2011大学英语四级模拟预测试题

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don’t have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.[A] positive[B] additional[C] duration[D] effective[E] shed[F] physical[G] food[H] functions [I] participated[J] rely[K] cut[L] repeatedly[M] uses[N] little[O] obviousSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, " You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort."57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment58. The word "frugal" (Line 2, Para. 2) means ________.[A] wealthy [C] thrifty[B] wasteful [D] miserable59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.60. The last paragraph implies that ________.[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one’s best at what onereally likes61. This passage mainly talks about ________.[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goalsPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology, "I realized the real market is in space tourism."According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn’t include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(爱打官司的)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that’s inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space’s prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can’t be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?[A] Take Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1, Pare.1) most probably means ________.[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,00065. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.[C] The government has little interests in this project.[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.66. What’s the author’s tone in the last sentence of the passage?[A] Objective. [C] Approving.[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.“成千上万人疯狂下载。

2011年12月英语四级冲刺预测试题及答案(1)partI Writing (30 minute)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting theirfectures.You should write at least 120 words following theoutline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题On Students Selecting Lecturers范文：On Students Choosing LecturersNowadays, some universities give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes. This has led to some debate over whether students should be given this much power.There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, thelecturer's academic background, and the lecturer's reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students.There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to choose their lecturers. Giving students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their classes, and also puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality.However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content.。

2011级大学英语四级考试模拟试题参考答案Key to Model T est OnePart I WritingUniversities Taking DonationsIt is common now for people to give and universities to take donations. Many universities, especially those elite ones, can receive millions from the individuals and companies every year. For example, Zhejiang University was reported to have accepted more than 520 million yuan in 2010 from its alumni.People have different views on universities’ taking donations. Some believe that more funds will contribute to a better development of the university, and donations can aid students who come from low-income families. Others, however, argue that colleges shouldn’t accept endowment, since the governmental funds allocated to universities are enough for their development. They also point out that many universities fail to make good use of the donations and most money don’t go to poor students.In my opinion, taking donations benefits not only the university but also its students. Even if most donations are not given to poor students directly, they help update teaching facilities and improve the school environment, which will benefit the students indirectly. Therefore, universities’ taking donations should be advocated.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. C)2. B)3. D)4. A)5. D)6. B)7. C)8 attractive 9. an online hit 10. criticized这里我把听力答案以及后面附有的听力原文删掉了，需要的话向听力老师要Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. O) 48. I) 49. M) 50. H) 51. L) 52. B) 53. E) 54. D) 55. N) 56. F)57. C) 58. C) 59. B) 60. D) 61. A)62. B) 63. C) 64. A) 65. D) 66. C)Part V Cloze67. C) 68. A) 69. D) 70. B) 71. D) 72. C) 73. A) 74. C) 75. B) 76. A)77. D) 78. B) 79. C) 80. A) 81. D) 82. B) 83. A) 84. C) 85. D) 86. B)Part VI Translation87. would never have missed the chance88. be measured purely by examination results89. adjusted to the harsh weather there90. do they know about German91. at the thought of meeting himKey to Model T est TwoPart I WritingPaying Kids for Chores?A rising proportion of parents pay their children to do chores around the house nowadays. For example, some parents will give their kids allowances if they clean the room, do laundry, set the table, or prepare simple food for the family.People differ on whether parents should pay their kids for doing housework. Supporters say tying kids’ allowances to housework is a good way to teach kids accountability and responsibility. It also helps children learn about money and how it works. But critics of this approach say children should do routine housework for free. The reason is simple: chores are part of a family, and everyone does chores.Personally, I don’t think parents should adopt the pay-for-work view. Paying kids to help out sends the wrong massage: they are entitled to freely have everything parents provide for them while the contributions they make to the family have to be paid for. It risks creating teenagers who would worship money and who are likely to drive a hard bargain just to take out the garbage.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. C)2. D)3. B)4. B)5. A)6. C)7. B)8 an improved complaints procedure 9. improve their offer 10. demandingPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. K) 48. F) 49. A) 50. H) 51. B) 52. C) 53. E) 54. D) 55. L) 56. I)57. B) 58. A) 59. D) 60. C) 61. B)62. D) 63. C) 64. B) 65. B) 66. A)Part V Cloze67. D) 68. B) 69. A) 70. B) 71. C) 72. A) 73. C) 74. B) 75. A) 76. C)77. D) 78. B) 79. C) 80. D) 81. A) 82. D) 83. C) 84. B) 85. A) 86. D)Part VI Translation87. At the risk of going bankrupt/Running the risk of going bankrupt88. take it for granted that89. (that) some effective measures were taken90. let alone/not to mention a house91. occurs to me thatKey to Model T est ThreePart I WritingStudents’ Driving to SchoolStudents’ driving to school i s no longer as rare as it was two decades ago. A ccording to a news report, in Chongqing University alone, the number of student drivers now reaches over 50. MBA students included, the number will be up to 500.People have different views on students’ driving to school. Some people say it is a natural phenomenon connected with China’s growth — millions of families can afford private cars now. Some consider it improper, sinceit will cause parking problems in the already crowded school. Still, there are people who worry that driving to school is showing off to some extent and might lead to blind comparison among students.In my opinion, as long as students own cars and get driving licenses, they should be allowed to drive themselves to schools. After all, car is a transportation tool. Like cycling and walking, driving just serves as a way to travel between school and home. Therefore, there is nothing to fuss over driving to school, even if the drivers are college students.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. C)2. A)3. D)4. B)5. C)6. B)7. D)8 growth 9. change jobs 10. stuckPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. O) 48. I) 49. M) 50. D) 51. B) 52. H) 53. F) 54. J) 55. K) 56. L)57. C) 58. D) 59. B) 60. A) 61. B)62. C) 63. D) 64. A) 65. C) 66. B)Part V Cloze67. C) 68. A) 69. B) 70. A) 71. D) 72. C) 73. A) 74. C) 75. D) 76. B)77. D) 78. A) 79. B) 80. C) 81. B) 82. C) 83. D) 84. A) 85. B) 86. D)Part VI Translation87. mobilize the army in an emergency88. It is unbelievable that89. the lower its dropout rate is90. did the factory fulfill the production91. were further narrowed down。

2011年6月英语四级考试全真预测试卷：仔细阅读3Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them wholove football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so muchspace and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. Butwatch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a pointin front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of youwith one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If。

2011年英语四级考试模拟试题及答案2011 年英语四级考试模拟试题及答案Part I Dialogue Completion (15%)Directions:Complete the following dialogues with a suitable word, phrase or sentence (用适当的词、短语或句子完成下而的对话).1. Wang:I’ve got an appointment. I’m going to meet a friend in London at 3 p. m.It’s already a quarter past 2. __________.David:I’m going into London. I can give you a lift if you like.Wang: Could you really? That would be great.A. I’ll never make itB. I’ll never do itC. I’ll never reach itD. I’ll never attain it2. Clerk: Good morning. Can I help you?Mr. Smith: Yes, I’d like a ticket to New York 9:15 tomorrow morning.Clerk: __________?Mr. Smith: single, please.A. Single or twoB. Single or returnC. Single or doubleD. Single or Back3. Ted: Hi, Christine. __________?Christine:Hi, Ted. I just bought a new camping tent. I can’t wait to use it.A. What’s onB. What’s upC. What’s wrongD. What’s right4. Jane: Hello Sally. Fancy meeting you here!Sa lly: Hello, Jane. Haven’t seen you for a long time. You’ve got married, haven’t you?Jane: Yes, I have. I got married four years ago.Sally: __________.A. Oh, wish you happinessB. Oh, really? Enjoy yourselfC. Oh, my congratulationsD. Oh, is it? Have a happy life5. Phone call.Daughter: OK, Dad. Nice talking to you and glad everything’s all right.__________.Dad: All right. Good-bye.Daughter: Good-bye, Dad.A. Say “How are you?” to MonB. Say “Are you OK” to MomC. Give Mom our careD. Give Mom our love6. Guest:Oh, I hadn’t realized how late it was. I’m afraid I’ll have to be going. Host:Oh, not yet. I’m just going to make some coffee.Guest:_________, though I’d really love to stay. I’ve got to be up by six tomorrow morning, unfortunately. Thank you for a wonderful party.A. I’m sorry, but I mustB. Excuse me, but I have to goC. Pardon me, but I should goD. It’s a pity, but no way out7. Mary: What are your working on?Susan: I’m doing some embroidery.Mary: ________Susan:I don’t do very much, just for very special occasions.A.I didn’t know you did needlework.B.I think you have done a good job.C.Where did you learn to do needlework?D.Why do you do needlework?8. Tom: You are playing guitar well. Can you read music?Charles:No, I don’t. I just li sten to songs on the radio and then play them until they sound right.Tom: ___________.Charles: No, really.A. You’re lyingB. You’re cheatingC. You are boastingD. You’re kidding9. Connie: Are you doing pottery? It looks like fun!Frank: __________?Connie: Boy, would I? Thanks.A. Would you please give me a handB. Would you please not to bother meC. Have you ever learned how to do itD. Would you like to try it10.Michael:The Johnsons are moving next week. We are going to have agoing-away party for them Saturday.Tracy:I didn’t realize they were moving so soon. __________ Michael:Yes, but we’ll have one last chance to get together. We’re planning a barbecue.A.Wish them a happy journey.B.May they have a more comfortable home.C.They are really going to be missed.D.We can’t stay together forever, can we?11. Martin:Can you cover for me on Sunday? I’m supposed to teach the high schoolclass.Lisa: Sure. ___________?Martin:We’re going to the beach for the weekend.Lisa:Well, don’t worry. I’ll take goo d care of Sunday school.A. What’s inB. What’s the thingC. What’s upD. What’s down12. Joe:We haven’t got together for a long time. How about lunch next week?Nancy:I’m pretty tied up all next week. How about we plan on two weeks from today? _________.Joe: OK Wednesday in two weeks.A. I can reach it on that WednesdayB. I can make it on that WednesdayC. I can get it on that WednesdayD. I can assure it on that Wednesday13. Jim: I have a pair of tickets for an opera Saturday night. Would you like to go?Cindy:I don’t think so. ___________.A. I’m not too wild about operaB. I’m not too interested about operaC. I’m not very excited about operaD. I’m not very anxious about opera14. Wang (guest): That was a delicious dinner.Mrs. Willis (hostess): __________. Would you like to go to the living room now?It’s more comfortable there.A. Thank you. Don’t mention itB. You’re welcomeC. Not so delicious, I’m afraidD. I’m glad you enjoyed it15. Wendy: Have you been to the new bakery on the corner?Arthur: No, how is it?Wendy: It is heaven! _________!A. Their cakes are to strive forB. Their cakes are to struggle forC. Their cakes are to die forD. Their cakes are to pay forPart II Vocabulary and Structures (15%)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. Please write a report ______ the above subjects are to be covered.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. in that17. She remember clearly that day ____ she’d gone shopping alone for the first time.A.whichB. thatC. whenD. where18. The shops offer almost everything _______ ranges from inexpensive to veryexpensive.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. in which19. With manners, the best rule is the one _________ works.A. whoB. thatC. itD. when20. They are not aware of the reasons _______ people are unwilling to discuss insurance.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. how21. Money is something _______ is generally accepted as payment in exchange forgoods or services.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whom22. There are many children and adolescents ________ behavior is generallyunacceptable.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. that23. In one country which I visited _______ the climate is very hot all the year round.A.thatB. whichC. whenD. where24. He sent her a letter ______ he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.A.whichB. in whichC. thatD. whom25. The four travelers ______ I shared the room were pleasant people.A. whoB. to whoC. from whichD. with whom26. Sports and games are good _______ your health.A. atB. forC. toD. with27. I've got tired ________ walking and want to have a rest.A. ofB. withC. forD. at28. As we can see, the bridge is made _______ stone.A. fromB. byC. forD. of29. The old man bought _______ eggs.A. three scoreB. three scoresC. three scores ofD. scores three30. No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell ________.A. sleepB. asleepC. sleptD. sleepily31.The Yellow River is the second ________ river in China.A. longB. longerC. longestD. as long32. Hurry up, John. The train _______ at 8 a.m.A. is startingB. has startedC. would startD. started33. I'm sorry I _______ know you _______ here.A. don't areB. didn't; wereC. don't; wereD. didn't; are34. "I think Helen is at home."“No, she ______ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.”A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. can'tD. daren't35. The flower is dead. I ________ it more water.A. will giveB. would have givenC. must giveD. should have given36. "Can I do it ？""No, you _______."or "No, please ________."A. can't; doesn'tB. can't; don'tC. can't; can'tD. can't; you don't37. There is ________ "n" in the word "north".A. anB. aC. theD. /38. ________ page of the book is missing and _________ cover is torn.A. The; aB. A; theC. The; theD. A; a39. We may make good _______ of the ads to compare the prices of goods.A. useB. usingC. usedD. usage40. China has a recorded ________ of 5,000 years.A.historyB. historicalC. historicD. historian41.She received a gift from him, but she didn’t ________ it.A.acceptableB. acceptC. unacceptableD. acceptance42. The factory is going to ________ 30 more workers.A. employmentB. employerC. employeeD. employ43. Food _______ often occurs in time of war.A. short B shortage C. shorting D. shortness44. It is ________ to walk on thin ice on a lake.A. dangerB. dangerousC. endangerD. dangers45. She wished him _________ in his new job.A.successB. succeedC. successfulD. successfullyPart III Reading Comprehension 阅读理解(40%)Directions: Choose the best answer to each sentence according to the following passages.Passage 1A man had to go to court, and he asked his lawyer which judge would be hearing his case. His lawyer told him and then said, “Do you know him?” The man answered, “No, but I want to know his name so that I could send him a dozen bottles of good wine.”The lawyer was terribl y shocked. “You can’t do that,” he said. “You would be breaking the law very seriously, and you would be sure to lose the case.” Some weeks later the case was heard, and the man won it. As he was leaving the court, he said to the lawyer, “My gift to the judge was quite successful, wasn’t it?”The lawyer was even more shocked than before, and said, “What? Did you really send him that wine after what I told you?”“Yes, certainly,” answered the man. “but I put my opponen t’s name on the card which I sent with t he wine.”46. The man’s lawyer _________.A. didn’t tell him the name of the judge who would be hearing the caseB. told him the whole caseC. told him the name of the judge who would be hearing the caseD. didn’t l ike to tell him the name of the judge who would be hearing the case47. What does “hearing his case” mean?A. Listening to him before he goes into the court.B. In charge while his business is being dealt with by the court.C. Learning from his complaint.D. Making a new law.48. The man thought he would _________ by sending the judge a dozen bottles ofgood wine with his name.A. lose the caseB. win the caseC. not break the law seriouslyD. be shocked49. What do you think of the lawyer from what he said to the man?A.He was a law-breaker.B.He was a serious and good lawyer.C.He was very clever.D.He was a bad lawyer.50. The man finally won the case by putting his ____ on the card with the wine as giftto the judge./doc/3615325633.html,w yer’s nameB.judge’s nameC.opponent’s nameD.own namePassage 2There was a pilot and four people in a small plane. Suddenlythere was something wrong with the machine while it was flying in the air. The smoke was everywhere in the plane. The pilot told the people there were only four parachutes (降落伞). They all become worried and started to make excuses.“I must go and mend the machine,” said the pilot, taking one of the parachutes. There was nothing he could do so he jumped out.The first person stood up. “I’m a doctor,” he said, “ I help people live longer and I save lives.” He als o took a parachute and jumped out.The next person said, “I must have a parachute. I’m a very clever person. I have to attend an important sports match. I know I’ll win the game because I’ll be the cleverest person there.” He picked up a pack and jumped ou t.Two men were left —an old business and a young mountain climber. By this time the plane was going down fast. The businessman said, “Young man, I’m old but you are still you ng. You take the last parachute.” The young mountain climber smiled. “Don’t worry,” he said, “we can both jump to safety because there are still two parachutes. Just now the clever person jumped out with my back pack.”51. All the people became worried because _________.A.they couldn’t find the parachutesB.they were afraid the plane would be broken and knew there were not enoughparachutes for each personC.there was too much smoke and they couldn’t jump out from the planeD.they saw the pilot jump out first52. The clever man jumped out with _________.A.a parachuteB.nothingC.the pack of the climber’sD.two parachutes53. All the people thought of themselves only except ________.A.the pilotB.the clever manC.the doctorD.the business man54. From the story we know _________ would be dead.A.the clever manB.the business manC.the pilotD.the doctor55. ________ was a kind-hearted man.A.The pilotB.The mountain climberC.The business manD.The doctorPassage 3Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one’s muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but also with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on theradio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all the possible enjoyment form music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener “feels” himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.56. Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ________.A. not a mental processB. more of a physical process than a mental actionC. a process that involves our entire bodiesD. a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain57. The process of thinking and that of listening are similar in that ________.A. both are mental actsB. muscles participate in both processesC. both processes are performed by the entire bodyD. we derive equal enjoyment from them58. Few people are able to listen to familiar music without ________.A. moving some part of their bodyB. stopping what they are doingC. directing the orchestra playing itD. wishing that they could conduct music properly59. Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to ________.A. hear the musicB. appreciate the musicC. enjoy the music fullyD. completely understand the music60. According to the selection, muscle participation in the process of thinking is________.A. deliberateB. obviousC. not readily apparentD. very pronouncedPassage 4Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, buy timing the interval between a sound and its reflection (the echo), you can estimate the distance to an obstruction. During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain.Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their range of flight, in other words), the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined.61. Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate the ________.A. height of the hillB. speed of soundC. distance to the hillD. intensity of sound62. Practical application of this principle resulted in ________.A. new electronic instruments for planesB. a radio directing and ranging deviceC. new radio sets for RAF bombersD. an electronic detecting device63. The British used radio waves because they ________.A. were more exact than sound wavesB. could not be detectedC. could penetrate fog and cloudsD. were easier to use than sound waves64. Which of the following is NOT stated but implied in the passage?A. Light waves could be used in a device similar to radar.B. Radar was a practical application of a well-known principleC. Radar greatly increased the effectiveness of RAF.D. Sound waves are reflected from a hillside under all conditions.65. The author of this selection probably intended to explain ________.A. exactly how radar worksB. why the British used radio waves in their deviceC. how the word “radar” cam e into beingD. how radar helped the British win the Battle of BritainPart IV Cloze 完形填空(10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passages. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage.Nasreddin Went ShoppingOne day Nasreddin went to town to buy new clothes. First he tried (66) ____a pair of trousers. He didn’t like the trousers, so he gave (67) ______ back to the shopkeeper. Then he tried a robe. It was priced (68) ______ as the pair of trousers. Nasreddin was (69) ____ with the robe, so he took the robe and left the shop. (70) ____ he climbed onto his donkey to ride home, the shopkeeper and the shop assistant (71) ____ out.“You didn’t pay (72) _____ the robe,” said the shopkeeper.“But I gave you the trousers in exchange for the robe, (73) ____ I?” replied Nasreddin._“Yes, but you didn’t pay for the trousers (74) ____!” said the shopkeeper.“But I didn’t buy the trousers,” replied Nasreddin, “(75) ____ I don’t buy anything, I’m not so stupid as to pay for it.”66. ( ) A. with B. in C. on D. for67. ( ) A. it B. them C. him D. himself68. ( ) A. lower B. higher C. differently D. the same69. ( ) A. pleased B. pleasing C. please D. pleases70. ( ) A. After B. Before C. Then D. In front of71. ( ) A. walked B. left C. looked D. ran72. ( ) A. with B. on C. for D. in73. ( ) A. do B. did C. didn’t D. don’t74. ( ) A. too B. either C. also D. both75. ( ) A. That B. If C. What D. WhichPart V Translation (20%)Section ADirections: There are 5 Chinese sentences in this section. Choose the best English version of each Chinese sentence below and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.76. 天快黑了，该回家了。

