博士班写作考试题型

博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷2018博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷博士研究生入学考试英语初试内容一般包括听力、词汇、语法、完形填空、阅读理解、语言运用(配伍题)、翻译(英译汉/汉译英/英汉互译)、写作等几个部分，各部分出题方式及题量分值由各招生院校自行确定，以下yjbys店铺列举部分院校试题结构供各位考生参考。

首都师范大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷Section I Vocabulary Test(20%)Directions：In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences.Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET l with a single line through the centre.1. After the snow storm, the government plans to ______the run-down houses in the rural area as soon as possible.A. reviveB. replaceC. renovateD. remove2. The doctor assured her that the pain would _________in a few days.A. die offB. wear offC. get offD. go off3. The speeding woman’s _______________for some mercy could not change the policeman’s decision to giv e her a fine.A. pleaB. flatteryC. distressD. demonstration4. Owing to lack of money, these experiments must now be _______before the objective has been achieved.A. transferredB. transformedC. terminatedD. testified5. Quite unexpectedly, the young man __________ with success, the problem which had baffled his forerunner.A. tickledB. trickedC. trickledD. tackled6. The Space Age _____ in October l957when the first artificial satellite—was launched by the Soviet Union.A. embarkedB. initialedC. commencedD. originated7. Indoor or roof space antennae do not ___________give satisfactory performance even in strong signal areas.A. faithfulB. invariablyC. voluntarilyD. habitually8. These old houses are in good state of ________ except for the wooden floors.A. preservationB. observationC. compensationD.conservation9. She works bard at her task before she felt sure that the result would ______her long effort.A. verifyB. rectifyC. testifyD. justify10. The country is now undergoing an economic _________in which business activity is greatly reduced and the unemployment rate is high.A. sanctionB. accessionC. flourishD. recession11. The river is already ____its banks because of excessive rainfall and the town is threatened with a likely flood.A. level inB. flat onC. parallel toD. flush with12. Because of his outstanding achievements, the university _____ an honorary degree upon Mr. Adams.A. conferredB. dedicatedC. awardedD. presented13. It is one of the paradox of social intercourse that a ___________is much harder to respond to than an insult.A. complimentB. condemnationC. complementD. complaint14. The shop assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _______quality he’d tell them so.A. minerB. inferiorC. awkwardD. humble15. A terrible traffic accident happened;people were saddened when they watched the ______sight on TV.A. periodicB. panicC. patheticD. patriotic16. Even you were not in the mood, you should have known better than to refuse a lady this way. You could have _______her instead.A. deniedB. declinedC. denotedD. denounced17. As the nation attaches excessive importance to football, the triumph or frustration of the national team is most likely to drive many of her nationals ______________.A. overexcitedB. turbulentC. overwhelmedD. hysterical18. On Labor Day the workers will march in __________though the town.A. processB. procedureC. processionD. progress19. Although we had lord them not to keep US waiting, they made no _____to speed up deliveries.A. trialB. actionC. attemptD. progress20. Mr.Moore is one of the most prosperous persons in the town, yet he does take _____at questioning the way he makes money.A. offenceB. rageC. hostilityD. revengeSection II Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions：There are 5 passages ill this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Please choose the best one for each question and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET l with a single line through the centre.Passage 1An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers Oil the subject have explored this distinction—indeed, contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.An education that aims at getting student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we havea certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess now his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case. Before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age. It was widely accepted that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, pre-sumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many business-men, and so many accountants. . Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, all entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple ofmonths to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.21. