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初中英语状语从句专项训练及答案一、初中英语状语从句1． Did you call Sara back ?- I didn ' t need to , we ' ll have a meeting together tonight.A．though . B．unless C．because D．if【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——你给萨拉回电话了吗？——我不需要给萨拉回电话，因为我们今晚一起有个会议。
考查连词辨析。
though 虽然，尽管；unless 除非；because 因为；if 是否，如果。
根据句意可知前后句是因果关系，故选C。
2．-- Can' t I park my car free here?-- You can, for four hours, you spend over 100 yuan in this supermarket. A．though B．if C．unless【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：-我不能把车免费停在这里吗？- 如果你在这家超市花费超过100 元，你可以免费停车四个小时。
though 虽然；if 如果；unless 除非。
这里是形容一种条件，如果消费超过100 元，就能免费停车，故选B。
3．_____ there is danger on the internet, online insurance is still popular among the young.A．Unless B．Though C．Since D．Until【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：虽然网上存在危险，但网上保险在年轻人中仍然很流行。
考查连词辨析。
A. Unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句；B. Though 尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句；C. Since 自⋯.以来，既然，由于，引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句； D. Until：到⋯为止，在⋯以前，直到，引导时间状语从句。
（英语）中考英语状语从句专项练习一、初中英语状语从句1．—Do you often watch the show If You Are The One?—Yes. It is _____ a successful programme that it catches _____ many audiences’ attention. A．such； such B．such； soC．so； such D．so； so【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：你经常看《非诚勿扰》这个节目吗？——是的，这是一个非常成功的节目，吸引了众多观众的注意。
such…that作“如此……以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。
与so…that意思相同，但用法不同。
如：so…that这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）；如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。
结合句意，故答案为B。
考点：考查such/so的区别。
2．—I’m afraid the class has begun.—Don’t worry. It ________ until the bell ________. A．doesn’t begin; rings B．won’t begin; will ringC．won’t begin; rings D．doesn’t begin; will ring【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：-恐怕课已经开始了。
一不要担心。
直到铃声响了才会开始。
前面是主句，会议还没开始，所以用一般将来时；后面是until引导的时间状语从句，所以要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
所以选C。
考点：考查动词时态。
3．You'd better get home earlier today we can go out for a big meal.A．in order to B．such that C．so that D．in order【答案】C【解析】句意：你最好今天早点回家，这样我们就可以出去吃大餐了。
初中英语状语从句专项训练20题1. I was reading a book when my mother came back. （选择：when 在句中的作用是）A. 引导原因状语从句B. 引导时间状语从句C. 引导条件状语从句答案：B 解析：when 在此句中引导时间状语从句，表示“当......的时候” 。
2. While I was doing my homework, my father was watching TV. （判断：这是一个时间状语从句吗）A. 是B. 否答案：A 解析：while 引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时进行。
3. As soon as I arrive home, I will call you. （翻译：As soon as ）A. 一......就......B. 当......的时候C. 因为答案：A 解析：As soon as 是“一......就......”的意思。
4. I have been here since 2018. （选择：since 在句中的词性是）A. 连词B. 介词C. 副词答案：A 解析：since 在句中引导时间状语从句，是连词。
5. He didn't go to bed until his father came back. （选择：until 在句中的意思是）A. 直到......才......B. 如果......就......C. 因为答案：A 解析：until 在此句中表示“直到......才......” 。
6. If it _______ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go for a picnic. 答案：rains 解析：if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，it 是第三人称单数，rain 要用第三人称单数形式rains 。
7. You will fail the exam _______ you study hard. 答案：unless 解析：unless 表示“除非，如果不”，这句话意思是“你考试会不及格，除非你努力学习”。
（英语）初中英语状语从句专项训练100(附答案)含解析一、初中英语状语从句1．They will lose the game _______ they try their best.A．unless B．once C．since D．after【答案】A【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意:他们会输掉比赛的，除非他们尽自己最大的努力。
lose the game 输掉比尽最大的努力。
A. unless 除非； B. once 一次；C. since 因为； D. after赛，try one’s best在…之后，根据题意可知此句是unless引导的条件状语从句，故选A。
2．The Italian woman didn’t feel a culture shock____it was her first time to Shanghai. A．though B．since C．if D．when【答案】A【解析】句意：这个意大利妇女没有感到一种文化冲击，尽管她是第一次来上海。
A. though尽管；B. since自从；C. if 是否，如果；D. when当---时候；根据The Italian woman didn’t feel a culture shock这个意大利妇女没有感到一种文化冲击，和it was her first time to Shanghai.她是第一次来上海之间用though 引导让步关系状语从句；故选A3．—I’m afraid the class has begun.—Don’t worry. It ________ until the bell ________. A．doesn’t begin; ring s B．won’t begin;will ringC．won’t begin; rings D．doesn’t begin; will ring【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：-恐怕课已经开始了。