2011年12月四级考试模拟试题第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic “Education: Examination-Oriented or Quality-Oriented”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 应试教育现状及其原因;2. 素质教育的优点;3. 你的观点。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Selling Expertise on the Internet for Extra CashTeresa Estes, a licensed mental-health counselor, watched as business at her private practice decreased last year. Then the single mother turned to her keyboard to boost her income.Ms. Estes applied to become an “expert” on LivePerson Inc., a Web site where clients pay for online chat time with professionals and advisers of all fields. For $1.89 a minute — a rate she set — the 39-year-old from Marianna, Fla., dispenses advice to clients around the globe. She spends about four hours a day online, often at night, when her daughter has gone to bed.“It was the economy,”she says of her move to take her skills online. “Live Person is more profitable than my private practice.” Ms. Estes had charged her private clients up to $75 an hour.As the recession deepens, a small but growing number of people are taking their skills online, offering expertise or performing specified tasks for a fee. Labor-at-the-keyboard sites are gaining popularity as people increasingly turn to the Web in search of work. Internet job-search sites saw a 51% rise in traffic from January 2008 to January 2009, according to comScore Media Metrix, to 26.7 million unique visitors.Among the many fee-for-service Web sites out there, at least three are attracting a significant number of users — though consumers should exercise a healthy degree of skepticism when consulting any of these sites. Live Person seeks out experts on a slew of topics, including mental health, financial services, shopping and fashion, as well as psychics and spiritual advisers. Mechanical Turk, a Web service run by Inc., pays workers to perform tasks, such as cataloging products online. Associated Content pays contributors to write articles on a wide range of subjects, from organic flower gardening to how to apply for financial aid.Live Person went public in 2001, and the current version of the site was launched in late 2007. Today, the site has 30,000 registered experts, attracting an average of 100,000 people a year who pay for the offered services, says Chief ExecutiveOfficer Robert LoCascio. Roughly 3,500 people have made contributing to the site their full-time job, he says.Live Person says it vets contributors’ qualifications, such as medical licenses or financial certification, through a third party, and relies heavily on its community reviews. Some 200 people a day apply to be Live Person experts, up from 120 a year ago, says Mr. LoCascio. Once cleared, advisers work with clients on a cost-per-minute basis set by the adviser. The site takes a commission of between 30% and 35%.Associated Content, by contrast, reviews submissions in house and then decides how much to pay for them. The site, which specializes in how-to pieces and feature stories on news topics, had 237,000 registered contributors and more than one million content pieces as of February, both about double from the same month a year ago.After posting the content, the site sells advertisements against it and distributes it to other companies, such as online shoe retailer Zappos, which use the content on their own Web sites. If Associated Content accepts a submission (it says it rejects about 25% of them), the author gets between $5 and $30, plus $1.50 for each 1,000 page views. An ability to write “search-engine-optimized” content, an industry term for generating good Google results, helps, says site founder Luke Beatty.People are not only looking for payment but also establishing their credentials “as somebody with experience”, he says. Writing about a specific profession, such as law or real estate, helps raise a person’s profile online, e nhancing his job searches, says Mr. Beatty.Sabah Karimi, a 26-year-old from Orlando, Fla., left a career in marketing to become a full-time freelance writer and now spends between 8 and 10 hours a week writing for Associated Content. She has been at it for about three years and says she earns roughly $1,000 a month from her past and current submissions.Ms. Karimi cautions newcomers to Associated Content that it takes time to build up earnings. She says she learned how to write articles that would bring traffic and often looks for newsy ideas that will attract readers.Mechanical Turk, by contrast, is based on “crowd sourcing”, or breaking a task into lots of tiny pieces and giving it to a big group of people to complete quickly. Most of these jobs — which the site calls HITs, for human intelligence tasks —pay just a few cents. Efficient MTurkers, as they call themselves, can make more than $100 a week doing things such as finding someone’s email address or labeling images of a particular animal in a photograph.Amazon says that MTurk now has 200,000 workers from 100 different countries, but it doesn’t keep track of past figures.The site —named for an 18th-century stunt involving a turbaned chess-playing “machine” with an actual chess mast er hidden within —began as a way to help Amazon manage its product database, says Sharon Chiarella, vice president of Amazon Mechanical Turk. Amazon uses the site to help sort images and content, paying people a few cents a task. Mechanical Turk also serves a variety of companies who need Web tasks performed, especially those that require a human element. Test-prep startupKnewton Inc., for example, uses it extensively for focus-group-type tasks, as well as enlisting people to take its practice tests.Keri Knutson, a mother of five from Independence, La., discovered Mechanical Turk when her eldest son was headed for college. Ms. Knutson, now 45, needed money for his tuition and fees. She took on all kinds of low-paying but easy tasks at the beginning, from finding a place to purchase a specific item to identifying the name of a street in a photograph.People looking to make money online as fee-for-service experts should read the fine print. Live Person has one of the more formal payment systems, requiring users to sign up for an account before talking with an expert. Some sites, including Associated Content and Mechanical Turk, reserve the right to refuse payment if a task is not completed satisfactorily.Most sites have a robust community of workers who regularly offer one another tips on which tasks pay the best. Mechanical Turk users have an independent site called Turker Nation (), which reviews the companies that solicit (索求) and pay for tasks so that workers can check a compa ny’s record before taking on a task.Consumers who use these sites also need to exercise caution. Relying on legal or medical advice from an unknown online source has obvious drawbacks, and the Web sites acknowledge that some users have registered complaints about the advice offered on the sites. LivePerson warns consumers to offer their financial and personal details with care.For the workers on these sites, even incremental sources of income are helpful these days. Ms. Knutson now spends the majority of her time transcribing Web audio and video for clients, earning about $250 a week for 30 hours of work. She says she has seen more competition lately but is determined to keep up her weekly pace.“If I didn’t have this money,” she says, “we’d be struggl ing to find what to eat every week.”1. What is the passage mainly talking about?A) The economic recession will last a few years.B) More people are taking their skills online to make money.C) Asking for advice through the Internet is a good way to solve your problems.D) People shouldn’t release their financial and personal details online.2. Live Person Inc. is a Web site where ___________.A) people chat with each other and make friends freelyB) professionals and advisers help others for freeC) people pay money for applying to become an expertD) clients pay for online chat time with professionals and advisers3. Why are labor-at-the-keyboard sites gaining popularity?A) Because people love to work on the Internet.B) Because more people are finding jobs on the Internet.C) Because people are being asked to work on the Internet.D) Because working on the Internet is easier than other ways of working.4. How much will an expert get through Live Person if a client pays $10?A) $3 to $3.5. B) $10. C) $6.5 to $7. D) $5.5. Mechanical Turk originated as a method to _________.A) label images of a particular animal in a photographB) serve a variety of companies who need Web tasks performedC) help Amazon manage its product databaseD) find someone’s email address6. What does Turker Nation do?A) It reserves the right to refuse payment if a task is not completed satisfactorily.B) It relies on legal or medical advice from an unknown online source.C) It registers complaints about the advice offered on the site.D) It reviews the companies that solicit and pay for tasks.7. What does Ms. Knutson spend the majority of her time doing?A) Finding a place to purchase a specific item.B) Identifying the name of a street in a photograph.C) Transcribing Web audio and video for clients.D) Struggling to find what to eat every week.8. Associated Content pays contributors to write articles on a wide range of subjects, from organic flower gardening to how to ______________.9. Live Person says it vets contributors’ qualifications through a third party, and relies heavily on its _______.10. Amazon says that MTurk now has 200,000 workers from ______________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)■ Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 47 lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to 48 rock music.The term “rock and roll” now covers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 49 rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.50 , defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.Classic rock and roll is 51 played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 52 rock and roll styles of the late 1940s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally 53 or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s.The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a 54 social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, 55 lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially56 backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply “rock music” or “rock”.A) define I) followedB) characteristic J) modernC) unique K) explanationD) roots L) ConverselyE) usually M) replacedF) Basically N) prepareG) earliest O) seldomH) influenced■Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.According to a report, around 30,000 pupils started secondary school last year with the math skills of a seven-year-old. MPs (国会议员) warned that many young people would need “expensive” remedial lessons in later life to get a job —posing major problems for the economy. The findings came just months after Ofsted(教育标准办公室)claimed almost half of math lessons in English schools were not good enough. It said many teachers relied on textbooks and mundane exercises to make sure pupils passed exams at the expense of a proper understanding of the subject. MPs backed the conclusions, saying too many pupils found lessons “boring”. They insisted improvements had been made under Labor but achievement had “leveled off” in recent years.In 2008, 79 percent of pupils met the Gove rnment’s expected standard at the end of primary school, well short of the 85 percent target set for 2006. Around five percent moved to secondary school with the math skills of a seven- year-old, said the committee. In 2006, ￡2.3 billion was spent teaching the subject. It equates to around a quarter of the ￡10 billion total budget for primary teaching and support staff.The report said the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) needed to “radically rethink its strategy for improving pupil at tainment; otherwise we seriously doubt that the department will meet its 2011 target”. The target demands that 84.5 percent of pupils will make the necessary progress between 7 and 11.Last year, the DCSF published a major review of math education in England to boost standards. It called for a math specialist in every primary school within 10 years and more emphasis on mathematical “play” in nursery schools. Mr. Leigh said, “The department’s 10-year program to train 13,000 specialist math teacherswill no t benefit some primary schools for another decade. That’s far too long; the department needs to look for ways to accelerate the program.” Sarah McCarthy Fry, the Schools Minister, said, “We have already accepted the main recommendation from a recent independent review of primary math that every school should have a specialist math teacher and have pledged ￡24 million over the next three years for a training program for teachers.”Nick Gibb, the Tory shadow schools secretary, said, “The Government is not getting value for the money they have piled into education and the country is falling behind in international league tables as a result. The Government has failed to replace methods of teaching which have failed with tried and tested methods used in countri es that have much higher levels of math achievement.”57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) 30,000 pupils started secondary school with poor math skills.B) MPs insist more improvements should be made under Labor.C) Young people need medical lessons to get a job.D) Half of English schools were not good enough.58. According to the passage, what happened in 2006?A) 21% of pupils didn’t meet the Government’s expected standard.B) The target set for 2006 was 87 percent.C) ￡2.3 billion was spent on math teaching.D) The total budget for primary teaching and support staff was ￡5 billion in 2006.59. What will people probably do to improve math education in England?A) Spend money on training specialist math teachers.B) Hire a math specialist for every primary school.C) Allow pupils to have more mathematical “play”.D) Spend more time on math education.60. What do Nick Gibb’s words mean?A) The British government should put more money into math education.B) Britain is falling behind in the international knowledge competition.C) The British government should learn from other countries’ failures.D) The British government should change their teaching methods every few years.61. What’s the passage mainly tal king about?A) There aren’t enough math teachers in British primary schools.B) The British government didn’t spend enough money on math education.C) British pupils are not good at math.D) Math lessons in British primary schools need to be improved.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Bananas, always the fashion victims of the produce section, are wearing another new label this spring. Bananas with “Fair Trade Certified” stickers have been available in the United States since October. They represent the new front of an international effort to help first-world consumers improve the living standardsof the third-world farmers who grow much of their food.By expanding its reach to the produce section, Fair Trade is now trying to reach the American supermarket shopper. Fair Trade deals directly with farmer cooperatives. It helps organize, avoiding brokers (代理人) and middlemen. It guarantees higher prices for the farmers’ goods and helps them set up schools and health clinics.The Fair Trade movement took root in Europe in the 1990’s as a way of bolstering coffee farmers as prices were collapsing. Since Fair Trade began, more than a million coffee growers and other farmers have joined cooperatives that sell their products through Fair Trade channels instead of directly to a commercial producer.Not everyone is greeting the Fair Trade label with open arms. Several American coffee importers recently pulled out of Fair Trade, citing TransFair’s “corporate friendly” poli cies that allow large companies to use the Fair Trade logo in their marketing even if only a small amount of the company’s overall purchases are Fair Trade certified.Edmund LaMacchia, the national produce coordinator for Whole Foods, said Fair Trade is only one of many consumer choices. “Whole Foods has its own team of inspectors and has no plans to carry Fair Trade products”, Mr. LaMacchia said. “Our standards are higher than Fair Trade’s, actually.” Fair Trade is only one of several labels your bananas might be wearing this year. Another is that of the Rainforest Alliance, which certifies the use of sustainable agriculture methods.So far, though, Fair Trade is the biggest. A Fair Trade label by itself does not guarantee an organic product, but most Fair Trade bananas are also organic, Ms. Bourque said, because pesticides are usually too costly for the small farmers who grow them. If the bananas are organic, they will be labeled as such, and will probably be wearing a sticker to prove it.62. Why are bananas wearing “Fair Trade Certified” stickers?A) It means bananas are the fashion victims of the produce section.B) It means bananas have got a new label.C) It means bananas with these stickers are available in the United States.D) It represents an international effort to help the third-world farmers.63. What does Fair Trade do?A) It helps farmers sell their products for a higher profit.B) It appoints brokers and middlemen to deal with farmer cooperatives.C) It brings down the pri ce of farmers’ goods.D) It sets up schools and health clinics for American farmers.64. What was the original purpose of the Fair Trade movement?A) To cooperate with coffee growers and other farmers.B) To help coffee farmers as prices were collapsing.C) To prevent farmers from selling their products to commercial producers.D) To sell products through coffee growers and other farmers.65. What can we infer from this passage?A) American coffee importers will never buy their products through FairTrade channels.B) Fair Trade is the only label that bananas might be wearing this year.C) Not every consumer considers Fair Trade products the only choice.D) Whole Foods and the Rainforest Alliance are more influential than Fair Trade.66. What is the best title for this passage?A) Helping the Third World: One Banana at a TimeB) Consumers Face More ChoicesC) Fair Trade — the Best StickerD) The Fair Trade MovementPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Everyone knows hand washing is important. But a new study shows how washing your hands 67, and at the right time, can have a big impact on your family’s risk of getting sick.Most studies on hand washing focus on 68 and food service workers. But this month’s American Journal of Infection Control focuses on washing hands at69as a way to stop infections from 70 . Several studies show hands are the single most important 71route for all types of infections.Even though most people know to wash their hands after using the toilet or handling a diaper (尿布), studies 72many people are still ending up with germs on their hands.One study looked in homes of73recently vaccinated against polio (脊髓灰质炎). After vaccination, the virus is74 to be shed in the baby’s feces (粪便). Researchers found the virus on 13 percent of bathroom, living room and kitchen surfaces. 75 the virus from the vaccine didn’t pose a health risk, feces-borne viruses can 76through the home.Doorknobs and toilet flush handles are key 77of germ transmission in the home. That’s why people should focus on cleaning such surfaces 78and always wash their hands after touching them. In one study, a79touched a door handle contaminated with a virus. He then shook hands 80other volunteers, and spread the virus to six people.The study authors note that the timing of hand washing is key. It’s 81 to wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food. Other crucial times for hand washing are after 82a diaper or cleaning up after a pet, or after touching garbage cans, dish rags and utensils that may have come 83contact with raw food.While it may be hard to 84 that something as simple as regular hand washing can make a difference in your family’s health, consider what happened during the 2003 outbreak of SARS. The outbreak 85extensive public and community health measures, including regular hand washing. Not only was the SARS outbreak contained,86other cases of illnesses dropped sharply.67. A) occasionally B) often C) sometimes D) repeatedly68. A) chemical B) physical C) medical D) mental69. A) home B) clinics C) hospitals D) school70. A) living B) spreading C) surviving D) going71. A) transmit B) transfer C) transferring D) transmission72. A) claim B) agree C) suggest D) object73. A) parents B) teachers C) adults D) infants74. A) known B) said C) moved D) added75. A) When B) While C) Why D) Which76. A) travel B) go C) fly D) float77. A) questions B) opportunities C) ideas D) sources78. A) always B) frequently C) regularly D) actually79. A) volunteer B) baby C) worker D) person80. A) in B) on C) with D) through81. A) useless B) obvious C) interesting D) thankful82. A) taking B) using C) changing D) bringing83. A) of B) for C) from D) into84. A) dream B) know C) figure D) believe85. A) triggered B) started C) helped D) saved86. A) yet B) while C) but D) sincePart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. It was after the failure of this attempt that he _____________(诉诸武力).88. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back __________________(主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的).89. This occupation ____________________(关注于计划和监督) the arrangement of exhibitions of collections.90. ____________________ (令学生失望的是), the books they needed were sold out at the bookstore.91. A number of women interviewed found ___________________________(获得提升很难).【参考答案】Part I WritingOne possible version:Education: Examination-Oriented or Quality-OrientedFrom primary school to college, students, teachers and parents all are struggling for high scores. This is because the current education system is not aimed at quality, but only at developing students’ ability to perform well on tests. As a result, many students, even those with high scores, often do poorly when it comesto the practical application of what they’ve learned.Therefore, China is challenging examination-oriented education by advocating quality-oriented education. The alternative will focus on the students’ ability as a whole. The exam results will no longer play a key role in evaluating a student.Personally, I firmly believe in the effectiveness of this new policy. I have seen in my mind’s eye the more dedicated study, the looser environment, yet the more creative minds of the future students. Our education, so to speak, will bring up a new generation.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. B)。