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is ________________.A. far-reaching B self-contradictoryC. dubiously orientedD. radically reformatory22. The belief that education is indispensable to all children ______________________.A. originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countriesB. is deeply rooted in the minds of computer education advocatesC. came into being along with the arrival of computersD. is indicative of a pessimism in disguise23. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author, s country the European model of professional training is __________________________.A. dependent upon the starting age of candidatesB. worth trying in various social sectionsC. attractive to every kind of professionalD. of little practical value24. According to the author, basic computer skill should be ______________________.A. highlighted I acquisition of professional qualification5B. included as an auxiliary course in schoolC. mastered through a lifelong courseD. equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwisePassage 2The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition was a small step from movements like hydreopathy (which advocated the ‘‘natural" healing powers of water), to the idea that flesh air, healthy food, and exercise could be beneficial. The physical fitness movement in America followed the influx of a large number of German immigrants who fled their country due to the 1848 revolution. The movement began there with Fredrich Ludwig Jahn who unified exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charle Pollen, Jahn’s student, led the movement in America, organizing the Round Hill School at Harvard, which stressed rigorous mental and physical exercise. In the mid-west the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in l848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed nationally and organized outings of picnics, games, gymnastics, and celebrations of German culture.Catherine Beecher promoted physical fitness for women, and felt that corsets (束腹) not only made such exercise impossible, but actually deformed wo men’s bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and degrade the race. She was also in advocate of improving nutrition and an early opponent of gluttony (暴食), believing condiments on food stimulated the appetite towards excess. Others championed vegetarianism, or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. Regardless of their particular inclination, all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: bad eating habits led to social disorder. Like physical fitness proponents, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country.The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then revived, as Americans became city dwellers and took sedentary jobs. Advocates promoted "Muscular Christianity," a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with sound bodies. Indian clubs became a favorite exercise tool with entire books written for club exercises. Team sports became popular after l 865, reflecting America’s growing urbanization. The most popular was baseball, and in l 869 the Cincinnati Red Stockings became the country’s first professional team. By the l 900s, Luther Gulick transformed the Young Men’s Christian Association (VMCA) into the epitome of typical "Muscular Christianity.’’ It became the largest organization of urban gymnasiums and fitness centers in America.25. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that as to the physical fitness movement in the 19th century _____________________.A. hydropathy was popularB. not all groups had a German focus、C. Germans were fitter than AmericansD. Harvard became a leader in America26. It can be inferred from the passage that the Tumverein was ________________.A. successful in the mid-westB. 1imited to GermansC. 1ater named Turners because it was too difficult to pronounceD not popular with many non=Germans because they celebrated German culture27. Why did the physical fitness movement revive after theCivil War?A. Because people returned to their usual occupationsB. Because ‘‘Muscular Christianity" became popular.C. Because of urbanization.D. Because of physical injuries caused by the war.28. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition.B. The German and Christian influences on nutrition and physical fitness.C. Development of the physical fitness movement.D. The nutrition and physical fitness movements.Passage 3An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries’ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy inindustry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members’ disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions Nave problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union Some trade union officials have to be reelected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed for life: Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers’ elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.下载文档。