初中英语状语从句专题训练答案含解析一、初中英语状语从句1．My grandfather does Chinese Kung Fu every day _________ he is over eighty.A．since B．though C．until【答案】B【解析】句意：我爷爷每天练中国功夫，尽管他80多了。
A. since 自从，因为； B. though 尽管； C. until直到；根据My grandfather does Chinese Kung Fu every day和he is over eighty.之间让步关系,尽管；故选B2．Lucy knew nothing about it _____ her sister told her.A．because B．until C．if D．since【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：露西直到她姐姐告诉她才知道这件事。
Because因为；until直到；if如果；since自从。
Not···until直到···才，是一个固定句型。
所以选B。
考点：考查连词。
3．— When did you go to bed last night?— ____________ I finished my homework.A．Until B．Not until C．When D．While【答案】B【解析】not …until 表示直到…才，与短暂性动词连用，故选B4．Many people do not realize the importance of health ______ they have fallen ill.A．until B．while C．when D．after【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：一些人直到失去了健康才意识到它的重要性。
本题考查的是not…until 句型，“直到……才”。
初中英语状语从句练习状语从句是英语中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句。
它们可以提供时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等信息。
下面是一些练习题，帮助你更好地理解和使用状语从句。
一、时间状语从句1. When you finish your homework, you can go out to play. - 完成作业后，你可以出去玩。
2. As soon as he arrived, he started working.- 他一到达就开始工作。
二、地点状语从句1. Wherever you go, make sure to call your parents.- 不管你去哪里，都要确保给你的父母打电话。
2. I will sit where I can see the stage clearly.- 我会坐在能够清楚看到舞台的地方。
三、原因状语从句1. Because it was raining, the match was postponed.- 因为下雨，比赛被推迟了。
2. Since you are not feeling well, you should rest.- 既然你感觉不舒服，你应该休息。
四、条件状语从句1. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.- 如果你努力学习，你会通过考试。
2. Unless you apologize, I won't forgive you.- 除非你道歉，否则我不会原谅你。
五、让步状语从句1. Although he is old, he is still very active.- 尽管他年纪大了，但他仍然非常活跃。
2. Even though she was tired, she continued working.- 即使她很累，她还是继续工作。
六、结果状语从句1. He ran so fast that he caught the bus.- 他跑得如此快，以至于赶上了公交车。
（英语）初中英语状语从句专项训练100(附答案)一、初中英语状语从句1．--Remember to keep the dog on a leash （狗链）________ you walk it, honey!--Sure. I won’t let it hurt others.A．until B．after C．while D．since【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意“-宝贝，当你遛狗时记得给狗拴上链子。
-好的，我不会让他伤害其他人”。
A.直到……才······（引导时间状语从句）；B. 在……之后（引导时间状语从句）；C.当……时候（引导时间状语从句）；D.自从（引导时间状语从句）。
根据句意可知，译为“当遛狗时”，故选C。
2．---Mom, shall we have supper now?---Oh, we won’t have supper_______ your dad comes back.A．until B．since C．while D．after【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：-妈妈，我们现在吃晚饭好吗？ -哦，直到你爸爸回来我们才可以吃晚饭。
until直到；since自从；while当……的时候；after在……之后。
Not…until直到……才，是一个固定句型，所以选A。
考点：考查连词。
3．—How do you like your new school, Kate?—It is very clean and beautiful ____it is a bit small.A．if B．since C．unless D．although【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：--凯特，你觉得你的新学校怎么样？--尽管它有点小，但是它非常的干净，美丽。
if,如果，表示条件关系；since,自从……，表示时间关系；unless,如果不，引导条件状语从句；although，尽管，虽然，表示让步关系，结合句意，关系D。
【初中英语】状语从句专项练习含答案解析一、初中英语状语从句1．—Winter swimming is exciting, but one can’t do it ________ he or she has got some training. — Exactly! It can be dangerous.A．after B．unless C．if D．while【答案】B【解析】句意：——冬泳是令人兴奋的，但除非他或她接受了一些训练，否则是不行的。
——没错！这可能是危险的。
A. after在……之后；B. unless 除非；C. if 如果；D. while当……的时候。
根据语境和句意可知用unless。
故选B。
2．（题文）I’m sure that you will succeed in the end ___________ you give up halfway. A．until B．till C．unless D．although【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你不半途放弃，我肯定你最终会成功的。
A. until直到，表示时间；B. till 直到，表示时间；C. unless如果不，除非，表示条件；D. although虽然，尽管。
表示让步。
如果不放弃，就会成功。
故选C。
考点：考查连词用法辨析。
3．Betty you the answer as soon as she works it out later.A．tells B．told C．will tell D．is telling【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：贝蒂之后一算出来，她就会告诉你答案。
考查时态。
tells告诉，一般现在时；told一般过去时；will tell一般将来时；is telling现在进行时。
as soon as表示“一……就……”。
由as soon as引导的从句需要用一般现在时态代替将来时态，可知主句时态是一般将来时。
完整版)初中英语状语从句专项练习状语从句练一、基础练1.We were watching TV when we caught sight of a friend of ours.2.The price of diamond rings has risen sharply。
while the price of gold rings has gone down.3.This sentence means "I haven't seen you for a long time."4.I'll call you as soon as I get there.5.Before he finished his work。
he left hurriedly.6.You'll surely make progress if you work with a strong will.7.Whatever people say。