2011年英语四六级考试进⼊冲刺阶段，编辑整理了2011年6⽉英语四级考试全真预测试卷供⼤家考，预祝⼤家取得好成绩！2011年英语四级试题：6⽉CET4全真预测试卷 Part I Writing(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 选择职业是⼀个⼈要⾯对的众多难题之⼀。

2. 需要花时间去选择职业。

3. 选择职业时可以向多⼈寻求建议和帮助。

Choosing an Occupation ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ 【写作思路】 本⽂是⼀篇关于择业的议论⽂。

短⽂需要说明慎重择业相当重要，并提出多种指导择业的⽅法。

【参考范⽂】 Choosing an Occupation One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem. Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job. Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and [D]. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Will We Run Out of Water? Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages. Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate (provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish. Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century. “Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one-third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages. Where Water Goes Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow). Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.” Close to Home Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel. Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting. The Source Where do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases. In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.) But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste. Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. What’s the Solution? Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.” 1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink? [A]The rivers flowing into it have been diverted. [B]Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland. [C]Government planners over pumped its water. [D]High temperature made its water badly evaporate. 2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects . [A]does more good than harm [B]solves more problems than what they created [C]does more harm than good [D]brings more water to people than expected 3.The chief causes of water shortage include . [A]population growth and water waste [B]water pollution and dry weather [C]water waste and pollution [D]population growth and water pollution 4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages? [A]living in rich areas [B]living in big cities but poor condition [C]depending on groundwater [D]bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind 5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries? [A]Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers. [B]Raw sewage into rivers and streams. [C]Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers. [D]Household cleaners poured down the drain. 6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water? [A]By covering the whole surface of the water. [B]By competitively using oxygen life in water needs. [C]By living more rapidly than other life in water . [D]By releasing hazardous chemicals into water. 7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems? [A]government and housewives. [B]farmers and 考试就上考试⼤ [C]ordinary people and manufacturers. [D]government and every person. 8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages. 9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in . 10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order toavoid . 【全⽂翻译】 我们会陷⼊⽔资源枯竭的困境吗? 想象⼀只“幽灵船”沉⼊了沙⼟中，任其留在⼲旱的沙⼟中腐烂掉。