博士研究生专业英语考试
博士研究生专业英语考试（English Proficiency Test for Ph.D. Candidates）是用于评估博士研究生在英语听、说、读、写能力方面的考试。

该考试旨在测试学生对学术领域内英语的理解和运用能力，以确保学生具备进行学术研究和写作的基本英语能力。

博士研究生专业英语考试通常包括以下几个方面的内容：
1. 听力考试（Listening Test）：测验学生对英语听力材料的理解能力，包括听取学术讲座、学术研究报告等。

2. 口语考试（Speaking Test）：测验学生在学术交流中的口头表达能力，包括自我介绍、回答问题、陈述观点等。

3. 阅读考试（Reading Test）：测验学生对英语学术文献的阅读理解能力，包括理解文章主旨、判断作者观点、理解文章结构等。

4. 写作考试（Writing Test）：测验学生的学术写作能力，要求学生根据提供的题目或材料进行学术论述或分析。

博士研究生专业英语考试的成绩经常作为博士研究生入学的重要参考依据，学生需要根据考试要求进行针对性的准备。

通过这个考试，学生能够提高自己的英语水平，为以后的学术研究和职业发展奠定基础。

中科院考博历年英语写作题目2013年3月What is the one thing that you’ve learned from doing sports which applies to all aspects of your life? Please use examples to illustrate your points.2013年10月People who claim to have supernatural powers, like Wang Lin, Yan Xin and many others, have come and gone in the past few decades and have always had a large following. What conclusion may be drawn from this phenomenon?2012年3月Do you agree that history repeats itself? Provide examples to support your viewpoints.2012年10月What is the true spirit of the Olympic Games? Please use examples to illustrate your points.2011年3月“To get success, you need friends; to get huge success, you need enemies.” Do you agree with this saying or not? Why or why not? 2011年10月If your child were bullied (受欺负), what would you say to him or her? Tell why you would say so.2010年3月People often come up with different decisions when facing the same situation. WHY?2010年10月According to some statistics, by the end of 2009, the resident population(常住人口) in Beijing has reached 17 million, not to mention the large floating population and the number isbecoming bigger. Do you think the population in Beijing should be controlled? Why or why not?2009年03月Should there be two focuses available in Chinese high school (humanity focus and science focus)? Please give specific reason to support your argument.2009年10月There are different kinds of students: those who don’t study; those who study hard, but have to; and those who really want to study and do it well. What kind of students are you? Why?2008年03月When do you think is the best time for a college candidate to dicide on his major: before going to college or while enrolled in college? Provide your reasons and supporting details.2008年10月What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to support your argument.2007年03月How would you react to appearance when you are trying to the discrimination against your physical find a job?2007年10月There have been instances of students humiliating their teacher at school. What do you think is the cause for such happenings? 2006年03月China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of reseach workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. What has caused this situatuin in your opinion?2006年10月A lot of people, especially the young, are crazy about stars. They wish to see their heroes at all costs. Do you think thesepeople are foolish, understandable or desirable? Justify your opinion.2005年10月What does work mean to you? Is it just a means to make ends meet, to cover life expenses?Is a job seeker’s previous work experience important? If so, in what sense and to what extent? If not, why not?2005年03月How to reduce traffic accidents?2004年03月Some people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today. Do you agree or disagree? State your opinion and give good reason.2003年10月My idea of professional Ethics for a scientist2003年03月Good management can help the organization chieve its desired results. This is particularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and reseach workers. What is your idea about a good management or a good management of a group of people?2002年10月As a yung scientist, which live would you prefer to: common or uncommon? Why?2002年03月With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.2001年03月There is no denying that the average living standard of ourcountry has greatly increased since the economic reform started20 years ago. However, neither is it deniable that there has beena growing contrast in income between the rich and the poor. What do you think of this contrast in our country? State your opinion with appropriate supporting details.2000年03月One day Jim gave some money to a man on the street who claimed that he had lost all his money and couldn’t afford a train ticket to be back home. Some time later, Jim met the same man again who told the same story. Jim got very angry with this and decided not to give any more help to anyone whom he did not know.One respose to this story is that we should help whoever in need if it even if we might have the risk of be cheated. That is your opinion? State what you think is proper and give your reasons for your viewpoint.1993年03月T o what extent should university courses be geared to economic needs of society? Discuss.。

考博英语题型
博士入学考试（Ph.D. Admission Test）英语科目主要包括阅读
理解、写作、翻译和语法等题型。

1. 阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）：要求考生阅读一篇长文章或若干篇短文章，并回答相关问题。

考察考生的阅读和理解能力，包括对文章的主旨、细节、态度和推理等方面的理解。

2. 写作（Writing）：要求考生根据一定的命题或题材，在规
定的时间内完成一篇论述型或议论型的英文作文。

考察考生的写作能力和表达能力，要求清晰、连贯、有逻辑地陈述观点和论证推理，同时注意语法、拼写和标点符号的正确使用。

3. 翻译（Translation）：要求考生根据给定的英文句子或段落，将其准确地翻译成中文或汉语的一种或多种形式。

考察考生的翻译能力和语言转换能力，要求准确、通顺、符合语言习惯。

4. 语法（Grammar）：要求考生在给定的句子中选出错误或提
出更正建议。

考察考生对英语语法规则的掌握和运用能力，包括词类、句型、时态、语态和修辞等方面的知识。

除了以上主要题型，Ph.D.考试中还可能包括其他题型，如填空、补全句子、改写句子、改错等。

具体题型和内容可能因学校和学科的不同而有所差异，考生需要根据招生通知和样题进行备考。

复旦大学考博英语翻译题型分析翻译学习方法复旦大学考博英语写作（1题，共计15分 1×15=15）写作是考博英语的重点，考察考生用英语分析事物和表达自己的观点的能力或概括事物的能力。

