公司理财_6

项目一财务管理总体认知一、单项选择题1．下列各项企业财务管理目标中，能够同时考虑资金的时间价值和投资风险因素的是（ D ）。

A．产值最大化 B．利润最大化C．每股收益最大化 D．企业价值最大化2．企业筹资活动的最终结果是（ D ）。

A。

银行借款 B.发行债券C.发行股票D.资金流入7．相对于每股收益最大化目标而言，企业价值最大化目标的不足之处是（ D )。

A．没有考虑资金的时间价值 B．没有考虑投资的风险价值C．不能反映企业潜在的获利能力 D．某些情况下确定比较困难9．下列法律法规同时影响企业筹资、投资和收益分配的是（ A ）。

A．公司法 B．金融法C．税法 D．企业财务通则10．在市场经济条件下，财务管理的核心是( B )。

A。

财务预测 B.财务决策C.财务控制 D。

财务分析二、多项选择题2．企业财务管理的基本内容包括( ACD )。

A。

筹资决策 B．技术决策C．投资决策 D．盈利分配决策3．财务管理的环境包括( ABCD ).A．技术环境 B．经济环境C．金融环境 D．法律环境4．以下项目中属于“利润最大化"目标存在的问题有（ ABCD ）。

A．没有考虑利润实现时间和资金时间价值B．没有考虑风险问题C．没有反映创造的利润与投入的资本之间的关系D．可能导致企业短期财务决策倾向，影响企业长远发展5．以股东财富最大化作为财务管理目标存在的问题有（ ABC ).A．通常只适用于上市公司B．股价不能完全准确反映企业财务管理状况C．对其他相关者的利益重视不够D．没有考虑风险因素6．下列财务管理的目标当中,考虑了风险因素的有( BCD )。

A．利润最大化 B．股东财富最大化C．企业价值最大化 D．相关者利益最大化7．在分配活动中，企业财务管理的核心任务是（ BC ）。

A. 确定筹资结构 B。

确定分配规模C．确定分配方式 D。

确定投资方向8．利润最大化目标和每股利润最大化目标存在的共同缺陷有（ ABD )。

第一章单项选择题参考答案1 ．C 2. A 3．B 4. C 5．C 6. D 7. B 8.A 9.C多项选择题参考答案：1 ．ABD 2. AC 3. ABCD 4. ABCD 5．ABD 6. ABCD 7. CD 8. BD 9. ABC10.ABC 11.ABC判断题参考答案：1 ．X 2. √ 3．X 4. X 5. X 6. √ 7. X 8. √第二章单项选择题参考答案：1.B2. B3. D4. D5. C6. C7. A8. B多项选择题参考答案：1 ．AC 2. ABCD 3. AC 4. AC 5. BCD判断题参考答案：1．√ 2. X 3．√ 4. V 5. X第三章单项选择题参考答案：1.D2. D 3．B 4. B多项选择题参考答案：1.ABCD2. BD3. ABCD4. ABCD5. BCD6. AD判断题参考答案：1 ．X 2. X 3．X第四章练习题一、单项选择：1．一个公司“当期的营业性现金净流入量等于当期的净利润加折旧之和”，就意味着（）。

A．该公司不会发生偿债危机 B．该公司当期没有股利分配C．该公司当期的营业收入都是现金流入D．该公司当期的营业成本与费用除折旧外都是付现费用2．年末，ABC公司正在考虑卖掉现有的一台闲置设备。

该设备于8年前以40 000元入，税法规定的折旧年限为10年，按照直线法计提折旧，预计残值率为10%，己提折旧28800元。

目前可以按10 000元价格卖出，假设所得税税率为30%，卖出现有设备对本期现金流量的影响是（）。

A．减少360元 B．减少1200元 C．增加9 640元 D.增加10 360元3．已知某设备原值60 000元，税法规定残值率为10%，最终报废残值5000元，该公司所得税税率为40%，则该设备最终报废由于残值带来的现金流入量为（）元。

A. 5 400B. 6 000C. 5 000D.46004．在长期投资决策中，一般来说，属于经营期现金流出项目的有（）。

公司理财(MBA全景教程之六)★课程提纲——通过本课程，您能学到什么？第一讲1.财务与会计的内涵2.财务与会计的关系3.评判现行财务制度4.如何认识会计工作（一）第二讲1.如何认识会计工作（二）2.会计等式与会计报表第三讲1.现金流量表2.财务治理的目标3.财务治理的内容4.财务治理的职能第四讲1.财务分析概述2.流淌性分析3.资产治理分析4.长期偿债能力分析5.盈利能力分析6.上市公司财务分析第五讲1.财务推测（一）2.财务推测（二）第六讲1.财务推测（三）2.本量利分析3.财务预算4.作业成本与作业预算5.一般股筹资第七讲1.负债筹资2.营运资金政策3.资本成本4.财务杠杆5.资本结构第八讲1.三种投资分类方式2.投资中考虑的因素3.项目投资决策基础4.长期投资决策方法（一）第九讲1.长期投资决策方法（二）2.证券的评判第十讲1.现金和有价证券治理2.应收账款和存货治理3.利润分配活动的治理4.构建现代企业财务治理体系第1讲财务治理基础知识(一)【本讲重点】财务与会计的关系会计的基础知识(一)财务与会计的关系【重点提示】财务与会计的内涵财务与会计的关系评判现行财务制度财务与会计的内涵1.会计会计工作要紧是解决三个环节的咨询题：会计凭证会计账簿会计报表图1－1 会计工作的三个环节2.财务财务不是解决对外报告的咨询题，而是要解决企业内部资金运作过程中的一系列咨询题，涉及到推测、决策、操纵和规划。