2011 英语专四考试预测题Listen to the following passage.Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings,the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now,listen to the conversation.1. The financial analysis project has to be finished byA. Friday afternoon.B. the weekend.C. Monday.D. the end of the month.2. Why did the woman suggest not giving everyone an extra day off so quickly?A. There will still be much work.B. They don't deserve it.C. A new project could appear.D. The financial analysis project can't wait.3. According to the conversation, the meeting the man attendsA. has just started.B. will start in a minute.C. won't last long.D. has been on for hours.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now,listen to the conversation.4. What has made John so surprised?A. He discovered he wasn't registered in Chemistry 302A.B. He discovered he was registered in Chemistry 302B.C. He didn't know he was registered in Chemistry 302A and 302B.D. He wasn't registered in Chemistry 302B.5. The reason behind the confusion should be thatA. the man mixed up the two classes.B. the man didn't switch class in time.C. there had been a mistake during the add/drop process.D. the man didn't fill the add/drop form.6. What's Kate's advice to John?A. Come to the registration office with the form.B.Continue attending Professor Anderson's class.C. Sort out the problem himself.D. Switch to Dr. Bolton's class.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now,listen to the conversation.7. The man wanted the woman to bring the following EXCEPTA. some chips.B. some ice cream.C. a piece of pizza.D. some honey.8. What is the woman's first suggestion to her husband?A. He should get a checkup first.B. He should see a doctor.C. He should eat less fatty foods.D. He should visit a fitness trainer.9. How long has it been since the man played basketball?A. Less than 25 years.B. Less than 5 years.C. More than 5 years.D. More than 25 years.10. The woman advises the man to take up weight training becauseA. it helps strengthen his muscles.B. it is good for a sound sleep.C. it helps develop mental toughness.D. it helps to lose weight.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. According to the passage, if all students attend year-round schools in U.S. they wouldA. have a 3-month long summer holiday.B. have the same arrangement for schooling.C. go to school at a differently organized time.D. attend school for nine weeks before a vacation.12. Which of the following is NOT the reason for people to oppose year-round schooling?A.Some evidence shows that year-round schooling improves learning.B. It is. hard for families to organize activities.C. Summer camp sponsors would find it hard to operate their business.D. Some parents want to release the pressures of school for their children.13. What is the passage mainly about?A. Education in the U.S.B. The school system in the U.S.C. Summer holidays in the U.S.D. Year-round schooling in the U.S.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14. To be successful in a job interview, you have to do the following EXCEPTA.demonstrate personal and professional qualities.B. create a good image in a limited time.C. make a positive impression to the interviewer.D. pay great attention to the interview process.15. According to the passage, decent clothes canA. make a man.B. give you confidence.C. win interviewers' respect.D.affect interviewers'judgment.16. The interviewee should reflect his confidence by speakingA. in a very loud voice.B. in an ambitious way.C. in an overpowering way.D. in a clear voice.17. What is the speaker's last advice?A. Take care to dress properly.B.Reflect confidence when speaking.C. Wish for just a little luck.D. Convey enthusiasm for work.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. What did NOT happened, when Sandburg was 13?A. He left school.B. War broke out.C. He began to write poetry.D. He joined the army.19. In his lifetime, Sandburg had NEVER beenA. a blacksmith.B. a reporter.C. a writer.D. a biographer.20. Sandburg received the Pulitzer Prize for his Collected PoemsinA. 1915.B. 1940.C. 1948.D. 1951.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the endof the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. The strike is to protest againstA.social and economic policies.B.transportation problems.C. school safety issues.D. regional election.22. How did the French president react to the protest?A. He called for an election.B. He reorganized his party.C. He reorganized his cabinet.D. He asked for an economic reform.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. How many people were reportedly injured according to the news?A. 38.B. 60.C. 98.D. More than 60.24. According to the news, the attacks happenedA. in the afternoon.B. in the morning rush hour.C. in a park in Kultury.D. in North Caucasus region.25. Which of the following details about the bomb attacks is INCORRECT?A.No group has yet claimed responsibility.B. Both of the attacks happened in the morning.C. One of the attacks struck at the back of the train.D.Both stations were slightly disrupted.Questions 26 and 27 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.26. The experiment is to take placeA. in outer space.B. from a pyramid.C. on the Internet.D. on another planet.27. Which of the following material is NOT used to communicate with outer space life?A. Images.B. Videos.C. Sounds.D. Radar.Question 28 is based on the following news. At tile end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. The news item is mainly aboutA. World Cup in South Africa.B. police uniform change.C. potice battling obesity.D. police losing their jobs.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. The rate of HIV/AIDS infection in Washington DCA. is lower than other areas in the US.B. is even higher than some African nations.C. is about 20% of the city population.D. has decreased in the past two years.30. Which of the following details about the news is INCORRECT?A. Most of those infected are African .American.B. Men aged between 40 and 50 are among the worst affected.C. The city is to solve the problem by taking more tests.D. People are taking the HIV/AIDS testing seriously.Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Mark the best choice .for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.The process by means of which human beings can arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things may be called the symbolic process. (31) ___ we turn, we see the symbolic process (32) __ work. For example, stripes on the sleeve can be made to stand for military rank ; crossed sticks can stand for a (33) __ of religious beliefs. There are (34) __ things that have not a symbolic value.Almost all fashionable clothes are (35)_ symbolic. And we select our furniture to (36) ____ as visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses on the (37) ___ of a feeling that it "looks well" to have a "good address". We trade in perfectly good cars for (38) __ models not always to get better transportation, (39) __ to give evidence to the community that we can(40) _____ it.I once had an eight-year-old car in good running condition. A repairman, who knew the condition of the car, kept (41) ____ me to trade it (42) __ a new model. "But why?" I asked, "The old car's in (43) __ still." The repairman answered scornfully, "Yeah, but all you've got is transportation."Such complicated and apparently (44) __ behavior leads philosophers to (45) __ over "Why can't human beings live simply and naturally?" (46) ____ the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative simplicity of such lives as dogs and cats lead.Simply,the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no (47) ___ for wanting to (48) __ to a cat existence. A better (49) ___ is to understand the symbolic process (50)___ instead of being its victims we become, to some degree at least, its masters.31. A. WhicheverB. WhateverC.EverywhereD. However32. A. inB. atC. byD. on33. A. serialB. clusterC. suite.D. set34. A. manyB. fewC. enoughD. little35. A. highlyB. merelyC. rarelyD.accidentally36. A. workB. regardC. serveD. signify37. A. chanceB. purposeC.opportunityD. basis38. A. laterB. formerC. latterD. earlier39. A. yetB. butC. andD. so40. A. affordB. offerC. supplyD. grant41. A. advocatingB. alertingC. urgingD. pressing42. A. withB. inC. outD. for43. A. advanceB. shapeC. demandD. vogue44. A. unnecessaryB. uselessC. randomD. impolite45. A. concernB. worryC. ponderD. determine46. A. OftenB. SeldomC. AlwaysD. Still47. A. doubtB. meaningC. reasonD. time48. A. returnB. devoteC. leadD. proceed49. A. resultB. solutionC.distinctionD.resolution50. A. whileB. asC. since thatD. so thatThere are thirty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51. There is no ___ in the world for her children.A. love greater than a motherB. love greater than that of a motherC. love greater as a motherD. great love as that of a mother52. I didn't see her in the meeting-room this afternoon. She ___ at the meeting.A. mustn't have spokenB. shouldn't have spokenC. needn't have spokenD. couldn't have spoken53. Pop music is such an important part of society ___ it has even influenced our language.A. asB. thatC. whichD. where54. Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks, ___ the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his words.A. asB. soC. thusD. like55. __ it may be, there is no place like home.A. As humbleB. Though humbleC. Humble asD. If humble56. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years __ they are fully accepted.A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. where57. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Many a boy and many a girl have seen the film before.B. He said he would go to Shanghai on business the next day.C. I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.D. His father has left his homeland for fifty years.58. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, ___ he?A. didn'tB. hasn'tC. mustn'tD. can't59. What does "You cannot give him too much money" mean?A. You shouldn't give him too much money.B. The more money you give him, the better.C. You can't give him a lot of money.D. You ought to give him less money.60. He never hesitates to make __ criticisms __ are considered helpful to others.A. so... thatB. so... asC. such.., thatD. such.., as61. The followings are all correct responses to "Do you mind my smoking here?" EXCEPTA. No, do it please.B. No, of course not.C. I'm sorry.D. Yes, go ahead.62. The reason why he has been such a success is ___ he never gives up.A. whatB. thatC. becauseD. how63. One is not guilty until he __A. has provedB. has been provedC. is provedD. will be proved64. Paper produced every year is four times __ the weight of the world's production of vehicles.A. /B. that ofC. whichD. of65. If you are a member of a club, you must __ to the rules of that club.A. conformB. appealC. referD. access66. I tried to relax because I knew I would use up my oxygen sooner, __A. the more excited I gotB. I got excited moreC. and more I got excitedD. and I got more excited67. The toy maker produces a __ copy of the space station, exact in every detail.A. minimalB. minimumC. miniatureD. minor68. I should like to rent a house, modem, comfortable and __ in a quiet neighborhood.A. all in allB. above allC. after allD. over all69. Some parents are only concerned __ their children's grades in studies.A. ofB. atC. aboutD. for70. This disease __ itself in yellowness of the skin and eyes.A.manifestsB. modifiesC. magnifiesD. exposes71. Dr. Wang has made much contribution to the theories of modem physics at the __ of his health.A. costB. disposalC. mercyD.expenditure72. If I take this medicine three times a day, it should __ my cold.A. healB. cureC. treatD. recover73. Crisis would be the right term to describe the __ in many animal species.A.abolitionB.restrictionC. descentD. decline74. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost__ onfully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.A.restrictivelyB.radicallyC.inclusivelyD.exclusively75. In the___ of human life the honors and rewards fall to those who show their good qualities in action.A. ringB. terraceC. arenaD. ground76. On January 1st many people make a New YearA.intentionB.determinationC.dedicationD.resolution77. Bill assured his boss that he would __ all his energies in doing this new job.A. call forthB. call atC. call onD. call off78. We had a __ lesson in ideological education yesterday and were deeply impressed.A. profoundB. deepC. extremeD. shallow79. Despite technical progress, some food production is still completely __ on weather.A. reliableB.dependableC. dependentD.inseparable80. His speech rambled for half an hour, but the___ of what he had said was that too many people has too little money.A. aimB. purposeC. essenceD. contentIn this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AWhen I was a child in Bra in Italy, hardly any mothers had a job, grandmothers lived with their children and grandchildren,and lunch and dinner were rites (仪式) you couldn't miss. Even if the world was collapsing around you, you would go home at a set time, sit down at the table and eat a full meal fondly prepared by the women of the house. Most ingredients came from local markets, though a lot of thevegetables were grown directly in our allotments,and meat came from animals raised by friends or acquaintances.The most "exotic" foods were bought at the neighborhood grocer's shop.This typically Italian family scene has changed radically.In the 1960s and 1970s, the advent of supermarkets and cheap, mass-produced food swathed community-based economies.The boom years brought new freedom and money to spend, on food but also on leisure. Women were emancipated at last and started to go out to work.Convenience foods were all the rage. Home-baked cakes and handmade pasta were out ; factory-produced replicas were in. In the late 1980s, food processing became an out-and-out revolution.In the subsequent loss of domestic and artisanal (手工制作的 ) savoir-faire, traditional produce and biodiversity were threatened.The food production revolution that transformed Europe and North America meant more and cheaper food for all.But there were negative effects, too: environmental harm and a loss of cultural identity. Now that emerging nations are following in our footsteps,the downside is evident. If we can't force those countries who are starting to glimpse emancipation from poverty to avoid our bad examples,we can at least propose more sustainable models of producing food.It is important to trigger the virtuous processes that lead to food that tastes great, is ecologically benign, and is produced and consumed in a way that is fair to all. We must look to the past. We need to learn from what we have forgotten or set aside in the name of modernity. The values of rural societies are the values we have to restore to our food, and hence to our culture.These values teach us that food is better when it is fresh and seasonal, when it is produced close to home, and when it is eaten with the people we love. I'm not advocating a return to the family scene of my childhood ; such environments were often indicative of poverty and social backwardness. And going back to the old days would force women back into the kitchen. But we can find ideas in the past that we might apply in our increasingly complex society,and so ensure a serene future for ourselves and the earth.Food is central to our lives. It would be wrong to turn it into nothing more than a fuel enabling us to move faster, hence accelerating the consumption of the earth and its resources. In fact, it would be the worst mistake we could ever make.81, We can learn from the beginning of the passageA. women were not willing to go out for work in the past.B. families ate lunch at a fixed time at home.C. most of the vegetables people ate were produced by themselves.D. foods sold in the grocer's shop were rare and fresh.82. "out-and-out" in Paragraph Two meansA. complete.B. successful.C.controversial.D. futile.83. Which of the following statements about changes that took place after 1960s is INCORRECT?A. There were more supermarkets and food was cheap.B. Women were freed from house chores and began to work.C.Home-baked cakes and handmade pasta disappeared.D.Traditional produce was threatened due to environmental pollution.84. We can learn from Paragraph 5 thatA.the author felt disappointed at the food production revolution.B. food is most delicious when it is fresh and homemade.C. the author would rather go back to his childhood.D. applying ideas in the past to modern society would do us good.85. The main purpose of the passage isA. to describe the Italian tradition.B. to explain the needs of modern food processing.C.to raise concern about sustainable food-producing.D. to persuade parents to make more homemade food.TEXT BThe Internet,E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible.In the future,capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships,contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States.Surprisingly,virtually everyone has said,"No, quite contrary." The very people responsiblefor ushering in what some have called a "technological renaissance"say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient,and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends--not to mention strangers. And what's more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they areso aggressively championing.The techno gurus (领袖) promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest toenclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection,making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity,pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each other's electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time- saver,Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. ff this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency,then we risk losing something even precious than time--our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.86. According to the passage, corporate executives think thatA.technology renaissance should be pushed forward.B. technology has a profound impact on their lives.C. technology actually results in a decline in their life quality.D.technology should be aggressively championed.87. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Technology was supposed to free people.B. The .corn generation became slaves of technology.C. New technologies occupy much of our time.D. It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.88. What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?A.Technological wonders.B. Access to information.C. Time.D. Time saving devices.89. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied thatA.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technology.B. the .com generation was less civil than the earliergenerations.C. the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civility.D.technology might make people less impatient.90. An appropriate title for the passage might beA. The New Internet Life.B. The Drawbacks of too Much Access.C.The Failure of Technological Renaissance.D. The Declining Quality of Life.TEXT CIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may beon his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters."My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not."But it is," returned she ; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she'told me all about it."Mr. Bennet made no answer."Do you not want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently."You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it."This was invitation enough."Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England ; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it, that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately ; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.""What is his name?""Bingley.""Is he married or single?""Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune ; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls! ""How so? How can it affect them?""My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.""Is that his design in settling here?""Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likelythat he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you mustvisit him as soon as he comes.""I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley may like you the best of the party."91. The sentence "... a single man in possession of a goodfortune must be in want of a wife" means thatA. a single man who is financially stable needs a wife.B. a single man without money needn't a wife.C. women want to get married to financial stable men.D. once man becomes rich, he must want to get a wife.92. According to the passage, the young man, Mr. Bingley, is believed to have all the following characteristics EXCEPTA. rich.B. gentle.C. single.D. generous.93. From the conversation between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, we can conclude that Mrs. BennetA.wanted to tell her husband something about their new neighbor.B. wanted to get acquainted with their new neighbor.C. wanted to persuade her husband to see the young man.D. asked her husband's permission to visit the new neighbor.94. At the end of the passage, Mr. Bennet sounded __ toward his wife's proposal.A. hostileB.indifferentC. delightedD. annoyed95. What is the tone of the passage?A. Satirical.B. Humorous.C. Critical.D. Unclear.TEXT DWithin that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries--from Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn--few can rival the cultural impact of Sherlock Holmes.Since his first public appearance 20 years ago, the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise,has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books.At Holmes' side, of course, was his trusted friend Dr. Watson. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his。