这部分对大叔考生来说是最难攻克的难关。

复旦大学考博英语的写作占15分，要求考生看图作文写一篇25 0字左右的评论。

写作题的目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。

从复旦考博写作题型上来看，07年以前主要是命题作文，08年以后主要是图表作文，即要求考生在所给时间内，对所给图表进行分析归纳和总结，然后用简洁、生动、准确的语言将图中所提供的信息完整地表达出来，并对图中的信息作出自己的评论复旦考博英语试卷中短文写作部分改变了以往提纲三段式作文形式，采用了图画式作文。

此举的目的是为了避免考生猜题，同时也增加了作文的难度。

考生除了在语言技能上多下功夫外，还要熟悉一些图表式作文的要领。

从复旦考博写作的选材上来说，主要是针对一些学习、工作、生活上的问题的思考以及对社会现象的评论，提出自己的观点并论述。

例如2009年的公交车上不给老年人让座，2008年的针对考试成绩的不同态度，2006年的态度决定结果等，或者按照命题写出一篇200字的命题作文，例如2007年的野心塑造男人，2005年的对当代中国的传统节日的看法。

for their free time. Which doyou prefer?2003年The Values of Failure既定主题，观点论述2004年One of turning Points in MyLife叙事类2005年My Opinion aboutTraditional Holidays in China 既定主题，观点论述2006年Attitude is Everything结合图片，观点类2007年My Views about “Ambition Makes a Man”既定主题，观点论述2008年Optimism or Pressimism结合图片，观点类2009年Persuasion结合图片，观点类2010年Privacy and Liberty既定主题，观点论述2011年plagiarism 既定主题，观点论述复旦大学考博英语写作重点：怎样写好主题句段落的主题一篇文章有中心思想，也就是题目。

同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲总则同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试（GET-P）是依照《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》规定、为完成教学目标而实施的一项标准化考试。

它是博士研究生公共英语课程设置的重要组成部分。

为贯彻执行教学大纲的要求、指导规范该项考试，特制订《同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲》。

一、考试目的本考试目的是衡量同济大学博士研究生英语技能知识、检查教学效果和成果、促进提高英语学习水平，并为评价学生学业能力提供参考依据。

二、考试性质与范围本考试属于标准参照性达标考试，兼顾教学检查考核。

考试范围包括《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》所规定的听、说、读、写四个方面的能力及知识。

三、考试时间、对象与命题本考试每学期举行一次，在学期期末、学生完成两门英语课程学习之后进行。

考试对象为除英语之外的各专业博士研究生。

本考试由外国语学院公共英语教学部负责命题、审题和阅卷，由研究生院培养处和公共英语教学部共同负责实施。

四、考试形式本考试分书面纸质考试和口试两部分；考试秉持测试的客观性和可行性，采用有效试题形式，并保证考试的效度和信度。

五、考试内容书面考试题项包含三部分：听力理解、阅读理解和短文写作。

考试规定时间120分钟。

听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1、测试要求：（a）能听懂日常交际场合中的各种英语会话和交谈。

（b）能听懂英语时事新闻的报道、报告。

（c）能听懂有关历史、文化、教育、科学等方面的英语故事和介绍。

（d）考试时间约20分钟。

2、测试形式：(a)本部分采用多项选择题形式，分两节：Section A与Section B，共20题。

(b) Section A (Listening Conversations) 由10个对话组成，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。

(c) Section B (Listening Passages) 由3篇短文组成，每篇长度约250单词，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。

2020 年博士生考试考博英语写作指导附范文35 篇目录第一部分写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中宽泛存在的问题 (2)一考试要求 (2)二作文的评分标准及样卷介绍 (2)三历年考试中存在的典型问题解析 (4)四．如何写出漂亮的文章 (5)第二部分考博英语 35 篇范文 (6)1.television program and their effect on children (6)2. How to solve the housing problem in big cities (6)3. “the younger generaton knows best ” (7)4. Public transportation (8)5. Human education (9)6. Criticism on television (10)7. The ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more money (11)8. Communication and language (12)9. Cooperation goes with competition (12)10. The rise of intellectual property protection (13)11. Generation gap (14)12. Should men and women be equal? (14)13. Computer and man (15)14. What kind of life to live-realistic or romantic ? (16)15. Fast food (16)16. On the attitude towards fighting against criminals (17)17. Parents are too permissive with their children nowadays (17)18. Adveriser perform a useful service to the community (18)19. Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents (20)20. Population control (21)21 ．Part-time jobs for college students (22)22. Private cars (22)23 ．What have we learned from sars? (23)24. Fast food (24)25. My idea on how for beijing to prepare the 2008 world olympic games (25)26. On university tuition system a in china (25)27.what would happen if no attention paid to the environmental protection (26)28.women should be let to play a more important role in our state affairs (26)29. The role of migrant workers (27)30. The effect of decoding the human body (27)31. The orientation of china's cross-century economic reform (28)32.the information age and the best way to use information (28)33. Why governmental workers also have to go abroad? (29)34. The problem in using water (30)35. Compare with the domestic hen and the duck (30)第一部分写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中宽泛存在的问题一考试要求1．文章内容切题。