财务所要解决的是如何筹集资金，筹集资金以后如何进行投资，项目投资完成以后，在经营过程当中营运资本如何治理，以及最后盈利如何分配的咨询题，它包括筹资治理、投资治理、经营活动的治理和分配活动的治理。

财务与会计的关系1．理论上财务和会计的关系过去理论上对财务和会计的关系有三种看法：(1)大财务：财务决定会计；(2)大会计：会计决定财务；(3)平行观：财务和会计是一种平行的关系，不存在谁决定谁的咨询题。

2.实务上财务和会计的关系实务上这三种观点不可能同时存在。

《公司理财》课程教学大纲课程英文名称：Corporate Finance课程代码：课程性质：文化素质选修课适用专业：各专业适用总学时数：24 其中讲课学时：24 实验学时：总学分数：1编写人：刘承智审核人：廖国和一、课程简介（一）课程性质及其在课程体系中的地位《公司理财》是管理类专业的专业基础课，也是经济类专业的专业必修课。

对于非经济管理类专业而言，通过《公司理财》课程的学习，了解理财学的基本思想和原理，树立正确的理财观念，掌握基本的公司理财的方法手段，对提升学生文化素质，培养其创业思想和能力会起到重要作用。

该课程运用西方财务理论的基本立场、观点和方法，从客观资本市场现实出发，对于理财的本质及其发展规律展开深入的分析和探讨，并把它概括归纳、总结上升为理论形态。

它主要解决的是为什么要理财以及如何理财的问题，是人们认识、把握和分析理财的理论基础和基本的方法论，是一门培养理财能力非常重要的文化素质选修课。

（二）课程教学目标1、课程能力目标：能够初步利用公司理财的基本技能分析企业经营和日常生活中和财务有关的经济现象。

能够运用筹资的基本知识对企业的筹资方案进行预测、决策分析。

能够运用投资的基本知识对企业的投资方案进行预测、决策分析。

能够结合日常财务管理的具体方法对企业理财的不足之处提出管理建议。

能够阅读并对公司财务报表进行指标分析和综合分析。

2、课程知识目标：掌握公司理财的概念，财务活动、财务关系、理财基本环节的主要内容，明确理财目标的含义、特点及优缺点，并掌握其实现与协调方法。

理解各种外部环境对公司理财的影响。

明确资金时间价值各要素的实质意义，掌握并熟练运用公式。

掌握资本成本的概念、构成和作用，并能计算各种不同类型的资本成本。

掌握各种杠杆效益的原理和最佳资本结构的衡量方法。

掌握债券、股票等筹资方式的分类、基本要素及优缺点，掌握长期借款、融资租赁等筹资方式的分类、基本要素及优缺点。

理解投资决策分析中用现金流量而不用利润指标的原因。

公司理财课后习题参考答案ANSWS第1章习题答案1．在投资活动上，固定资产投资大量增加，增加金额为387270117（万元）2．在筹资活动上，非流动负债减少，流动负债大大增加，增加金额为29990109（万元）3．在营运资本表现上，2022年初的营运资本20220220（万元）2022年末的营运资本21129988（万元）营运资本不仅大大减少，而且已经转为负数。

这与流动负债大大增加，而且主要用于固定资产的形成直接相关。

第2章习题答案1．PV200(P/A,3%,10)(P/F,3%,2)1608.11（元）2．5000012500(P/A,10%,n)(P/A,10%,n)50000/125004查表，(P/A,10%,5)3.7908(P/A,10%,6)4.3553n543.7908(65)(43.7908)插值计算：n5654.35533.79084.35533.7908n5.37最后一次取款的时间为5.37年。

3．租入设备的年金现值14762（元），低于买价。

租入好。

4．乙方案的现值9.942万元，低于甲方案。

乙方案好。

5．40001000(P/F,3%,2)1750(P/F,3%,6)F(P/F,3%,10)F2140.12第五年末应还款2140.12万元。

6．（1）债券价值4(P/A,5%,6)100(P/F,5%,6)20.3074.6294.92（元）（2）2022年7月1日债券价值4(P/A,6%,4)100(P/F,6%,4)13.8679.2193.07（元）（3）4(P/F,i/2,1)104(P/F,i/2,2)97i12%时，4(P/F,6%,1)104(P/F,6%,2)3.7792.5696.33i10%时，4(P/F,5%,1)104(P/F,5%,2)3.8194.3398.14利用内插法：(i10%)/(12%10%)(98.1497)/(98.1496.33)解得i11.26%7．第三种状态估价不正确，应为12.79元。