11年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试全真预测试卷11年6⽉英语四级考试全真预测试卷：听⼒ Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11.[A]Wait for the sale to start. [B]Get further information about the sale. [C]Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true. [D]Buy a new suit. 12.[A]He doesn’t think that John is ill. [B]He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health. [C]He is aware that John is ill. [D]He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics. 13.[A]Before six.[B]At six.[C]After six.[D]After seven. 14.[A]It is bigger.[B]It has a prettier color. [C]It has a larger yard.[D]It is brighter. 15.[A]Australian and American.[B]Guest and host. [C]Husband and wife.[D]Professor and student. 16.[A]1∶30.[B]11∶00.[C]9∶30.[D]10∶00. 17.[A]He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late. [B]He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel. [C]He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous. [D]He prefers traveling with the woman. 18.[A]He thinks she should visit her cousin. [B]Her cousin doesn’t visit very often. [C]Her cousin is feeling a lot better today. [D]He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19.[A]Two different types of bones in the human body. [B]How bones help the body move. [C]How bones continuously repair themselves. [D]The chemical composition of human bones. 20.[A]They defend the bone against viruses. [B]They prevent oxygen from entering the bone. [C]They break down bone tissue. [D]They connect the bone to muscle tissue. 21.[A]They have difficulty identifying these cells. [B]They aren’t sure how these cells work. [C]They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells. [D]They’ve found similar cells in other species. 22.[A]To learn how to prevent a bone disease. [B]To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue. [C]To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved. [D]To create artificial bone tissue. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23.[A]A new fuel for buses. [B]The causes of air pollution. [C]A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses. [D]Careers in environmental engineering. 24.[A]Her car is being repaired. [B]She wants to help reduce pollution. [C]Parking is difficult in the city. [D]The cost of fuel has increased. 25.[A]A fuel that burns cleanly. [B]An oil additive that helps cool engines. [C]A material from which filters are made. [D]An insulating material sprayed on engine parts. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26.[A]From three to five months.[B]Three months. [C]Five months.[D]Four months. 27.[A]Watch traffic.[B]Obey commands. [C]Cross streets safely.[D]Guard the door. 28.[A]Three weeks. [B]Two weeks. [C]Four weeks. [D]Five weeks. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29.[A]Two to four times.[B]Four to six times. [C]Four to eight times.[D]Six to ten times. 30.[A]Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly. [B]People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills. [C]People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills. [D]Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep. 31.[A]People dream so as to sleep better. [B]People dream in order not to go into REM sleep. [C]Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams. [D]Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32.[A]A sales representative.[B]A store manager. [C]A committee chairperson.[D]A class president. 33.[A]To determine who will graduate this year. [B]To discuss the seating arrangement. [C]To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies. [D]To begin planning the graduation ceremonies. 34.[A]Their names, phone numbers and job preference. [B]The names and addresses of their guests. [C]The names of the committee they worked on last year. [D]Their dormitory name, address and phone number. 35.[A]In an hour.[B]Next week. [C]In one month.[D]Next year. Part III Listening Comprehension Section A 11.W∶ I just saw an ad. on television that said men’s suits were on sales today and tomorrow at Conrad’s Men’s Wear. M∶Great! That’s just what I’ve been waiting for. Q∶What will the man probably do? 【解析】[D]男⼠说男⼠套装的特价销售正是他⼀直等待着的。

2011年大学英语四级模拟测试一参考答案Part I Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Suitable Physical Exercise is Good to People. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 适当的体育锻炼，能使人精力充沛。

2. 能使人减肥；增强血液循环。

3. 能使人的大脑可以适当地休息。

Suitable Physical Exercise is Good toPeopleFor thousands of years, physical activity has been associated with health. Today, science has confirmed the link, with overwhelming evidence that people who lead active lifestyles are less likely to die early, or to experience major illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes （糖尿病） and cancer. Briefly, suitable physical exercises is good to people in many ways.Topping the list, by doing suitable physical exercise, we can feel energeticand vigorous in working and studying.This is because exercise benefits every part of the body, including the mind. Exercising causes the body to produce endorphins（内啡肽）, chemicals that lead a person to feel peaceful and happy. / (Plus, exercise can give people a real sense of accomplishment and pride at having achieved a certain goal - like beating an old time in the 100-meter dash.)Besides, physical exercise can help a person lose weight and increase the circulation of the blood. We all know exercise is one of the most important parts of keeping your body at a healthy weight. People who exercise burn calories and look more toned than those who don’t. When you exercise, you burn food calories as fuel. If a person eats more calories than he or she burns, the body stores them away as fat. Exercise can help burn these stored calories. In the same time,physical exercise help us stimulate the circulation of blood and speed up the excretion（排泄） of the wastes in our bodies.What’s more, doing physical exercise can also make our minds sound and take our minds off work or study, and thus our minds get relaxed. Exercise can help some people sleep better. It can also help with mental health issues such as mild depression.Since suitable physical exercise can make us healthy both in body and in mind, we should go in for sports every day no matter how busy we are, such as jogging, swimming, skating and so on. Do remember the old saying: Good health is the best wealth.Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）(10%)1-7. CDDACCA8. bipolar illness9. responsibility10. tremendous pressurePart III Listening Comprehension (35%) Section A ( 15%)11. B) 12. A) 13. C) 14. D) 15. A) 16. A) 17. B) 18. D)Conversation One19. A) 20. B) 21. C) 22. A) Conversation Two23. B) 24. C) 25. C)Section B (10%)Passage One26. B) 27. A) 28. D) 29. A)Passage Two30. B) 31. C) 32. D)Passage Three33. D) 34. B) 35. A)Section C （10%）36. common 37. understanding38. value 39. traditionally40. additional 41. Modern42. purpose 43. similar44. Usually each group was studying thesame thing, so the word “college”came to mean one area of study45. They were seen as different from subjects that were considered more useful in everyday life46. The first American universitiesdivided their studies into many areasand called each one a collegePart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25%)Section A (5%)47-56 B F K I A N L H D ESection B (20%)57-61 B B D D C 62-66 D B A C A Part V Cloze (10%)67-71 DACBA 72-76 CDBAC 77-81 BADCB 82-86 ACBDDPart VI Translation (5%)87：is measured by how much they can loan88：(that/which) they haven’t found solution to 或to which they haven’t found solution89：What impressed the tourists most 90：without the distinct environment of the earth91：may feel lonely when they are away from home听力原文College English Test Band FourModel Test OnePart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: I’m sick of being a salaried employee. Why don’t we pool our savings and start ourown business?M: Great idea! If we pool our knowledge and talent, we’ll succeed in any venture.Q: What might the two speakers do?12. W: I firmly believe those who kill time will only end up with time killing them.M: Well said. If one loafs around without being serious in doing things, nothing great will come to them.Q: What point are the speakers making?13. W: The clerk said that we had to wait until after lunch to pick up the papers.M: But what are we going to do to kill time before then?Q: What does the man mean?14. M: How do you balance work and study at the same time?W: My classes are at night and I work during the day.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: Do you believe that Jack came out of the accident alive?M: It’s surprising. The car crashed into the wall and was completely damaged.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?16. W: How do you find your new English teacher?M: Very nice. What I like best about her is that she never takes offense. She answers all our questions very patiently, no matter how many times they’ve been asked.Q: What does the man like best about his new English teacher?17. M: Excuse me. I’m looking for this book. It’s in the list of titles but I couldn’t findit on the shelf.W: Let me see. Oh, it’s been checked out. It’s due on June 26. If you want us to reserve it for you, please fill out this card.Q: Why can’t the man find the book he wants?l8. W: Why do the Japanese have such a long life expectancy?M: I don’t understand. So many of them smoke, and they have a stressful work environment.It must be their healthy diet. Hey! Let’s go out for sushi!Q: What does the man suppose contributes to the Japanese long life expectancy?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneW: John, have you chosen a physical education class yet for this semester?M: No. Why?W: You’ve got to take rock-climbing. We just had the first class and it looks like it’s going to be great.M: You think I should take rock-climbing? You’ve got to be kidding. Besides, how can they teach rock-climbing when it’s completely flat around here?W: That’s not important. You can’t just start climbing without any training. You have to get in shape, learn how to use the ropes, the belts, the buckles —there’s a lot of preparation first.M: You don’t think it’s just a little bit dangerous?W: Not if you know how to use the safety equipment, which is, by the way, pretty hi-tech. The ropes are made of elastic fabrics that stretch a little; the shoes have special plastic.You have to learn how to use all these before you do any real climbing.M: Well, what’s the appeal? We’ll spend the whole semester studying something we don’t actually get to do?W: We will take a climbing trip during spring break. But that’s not the point. Climbing is not the only goal. In preparing to climb you learn patience, mental discipline and you gain fantastic physical strength, especially in your hands. For the f irst few weeks we’re going to concentrate entirely on hand and upper body exercise.M: All that in one sport? Maybe you are right. Since it’s not too late to join the class, maybeI will.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What can we learn from the conversation?20. Why does the woman say it’s not dangerous to do rock-climbing?21. What is one of the reasons why the woman is interested in rock-climbing?22. What will the man probably do after the conversation?Conversation TwoM: Cindy, what is happiness in your mind?W: Why ask? It’s a difficult question. Different people may have different understanding ofhappiness.M: You said it. But that is the assignment from my psychology professor.W: Well, in my mind, happiness is supposed to be just a state of mind, not so closely related to material life.M: OK. A state of mind. Anything else?W: People ought to value what they already have got. They shouldn’t always feel sorry for what they can’t have.M: Yes, I agree. But many people often get used to what they have and don’t cherish them any more.W: You are right. Maybe people can’t be very happy by only staying at one place or staying still at one condition. I mean, if people get what they dream about, or they do better than they expected, they feel happy. And...M: Hold it a second. I need to write what you have said down. Get what they dream about…, better than expected. All right. That’s very helpful. Now, let’s talk about what kind of specific things or condition that can make people feel happy. Take you for example.W: Well, I said that I didn’t mind material things a lot. But if I get some gifts very carefully chosen or made by my beloved relatives or friends, even though they may not be expensive,I would still be very happy.M: So do I. Do you feel this kind of happiness last long?W: Of course, whenever I take out the things and look at them, I know there are people who care about me and love me. My heart will be full of happiness.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What is Cindy’s opinion on happiness?24. According to the man, why cannot some people feel much happiness?25. What kind of gifts will make Cindy feel happy?Section BPassage OneScience can’t explain the power o f pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners — while they performed 5 minutes of mental calculation or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs;a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lostabout 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall — mostly with their dogs — and found it worth doing.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?27. When does a person with heart disease have a better chance of getting well?28. According to Allen, why did people do better with pets around when doing stressful tasks?29. What does researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital mention in the passage?Passage TwoThe engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.Camillo’s son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and the calculators. In 1959 it produced the ELLA computer system. This was the first mainframe computer designed and made in Italy.After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon i t became one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group — one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and services, and two for telecommunications.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What do we learn from the passage?31. What was probably the reason for Olivetti’s falling behind in electronic technology?32. What do we know about today’s Olivet ti from the passage?Passage ThreeI grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves; most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction. As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter — the volume of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What can we learn about the speaker as a child?34. What effect does reading fiction have on the speaker?35. Which can be the best title for this passage?Section CToday we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in (36) common. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater (37) understanding of the world and its past. And they help students learn to (38) value the arts and sciences.Students who attend either a college or a university (39) traditionally take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer (40) additional study programs or support research projects.Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students.(41) Modern universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university” came from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common (42) purpose.“College” came from a Latin word with a (43) similar meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. (44) Usually each group was studying the same thing, so the word “college” came to mean one area of study.Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a person’s mind. (45) They were seen as different from subjects that were considered more useful in everyday life.Another meaning of “college” is a part of a university. (46) The first American universities divided their studies into many areas and called each one a college. This is still true.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语全真模拟试题（四）本试卷分为第一卷和第二卷两部分。