中科院考博英语翻译题型考情分析中国科学院考博英语的写作一般是考博试卷的最后一个部分，占20分，要求考生按照命题写出一篇200字的短文，目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。

写作应注重思想性，能有深刻的观点为佳。

阅卷老师批改一篇文章的速度为10秒左右，所以字迹工整极为重要。

华慧考博教研中心就中国科学院考博写作题型上来看，主要是命题作文，为单一观点(A+/A-)或对立观点（A orB）。

从中国科学院考博写作的选材上来说，主要是针对一些学习、工作、生活上的问题的思考以及对社会现象的评论，提出自己的观点并论述。

中国科学院考博英语历年写作主题包括：2010.10北京是否应该控制人口2010.3人们为什么在同样的情况下会做出不同的决定2009.3中国高中应该分文理科吗2008.10中国举办奥运会有什么收获2008.3你认为什么时候确定专业比较好，是上大学前还是被大学录取时2007.10你认为学生侮辱老师的原因是什么2007.3你如何面对找工作时的外表歧视2006.10你对明星崇拜者的态度是什么2006.3中国没有诺贝尔奖获得者的原因是什么2005.10工作对你的意义是什么？中国科学院考博英语备考专题2016年中国科学院考博英语VIP保过班-全程1对1辅导考中科院更轻松！2016年中国科学院考博英语协议全程班-5次1对1辅导考中科院更轻松！2016年中国科学院考博英语系统全程班-考中科院更轻松！华慧中国科学院中科院考博英语一本通含独家历年试题答案解析中国科学院/中科院考博英语历年真题汇总华慧考博网-考博第一品牌（）考博咨询QQ：4006224468编辑推荐：考博英语辅导班：/classroom?t=1113.0考博英语专题/kaoboyingyu.html考博英语怎么复习？/yingyu_fuxi.html 考博英语真题汇总专题/kaobo_zhenti. html2016医学考博专题/yixue_kaobo.html。

清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅤWriting (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the follo wing outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

2. 使我难忘的原因是。

3. 它对我后来的影响是。

北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below: (15%)Topic: Write in 250～300 words about China s auto industry.北京大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part FiveWritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part SixWritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises中国人民大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization.”中国人民大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “Social Sciences a nd the Humanities should Play a More Important Role in the 21st Century”.中国人民大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”. Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.武汉大学2002 年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅥWriting (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a compositon entitled Pressures of Modern Man in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.1. 现代人会遇到各种各样的压力2. 压力的来源3. 如何减轻自己的压力武汉大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅵ. Writing (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Looking Forward to the New Reform of College English in China in no less than 200 words. Your compositon should be based on the following outlines.1. 有些人认为随着各种高水平电子课件的制作与引进，大学生基本上可以自学英语了。

15年，话题“大学毕业生应该在找工作上花费很多钱吗？”约200 字Should Graduates Spend Much on Job Hunting?Nowadays with the competition in job market becoming increasingly fierce for job-seekers,college graduates are starting to spend more and more money on job hunting. According to alatest survey concerning college graduates who are finding jobs, almost all of them tend to spenda certain amount of money on looking for a job and their expenditures mainly involve clothingand transportation, and making perfect resumes.With regard to such phenomenon, different people may have different viewpoints. On onehand, some people say it is necessary for graduates (especially fresh graduates) to spend somemoney on perfecting resumes and buying some clothes suitable to different interview occasionsin order to make a good first impression and then have more chance of being employed. On the other hand, others don’t think so. They think that the money spent by graduates for finding jobs could further increase their parents’ financial burden since most students have no income and their parents have already paid much for their college education. Moreover, now most HR managers tend to pay more attention to the abilities and knowledge of the job applicants.In my view, to spend some money on job hunting can be done to some degree according to personal family economic situations, and at the same time graduates should bear in mind that the things that matter in finding jobs are their knowledge, skills, and working experience.作文分为三个段落，第一段提出现象“目前大学生在求职上花的钱越来越多”；第二段论述人们对待该现象的不同看法；第三段表达自己对该现象的看法。