如何进行公司理财公司理财是指对公司的资金进行有效管理和运用，以实现公司财务目标的过程。

它涉及到资金的筹集、投资、运营和分配等各个环节。

一家公司的理财能力和水平直接影响到其经营业绩和发展潜力。

下面将详细介绍公司理财的一般步骤和主要原则。

一、公司理财的一般步骤1.了解公司财务状况：首先需要了解公司的财务状况，包括资产、负债、现金流、利润等方面的情况。

这可以通过查阅财务报表、分析财务指标等来实现。

2.制定财务目标：根据公司的经营战略和市场环境，制定合理的财务目标。

财务目标应当具体、可衡量和可达到。

3.制定资金筹集计划：根据公司的资金需求和财务目标，制定资金筹集计划。

资金筹集可以通过自有资金、借贷、股权融资等多种方式实现。

4.进行资金投资：根据公司的资金筹集计划和财务目标，进行资金投资。

资金投资可以选择投资项目、购买金融资产等多种方式。

5.进行资金运营：对已经筹集和投资的资金进行运营管理，以实现资金的最大利用和最大增值。

这需要进行风险管理、资产配置、流动性管理、税务规划等工作。

6.进行资金分配：将公司的利润按照一定比例进行分配，以满足投资者和股东的需求，同时为公司的再投资和发展提供足够的资金。

二、公司理财的主要原则1.长期导向原则：公司的理财应当注重长远效益和持续发展。

不能为了眼前利益而牺牲长远发展。

2.风险控制原则：公司理财应当注意风险，采取合理的风险管理措施，减少风险对公司的影响。

3.收益最大化原则：公司理财的目标是追求利润最大化，提高资金的使用效率和增值能力。

4.费用最小化原则：在追求收益最大化的前提下，尽量减少理财过程中的各种费用和成本。

5.信息透明原则：公司理财应当在合法、规范和透明的基础上进行，与投资者、股东、债权人等进行及时、准确的信息沟通。

6.合规管理原则：公司理财应当遵守国家法律法规和公司治理准则，保障公司和股东的合法权益。

7.策略与执行原则：理财工作需要制定合理的理财策略，并注重执行力度，确保理财策略的落地和实施。

公司理财的内容有哪些公司理财是指企业对资金的合理运用和管理，以实现财务目标和最大化利润为目的的一项重要工作。

公司理财内容涉及多方面，包括资金筹集、资金投资、资金运营等方面。

下面将从不同的角度来介绍公司理财的内容。

首先，资金筹集是公司理财的重要内容之一。

资金筹集是指企业通过不同的途径获取资金，包括自有资金、债务融资和股权融资等。

企业需要根据自身的经营情况和发展需要，制定合理的资金筹集计划，确保资金来源的多样性和灵活性，降低资金成本，保障企业的正常经营和发展。

其次，资金投资是公司理财的另一个重要内容。

资金投资是指企业将闲置资金进行有效配置和运用，以获取更高的收益。

企业可以通过投资股票、债券、基金等金融产品，或者投资于实业、房地产等实体项目，实现资金的增值和流动性管理。

在进行资金投资时，企业需要根据自身的风险偏好和投资期限，制定合理的投资策略和风险控制措施，确保资金的安全和稳健增值。

另外，资金运营也是公司理财的重要内容之一。

资金运营是指企业对资金的日常管理和运作，包括资金的收付、结算、理财、风险管理等方面。

企业需要建立健全的资金管理制度和内部控制机制，加强对资金流动的监控和预测，合理安排资金的使用和周转，确保企业的资金安全和流动性。

此外，公司理财还包括财务规划、成本控制、财务风险管理等内容。

财务规划是指企业根据经营发展的需要，制定长期和短期的财务目标和计划，合理安排资金的使用和配置，确保企业的财务稳健和持续发展。

成本控制是指企业对生产经营中的各项成本进行合理控制和降低，提高企业的盈利能力和竞争力。

财务风险管理是指企业对外部市场环境和内部经营风险进行识别、评估和应对，保障企业的财务安全和稳健经营。

综上所述，公司理财的内容涉及资金筹集、资金投资、资金运营、财务规划、成本控制、财务风险管理等多个方面。

企业需要根据自身的实际情况，科学合理地进行公司理财，以实现财务目标，保障企业的经营稳健和持续发展。

公司理财第五版课后习题答案考试题型：一、单项选择题：15分二、多项选择题：10分三、填空题15分四、名词解释：15分后五、简答题：15分后六、计算题：30分后一、单项选择题1、在筹资投资理财阶段，公司投资理财的重点内容就是（）。

BA有效运用资金 B如何设法筹集到所需资金 C研究投资组合 D国际融资2、以往被西方经济学家和企业家做为公司的经营目标和投资理财目标的就是（）。

AA利润最大化 B资本利润率最大化 C每股利润最大化 D股东财富最大化3、现代公司投资理财的目标就是（）。

CA获利能力最大化 B偿债能力最大化 C股东财富最大化 D追求利润最大化4、由于生产经营不断地展开而引发资金不断地循环叫做（）。

CA资金运动 B财务活动 C资金周转 D资金耗费二、多项选择题1、以利润最大化作为公司理财目标存在的缺陷有（）。

ABCDEA无法精确充分反映所荣获利润额同资金投入资本额的关系 B没考量利润出现的时间C会导致公司理财决策者的短期行为 D没有考虑货币的时间价值E没考虑到经营风险问题2、股东财富最大化作为公司理财目标的优点有（）。

ABCDEA考量了货币的时间价值 B考量了风险价值C体现了对公司资产保值增值的要求 D克服公司经营上的短期行为E使得公司投资理财当局从长远战略角度展开财务决策3、公司的财务活动包括（）。

