(对应学生用书第30页)Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写1．supply n．&v t.提供，供给，补给2．schedule n．&v t.计划3．view v t.观看；看待n.景色；观点4．spot n.地点，场所5．bury v t.埋葬；埋藏6．desert n.沙漠v t.抛弃；舍弃7．explore v t.&v i.探索；勘探8．wander v i.&v t.漫游；漂泊；徘徊Ⅱ.拓展单词——能辨别1．reflect v t.反射，反映→reflection n.反映，反射2．defend v. 防御；保卫→defence n.防御；保护3．scare v t.使恐惧，惊吓→scaring/scary adj. 使人惊恐的，吓人的，可怕的→scared adj. 惊慌的，吓坏的4．advance n.前进；预先v i.前进；进步→advanced adj. 先进的，高级的5．announce v t.宣布，宣称→announcement n.通告，宣布，声明6．surround v t.包围→surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的7．arrange v t.&v i.安排→arranger n.乐曲改编者；安排者→arrangement n.安排，布置8．ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的→extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的9．comfort n.舒服→comfortable adj. 舒服的→uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的，不自在的10．protect v t.&v i.保护→protection n.保护11．officer n.官员→official adj. 官方的；正式的→officially ad v. 官方地；正式地12．beauty n.美；美好的人或物→beautiful adj. 美好的；美丽的→beautify v t.美化13．adventure n.冒险；冒险经历→adventurer n.冒险家→adventurous adj.冒险的，刺激不断的Ⅲ.阅读单词——要识记1．helmet n．头盔2．atmosphere n.空气；大气层3．afterwards ad v. 后来，然后4．flight n.航班；空中航行5．publish v t.出版；发表6．harmony n.和谐，协调，融洽7．brilliant adj.明亮的；鲜艳的8．destination n.目的地●语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．It's that the meeting will be held on July 5th，so we must make anfor everything before July 4th.(arrange)2．He was something of an ，living most of his life abroad and experiencing many things.(adventure)3．It was a story and we were really when we heard it.(scare) 4．Only if you get permission can the new clinic be opened.(official)5．I carried the small lantern and walked around the river.The light was in the river.The looked so beautiful.(reflect)【答案】 1.arranged；arrangement 2.adventurer；adventurous 3.scary；scared 4.official；officially 5.reflected；reflection高频短语——会默写1．in the dark在黑暗中2．in case 万一；以防万一3．be tired of 对……厌烦4．in advance 提前，预先5．up close 靠近地6．make sure 确保，确定7．in total 总计，总共8．in silence 沉默地9．tower over 远高于(周围的人或物)10．at a loss 不知所措11．be home to 是……的家园12．in harmony with 与……协调一致/和睦相处●语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．You should study the details of the policy before you sign it. 2．Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day. 3．The height of the land a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 4．It only took Catherine three days before she found herself to be her new co-workers.5．The driver was when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.6．I all her negative remarks.7．The Himalayas the land in the west of China.【导学号：31670026】【答案】 1.in advance 2.in case 3.is home to 4．in harmony with 5.at a loss 6.was tired of 7．tower over[联想拓展]1．“相似词”展厅①dessert甜点→desert舍弃②adapt适合→adopt收养③wander漫步→wonder想知道④fellow家伙→follow跟随2．“说”法不同①swear发誓②claim声称，要求③murmur低语，小声说④whisper小声说，耳语⑤declare宣布，声明⑥inform通知，告诉⑦announce宣布，宣称3．走进“旅游(行)”圈①tourism旅游业②tourist游客③journey长途旅行④travel旅行⑤trip短途旅行⑥tour观光旅行⑦voyage(乘船)航行，航海4．“in”短语“忙于/专心于”小结①be busy in...②be lost in...③be buried in...④be absorbed in...⑤be engaged in...⑥be occupied in...5．“in＋n.＋with”短语聚焦①in conflict with与……冲突②in company with与……一起③in common with与……有共同之处④in connection with与……有联系⑤in cooperation with与……合作⑥in harmony with与……和睦相处/协调一致about to tell the secret when(对应学生用书第32页) 精讲7个考纲单词arrange vt.& vi.安排 vt.筹备；整理[教材原句] I've been quite busy arranging my holiday withmy older brother ，Colin.我一直忙着和哥哥科林安排我的假期。

