下载文档原格式
Section Ⅲ Grammar—过去分词作定语和表语语法图解探究发现①But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.②So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.③He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.④From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.⑤He was determined to find out why.⑥He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.⑦He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.⑧With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.[我的发现](1)例句①②④⑥⑦⑧中的过去分词(短语)作定语。
(2)例句②④⑦⑧中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句①⑥中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。
哥白尼一、生平简介哥白尼〔1473～1543〕是波兰天文学家，日心说的创始人。
1473年2月19日生于波兰东部的托伦。
他的父亲是一位曾经当过市长的商人，母亲是一位富商的女儿。
哥白尼有一个哥哥和两个姊姊，他是家中最小的孩子。
在他10岁时，父亲染上瘟疫死亡。
全家由舅父务卡施接济。
哥白尼在文化名城沃茨瓦维克读了中学，1491哥白尼进入克拉科夫雅盖隆大学，在天文学家勃鲁泽夫斯基的指导下研读天文学和数学。
1496年，为了进一步深造，哥白尼前往欧洲文艺复兴的中心意大利留学，先后就读于波伦亚大学、帕多瓦大学和法拉腊大学，继续钻研数学、天文学、医学和法学。
他有幸结识了文艺复兴的杰出人物达·芬奇，并且拜敢于向旧观念挑战的学者诺瓦拉〔1454—1504〕为师。
正是在诺瓦拉的影响下，他开始对地心说产生了怀疑。
1506年哥白尼回到波兰，一面在里兹堡从医，一面从事天文学的研究。
1512年舅舅去世，哥白尼移居弗洛恩堡，在大教堂任僧正。
教堂城墙的一角有座箭楼，哥白尼用它建立了一个小天文台。
他自制了各种仪器，孜孜不倦地从事天文观测和研究达30多年。
他在1510年写成的《浅说》初稿中，毫不含糊地指出：太阳是宇宙的中心体，地球和行星都围绕着太阳运动，只有月亮才真正围绕地球旋转。
1530年，终于圆满地完成了日心说的建立工作。
于1543年3月用《天体运动论》书名出版，全书共有六大卷。
由于呕心沥血的辛勤劳动，从1542年起哥白尼健康日益恶化，经常出血、中风。
1543年5月24日，哥白尼与世长辞，终年70岁。
据说他闭目的时候，还用冰冷的双手抚摸着刚刚印好的《天体运动论》样书。
二、科学成就哥白尼在科学上最大的成就是创立了以太阳为中心的地动学说〔日心说〕，否定了在西方统治达一千多年的以地球为中心的地静学说〔地心说〕。
哥白尼创立的日心说，即名著《天体运行论》的发表，不但是天文学上的一次伟大革命，推动了天文学研究的飞速发展，而且引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新，沉重地打击了封建神权的统治，“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来〞三、趣闻轶事1．人小志大哥白尼从小受到良好的学校教育，喜欢观察天象。
§语法归纳过去分词作表语和定语1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系：一是及物动词表被动意义（或已完成的被动动作）；二是不及物动词表示完成意义。
an organized trip有组织的旅行(被动)The question discussed was very important.被讨论的问题非常重要。
(即表被动又表完成)boiled water开水(完成)fallen leaves落叶(完成)(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，有时也放在被修饰的名词之后。
My friend is a returned student.我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
The excited people rushed into the hall.激动的人们冲进大厅。
There is no time left.没有多少时间了。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
Is there anything planned for tonight?＝Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?今晚安排了什么活动没有？The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.＝The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。
2.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态（用作表语的过去分词大多已形容词化）。
Unit 1Great scientists晨读晚练——先识记再仿写·及时巩固(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意默想下面单词的词性和意义，不会的做出标记并核对识记□1.characteristic□2.radium□3.analyse □4.physician□5.outbreak □6.victim□7.enquiry □8.neighbourhood□9.pump □10.firework□11.chart □12.positive□13.movement □14.reject□15.enthusiasticⅡ.写其形1.v t.暴露；揭露；使曝光2.v t. 吸收；吸引；使专心3.adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的；严格的4.v t. 预见；预知5.v t. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于n. 过失；责备6.n. 画家；油漆匠7.n. 柄；把手v t.处理；操纵核心单词练通1.[2021·北京卷]Some (专家) say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.2.[2021·天津卷6月]The arts clearly have a pretty (积极的)impact onphysical and psychological health.3.[2021·天津卷6月] Later I signed up for a parttime design course.I (attend)classes two nights a week.4.Researchers find (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests' plants and animal lives.5.The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty (defeat) the enemy.6.Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints (handle).7.