ABCDEA资金的筹措 B资金的运用 C资金的花费 D资金的归还 E资金的分配4、公司理财的内容主要有（）。

ABEA筹资决策 B投资决策 C成本决策 D价格决策 E股利分配决策三、填空题1、直观地谈，公司投资理财就是公司如何（万晓塘、多管齐下、以有）。

2、公司理财产生至今经历了筹资、（内部控制）、投资和国际理财阶段。

3、在内部掌控投资理财阶段，公司投资理财的重点内容就是如何有效地（运用资金）。

4、投资理财阶段重视两项理财内容：一是研究公司（最佳资本结构）的构成；一是研究（投资组再分理论）及其对公司财务决策的影响。

Chapter 6: Some Alternative Investment RulesConcept Questions - Chapter 66.2 ∙List the problems of the payback period rule.1.It does not take into account the time value of money.2.It ignores payments after the payback period.3.The cutoff period is arbitrary.∙What are some advantages?1.It is simple to implement.2.It may help in controlling and evaluating managers.6.4 ∙What are the three steps in calculating AAR?1.Determine average net income.2.Determine average investment3.Divide average net income by average investment.∙What are some flaws with the AAR approach?1.It uses accounting figures.2.It takes no account of timing.3.The cutoff period is arbitrary.6.5 ∙How does one calculate the IRR of a project?Using either trial-and-error or a financial calculator, one finds the discount ratethat produces an NPV of zero.6.6 ∙What is the difference between independent projects and mutually exclusiveprojects?An independent project is one whose acceptance does not affect the acceptance of another. A mutually exclusive project, on the other hand is one whose acceptance precludes the acceptance of another.∙What are two problems with the IRR approach that apply to both independent and mutually exclusive projects?1.The decision rule depends on whether one is investing of financing.2.Multiple rates of return are possible.∙What are two additional problems applying only to mutually exclusive projects?1.The IRR approach ignores issues of scale.2.The IRR approach does not accommodate the timing of the cash flowsproperly.6.7 ∙How does one calculate a project's profitability index?Divide the present value of the cash flows subsequent to the initial investment by the initial investment.∙How is the profitability index applied to independent projects, mutually exclusive projects, and situations of capital rationing?1.With independent projects, accept the project if the PI is greater than 1.0 andreject if less than 1.0.2.With mutually exclusive projects, use incremental analysis, subtracting thecash flows of project 2 from project 1. Find the PI. If the PI is greater than1.0, accept project 1. If less than 1.0, accept project2.3.In capital rationing, the firm should simply rank the projects according to theirrespective PIs and accept the projects with the highest PIs, subject to thebudget constrain.Answers to End-of-Chapter ProblemsQUESTIONS AND PROBLEMSThe Payback Period Rule6.1 Fuji Software, Inc., has the following projects.Year Project A Project B0 _$7,500 _$5,0001 4,000 2,5002 3,500 1,2003 1,500 3,000a. Suppose Fuji’s cutoff payback period is two years. Which of these two projects should be chosen?b. Suppose Fuji uses the NPV rule to rank these two projects. If the appropriate discount rate is 15 percent, which project should be chosen?6.1 a. Payback period of Project A = 1 + ($7,500 - $4,000) / $3,500 = 2 yearsPayback period of Project B = 2 + ($5,000 - $2,500 -$1,200) / $3,000 = 2.43 yearsProject A should be chosen.b. NPV A = -$7,500 + $4,000 / 1.15 + $3,500 / 1.152 + $1,500 / 1.153 = -$388.96NPV B = -$5,000 + $2,500 / 1.15 + $1,200 / 1.152 + $3,000 / 1.153 = $53.83Project B should be chosen.6.2 Suppose Peach Paving Company invests $1 million today on a new construction project. The project will generate annual cash flows of $150,000 in perpetuity. The appropriate annual discount rate for the project is 10 percent.a. What is the payback period for the project? If the Peach Paving Company desires to have a 10-year payback period, should the project be adopted?b. What is the discounted payback period for the project?c. What is the NPV of the project?6.2 a. Payback period = 6 + {$1,000,000 - ($150,000 ⨯ 6)} / $150,000 = 6.67 yearsYes, the project should be adopted.A= $974,259b. $150,000 11.010The discounted payback period = 11 + ($1,000,000 - $974,259) / ($150,000 / 1.112)= 11.54 yearsc. NPV = -$1,000,000 + $150,000 / 0.10 = $500,000The Average Accounting Return6.3 The annual, end-of-year, book-investment accounts for the machine whose purchase your firm is considering are shown below.Purchase Year Year Year YearDate 1 2 3 4Gross investment $16,000 $16,000 $16,000 $16,000 $16,000Less: accumulateddepreciation ______0_ ___4_,0_0_0_ ___8_,0_0_0_ __1_2_,0_0_0_ _1_6_,_0_0_0Net investment $16,000 $12,000 $ 8,000 $ 4,000 $ 0If your firm purchases this machine, you can expect it to generate, on average, $4,500 peryear in additional net income.a. What is the average accounting return for this machine?b. What three flaws are inherent in this decision rule?6.3 a. Average Investment:($16,000 + $12,000 + $8,000 + $4,000 + 0) / 5 = $8,000Average accounting return:$4,500 / $8,000 = 0.5625 = 56.25%b. 1. AAR does not consider the timing of the cash flows, hence it does notconsider the time value of money.2. AAR uses an arbitrary firm standard as the decision rule.3. AAR uses accounting data rather than net cash flows.6.4 Western Printing Co. has an opportunity to purchase a $2 million new printing machine. It has an economic life of five years and will be worthless after that time. This new investment is expected to generate an annual net income of $100,000 one year from today and the income stream will grow at 7 percent per year subsequently. The company adopts a straight-line depreciation method (i.e., equal amounts of depreciation in each year). What is the average accounting return of the investment? Supposing Western Printing’s AAR cutoff is 20 percent, should the machine be purchased?6.4 Average Investment = ($2,000,000 + 0) / 2 = $1,000,000Average net income = [$100,000 {(1 + g)5 - 1} / g] / 5= {$100,000A (1.075 - 1} / 0.07} / 5= $115,014.78AAR = $115,014.78 / $1,000,000 = 11.50%No, since the machine’s AAR is less than the firm’s cutoff AAR.6.5 Nokia Group has invested $8,000 in a high-tech project. This cost is depreciated on an accelerated basis that yields $4,000, $2,500, $1,500 of depreciation, respectively, during its three-year economic life. The project is expected to produce income before tax of $2,000 each year during its economic life. If the tax rate is 25%, what is the project’s average accounting return (AAR)?a. 44.44%b. 50.23%c. 66.67%d. 70.00%e. 82.21%The Internal Rate of Return6.5 a6.6 Compute the internal rate of return on projects with the following cash flows.Cash Flows ($)Year Project A Project B0 _3,000 _6,0001 2,500 5,0002 1,000 2,000/ $160,000 = 1.046.6PI = $40,000 715.0Since the PI exceeds one accept the project.6.7 CPC, Inc., has a project with the following cash flows.Year Cash Flows ($)0 _8,0001 4,0002 3,0003 2,000a. Compute the internal rate of return on the project.b. Suppose the appropriate discount rate is 8 percent. Should the project be adopted by CPC?6.7 The IRR is the discount rate at which the NPV = 0.