中国现当代博士题中国现当代文学一、简答，每题10分：1.简论沈从文与京派文学的关系；2.简析1980年代中后期先锋小说的“先锋性”。

二、论述，前两题每题25分，后一题30分：1.中国现代自传体小说的兴起与意义；2.胡风如何认识、继承“五四”批判现实主义传统？3.对左翼文学传统的评价经历了一些起伏，20世纪90年代以来又有学者开始反对片面地否定左翼文学，对这种前后变化你如何看？中国现当代文学与古代文学、外国文学1论述，每题20分：一、创造社与日本私小说的关系；二、“五四”新诗实验与民族诗歌传统的关系；三、莫言创作深受美国作家福克纳创作的影响，比较两者的异同；四、贾平凹与道家文化；五、“朦胧诗”所受“九叶派”和西方现代派诗歌的影响南京大学中国现当代文学专业2009年考博试题（回忆版）中国现当代文学基础论述，每题20分：1.俄罗斯文学对中国新文学的影响；2.林纾与中国新文学的关系；3.王实味的悲剧命运；4.“文革”时期的手抄本小说；5.茹志鹃与王安忆创作比较。

中国现当代文学思潮与流派论述，任选两题，每题50分：1.五四新文学创作、新文学批评（文学思想）的基本面貌怎样，请概述之。

有人将20世纪80年代新时期文学比拟为五四新文学，你的看法、理由是什么？近来又有“重回80年代”之说，提出再度清理80年代文学的历史意义与价值，你如何看待？2.近年来有关“十七年文学”的研究、评价颇受学界关注，你对相关研究成果了解多少？请在中国现当代文学史的范畴内以某一文学现象或作品为具体实例谈谈你对“十七年文学”的看法。

3.20世纪90年代以来，各体文学（交叉、跨际或称边缘文体）创作发展日见显著，你能否介绍、描述其概况？请结合具体作品对这种现象进行尽量充分的评析。

总体感觉：不偏不难，答好不易。

武汉大学中国现当代文学专业2008年考博试题（回忆版）“中国现当代文学”试题论述（每题20分，共100分）：1.期刊与中国现代文学；2.冯雪峰对中国现当代文学的贡献；3.“文革”前后对《创业史》的不同评价；4.如何认识、评价1990年代的“人文精神讨论”？5.有人认为浪漫主义在20世纪20年代末就已落潮，有人认为浪漫主义贯穿整个20世纪中国文学，谈谈你的看法。

1.中科院考博英语题型分类中科院考博英语作文的题型主要分为三种：1.1问题型（寻找原因）例如：2006年3月：“What has caused this situation in your opinion?”2007年10月：“What do you think is the cause for thus happening?”2013年10月：“What conclusion may be drawn from this phenomenon?”1.2争论型（支持或反对某一观点）例如：2005年10月：“What does work means to you?Is it just a means to make ends meet,to cover life expense?”2008年3月：“Provide your reasons and supporting details.”2010年10月：“北京人口是否需要控制”1.3发散型（提出解决方法、解答问题、说明细节、回答“是什么”、举例说明等）例如：2011年10月：“告诉受欺负小孩的话语”2012年10月：“奥运精神的真正含义，举例说明”2013年3月：“What is the one thing that you’ve learned from doing sports which applies to all aspects of your life?Please use examples to illustrate your points.”2.作文模板针对考博英语作文的三大类型，模板分三部分对所考题型进行写作。