I am sure that he is honest.8.It won't be long before you regret what you've done.9.I'll leave him a note so that he'll know where we are.12.When reading the book。
it's better to make a mark if you have any ns.13.The teacher raised his voice so that all the students could hear him.14.He took off his coat because he felt hot.15.It is such a lovely day that we'd like to go out for a walk.16.Mary had so much work that she stayed at her office all day.17.Although I XXX。
（英语）初中英语状语从句专项训练100(附答案)含解析一、初中英语状语从句1．--Has the meeting begun yet？--Not yet． We have to wait everyone is here．A．and B．until C．or D．but【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连词用法。
句意：—会议已经开始了吗？—不，还没有。
我们必须等到大家都到齐了。
and和；until直到；or或者、否则，but但是。
根据题干可知我们得等到大家都到了，这里表示直到……时候用until．故选B．2．---Mom, shall we have supper now?---Oh, we won’t have supper_______ your dad comes back.A．until B．since C．while D．after【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：-妈妈，我们现在吃晚饭好吗？ -哦，直到你爸爸回来我们才可以吃晚饭。
until直到；since自从；while当……的时候；after在……之后。
Not…until直到……才，是一个固定句型，所以选A。
考点：考查连词。
3．---Would you like to go bike riding with us tomorrow? ---Sure, ____ I am busy.A．since B．unless C．when D．until【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：----你想要明天和我们一起去划船吗？好的，如果我不忙我就去。
A自从；B如果不；C当……时候；D直到……才。
根据句意，应选B。
考点：考查连词。
4．________ there is danger on the internet, online insurance is still popular among the young. A．Unless B．Though C．Since D．Until【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：虽然网上存在危险，但网上保险在年轻人中仍然很流行。
【英语】初中英语状语从句专项训练及答案含解析一、初中英语状语从句1．The environment will be much worse ___________ everyone has a sense of protecting it. A．unless B．if C．so that【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：除非每个人都有保护环境的意识，否则环境会更糟。
考查连词辨析。
unless除非，表条件，相当于if not；if如果，表条件；so that以便于，表目的。
本句是条件状语从句，根据句意语境，可知if不合句意，故选A。
2．—How do you like your new school, Kate?—It is very clean and beautiful ____it is a bit small.A．if B．since C．unless D．although【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：--凯特，你觉得你的新学校怎么样？--尽管它有点小，但是它非常的干净，美丽。
if,如果，表示条件关系；since,自从……，表示时间关系；unless,如果不，引导条件状语从句；although，尽管，虽然，表示让步关系，结合句意，关系D。
考点：考查连词的用法。
3．一When did you leave your office yesterday?一 I finished the project.A．Until B．While C．When D．Not until【答案】D【解析】句意：昨天你什么时候离开你的办公室的？——直到我完成那个任务。
本题考查连词。
A. Until 直到···时候才结束，要与延续性动词连用；B. While 当···时候；C. When 当···时候；D. Not until直到···时候才开始，与非延续性动词连用；句子中finished（完成）是非延续性动词，故选D4．________ there is danger on the internet, online insurance is still popular among the young. A．Unless B．Though C．Since D．Until【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：虽然网上存在危险，但网上保险在年轻人中仍然很流行。
【英语】初中英语状语从句专项训练100(附答案)含解析一、初中英语状语从句1．-Shall we go for a picnic in the forest park tomorrow? -Yes, it rains heavily.A．if' B．unless C．until D．When【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：---明天我们在森林公园进行野餐怎么样？---是的，如果雨下的不大。
A. if' 如果；B. unless 除非；C. Until直到；D. When当……的时候。
结合句意可知是unless引导的条件状语从句，故选B考点：考查连词的用法。
2．You won't succeed _____ you work hardA．if B．because C．unless D．so that【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：你不会成功的，除非你努力工作。
if如果；because 因为，引导原因状语从句；unless如果不，除非；so that以至于，引导结果状语从句；为的是，引导目的状语从句。
根据句意可知，这里表示“如果不努力工作”，故应选C。
3．---Mom, shall we have supper now?---Oh, we won’t have supper_______ your dad comes back.A．until B．since C．while D．after【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：-妈妈，我们现在吃晚饭好吗？ -哦，直到你爸爸回来我们才可以吃晚饭。
until直到；since自从；while当……的时候；after在……之后。
Not…until直到……才，是一个固定句型，所以选A。
考点：考查连词。
4．--- Do you know what time Daniel Xuzhou tomorrow?---At 2:00 p. m. I will meet him when he at the airport.A．gets to; arrives B．will get to; will arriveC．will get to; arrives D．gets to; will arrive【答案】C【解析】句意：——你知道丹尼尔明天什么时候去徐州吗？——下午2:00点。
初中英语状语从句专项训练100(附答案)及解析一、初中英语状语从句1．It’s much easier for us to become friends________ we share similar interests.A．unless B．when C．even though D．so that【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：当我们分享相似的兴趣爱好时，对于我们来说成为朋友更加容易一些。
考查连词。
unless如果不，除非，引导条件状语从句；when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；even though尽管，引导让步状语从句；so that以便，因此，结果，引导目的或结果状语从句。
根据句意可知此句表示时间，故填when，选B。