-$3,000 + $2,500 / (1 + IRR A) + $1,000 / (1 + IRR A)2 = 0By trial and error, IRR A = 12.87%Since project B’s cash flows are two times of those of project A, the IRR B = IRR A =12.87%6.8 Compute the internal rate of return for the cash flows of the following two projects.Cash Flows ($)Time A B0 _2,000 _1,5001 2,000 5002 8,000 1,0003 _8,000 1,5006.8 a. Solve x by trial and error:-$4,000 + $2,000 / (1 + x) + $1,500 / (1 + x)2 + $1,000 / (1 + x)3 = 0x = 6.93%b. No, since the IRR (6.93%) is less than the discount rate of 8%.6.9 Suppose you are offered $5,000 today and obligated to make scheduled payments as follows:Year Cash Flows ($)0 5,0001 _2,5002 _2,0003 _1,0004 _1,000a. What is the IRRs of this offer?b. If the appropriate discount rate is 10 percent, should you accept this offer?c. If the appropriate discount rate is 20 percent, should you accept this offer?Chapter 6 Some Alternative Investment Rules 165d. What is the corresponding NPV of the project if the appropriate discount rates are 10 percent and 20 percent, respectively? Are the choices under the NPV rule consistent with those of the IRR rule?6.9 Find the IRRs of project A analytically. Since the IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPVequal to zero, the following equation must hold.-$200 + $200 / (1 + r) + $800 / (1 + r)2 - $800 / (1 + r)3 = 0$200 [-1 + 1 / (1 + r)] - {$800 / (1 + r)2}[-1 + 1 / (1 + r)] = 0[-1 + 1 / (1 + r)] [$200 - $800 / (1 + r)2] = 0For this equation to hold, either [-1 + 1 / (1 + r)] = 0 or [$200 - $800 / (1 + r)2] = 0.Solve each of these factors for the r that would cause the factor to equal zero. Theresulting rates are the two IRRs for project A. They are either r = 0% or r = 100%.Note: By inspection you should have known that one of the IRRs of project A iszero. Notice that the sum of the un-discounted cash flows for project A is zero.Thus, not discounting the cash flows would yield a zero NPV. The discount ratewhich is tantamount to not discounting is zero.Here are some of the interactions used to find the IRR by trial and error.Sophisticated calculators can compute this rate without all of the tedium involved inthe trial-and-error method.NPV = -$150 + $50 / 1.3 + $100 / 1.32 + $150 / 1.33 = $15.91NPV = -$150 + $50 / 1.4 + $100 / 1.42 + $150 / 1.43 = -$8.60NPV = -$150 + $50 / 1.37 + $100 / 1.372 + $150 / 1.373 = -$1.89NPV = -$150 + $50 / 1.36 + $100 / 1.36 2 + $150 / 1.363 = $0.46NPV = -$150 + $50 / 1.36194 + $100 / 1.361942 + $150 / 1.361943= $0.0010NPV = -$150 + $50 / 1.36195 + $100 / 1.361952 + $150 / 1.361953= -$0.0013NPV = -$150 + $50 / 1.361944 + $100 / 1.3619442 + $150 / 1.3619443= $0.0000906Thus, the IRR is approximately 36.1944%.6.10 As the Chief Financial Officer of the Orient Express, you are offered the following twomutually exclusive projects.Year Project A Project B0 _$5,000 _$100,0001 3,500 65,0002 3,500 65,000a. What are the IRRs of these two projects?b. If you are told only the IRRs of the projects, which would you choose?c. What did you ignore when you made your choice in part (b)?d. How can the problem be remedied?e. Compute the incremental IRR for the projects.f. Based on your answer to part (e), which project should you choose?g. Suppose you have determined that the appropriate discount rate for these projectsis 15 percent. According to the NPV rule, which of these two projects should beadopted?6.10 a. Solve r in the equation:$5,000 - $2,500 / (1 + r) - $2,000 / (1 + r)2 - $1,000 / (1 + r)3- $1,000 / (1 + r)4 = 0By trial and error,IRR = r = 13.99%b. Since this problem is the case of financing, accept the project if the IRR is less thanthe required rate of return.IRR = 13.99% > 10%Reject the offer.c. IRR = 13.99% < 20%Accept the offer.d. When r = 10%:NPV = $5,000 - $2,500 / 1.1 - $2,000 / 1.12 - $1,000 / 1.13 - $1,000 / 1.14= -$359.95When r = 20%:NPV = $5,000 - $2,500 / 1.2 - $2,000 / 1.22 - $1,000 / 1.23 - $1,000 / 1.24= $466.82Yes, they are consistent with the choices of the IRR rule since the signs of the cashflows change only once.6.11 Consider two streams of cash flows, A and B. Cash flow A consists of $5,000 starting three years from today and growing at 4 percent in perpetuity. Cash flow B consists of _$6,000 starting two years from today and continuing in perpetuity. Assume the appropriate discount rate is 12 percent.a. What is the present value of each stream?b. What is the IRR of a project C, which is a combination of projects A and B; that is, C _ A _ B?c. If it is assumed that the discount rate is always positive, what is the rule related to IRR for assessing project C that would correspond to the NPV rule?6.11 a. Project A:NPV = -$5,000 + $3,500 / (1 + r) + $3,500 / (1 + r)2 = 0IRR = r = 25.69%Project B:NPV = -$100,000 + $65,000 / (1 + r) + $65,000 / (1 + r)2 = 0IRR = r = 19.43%b. Choose project A because it has a higher IRR.c. The difference in scale is ignored.d. Apply the incremental IRR method.e.C0C1C2B - A -$95,000 $61,500 $61,500NPV = -$95,000 + $61,500 / (1 + r) + $61,500 / (1 + r)2 = 0Incremental IRR = r = 19.09%f. If the discount rate is less than 19.09%, choose project B.Otherwise, choose project A.g. NPV A = -$5,000 + $3,500 / 1.15 + $3,500 / 1.152 = $689.98NPV B = -$100,000 + $65,000 / 1.15 + $65,000 / 1.152 = $5,671.08Choose project B.6.12 Project A involves