将文章分为开头段、中心讨论段和结尾段。

2.1问题型There is no denying the fact that(让步,例如:A has a long tradition of).Recently the phenomenon of has aroused great concerns from all stripes of society./However, a virtual of is taking shape in present,arousing concerns from all stripes of society. /Nowadays,a trend of has been becoming increasingly clear,which.It would not be a stretch to say that.Accordingly,it is urgent to explore the causes for such,in order to avoid this embarrassing situation.In the first place,is for the simple reason that.Admitting that/Conceding that,it somehow.,but.Especially in,which has an exceedingly negative influence on.Besides,should be responsible for.Nowadays,lay emphasis merely on,rather than on,which make it.For instance,……(with……/when ……/There are……,who……).It is,hence,(adj for sb to do).Last but by no means the least,……现象(句子)……on the ground that.In fact,,and it should be/do.After years of researches,,a distinguished scholar oncestressed/pointed that/remarked,“(A not only倒装，but also……./It is强调句, that……/Barely anyone can双重否定without……)”.Taking all factors into consideration,./I am fully convinced/firmly believed that./Through continuously,gradually,主题eventually bring./Now that,you might as wel./Now that,why bother.2.2争论型A:It is universally acknowledged that.Recently,a question about whether A is appropriate/rational is fiercely debated,which arouse wide concerns from all stripes of society.Some claim that(原因).In my perspective,however,.The reasons can be listed as follows.B:is one of the most significant decisions can make.(问题严重性)not only can but also.However,how/when/whether?To,or?I prefer to choose.The reasons can be listed as follows.In the first place,is beneficial to.With,one can both and, which contributes tremendously to.陈述.It would not be a stretch to say that.或:In the first place,is detrimental to.In the past time,it was possible for to.But nowadays,.It was not,who/which达到什么效果/怎么样.Besides，only after/by,are we able to,especially in.主语is so that.For instance,.If,it would be detrimental to,even.Last but by no means the least,现象as a result of.In fact,,and should. After years of researches,a distinguished scholar once stressed/pointed that/remarked,“(A not only倒装，but also……./It is强调句,that……/Barely anyone can双重否定without……)”.It is,hence,(adj for sb to do).Taking all factors into consideration,./I am fully convinced/firmly believed that./Through continuously,gradually,主题eventually bring./Now that,you might as wel./Now that,why bother.2.3发散型It is universally acknowledged that.Besides the,has gained a lot more from it.The details contents are as follows./Numerous benefits can be given,but the following are significant.举例型作文中心段建议按照条理举例，按照原因分析或支持论点的模式一条一条地进行举例论证。

博士统考英语作文模板英文回答：Introduction。

The PhD qualifying examination is a crucial step in the academic journey of doctoral students. It serves as a comprehensive assessment of their knowledge, skills, and readiness for advanced research. The English section ofthis examination plays a significant role in evaluating students' proficiency in academic writing, critical thinking, and analytical abilities. To succeed in this section, students must demonstrate their mastery of language, logical reasoning, and the ability to effectively communicate their ideas in a scholarly manner.Task Analysis。

The English section of the PhD qualifying examination typically consists of two main tasks:Writing Assignment: Students are presented with atopic related to their field of study and are required to write an essay that demonstrates their understanding of the subject matter, critical thinking skills, and ability to convey their ideas clearly and concisely.Oral Presentation: In some cases, students may be required to give an oral presentation on a topic related to their research or field of study. This task evaluates their presentation skills, ability to engage with an audience, and capacity to effectively communicate complex ideas in a persuasive and articulate manner.Effective Writing Strategies。

医学博士英文作文题型英文：As a medical doctor, I have encountered a wide range of patients and medical cases throughout my career. One particular case that stands out in my mind is that of a young woman who came to me with persistent headaches and dizziness. She had been to several doctors before me, but none of them could provide a definitive diagnosis or effective treatment.I conducted a thorough examination and ordered a series of tests, including MRI and CT scans. After carefully reviewing the results, I was able to identify the underlying cause of her symptoms – a rare brain tumor. I explained the diagnosis to the patient and her family in a compassionate and clear manner, and we discussed the treatment options available.Throughout the course of her treatment, I made sure tokeep the lines of communication open with the patient and her family, providing regular updates and addressing any concerns they had. I also worked closely with a team of specialists to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to her specific needs.After several months of treatment, the patient showed significant improvement and her symptoms began to subside. It was a long and challenging journey, but seeing her regain her health and vitality was incredibly rewarding.中文：作为一名医学博士，我在我的职业生涯中遇到了各种各样的病人和医疗案例。