译林版高考初中英语冠词句型完整归纳一、选择题1．Look, there is “u” and“s” in the word university .A．an ; an B．a; an C．a; a D．/ ; a2．Lang Lang is ________ great pianist. He started to play the piano when still ________ pupil. A．a; the B．the; a C．a; a D．the; the3．In _____ eyes of some children, playing on the Internet can only bring them______ fun. A．the; a B．/; a C．the; / D．/; /4．---Excuse me, is there ________ book by Mo Yan?---Yes. It’s on _________ bookshelf over there.A．a; / B．a; the C．/; the D．the; a5．—Do you think it’s ______ good fruit juice advertisement?—Of course. I can’t wait to try ______ bottle of it.A．/; a B．a; a C．a; the D．/; the6．─ How far is it from this hotel to station?─ It is eleven-kilometer walk from here.A．the; an B．the; a C．a; an D．a; the7．Tiger Watch, _______ 80-minute documentary, won_______ award for its amazing photography.A．an; an B．an, aC．a, an D．the; a8．--- Jim took one-hour ride just now.--- He spent such a short time finishing such a long way!A．a B．an C．the D．/9．—What ________ big surprise! Peter has passed ________ final exam with all his efforts. —Congratulations!A．a; a B．a;the C．/; a D．/ ;the 10．There is ______ “l” in the word “apple”.A．a B．an C．the D．/11．Life has ________ value only when ________ has something valuable as its purpose. A．an; / B．the; it C．/; one D．a; it12．---Yesterday I watched ______ one-hour documentary about _____ African elephant.---How did you feel after watching it?A．a, a B．a, an C．an, an D．an, a13．It’s ____ unusual chance for Mr White to get such ______ useful advice.A．an; / B．a; anC．a; the D．an; an14．Simon likes playing ______ chess, while her brother is interested in playing _____ guitar. A．/, the B．the, / C．/, / D．the; the 15．Little Tommy wants to be ________ English teacher when he grows up.A．a B．an C．the D．/16．As ________ saying goes, “A hero is known in the time of misfortune（不幸）”. Zhong Nanshan is ________ hero like this.A．a; the B．the; a C．a; a D．the; the 17．Caoxian county—________ tiny little-k nown inland county in ______ East China’s Shandong Province, became famous overnight.A．a; the B．a; / C．the; at D．the; /18．The novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame（《巴黎圣母院》）tells us that ________ ugly person may have a beautiful mind.A．/ B．the C．a D．an19．The UK, ________ island country with ________ long history, is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.A．a;a B．a;/ C．an; a D．an;/20．— Our dream is to build a university on the moon in the future.— It sounds like unusual dream. I wish you could realize it.A．a B．an C．the D．/ 21．—President Xi gave ________exciting speech on TV on the evening of Dec.31,2019.— Yes. What______ great progress we Chinese made last year!A．an; a B．/; a C．an; / D．/; /22．He who has never been to the Great Wall is not ________ true man.A．an B．a C．the D．/23．—Who’s ________ girl in red over there?—Kate, ________ excellent student in our class.A．the; a B．the; an C．/; an D．/; a24．—My dream is to build ________ university on the moon someday.—It sounds like ________ unusual dream. I wish you could realize it.A．a; an B．an; a C．a; a D．an; an 25．—What________exciting news report Tom wrote! I think I should read it to all of you.—Really? What________good advice it is!A．\; a B．an; a C．an; \ D．\; \26．— The fact is that there is increase in population.— Yes. Our country has _____ population of 1.3 billion.A．an, a B．the, a C．an, the D．the, the27．Life is one-way road. No matter how you change, it will not go back.A．the B．a C．an D．\28．---Do you know the TV programme called 24 Hours?---Oh, it is one-hour news round-up on CCTV.A．a B．an C．the D．/ 29．——Pass me _____________ magazine on the shelf,please,Jim.——But it’s not ____________ new magazine，Dad. You have already read it，haven’t yo u？A．the ；a B．the ；the C．a；a D．a； the 30．Christopher Columbus, ______ explorer, came from ______European country.A．an/an B．an/a C．the/ a D．the/an 31．Thailand is ________ Asian country and it is a good place to visit.A．a B．an C．the D．/32．- Would you like to go to___ concert tonight? - Of course. What kind of___ concert is it? A．the; a B．a; a C．a; ／D．the; the33．Life is full of _____ chances, but they're not always _____ ones we hope for.A．/; the B．the; the C．/; / D．the; /34．－ Have you ever seen ______ Chinese movie Wolf Warriors 2 ?－Sure . It’s such an exciting film that I want to see __________second time.A．the; a B．an; / C．a; a D．the; the 35．John’s uncle is ______ IT engineer, and he usually develops a new type of software every________ few months.A．the; a B．an; a C．a; / D．an; /36．Do you think that little boy should know the road safety?A．so B．such C．so a D．such a37．–Sorry, I broke your glass by _________ accident.–Never mind. I can buy _________ in the nearby supermarket.A．an; it B．/; it C．/; one D．an; one38．－Which of the twin sisters is easier to get on with?－________ younger one. She is ________ humorous girl.A．The; the B．The; a C．A; a D．A; the 39．—Mary, have you seen ________ film Hi, Mom recently?—Yes, of course. I can’t think of ________ more touching one than that.A．an, a B．the, an C．the, a D．a, the 40．—Look, the young woman who is playing _______ guitar is _______ university teacher.—Her performance is quite pleasant.A．the ; an B．/; an C．the; a D．/ ; a【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】试题分析：句意：看，在单词‘university’中有一个字母u和字母s。