2．---The two old friends were ____ busy ____ with each other that they forgot the time.---Yes. They hadn’t met for over ten years, so they kept talking the whole night.A．too; to talk B．too; talking C．so; to talk D．so; talking;【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意:这两个老朋友那么忙于交谈以至于忘了时间。
是。
他们十年多没见到了，所以他们聊了一晚上。
考查句式so…that…因此……以至于……;be busy doing忙于做……，故选D。
考点：考查so…that句式。
3．I won't go he comes back.A．until B．while C．when D．why【答案】A【解析】句意：直到他回来，我才走。
A. until 直到； B. while当---时候； C. when当---时候； D. why为什么；not---until--- 直到---才---；故选A4．（题文）I’m sure that you will succeed in the end ___________ you give up halfway. A．until B．till C．unless D．although【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你不半途放弃，我肯定你最终会成功的。
状语从句练习一、基础练习1. We are watching TV ___we caught sight of a friend of ours .A. as soon asB. whileC. whenD. once2. The price of diamond rings has risen sharply _______ the price of gold rings has gone down.A. whenB. asC. whileD. otherwise3. It is a long time since I last saw you . This sentence means _______A. I had seen you for a long timeB. I have seen you for a long timeC. I haven’t seen you for a long timeD. I saw you again before long4. _______ reason you may give , you ought not to have left homework unfinished.A. WhatB. No matterC. HoweverD. Whatever5. It seemed only several minutes _____he finished this painting .A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. until6. I’ll lend you my car _______ you return it intact.A. so far asB. as long asC. unlessD. until7. The secretary made a note of it _______ she should forget.A. in order thatB. in caseC. So thatD. ever when8. No matter _____says no to us , we will return to our motherland.A. whoeverB. whoC. whatD. whatever9. It was _______ that they planned to have a picnic.A. such fine weatherB. so fine a weatherC. such a fine weather asD. such a fine weather10. Smith has made _______ that we are all surprised .A. such much progressB. so fine a progressC. such a great progress asD. so much progress11. We are going to have a barbecue _______ it rains .A. if notB. whenC. except thatD. unless12. He wouldn’t give up smoking _______ his doctor told him it was a matter of life and death.A. exceptB. afterC. untilD. in case13. I sent the letter early that morning ___she got it that afternoon.A. in order thatB. so thatC. for purpose thatD. in order for14. ______ did it , I didn’t.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. No matter whomD. No matter when15. _______I know , the computer can never take the place of the human brain.A. As forB. As long asC. So far forD. So /As far as16. I paid only 5 pounds for the book , _______I expected it would cost.A. not as many asB. not so much asC. cheaper thanD. not so expensive17. _______ you have got used to it , you’ll like it .A. WhileB. On the conditionC. OnceD. Unless18. We’ll carry the work through , cost _______ it may .A. whatB. whenC. whereD. how19. Persist to the end , _______ you are the only one left.A. even if /though C. but V. however D. in spite of20. He always talks _______ he had been to outer space.A. likeB. as if /thoughC. because ofD. as21. You’d better come back earlier _______ it is getting colder.A. asB. andC. butD. or22. He was walking along the sands _______ he saw a big foot-print in the sand .A. whileB. when D. as D. after23. _______ he was sleeping , they stole his clothes.A. WhileB. WhenC. AsD. Which 24. Jack was very tired _______ he played tennis all afternoon .A. ifB. as soon asC. becauseD. before25. ______ he finished his work , he left hurriedly.A. As soon asB. As ifC. UnlessD. In order that26. You’ll surly make progress ___ you work with a strong will.A. unlessB. untilC. as long asD. as well as27. _______, I am sure that he is honest.A. No matter people sayB. What people sayC. Whatever people sayD. It doesn’t matter people say28. It won’t be long _______ you regret what you’ve done.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. then29. I’ll leave him a note _______ he’ll know where we are.A. so thatB. so asC. in orderD. for30. It is often said that an American starts a speech with a joke , _______ a Japanese has an apology to make.A. whichB. whatC. whileD. that31. Eat less food _______ you want to put on weight .A. ifB. unlessC. untilD. as soon as32. Guilin is the most beautiful place _______ people all over the world want to visit.