满分120分, 考试时间为120分钟。

第I卷 (选择题，共85分)第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How old is the woman‟s bicycle p ossibly?A. Three years old.B. Four years old.C. Five years old.2. Where did the conversation probably take place?A. At a restaurant.B. At the hospital.C. At a theatre.3. What does the woman imply?A. She‟s watched the ma tch.B. She will have a rest tonight.C. She won‟t go watch the match and she will prepare for her chemistry test.4. How long will they have to wait before the film starts?A. 20 minutes.B. 15 minutes.C. 10 minutes.5. What does the woman mean?A. The man‟s question is rather silly.B. The sign says the elevator is going up.C. The sign says the elevator is down.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2011最新大学英语四级模拟第4期及答案Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热2.大学生考证的利弊3.考证面前，我的选择The Popularity of Getting Certificates on CampusPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Main Energies for the BodyA balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced diet should be made from carbohydrates. If eaten in an excess of the dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells.Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release energy for active transport, macromolecule synthesis, cell division and muscle contraction. Carbohydrates are digested in the duodenum and ileum and absorbed as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source.ProteinsProtein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and repair of body tissues while remaining an energy source as a last resort. Proteins fulfill a wide variety of roles in the body. They are broken down in the stomach and intestines toamino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized into proteins which can be structural, i.e. collagen in bone, keratin in hair, myosin and actin in muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones.Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will not be present either. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine and methionine is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino acids for cells to draw on, any amino acid in excess of immediate bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down.If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the lack of protein in the blood. The body cannot retain water by osmosis and fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged.Vitamin CategoriesVitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently.Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which are ingested with fatty foods and water soluble v itamins such as the B group vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins are known as micronutrients because only small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A can be considered toxic. Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet.Vitamins AVitamin A is essential to the proper functioning of the retina in the eye and the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion oflubricating tears is stopped, the eyelids become swollen and sticky with pus. Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vit amin A into a pigment, rhodopsin, which is bleached when light enters the eye. Rod cells resynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut.Xenophthalmia is common among children who's diets consist of mainly cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.Vitamins DVitamin D, or calciferol, is another fat soluble steroid v itamin which functions to stimulate calcium uptake from the gut and its deposition in bone. vitamin D acts as a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium. vitamin D is therefore essential in growing children's diets to enable the growth of strong bones. Without adequate amounts of vitamin D children can develop rickets, which is the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture.Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.Vitamins KVitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.Vitamins CVitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of v itamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys whenthey did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.Vitamins BB group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________.A. the cellB. the respiring process of carbohydratesC. fats in the cellD. a balanced diet2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______.A. digestionB. respirationC. oxidizationD. mobilization3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtainedfrom______.A. stomachB. body tissuesC. the bodyD. the diet4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________.A. proteinB. carbohydratesC. vitaminsD. diet5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients” in that _________.A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urineB. the body only requires small amount of vitaminsC. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxicD. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________.A. fat soluble v itaminsB. water soluble vitaminsC. vitamin AD. innate disability7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________.A. the growth of strong bonesB. fractureC. a progressive softening of the bonesD. calcium uptake from the gut8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________.9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives__________ out of the body.10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He thinks he’s very organized.B) He doesn’t want to join the display.C) He doesn’t think he should lead the study group.D) He knows someone who can lead the study group.12. A) He doesn’t know where his brother keeps his computer.B) The woman should buy a used computer.C) He doesn’t know how much computers cost.D) His brother paid too much for the computer.13. A) It’s been to warm to wear the jacket.B) The jacket is too big for him.C) He doesn’t like cold weather.D) He didn’t buy the jacket until cooler weather arrived.14. A) He started the semester in a bad mood.B) He’s not usually bad-tempered.C) He has few responsibilities.D) He doesn’t like the man.15. A) He forgot to cancel the reservation.B) They can go to the restaurant after the woman has finished working.C) He has to work late tonight.D) They don’t have a reservation at the restaurant.16. A) Use bleach on his socks.B) Buy new white socks.C) Wash his red T-shirt again.D) Throw away his pink socks.17. A) He isn’t satisfied with his progress.B) He wants to move up more quickly than he’s presently doing.C) He has advance quickly enough in his career.D) He feels frustrated as he tries to move up the ladder.18. A) Try on a smaller sweater.B) Look for another style at a different store.C) Give the sweater away as a gift.D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She's unable to attend the study session.B) She has seen a doctor recently.C) She's concerned about medical care.D) She mentions the need for some medical tests.20. A) To improve the study skills of university students.B) To suggest changes in the student government.C) To give people the opportunity to speak with a politician.D) To discuss graduation requirements for political science majors.21. A) Graduate school application procedures.B) Funding for university education.C) Winning the confidence of voters.D) Preparing for an important test.22. A) Tell her what to study for the history test.B) Write a favorable letter of recommendation.C) Advise her about how to run an election campaign.D) Suggest a topic for a research paper.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Boston schools.B) Frontier life.C) Teaching requirements.D) Immigration patterns.24. A) She was a famous author.B) Her family later became famous landowners.C) She exemplifies the immigrant spirit.D) She invented some labor-saving farm equipment.25. A) To the library.B) To the movies.C) To a bookstore.D) To a travel bureau.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They were drawing pictures. B) They were watching TV.C) They were making a telephone call. D) They were tidying up the drawing room.27. A) They locked the couple up in the drawing room.B) They seriously injured the owners of the house.C) They smashed the TV set and the telephone.D) They took away sixteen valuable paintings.28. A) He accused them of the theft.B) He raised the rents.C) He refused to prolong their land lease.D) He forced them to abandon their traditions.29. A) They wanted to protect the farmers’ interests.B) They wanted to extend the reservation area for birds.C) They wanted to steal his valuable paintings.D) They wanted to drive him away from the island.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Through food. B) Through air.C) Through insects. D) Through body fluids.31. A) They ran a high fever. B) They died from excessive bleeding.C) Their nervous system was damaged. D) They suffered from heart-attack.32. A) To see what happened to the survivors of the outbreak.B) To study animals that can also get infected with the disease.C) To find out where the virus originates.D) To look for the plants that could cure the disease.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) To determine whether the Earth’s temperature is going up.B) To study the behavior of some sea animals.C) To measure the depths of the ocean.D) To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.34. A) They were frightened and distressed.B) They swam away when the speaker was turned on.C) They swam closer to “examine” the speaker when it was turned off.D) They didn’t seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.35. A) To attract more sea animals to the testing site.B) To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.C) To help trace the sea animals being tested.D) To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the __47__ mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giv ing a presentation at work or play ing sports, can enhance your __48__. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are __49__ to our ability to learn and rem ember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology __50__ at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a built-in therapist,” says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams __51__ new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in m y dream? I haven’t seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are __52__ related.” It’s the job of the conscious mindto figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients __53__ traumatic (创伤的) life events. In a new study of 30 recently __54__ adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and __55__ with the divorce.” For therapists, this finding will help __56__ whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.A. dealB. physicallyC. wakeD. performanceE. makingF. undergoingG. experienceH. divorcedI. determineJ. compareK. departmentL. consciousM. presentationN. linkedO. emotionallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper (给…换尿布) their firstborn son. “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to him and smile a little.” The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologist now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, theseexperts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry (模糊的) shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a more nine minutes out, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony (同时发生) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.57. The author points out that the father diapering his first-born son was wrong because________.A) he believed the baby was not able to hear himB) he thought the baby didn’t have the power of speec hC) he was a psychologist unworthy of his professionD) he thought the baby was not capable of any response58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A) A new infant can see only blurry shadows.B) A new infant’s senses are u ndevelopedC) All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.D) A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment59. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty” probably mean?A) The newborn is greedy for new food.B) The newborn tends to overeat.C) The newborn always loves things that are new to him.D) The newborn’s appetite is a constant topic in novels.60. According to the passage, it’s groundless to think that newbornsprefer________.A) a human face to a head-shaped outlineB) animate things to inanimate onesC) human voice to non-human soundsD) nourishment to a warm bassinet61. What is the passage mainly discussing about?A) What people know about newborns.B) How wrong parents are when they handle their babies.C) How much newborns have progressed in about a decade’s time.D) Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Mobile office is the mutual product of economic，scientific，and social progress.Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime, can send and receive data via terminals such as mobile phone, and palm computer, and can surf the Internet.When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business，what would happen to your business routine?Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carry ing relevant documents, what can you do?Maybe you have to say “sorry” to the clients. But, your business will be affected，the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay，and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move” with you. With the development of communications technology, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better workingenvironment, and users’ liv ing standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises’ production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答62. According to the passage, mobile office help you with the following except ________ .A) keeping update with the latest newsB) checking e-mails any time one wantsC) conducting internet surfingD) finding o ne’s true love in life63. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?A) You would lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work.B) You should read and reply faxes and e-mail timely.C) When you leave your office your business routine might be damaged.D) When you cannot meet the need of your clients you should immediately say sorry.64. When you let your office “move” with you, you __________ .A) will never let your clients downB) yo u don’t have to stay at office anymoreC) you then find the best way to handle your business anywhere anytimeD) you no longer face the dilemma between work and life65. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .A) mobile office communication is very cost-consumingB) with the development of science, mobile office has eventually come to our lifeC) people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty beforeD) economic factors are essential in the operation of mobile office66. According to the author, mobile office _________ .A) would help achieve complete communication mobilityB) is too expensive to afford by small companiesC) has some fatal defects impossible to modifyD) is too complicated to operate in everyday businessPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choosethe ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they have to read all kinds of materials. In _67_a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend _68_can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _69_readers.Most of us develop poor reading _70_at an early age, and never get over them.The main deficiency _71_in the actual component of language itself-words. Take individually, words have _72_meaning until they are put together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs._73_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often turning back to _74_words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over _75_you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which _76_down the speed of reading is vocalization-sounding each word wither orally or mentally when a _77_reads.To overcome these bad habits some reading clinics use a device called an _78_, which moves a bar (or a curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate _79_the r eader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, _80_word-by-word reading, regression and vocalization, practically impossible.At first _81_is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, _82_your comprehension will improve.Many people, business managers, executives and engineers, have found_83_reading skill improved dramatically after some training. _84_John Muir, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 182 words a minute_85_the training, now it is an excellent 1, 378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can _86_a lot more reading.67. A) apply ing B) doingC) offering D) getting68. A) quickly B) easilyC) roughly D) decidedly69. A) good B) curiousC) poor D) urgent70. A) training B) habitsC) situations D) custom71. A) lies B) combines。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic ofReuse of Textbooks in Schools. You should writeat least120words following the outline given below.1. 目前有些中小学开始循环使用课本，好处是…2. 也可能会产生一些问题3. 我对此的看法Reuse of Textbooks in SchoolsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7’ choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Tell-All Generation Learns to Keep Things OfflineMin Liu, a 21-year-old liberal arts student at the New School in New York City, got a Facebook account at 17 and recorded her college life in detail, from rooftop drinks with friends to dancing at a downtown club. Recently, though, she has had second thoughts.Concerned about her career prospects, she asked a friend to take down a photograph of her drinking and wearing a tight dress. When the woman overseeing herinternship(实习）askedto join her Faceboo k circle, Ms. Liu agreed, but limited access to her Facebook page. “I want people to take me seriously," she said.The conventional wisdom suggests that everyone under 30 is comfortable revealing every aspect of their lives online, from their favorite pizza to most frequent sexual partners. But many members of the tell-all generation are rethinking what it means to live out loud.While participation in social networks is still strong, a survey released last month by the University of California, Berkeley, found that more than half the young adults questioned had become more concerned about privacy than they were five years ago — mirroring the number of people their parent's age or older with that worry.They are morediligent(勤奋的）than older adults, however, in trying to protect themselves. In a new study to be released this month, the Pew Internet Project has found that people in their 20s exert more control over their digital reputations than older adults, more vigorously deleting unwanted posts and limiting information about themselves. “Social networking requires watchfldness, not only in what youpost, but what your friends post about you," said Mary Madden, a senior research specialist who oversaw the study by Pew, which examines online behavior. "Now you are responsible for everything."Theerosion(侵蚀）of privacy has become a pressing issue among active users of social networks. Last week, Facebook scrambled to fix a security breach that allowed users to see their friends' supposedly private information, including personal chats.Sam Jackson, a junior at Yale who started a blog when he was 15 and who has been an intern at Google, said he had learned not to trust any social network to keep his information private. "If I go back and look, there are things four years ago I would not say today," he said. "I am much moreself censoring (自检I'll try to be honest and forthright, but I am conscious now who I am talking to." He has learned to live out loud mostly by trial and error and has come up with his own theory: concentric layers of sharing.His Facebook account, which he has had since 2005, is strictly personal. "I don't want people to know what my movie rentals are," he said. “If I am sharing something, I want to know what's being shared with others."Mistrust of the intentions of social sites appears to exist everywhere. In its telephone survey of 1,000 people, the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology at the University of California found that 88 percent of the 18- to 24-year-olds it surveyed last July said there should be a law that requires Web