an investment of $1 million, and project B involves an investment of $2 million. Both projects have a unique internal rate of return of 20 percent. Is the following statement true or false? Explain your answer.For any discount rate between 0 percent and 20 percent, inclusive, project B has an NPV twice as great as that of project A.6.12 a. PV A = {$5,000 / (0.12 - 0.04)} / 1.122 = $49,824.61 PV B = (-$6,000 / 0.12) / 1.12 = -$44,642.86 b. The IRR for project C must solve{$5,000 / (x - 0.04)} / (1 + x)2 + (-$6,000 / x) / (1 + x) = 0 $5,000 / (x - 0.04) - $6,000 (1 + x) / x = 0 25 x 2 + 3.17 x - 1 =0x = {-3.17 - (110.0489)0.5} / 50 or {-3.17 + (110.0489)0.5} / 50 The relevant positive root is IRR = x = 0.1464 = 14.64%c.To arrive at the appropriate decision rule, we must graph the NPV as a function of the discount rate. At a discount rate of 14.64% the NPV is zero. To determine if the graph is upward or downward sloping, check the NPV at another discount rate. At a discount rate of 10% the NPV is $14,325.07 [= $68,870.52 - $54,545.54]. Thus, the graph of the NPV is downward sloping. From the discussion in the text, if an NPV graph is downward sloping, the project is an investing project. The correct decision rule for an investing project is to accept the project if the discount rate is below 14.64%.The Profitability Index6.13 Suppose the following two mutually exclusive investment opportunities are available to the DeAngelo Firm. The appropriate discount rate is 10 percent. Year Project Alpha Project Beta 0 _$500 _$2,000 1 _300 _300 2 700 1,800 3 600 1,700a. What is the NPV of project alpha and project beta?b. Which project would you recommend for the DeAngelo Firm?6.13 Generally, the statement is false. If the cash flows of project B occur early and the cashflows of project A occur late, then for a low discount rate the NPV of A can exceed the NPV of B. Examples are easy to construct.14.64%10%rNPV$14,325.07C0C1C2IRR NPV @ 0% A: -$1,000,000 $0 $1,440,000 0.20 $440,000B: -2,000,000 2,400,000 0 0.20 400,000 In one particular case, the statement is true for equally risky projects. If the lives of thetwo projects are equal and in every time period the cash flows of the project B are twicethe cash flows of project A, then the NPV of project B will be twice as great as the NPV of project A for any discount rate between 0% and 20%.6.14 The firm for which you work must choose between the following two mutually exclusive projects. The appropriate discount rate for the projects is 10 percent.ProfitabilityC0 C1 C2 Index NPVA _$1,000 $1,000 $500 1.32 $322B _500 500 400 1.57 285The firm chose to undertake A. At a luncheon for shareholders, the manager of a pension fund that owns a substantial amount of the firm’s stock asks you why the firm chose project A instead of project B when B is more profitable.How would you justify your firm’s action? Are there any circumstances under which the pension fund manager’s argument could be correct?6.14 a. NPVα = $756.57 - $500 = $256.57NPVβ = $2,492.11 - $2,000 = $492.11b. Choose project beta.6.15 The treasurer of Davids, Inc., has projected the cash flows of projects A, B, and C as follows. Suppose the relevant discount rate is 12 percent a year.Year Project A Project B Project C0 _$100,000 _$200,000 _$100,0001 70,000 130,000 75,0002 70,000 130,000 60,000a. Compute the profitability indices for each of the three projects.b. Compute the NPVs for each of the three projects.c. Suppose these three projects are independent. Which projects should Davids accept based on the profitability index rule?d. Suppose these three projects are mutually exclusive. Which project should Davids accept based on the profitability index rule?e. Suppose Davids’ budget for these projects is $300,000. The projects are not divisible. Which projects should Davids accept?6.15 Although the profitability index is higher for project B than for project A, the NPV is theincrease in the value of the company that will occur if a particular project is undertaken.Thus, the project with the higher NPV should be chosen because it increases the value of the firm the most. Only in the case of capital rationing could the pension fund manager be correct.6.16 Bill plans to open a self-serve grooming center in a storefront. The grooming equipment will cost $160,000. Bill expects the after-tax cash inflows to be $40,000 annually for seven years, after which he plans to scrap the equipment and retire to the beaches of Jamaica.Assume the required return is 15%. What is the project’s PI? Should it be accepted?Comparison of Investment Rules6.16 a. PI A = ($70,000 / 1.12 + $70,000 / 1.122) / $100,000 = 1.183PI B = ($130,000 / 1.12 + $130,000 / 1.122) / $200,000 = 1.099PI C = ($75,000 / 1.12 + $60,000 / 1.122) / $100,000 = 1.148b. NPV A = -$100,000 + $118,303.57 = $18,303.57NPV B = -$200,000 + $219,706.63 = $19,706.63NPV C = -$100,000 + $114,795.92 = $14,795.92c. Accept all three projects because PIs of all the three projects are greater than one.d. Based on the PI rule, project C can be eliminated because its PI is less than the oneof project A, while both have the same amount of the investment. We can computethe PI of the incremental cash flows between the two projects,Project C0C1C2PIB - A -$100,000 $60,000 $60,000 1.014We should take project B since the PI of the incremental cash flows is greater thanone.e. Project B has the highest NPV, while A has the next highest NPV.Take both projects A and B.6.17 Define each of the following investment rules. In your definition state the criteria for accepting or rejecting an investment under each rule.a. Payback periodb. Average accounting returnc. Internal rate of returnd. Profitability indexe. Net present value6.17 a. The payback period is the time it takes to recoup the initial investment of a project.Accept any project that has a payback period that is equal to or shorter than thecompany’s standard payback period. Reject all other projects.b. The average accounting return (AAR) is defined asAverage project earnings ÷ Average book value of the investment.Accep t projects for which the AAR is equal to or greater than