博士入学考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是博士研究的基本要求？A. 创新性B. 系统性C. 可复制性D. 广泛性2. 博士论文撰写中，以下哪项不是必须遵守的学术规范？A. 引用他人观点必须注明出处B. 数据必须真实可靠C. 可以对实验数据进行选择性报告D. 论文结构必须清晰合理3. 在博士研究过程中，以下哪项不是常见的研究方法？A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 猜测法4. 以下哪个选项不是博士生培养的目标？A. 独立思考能力B. 解决问题的能力C. 团队合作精神D. 个人英雄主义5. 博士生在进行学术研究时，以下哪项不是必要的文献资料？A. 相关领域的经典著作B. 最新的研究论文C. 过时的学术文章D. 权威的学术期刊6. 在博士学习期间，以下哪项不是学生应该具备的素质？A. 好奇心和求知欲B. 批判性思维C. 严格遵守学术道德D. 只关注个人研究方向7. 下列哪项不是博士生参与学术交流的目的？A. 分享研究成果B. 获得同行评议C. 增加个人知名度D. 拓宽研究视野8. 在博士研究中，以下哪项不是数据处理时需要注意的？A. 数据的完整性B. 数据的准确性C. 数据的保密性D. 数据的随意修改9. 博士生在撰写学术论文时，以下哪项不是论文的重要组成部分？A. 摘要B. 引言C. 结论D. 个人感想10. 在博士研究中，以下哪项不是研究伦理的基本原则？A. 诚实B. 责任C. 公正D. 利益最大化二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述博士研究中创新性的重要性及其在学术界的作用。

12. 描述博士生在学术写作中应如何避免抄袭和剽窃。

13. 解释为什么博士生需要具备跨学科的知识和技能，并举例说明。

三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）14. 论述博士生在科研工作中应如何处理与导师的关系，以及如何建立有效的沟通机制。

15. 选择一个你感兴趣的研究领域，讨论该领域中当前存在的主要问题和未来的研究方向。

07年文学基础理论环绕“文学史和思想史”问题写一篇学术论文，题目自拟。

论文应结合我国的文学研究，特别是我国文学理论研究的实际对上述问题发表自己的看法。

论文应当观点鲜明，材料丰富，论证充分，自圆其说，思路清楚，符合学术规范。

07年中外美学与文论史一、概念解释（每题10分，不少于300字）德国古典美学互文性崇高意境二、论述题（每题20分）1、亚里士多德在其《诗学》中如何论述“卡塔西斯”？你如何评价这一理论？2、道家美学如何论述言——意——象关系？你如何看待这一关系？3、比较朱光潜和宗白华两人的美学思想及其对中国现代美学的贡献。

08基础理论略谈近年来的文学基本理论研究要求同上08中外美学与文论史1、比较分析儒家的“中和之美”和道家的自然美学观（20分）2、简论魏晋南北朝美学中的“风骨”。

（15）3、比较分析清代王士祯的“神韵”说与袁枚的“性灵说”。

（15）4、辨析“诗学”和“美学”两个概念的关系。

（15）5、论述莱辛《拉奥孔》中关于诗画比较的三个层面。

（15）6、黑格尔是如何论证“艺术终结”命题的？这个命题今天有何意义？（20）09基础理论就“读者对20世纪文学理论建构作用”这一主题写一篇论述文，具体论说该问题的发生、发展以及你的看法。

09中外美学与文论史1、试述孟子“养气说”与后世“文气说”的异同。

（15）2、诗论李贽“童心说”与晚明文学思潮关系。

（15）3、对你所熟悉的一部（一篇）中国古典美学（文论）原著进行理论分析，说明其美学（文论）价值。

（尽量引述原著进行分析）（20）4、简述英国经验论美学家博克关于崇高和美的理论及其影响。

（15）5、试评述德国文学家歌德关于艺术与自然关系的思想和理论。

（15）6、以别林斯基或车尔尼雪夫斯基的思想和理论为例，说明19世纪俄国社会历史批评的主要特点。

（20）10年基础理论文学与记忆10年中外美学与文论史1、给定材料（《文心·原道》第一段），要求说明出处，并结合当时背景分析材料。