sites to delete stored information. And 62 percent said they wanted a law that gave people the right to know everything a Web site knows about them.That mistrust is translating into action. In the Pew study, to be released shortly, researchers interviewed 2,253 adults late last summer and found that people aged 18 to 29 were more apt to monitor privacy settings than older adults are, and they more often delete comments or remove their names from photos so they cannot be identified. Younger teenagers were not included in these studies, and they may not have the same privacy concerns. But anecdotal evidence suggests that many of them have not had enough experience to understand the downside to oversharing.Elliot Schrage, who oversees Facebook's global communications and public policy strategy, said it was a good thing that young people are thinking about what they put online. “We are not forcing anyone to use it," he said of Facebook. But at the same time, companies like Facebook have a financialincentive (刺激）to get friends to share as much as possible. That's because the more personal the information that Facebook collects, the more valuable the site is to advertisers, who can mine it to serve up more targeted ads.Two weeks ago，Senator Charles E. Schumer, Democrat of New York,petitioned(请求）the Federal Trade Commission to review the privacy policies of social networks to make sure consumers are not being deliberately confused or misled. The action was sparked by a recent change to Facebook's settings that forced its more than 400 million users to choose to "opt out" of sharing private information with third- party Web sites instead of "opt in," a move which confounded many of them. Mr. Schrage of Facebook said, “We try diligen tly to get people to understand the changes." But in many cases, young adults are teaching one another about privacy.Ms. Liu is not just policing her own behavior, but her sister's, too. Ms. Liu sent a text message to her 17-year-old sibling warning her to take down a photo of a guy sitting on her sister's lap. Why? Her sister wants to audition for "Glee" and Ms. Liu didn't want the show's producers to see it. Besides, what if her sister became a celebrity? "It brings to mind an image where if you became famous anyone could pull up a picture and send it to TMZ," Ms. Liu said.Andrew Klemperer, a 20-year-old at Georgetown University, said it was a classmate who warned him about the implications of the recent Facebook change — through a status update on (where else?) Facebook. Now he is more diligent in monitOTing privacy settings and apt to warn others, too.Helen Nissenbaum, a professor of culture, media and communication at New York University and author of "Privacy in Context," a book about information sharing in the digital age, said teenagers were naturally protective of their privacy as theynavigate(行走）the path to adulthood, and the frequency with which companies change privacy rules has taught them to be watchful.That was the experience of Kanupriya Tewari, a 19-year-old pre-med student at Tufts University. Recently she sought to limit the information a friend could see on Facebook but found the process cumbersome. “I spent like an hour trying to figure out how to limit my profile, and I couldn't," sh esaid. She gave up because she had chemistry homework to do, but vowed to figure it out after finals. “I don't think they would look out for me，’’she said. “I have to look out for me."1. Why did Min Liu ask a friend to delete a picture about her?[A] Her friend violated her privacy. [B] She's afraid that it may affect her job.[C] Her boss was angry at the picture. [D] She wanted to post it on her own blog.2. What's the generally accepted opinion about people under 30 in America?[A] They are more sexually open. [B] They think about what they post online.[C] They share everything of their lives online. [D] They are eager to win respect from others.3. A study of the Pew Internet Project shows that compared with older adults, young adults today[A] pay less attention to privacy [B] act more in protecting their privacy[C] care less about digital reputation [D] are more honest and straightforward4. What is said about Sam Jackson, an intern at Google, in the passage?[A] He made a number of mistakes four years ago.[B] He decided not to talk with strangers online.[C] He was not honest when he chatted online before.[D] He doubted social sites in protecting his privacy.5. What does the survey of the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology reveal?[A] Most young adults question why social sites store their information.[B] Mistrust of social sites has spread from young adults to older users.[C] Old users tend to delete comments more than younger users.[D] More social sites inform users before collecting their information.6. Different from people aged 18 to 29，younger teenagers_______ •[A] seldom suffer from private information leakage[B] are very active participating in social networks[C] learn earlier to protect their private information[D] haven't learned the negative part of living out loud7. According to the passage, the oversharing personal information collected by Facebook actually[A] is discouraged by Facebook's executives[B] enhances communication between friends[C] brings the company advertisement incomes[D] is achieved through financial rewards to users8. The Federal Trade Commission was asked to examine privacy policies to stop websites'9. Georgetown University student Andrew Klemperer now watches closely_________________________________ of Facebook.10. According to Helen Nissenbaum，if social sites change privacy policies quite often, teenagers will learn to be________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During thepause，you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] Professor's lecture is borkig but crucial.[B] It's not necessary for the man to attend the lecture.[C] The man should have been more attentive in the lecture.[D] Professor's lecture has nothing to do with the final exam.12. [A] He'd better submit his resume at once. [B] Not all applicants will be interviewed. [C]She does need his help for the moment. [D] There might not be any interview at all.13. [A] The man wants to be a business manager.[B] The woman is working in a kindergarten.[C] The woman is not happy with the man's decision.[D] The man will go in for business right after high school.14. [A] Lend her his hiking shoes. [B] Be more flexible. [C] Lend her hisgym shoes. [D] Take more exercise.15. [A] The woman paid only $120 on her books.[B] Joanna saves a lot of money on textbooks.[C] The man doesn't think textbooks are expensive.B] He should quit his job as soon as possible.D] He should be more positive toward his work.B] He believes the woman is not serious.D] He thinks dining at Hilton is not worthwhile.B] He has a charming personality.D] There were so many applicants.n you have just heard.B] She will travel in the downtown.D] She will do the teaching job.B] They can not pass the examination.D] They can not catch up with the lessons.B] She finishes her examinations first.D] She affords more time to the tutoring.[D] Many students find useful books in the bookstore.16. [A]He should try a different field of work. [C] He should find a more promising position,17. [A] He doesn't enjoy the dishes at Hilton. [C] He isn't familiar with the way to Hilton.18. [A] He has no experience at all. [C] He is so lucky that he got the job.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversatio19. [A] She will take some lessons. [C] She will attend the party.20. [A] They can not find a good math teacher. [C] They can not meet the requirements.21. [A] She asks for a leave from her professor. [C] She only gives the lessons on weekend.22. [A] She needs more efforts to help the students.[B] She has made some encouraging achievements.[C] She is lack of time for teaching.[D] She can do nothing to help the students.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] A college degree. [B] Good credit record.[C] Living in the college. [D] An age of at least 18 years.24. [A] Free. [B] 18 pounds per year. [C] 25 poundsper year. [D] 125 pounds per year.25. [A] You will get a fine. [B] You will be given a booklet.[C] You cannot borrow any item. [D] Your rights of borrowing will be canceled Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you mil hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After ？ou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], r B], [C] and[DJ. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2with a single line /trough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] It keeps readers away from the PC.[B] It helps a lot with environment protection.[C] It costs less than buying traditional newspapers.[D] It will become the best means of advertisements. 11. [A] It offers 24-hour newspaper service.[B] It is only sold on Amazon's website in US.[C] It is a portable e-newspaper reading device.[D] It can be rented at $ 5.99 to $14.99 monthly.28. [A] The e-newspapers don't contain pictures.[B] It only offers headlines and tops of articles.[C] Its black-and-white screen isn't big enough.[D] The pages don't appeal to the readers much.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] Ambitious but sensible. [B] Ambitious and unrealistic.[C] Expecting the child to be a genius. [D] Setting a super high standard for the child.50. [A] He knows very little about music.[B] He is a member of a large orchestra.[C] He wants Michael to be a great trumpet player.[D] He never makes Michael enter music competition. 11. [A] Both of them are successful educators.[B] They are happy even when Winston does not win.[C] They want Winston to be a successful musician.[D] They fail to enter Winston in many piano competitions. 2. [A] He does not like to play piano.He has to attend many piano lessons.He has to enter every piano competition.He is afraid of disappointing his parents.Passage Threequestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have justheard. ?. [A] It will always be very profitable.[B] It's easier and cheaper than ever before.[C] The moneymakers will get you off the ground.[D] It requires very little knowledge in management.[A] A magazine, an idea and a laptop.[B] A friend, an idea and good knowledge of Internet.[C] Some knowledge about business, an idea and $10,000.[D] An idea, a little knowledge about Internet and $10,000.35. [A] It develops modestly but steadily.[B] There is a lot of free stuff on Tayman's website.[C] It began to show signs of failure within months.[D] Its capacity is approximately 10,000 visits each week.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secona time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Internet data shows that younger adults have become the primary audienceobsessed(着迷)with altering their personal appearance. The recent (36)_____________ death of Stephanie Kuleba, an18-year-old high school cheerleader who died as a (37)______________ of a plastic surgery, broughlour attention to the (38)___________ of a more "ideal" body amongst teenagers. In fact, search data(39)__________ this phenomenon. One of the most (40)_____________ sites visited from the searchterm "plastic surgery" is the official site of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Over 25% oi visitors to the site fell within the 18- to 24-year-old~~that's up from 19.6% two years ago. Plastic (41)___________ has become an American obsession. Checking other markets, such as the United Kingdom and Australia, the 18- to 24-year-old fascination with plastic surgery is a (42〕_________ U.S. phenomenon.Looking at other health-related sites visited by 18- to 24-year-olds (43)_______________ just how obsessed this age group is with appearance. Unlike the older groups who visit sites related tc diseases and keeping healthy, (44)_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ’ such as those focused on bodybuilding, weight loss ancskincare. And definitely plastic surgery.While surgery-themed television may be driving the interest of a younger audience, (45)_________ the failing US economy. If we track the trend in searches on topics such as "plastic surgery", (46 ______ . In fact, if we look at the search patterns around popular surgeries, over the last year the tern"cost" appear most commonly.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes Section ADirections:In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wor for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passag through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a lette Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throug the centre. You may not use any of thewords inthe bank more thanonce. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve theirmorale(士气).Thai where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 47 . The theory that a trust-building game，a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocola bingo(宾果游戏）一yes, it exists ——will help 48 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourageeveryone to work harder and better together.Yes，promoting teamwork is 49 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But，too often, formal team-building programs 50 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 51 in bad climate. The 52 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale，several experts said, is understanding what 53 to your workers.Curbing executiveperks(津贝占）and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale，according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 54 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry's top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask for financial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 55 worker is pa id, that is ridiculous，，，ProfessorSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [DJ. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was fifty-two percent more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was twenty-five percent more likely to do the same.Earlier findings showed that happiness, obesity and the ability to stop smoking can also spread like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then，more tests have )een added, including measures of loneliness and depression.The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham ieart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends.For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness preads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found liat loneliness spreads more easily among women than men.Researchers from the University of Chicago，Harvard and the University of California, San )iego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in theJournal of Personality and Social Psychology. The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study )und that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease meliness by about five percent, or two and a half days.Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends一and more likely that society will reject them.John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier" against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.57. According to the passage，what can also spread among people besides loneliness? [A]Friendship.[B] Happiness.[C] Depression. [D] Smoking.58. What does the author say about the Framingham Heart Study starting from 1948?[A] It expanded its research topics.[B] It involved 5,000 patients of depression.[C] It identified loneliness as one key factor for heart disease.[D] It examined the relationship between loneliness and depression.59. According to the passage, the spread of loneliness_______ .[A] leads to a gradual loss of friends [B] is a common phenomenon among women[C] is often found in the neighborhood [D] ruins the relationships between close friends60. John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago suggests that loneliness can________ .[A] result in aggressiveness [B] cause people to be overprotective[C] affect social networks [D] push people to the verge of poverty61. What is the main idea of the passage?[A] Loneliness can spread. [B] Loneliness is linked to depression.[C] Lonely people tend to grow fat. [D] Lonely people need more friends.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. "Starting this fall with higl school math and science，we will be the first state in the nation — the first state in the nation — to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks." That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger ir June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why h( thinks digital textbooks make sense.California approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital ones can offer the lates information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more ftu and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances.The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. Mor than six million students attend California public schools.Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science material for high schools. These had to meet at least ninety percent of the state's learning requirements. Speciall trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them.Six of the ten were published by the CK12 Foundation. Co-founder Neeru Khosla says the nonproi group had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation pa: teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group finance by the Khosla family. The AMAR Foundation also supports projects in India.California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have decide for themselves.Susan Martimo，a California Department of Education official，says she does not expect widesprei use right away. Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use thei but only in addition to their traditional books.School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.62. We learn from the passage that the Digital Textbook Initiative_______ .[A] will probably take effect in six years [B] covers all the high school subjects [C] has been approved by all states [D] is advocated by California state governor63. The main reason for promoting digital textbooks is to_______ .[A] help schools save money [B] benefit the environment[C] provide interesting materials [D] reduce students' heavy burden64. What does the author say about CK12 Foundation?[A] It approved and produced 16 digital textbooks.[B] It paid teachers to write digital textbooks.[C] It is financed by California state government.[D] It makes money through developing digital textbooks.65. According to Susan Martimo, digital textbooks_______ .[A] are not likely to have a widespread use[B] will soon replace traditional ones[C] will first be adopted by well-equipped schools[D] are certain to be approved by school districts66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Schools are reluctant to print out copies.[B] The use of digital textbooks is not really free.[C] Students need to pay for computers.[D] Training teachers to use the textbooks is not efficient.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [DJ on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to67 others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can68 • But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 69 from the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling 70 . The mass distribution of goods that 71 the development of the railway and highway made person-to- person selling too slow and 72 . At the same time, mass communication — first newspapers and magazines then radio and television 一made mass selling through 73 possible. The objective of any advertisement is to J74people that it is in their best 75 to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action _76 be to purchase a product or to use a service, vote for a political candidate or 77 to join the Army. Advertising as a 78 developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest 79 . In 1980 advertising expenditures in the US exceeded 55 billion dollars or 80 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product81 advertising.82 advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as 83 . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold 84 through advertising is usually far 85 than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally advertising 86 for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the。