Ⅰ.核心必记单词1.arrange v t.& v i.安排→arrangement n.排列，布置；安排；约定，协议2.protection n.保护→protect v t.保护→protective adj.保护的，防护的3.advance n.前进；预先；v i.前进；进步→advanced adj.先进的；高级的4.supply n.& v t.提供，供给，补给5.defence n.防御；保护→defend v t.保卫；保护→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的6.scare v t.使恐惧，惊吓→scared adj.感到恐惧的→scary adj.恐怖的7.tiring adj.让人疲劳的，累人的→tired adj.疲劳的，困倦的8.schedule n.& v t.计划9.view v t.观看；看待；n.景色；观点10.bury v t.埋葬；埋藏11.spot n.地点，场所；污点；v.发现；认出12.announce v t.宣布，宣称→announcement n.宣布；宣告；通告13.reflect v t.反射(声、光、热等)；反映→reflection n.反射；反映14.wander v i.& v t.漫游，游荡；徘徊；漂泊15.surrounding adj.周围的，附近的→surroundings n.环境→surround v t.包围；围绕，环绕16.harmony n.和谐，协调，融洽→harmonious adj.和谐的；协调的Ⅱ.阅读识记单词17.adventure n.冒险；冒险经历18.extraordinary adj.不同寻常的19.desert n.沙漠；v t.抛弃，舍弃20.shade n.阴凉处；背阴；树荫21.brilliant adj.明亮的；鲜艳的22.altogether ad v.总共23.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的24.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；大概的25.atmosphere n.空气；大气层26.tourism n.旅游业→tourist n.游客→tour n.& v i.& v t.旅游，旅行27.explore v t.& v i.探索；勘探→exploration n.勘探；探测→explorer n.探险家；勘探者28.destination n.目的地29.beauty n.美；美好的人或物30.highway n.(尤指城镇间的)公路，干道，交通要道31.steep adj.陡峭的；急剧的32.officially ad v.官方地，正式地→official adj.正式的，官方的；n.官员33.publish v t.出版；发表34.endless adj.无限的，无休止的d adj.平和的，温和的；温暖的语境活用[用所给词的正确形式填空]1.Wealth made him live a comfortable(comfort) life.2.Scientists find from their studies that plants can protect(protection) themselves against insects.3.If you’re tired(tire) out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.4.This kind of friendly and harmonious(harmony) atmosphere is unique to our company，and you can’t experience it in any other place.5.The villagers decided to search the surrounding(surround) villages for the lost child.6.I’ll make arrangements(arrange) for you to be met at the airport.7.Female genes help the body defend(defensive) itself against some kinds of infections.8.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection(reflect).9.It was a fun thing but I was scared(scare) from the start.10.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.1.be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事2.in case万一3.in advance提前，预先4.up close靠近地5.set off出发；引起；使爆炸6.be tired of对……感到厌倦7.tower over超过；高于(周围的人或物)8.at a loss不知所措，困惑。

专题二名词和冠词一、名词[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第200页)[Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016年四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.2．(2017年淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.Ⅱ.单句改错Though we are now out of danger，the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a【导学号：31670158】[再解读要点]名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。