the firm’s standard.Reject all other projects.c. The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate which makes the net presentvalue (NPV) of the project zero. The accept / reject criteria is:If C0 < 0 and all future cash flows are positive, accept the project if IRR ≥discount rate.If C0 < 0 and all future cash flows are positive, reject the project if IRR <discount rate.If C0 > 0 and all future cash flows are negative, accept the project if IRR ≤discount rate.If C0 > 0 and all future cash flows are negative, reject the project if IRR >discount rate.If the project has cash flows that alternate in sign, there is likely to be more thanone positive IRR. In that situation, there is no valid IRR accept / reject rule.d. The profitability index (PI) is defined as:(The present value of the cash flows subsequent to the initial investment ÷The initial investment)Accept any project for which the profitability index is equal to or greater thanone. Reject project for which that is not true.e. The net present value (NPV) is the sum of the present values of all project cashflows. Accept those projects with NPVs which are equal to or greater than zero.Rejects p roposals with negative NPVs.6.18 Consider the following cash flows of two mutually exclusive projects for Chinese Daily News.New Sunday New SaturdayYear Early Edition Late Edition0 _$1,200 _$2,1001 600 1,0002 550 9003 450 800a. Based on the payback period rule, which project should be chosen?b. Suppose there is no corporate tax and the cash flows above are income before the depreciation. The firm uses a straight-line depreciation method (i.e., equal amounts of depreciation in each year). What is the average accounting return for each of these two projects?c. Which project has a greater IRR?d. Based on the incremental IRR rule, which project should be chosen?6.18 Let project A represent New Sunday Early Edition; and let project B represent NewSaturday Late Edition.a. Payback period of project A = 2 + ($1,200 - $1,150) / $450 = 2.11 yearsPayback period of project B = 2 + ($2,100 - $1,900) / $800 = 2.25 yearsBased on the payback period rule, you should choose project A.b. Project A:Average investment = ($1,200 + $0) / 2 = $600Depreciation = $400 / yearAverage income = [($600 - $400) + ($550 - $400) + ($450 - $400)] / 3= $133.33AAR = $133.33 / $600 = 22.22%Project B:Average investment = ($2,100 + $0) / 2 = $1,050Depreciation = $700 / yearAverage income = [($1,000 - $700) + ($900 - $700) + ($800 - $700)] / 3= $200AAR = $200 / $1,050 = 19.05%c. IRR of project A:-$1,200 + $600 / (1 + r) + $550 / (1 + r)2 + $450 / (1 + r)3 = 0IRR = r = 16.76%IRR of project B:-$2,100 + $1,000 / (1 + r) + $900 / (1 + r)2 + $800 / (1 + r)3 = 0IRR = r = 14.29%Project A has a greater IRR.d. IRR of project B-A:Incremental cash flowsYear 0 1 2 3B - A -$900 $400 $350 $350-$900 + $400 / (1 + r) + $350 / (1 + r)2 + $350 / (1 + r)3 = 0Incremental IRR = r = 11.02%If the required rate of return is greater than 11.02%, then choose project A.If the required rate of return is less than 11.02%, then choose project B.6.19 Consider the following cash flows on two mutually exclusive projects that require an annual return of 15 percent. Working in the financial planning department for the Bahamas Recreation Corp., you are trying to compare different investment criteria to arrive at a sensible choice of these two projects.Deepwater New SubmarineYear Fishing Ride0 _$600,000 _$1,800,0001 270,000 1,000,0002 350,000 700,0003 300,000 900,000a. Based on the discounted payback period rule, which project should be chosen?b. If your decision rule is to accept the project with a greater IRR, which project should you choose?c. Since you are fully aware of the IRR rule’s scale problem, you calculate the incremental IRR for the cash flows. Based on your computation, which project should you choose?d. To be prudent, you compute the NPV for both projects. Which project should you choose? Is it consistent with the incremental IRR rule?6.19 Let project A be Deepwater Fishing; let project B be New Submarine Ride.a. Project A:Year Discounted CF Cumulative CF0 -$600,000 -$600,0001 234,783 -365,2172 264,650 -100,5673 197,255Discounted payback period of project A = 2 + $100,567 / $197,255= 2.51 yearsProject B:Year Discounted CF Cumulative CF0 -$1,800,000 -$1,800,0001 869,565 -930,4352 529,301 -401,1343 591,765Discounted payback period of project B = 2 + $401,134 / $591,765= 2.68 yearsProject A should be chosen.b. IRR of project A:-$600,000 + $270,000 / (1 + r) + $350,000 / (1 + r)2 + $300,000 / (1 + r)3 = 0IRR = r = 24.30%IRR of project B:-$1,800,000 + $1,000,000 /(1 + r) + $700,000 / (1 + r)2 + $900,000 / (1 + r)3= 0IRR = r = 21.46%Based on the IRR rule, project A should be chosen since it has a greater IRR.c. Incremental IRR:Year 0 1 2 3B - A -$1,200,000 $730,000 $350,000 $600,000-$1,200,000 + $730,000 / (1 + r) + $350,000 / (1 + r)2 + $600,000 / (1 + r)3 = 0Incremental IRR = r = 19.92%Since the incremental IRR is greater than the required rate of return, 15%, chooseproject B.d. NPV A = -$600,000 + $270,000 / 1.15 + $350,000 / 1.152 + $300,000 / 1.153= $96,687.76NPV B = -$1,800,000 + $1,000,000 / 1.15 + $700,000 / 1.152 + $900,000 / 1.153 = $190,630.39Since NPV B > NPV A, choose project B.Yes, the NPV rule is consistent with the incremental IRR rule.6.20 The Utah Mining Corporation is set to open a gold mine near Provo, Utah. According to the treasurer, Steven Sample, “This is a golden opportunity.” The mine will cost $600,000 to open. It will generate a cash inflow of $100,000 during the first year and the cash flows are projected to grow at 8 percent per year for 10 years. After 10 years the mine will be abandoned. Abandonment costs will be $50,000.a. What is the IRR for the gold mine?b. The Utah Mining Corporation requires a 10 percent return on such undertakings.Should the mine be opened?6.20 a. The IRR is the discount rate at which the NPV = 0-$600,000 + ()0r 1000,50$r 1%811%)8r (000,100$1111=+-⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++--IRR ≈18.56% b. Yes, the mine should be opened since its IRR exceeds its required return of 10%.。