2011年6月英语四级考试全真预测试卷：听力2Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11.W∶ I just saw an ad. on television that said men’s suits were on sales today and tomorrow at Conrad’s Men’s Wear.M∶Great! That’s just what I’ve been waiting for.Q∶What wi ll the man probably do?【解析】[D]男士说男士套装的特价销售正是他一直等待着的。

所以从他的态度可判断，他要去买件男装。

12.W:Is John really ill?M:It’s hard to say. I doubt there’s anything wrong with him physically.Q: What does the man mean?【解析】[A]从男士的话“我怀疑约翰的身体没有任何问题”中可看出答案。

13.M:Do you know if the book shop is still open?W:Yes, it’s open till six.Q:When do you think this conversation took place?【解析】[A]女士说书店现在还开着，一直开到六点呢，说明现在的时间是在六点之前。

14.M:Of the two houses we saw today, which do you prefer?W:I think the white one is prettier, but the brick one has a bigger yard, so I like it better.Q:Why does the woman like the brick house better than the white house?。

2011年大学英语四级模拟测试二参考答案Part I Writing (15%)The Career I PursueIn speaking of what kinds of job to take up upon graduation, most college students have already formed vivid but different pictures in their minds of ideals. As for me, I still keep my first resolve to pursue teaching as my life-ling career.A few reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other moneymaking ones. In the first place, a teacher can enjoy more freedom and independence than many other professionals. Rather than learn my part beforehand by heart as an actor does, I am free to invent my act as my course goes along – making decisions, arranging lectures and putting ideas across to my audience, all at my own will—a privilege hardly available to many job-holders. In the second, a teacher is provided with ample chances of perfecting himself from all sides. In order to prepare my students well for their future world, I have to force myself to acquire newer knowledge, better self-cultivation and enrich experience in life. And the most sacred to teaching, though, is that it brings new hope to a nation. With a key to human treasures in my hand, I feel greatly honored to transform many teenagers, from ignorance to intelligence, from stupidity to wisdom and from savageness to civilization.For the reasons above, I do not think there is any occupation in the world that is better than teaching. Now, I am determined to devote all my life to this bright and glorious cause and I am convinced, too, that teaching will be an enjoyable experience to me in my future life.Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）(10%) 1-7 CDABDAA 8. 1.3 trillion 9. 107 10. transport aircraftPart III Listening Comprehension (35%)Section A ( 15%)11. C) 12. C) 13. A) 14. B) 15. B) 16. D) 17. C) 18. A)Conversation One19. D) 20. A) 21. C) 22. A)Conversation Two23. B) 24. A) 25. C)Section B (10%)Passage One: 26. A) 27. D) 28. B)Passage Two: 29. D) 30. D) 31. C) 32. B)Passage Three: 33. D) 34. A) 35. C)Section C （10%）单词部分（4%）36. undergone 37. considerations 38. rare 39. divorce40. asset 41. financial 42. fast-paced 43. viewing句子部分（6%）44. the family is dead except for the first year or two of child raising45. the members will have more leisure time to spend with each other and will derive considerable enjoymentfrom family type activities46. they argue that the family is experimenting with a number of novel types and formsPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25%)Section A (5%)47-56 B O H I D M F A K GSection B (20%)57-61 C A C D B 62-66 A D B.C DPart V Cloze (10%)67-71 CDBAC 72-76 ACBCB 77-81 ADCCB 82-86 DBBDAPart VI Translation (5%)87: did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much88：To finance my education89：for fear that he should be recognized90：I am apt to/ inclined to be more easily tired than before.91: he would have acted differently或He would have acted in a different way四级考前模考试卷（二）录音原文College English Test Band FourModel Test TwoPart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: Sometimes I really have a good mind to give up my job. I feel my boss always finds fault with me sinceI treaded on his toes by accident.M: Don’t think like that. Tom is not a narrow-minded person.Q: What does the man say about the woman’s boss?12. M: Mum, before I go out, could you go over the shopping list and see if there’s anything else you need? W: Yes. That’s about everything. Now you’re sure you don’t mind going, darling?Q: What is the man probably going to do?13. M: It seems the restaurants here have little business these days.W: That’s true, but ours is a scenic resort and this is not the busy season. When summer comes, you’ll seearmies of tourists waiting in line in order to get a seat.Q: What do we learn about the restaurants from the conversation?14. M: I don’t remember the ceiling being this high. I had the impression that it was about 3 meters.W: So did I. But it’ll be perfect once we get the furniture in.Q: What are the speakers talking about?15. W: Thank goodness, you’re back. How is our car? Were you injured?M: The mechanic said that the best thing would be to sell it and buy a new car. This car is totally dead.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?16. M: That’s a lovely skirt you’re wearing.W: Oh, thank you, my boyfriend bought it for my eighteenth birthday party.Q: What does the woman say about the skirt?17. M: I would like to move to the suburbs, but I don’t have enough money to pay the high taxe s.W: I wish you could. It’s nice to live there.Q: Why isn’t the man moving to the suburbs?18. M: I sent a letter to make a reservation for a single room a few days ago.W: I’m sorry, but your request arrived too late. There are some conferences in town this week and we’re full up. Q: Why couldn’t the man book a room as he wished?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Hi, Helen, I’ve been looking for you!W: Really? Such a coincidence. I am also looking for you.M: You don’t know how difficult it is to find a car I want.W: Have you been to the second-hand market?M: Yes, but... Didn’t you tell me that when cars get older they get cheaper?W: Sure! What happened?M: I called in response to an ad yesterday for a very old car. It was priced somewhere over $10,000! Do you think I can get anything for $3,500?W: Sure. I just heard about something I’ve wanted to talk to you about.M: Oh, that’s why you are looking for me, isn’t it?W: Yeah. My uncle’s mother-in-law is 86 now, and recently her eyesight became very bad. That means she can’t drive anymore, but she’s got a 1978 Buick Century that would be perfect for you.M: Is it still good? How much do you think she wants?W: It’s really very good —only 43,000 miles on it. There’s no rust on it, and the interior is like new. But there is certainly something wrong with it: it needs a tune-up, a new set of tires and if you buy it you’d better put all new hoses and ignition wires on it. They crack when they get old.M: Anything else?W: Maybe in about 10,000 miles the brakes would need attention.M: That sounds like quite a bit of expense already!W: But look, everything it needs will probably cost $500 or less. You could buy it for $2,150, I’m sure. So for a lot less than the $3,500 or so, you’d have a really good car that would last for years.M: It sounds better when you put it that way. When can I see it?W: How about right now?M: All right. Let’s go.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What kind of a car does the man plan to buy?20. Why can’t the old lady drive anymore?21. What do we learn about the car the woman recommends?22. How much does the man need to spend on the car?Conversation TwoW: Good morning, Dr. Smith. I’m not sure whether you can help me or not, but I’m getting desperate!M: Oh, what’s wrong? What is making you so desperate?W: Well, everybody laughs at me because I’m so fat. I’ve always been overweight. I’m trying to eat less but I don’t seem to be able to lose any weight. I don’t know what I can do. Maybe you can give me some medication?M: Well, it is not a good idea to eat less. You should eat more healthy food like fruits and vegetables, and avoid fast food like hamburgers and hot dogs.W: But hamburgers and hot dogs are my favorite.M: That’s the problem. They contain high calories that cause fatness. In addition to avoiding these high-calorie foods, you should do some exercises. Physical exercise does a lot of good to health and will be an effective way to reduce weight. Medicine is not always the best solution to your problem.W: I know, but I don’t have time to do exercise. You know, I’m busy at my work from morning to night. Besides, I am not rich enough to go to the gym.M: You needn’t spend much time on exercise and you don’t have to go to the gym. I suggest that you walk more regularly. You could get off the bus one stop early and walk the last bit. When you walk, try to walk a little more quickly. You could also use the stairs instead of the elevator.W: That’s really a good idea.M: You will succeed if you act in accordance with my suggestions.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. Why does the woman feel desperate?24. What does the man advise the woman not to do?25. What are the two speakers talking about?Section BPassage OneHow can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment? In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that.Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks, and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3 to 4 days, and can store water in a ―bag‖ at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders — they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Young elephants may even eat the dung of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine to make them muddy!As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. Why are desert elephants called careful feeders?27. With what does the author answer the question raised in the beginning of the passage?28. What can be inferred from the end of the passage?Passage TwoWhen I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.My mother realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker. I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, ―This is Mrs. Tan.‖And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, ―Why he don’t send me check already two week lone.‖And then, in perfect English I said: ―I’m getting rather concerned. You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived.‖Then she talked more loudly. ―What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.‖ And so I turned to the stockbroker again, ―I can’t tolerate any more excuse. If I don’t receive the check immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.‖The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.When I was a teenager, my mother’s broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perf ectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. Why was the speaker’s mother poorly served?30. What do we learn about the speaker from the passage?31. What does the speaker think of her mother’s English now?32. What can we infer about Chinese English from the passage?Passage ThreeBobby Moore was a famous English soccer player who led the England team to victory against West Germany in the 1966 World Cup Final. As a superb defender, Moore played 108 games for England’s national team from1962 to 1970 and was captain 90 times. His professional soccer career spans 19 years and 668 matches, a record with no match so far in England. Moore was born in Barking, East London, in 1941. His full name was Robert Frederick Moore. He began playing club soccer in the early 1960s. He was named England’s Footballer of the Year from 1963 to 1964. Moore was known for his sportsmanship on the field. He was not inclined towards wild celebration of girls. In 1967, he was made a member of the Order of the British Empire. Moore retired from playing in 1977, and after spending brief periods managing professional soccer teams, he concentrated on developing a sports marketing company and doing media work. He was sports editor of Sunday Sport from 1986 to 1990 and a regular commentator for London’s Capital Radio Station from 1990 to 1993. After Moore was diagnosed with cancer, he went public with his battle in 1991 and continued to work until his death in 1993.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?34. What did Bobby Moore become in 1964?35. What was the first thing Moore did after he retired from playing?Section CWe generally view the family as being one of our most stable institutions; yet, our family system has (36) undergone a number of changes in the past. Two hundred years ago, marriages were often arranged by parents, with economic (37) considerations being the most important factor of who married whom. Two hundred years ago, divorce was (38) rare; now, more than one out of three marriages are in (39) divorce. Two hundred years ago, women did not work out of the home, and children were an economic (40) asset; now nearly 50 percent of married women work outside the home, and children are a (41) financial responsibility.In our (42) fast-paced society, the family is now changing even more rapidly than it did in the past. In (43) viewing the future of the American family, some authorities foresee the family as racing toward extinction. They say that (44) the family is dead except for the first year or two of child raising, and this will be its only function. Family optimists, on the other hand, predict the family’s entering a Golden Age — an era where (45) the members will have more leisure time to spend with each other and will derive considerable enjoyment from family type activities. Most sociologists, however, do not agree with either the pessimists or the optimists; instead, (46) they argue that the family is experimenting with a number of novel types and forms, many of which will probably be thrown away, but some likely to be found satisfying and functional and gradually becoming ―typical‖.。

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 竞争使⼈们充满创造⼒，使⼈们更有效率。

2. 竞争促使⽣产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务。

3. 竞争促进了社会的进⼀步发展。

Competition Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage。

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。