普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有单复数之分。

1．可数名词复数的变化规则(1) 名词复数的规则变化①一般情况下在词尾直接加-s。

如：books，horses，beds，pages②以-s，­x，­sh，­ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es，如：glasses，boxes，brushes，watches(例外：stomach→stomachs)③以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i再加­es；以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加-s，如：cities，countries，factories，boys，toys，holidays④以o结尾的名词，常在词尾加-s，如：radios，photos，pianos，zoos(例外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes)⑤以-f或-fe结尾的名词，常把f或fe变成v，再加-es，如：half→halves，knife→knives，leaf→leaves；少数词尾加-s，如：roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs(2) 名词复数的不规则变化①单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means(方式，方法)，series，species②词形变化：man→men，woman→women，child→children，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice，ox→oxen③合成名词的复数：passer-by→passers-by，looker­on→lookers­on，grown­up→grown­ups，stand­by→stand­bys④名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。

专题二名词和冠词考点一名词一、名词单复数1．只有复数形式的可数名词一些表示食物的名词或成双成对的物品名称的名词通常只有复数形式，如：noodles，jeans，earphones，trousers，pants，glasses，sunglasses，scissors，compasses等。

这些名词可单独作主语，此时谓语动词用复数形式；也可用a pair of或pairs of修饰作主语，此时谓语动词取决于pair的形式。

He bought a pair of shoes which was worth 100 dollars.他买了值100美元的一双鞋。

2．有些名词形式上虽然是单数，但常表示复数含义。

如：people，police，cattle，staff，public等。

3．对于集合名词，当它表示一个整体时，视作单数；当它侧重各个成员时，视作复数。

如：Our class is the best one in our school.我们班是我们学校最好的一个。

Our class are playing basketball with Class Two on the playground.我们班和二班正在操场上打篮球。

4．有些名词单、复数同形。

如：people，fish，deer，sheep，youth，Chinese，Japanese，means，species，series，works等。

The means doesn't/don't work for this kind of problems.这种手段对这类问题不起作用。

5．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如：congratulations(祝贺)，regards(问候)，respects(敬意)，thanks(谢谢)，wishes(愿望)等。

二、可数名词与不可数名词1．表示一类事物总称的名词，常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”。

Unit 2Wish you were here1.★考点:arrange vt. &vi. 安排;整理;排列arrange sth.安排某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事2.1)by表示乘坐交通工具时,后接名词的单数形式,且不加冠词。

by car 乘轿车by plane 乘飞机by air 乘飞机by bus 乘公共汽车2)用“介词in/on+交通工具”表示“乘坐……”,交通工具前要加冠词或者形容词性物主代词。

in a car 乘汽车on a bike 骑自行车in his car 坐他的车3)take/ride + the/a+交通工具,表示“乘坐……”,在句中做谓语。

take a car乘小汽车3.★考点:in case 万一in case万一(后接句子)in case of万一(后接名词)in no case 决不in any case 无论如何,不管怎样in that case 如果那样,倘若那样的话4.★考点:supply n.& vt. 提供,供给,补给supply sb.with sth.给某人提供某物supply sth.to/for sb.提供某物给某人in short supply 供应不足5.★考点:defence n.防御,保护in defence of保卫;为……辩护defend...against/from...保护……免受……6.★考点:scare vt. 使恐惧,惊吓scare sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事scare off/away把……吓跑scare sb.to death使某人大受惊吓,吓得要死7.★考点:tiring adj. 让人疲劳的,累人的tired adj. 疲惫的;厌烦的be tired of 厌烦了……,对……厌倦be tired with/from 因……而疲惫tired out 筋疲力尽8.★考点:schedule n.& vt. 计划be scheduled to do sth.计划做某事ahead of/on/behind schedule先于/按照/迟于预定计划be scheduled... 定于……9.★考点:view vt. 观看;看待n.景色;观点have a good view of... 很好地观看……的景色in view of 鉴于;考虑到in one’s view 在某人看来view...as... 把……看作……10.★考点:bury vt. 埋葬;埋藏bury...in...把……埋到……里bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于;专心于11.★考点:surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的be surrounded by/with 被……环绕/包围surroundings n. 周围的事物,环境12.★考点:harmony n.和谐,协调,融洽in harmony with与……和谐相处harmonious adj. 和谐的。