金融学考研复习公司理财习题(6)第六章投资决策1．机会成本：请阐述一下机会成本的含义。

2．增量现金流：在计算投资项目的NPV时，下边哪一个可以被看成是增量现金流?（1）新的投资项目所带来的公司的其他产品的销售的下滑。

（2）只有新的项目被接受，才会开始投入建造的机器和厂房。

（3）过去3年发生的和新项目相关的研发费用。

（4）新项目每年的折旧费用。

（5）公司发放的股利。

（6）项目结束时，销售厂房和机器设备的收入。

（7）如果新项目被接受，那么需要支付的新雇用员工的薪水和医疗保险费用。

3．增量现金流：你的公司现在生产和销售钢制的高尔夫球杆。

公司的董事会建议你考虑生产钛合金和石墨制高尔夫球杆，下列哪一项不会产生增量现金流。

（1）自有土地可以被用来建设新厂房，但是如果新项目不被接受，该土地将以市场价700000美元出售。

（2）如果钛合金和石墨制高尔夫球杆被接受，则钢制的高尔夫球杆的销售额可能下降300000美元。

（3）去年用在石墨高尔夫球杆上的研究开发费用200000美元。

4．折旧：如果可以选择，你更愿意接受直线折旧法还是改进的加速成本折旧法（MACRS）?为什么?5．净营运资本：我们在前面讨论资本预算的时候，我们假设投资项目的所有的营运资本都能够回收。

这是一个在实践中可以接受的假设吗?如果不可以，将出现什么情况?6．独立原则：一位财务管理人员曾经说过：“我们的公司采用独立原则进行资本预算，因为我们把项目看成一个迷你小公司，在做资本预算时，我们仅仅包含公司层面上的相关现金流。

”请评价这个说法。

7．约当年均成本法：约当年均成本法（EAC）在哪种情况下适用于比较2个或更多个项目?为何使用这种方法?这个方法里是否隐含着你认为比较麻烦的假设?请做出评价。

8．现金流和折旧：“在做资本预算的时候，我们只关注相关税后增量现金流，由于折旧是非付现费用，所以我们可以在做预算的时候忽略折旧。

”请评价这句话。

9．资本预算审议：一所大学的主修课本的出版商手中有一部现有的财务学教材。