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. that33. —Did you remember to give her the book she asked for?--_______I saw her , I remembered.A. WhileB. SuddenlyC. RightD. The moment34. I shall be surprised if he does this the same way ______ I do .A. asB. likeC. whichD. what35. Robert is good at languages , _______ we all know .A. becauseB. forC. asD. since36. It looks _______. It’s going to rain.A. thatB. asC. as ifD. that37. _______ he is , he will be thinking of you .A. WhereverB. WhereC. WhetherD. What38. _______ the film may be , I have no time to see it .A. Although excitingB. No matter excitingC. Even if excitedD. However exciting39. She was looking for her bicycle key _______ she thought she might have put it.A. whereverB. wheneverC. at whichD. no matter where40. One feels it hard to fit in with a new culture _______ he has been accustomed to his won culture.A. the momentB. whichC. now thatD. as41. It was _______ he was ill that he didn’t go to school.A. sinceB. asC. becauseD. though42. _______ he said he wasn’t hungry , he ate the big breakfast.A. EvenB. UnlessC. AsD. Although43. Tired _______ he was , he decided not to trouble her.A. asB. althoughC. unlessD. even if44. _______ you go , you will be warmly welcomed .A. No matter whereB. No matter whatC. WhicheverD. However45. We’ll never give up _______ they may do or say .A. although thatB. no matter howC. whateverD. however46. No matter how hard he worked, ___ ____A. he could not do any betterB. and he could not do any betterC. so he could not do any betterD. but he could not do any better47. I’ll start early , _______I oversleep.A. unlessB. thoughC. ifD. whether48. _______ you begin the work , you must carry it out through to the end.A. WhenB. ThoughC. SometimesD. Once49. I’ll start early , _______ it is dark or light .A. however C. whether C. if D. though50. He is so strongly built that he looks _______ he could lift an elephant.A. ifB. as ifC. like D thatKey: CDB 6.BBBBD 11.DCBBD 16.BCAAB 21.ABACA BAC 31.BDDAC 36.CADAD41.CDAAC 46.AADBB二、强化练习1. _______ he’s old, he ca n still carry this heavy bag.A. ThoughB. SinceC. ForD. So2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.A. comes; isB. comes; will beC. will come; isD. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.A. will fall; to helpB. falls; to helpC. will fall; helpD. falls; helping4. I don’t remember ___ he worked in that city when he was young.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.A. comesB. comeC. will comeD. is coming6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.A. not; beforeB. don’t; whenC. not to; untilD. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.A. whenB. thatC. untilD. because8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ fr ee tomorrow.A. will beB. shall beC. amD. was9. In the exam, the _____ you are, the ____ mistakes you will makeA. careful; littleB. more careful; fewestC. more careful; fewerD. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. while11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A. sinceB. so thatC. as ifD. unless12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. though13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.A. forB. so thatC. becauseD. in order14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.A. becauseB. asC. ifD. since15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.A. a lovely dayB. too lovely a dayC. so lovely a dayD. such lovely a day16. Mary had _much work that she stayed at her office all day.A. suchB. soC. tooD. very17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. AsD. As if18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. WithB. SinceC. WhileD. As19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A. So long asB. In order thatC. No matter howD. The moment20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.A. will getB. getC. gettingD. got 参考答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B。