[2021·天津卷6月] More engagement with the arts (连接) to a higher levelof people's wellbeing.8.(怀疑)the traveler of carrying drugs，the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.拓展单词用活记全记牢1.v t.& v i.结束；推断出→n．结论；结束2.n．挑战v t.向……挑战→adj.具有挑战性的3.v t.宣布；通告→n．通知；宣告→n．播音员；广播员4.v t.命令；指示；教导→n．指导；指示；用法说明→adj.指示性的；有教育意义的5.v t.建设；修建→n．建设；建筑物6.v t.& v i.捐献；贡献；捐助→n．捐献；贡献7.adj.小心的，谨慎的→n．小心；谨慎→ad v.小心地；谨慎地8.n．责任；负责→adj.有责任的；负责的9.adj.科学的→n．科学→n.科学家10.n．确信；确实→adj.确实的；肯定的→ad v.确定；肯定11.n．宇宙；世界→adj.普遍的；宇宙的→ad v.普遍地12.v t.污染；弄脏→n．污染用准用活1.[2020·天津卷]This led Jones to the (conclude)that there are too manyextremely lonely people in his community，who are easy targets of cheating.2.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]We hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the(science) and scholarly study of emotion.3.The writer personally ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his were gratefully received.(contribute)4.It's accepted that the originated from the big bang.(universe)5.The great bridge under is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to the large bridge.(construct)6.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new Ｗ. Last week I got a new job in a big firm，and I found it very Ｗ．(challenge)(二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高记全记牢1.提出2.使显露；暴露3.除……之外；此外4.讲得通；有意义5.得出结论6.将……和……联系/连接起来7.对……严格的8.应受谴责；应负责任9.态度；观点；看法10.减速11.通向；导致12.调查13.导致，有助于用准用活1.The German researchers finally that Italy should be to blame for COVID19.2.Up to now，the local government has a set of ideas to deal with unemployment.3.Though David talked about the origins of the universe，I didn't think what he said Ｗ．4.Mrs. Brown every student. However，her students think highly of her devotion to her work.5.helping the old read the newspaper and clean the house，we also chat with them.6.Doctor Snow suspected that the polluted water the disease，but he didn't find enough evidence.·会积累联想拓展·1.“观点；态度”的高频形容词①positive积极的②negative 消极的③subjective 主观的④objective 客观的⑤doubtful 怀疑的⑥critical 批评的2.名词用作动词的高频词语集锦①handle n．把手→v t.处理②nurse n．护士；护理→v t.照顾③face n．脸→v t.面对④defeat n. 失败→v t.打败；战胜⑤challenge n．挑战→v t.向……挑战⑥comfort n．安逸→v t.安慰3.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达①attend to/on/upon sb.②care for sb.③take care of sb.④look after sb.⑤show consideration for sb.⑥see after sb.(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高句式背诵句型1neither...nor...连接两个并列的句子成分。
必修5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1.explain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。
Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。
不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。
2.characteristicn. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。
3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
号顿市安谧阳光实验学校Unit 1 Great scientists (知识点剖析)单词·巧记·典句·考点characteristic ［k'æｒkt′rIstIk］ n.特点，特征；特性【巧记提示】 character(特征)+-istic(与……有关的)【经典例句】 A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live fora long time without water.骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。
【考点聚焦】 1）固定搭配：be characterisic of 表现了……的典型特色……2)副词形式为characteristically，在英语中副词常用来修饰整个句子，如：Characteristically，she paid for everyone.她按照她惯常的作法，为每一个人付了款。
3)切记characteristic表“特点”时，一般指与众不同的特征。
examine ［Iɡ′ｚæｍI ｎ］ v.检查；诊察；考察；测验【巧记提示】 exam(考试)+ine(字尾)【经典例句】 The detective examined the place for clues.侦探检查那个地方以获取线索。
【考点聚焦】辨析examine, inspect, investigate 和observe ：examine 表“检查，调查”的一般用语；inspect 表示“为搜寻过失或缺陷加以细查”；investigate 表示“为求得案件等的事实而调查、研究”；observe 表示“从旁观察”。
repeat ［rI′pi：ｔ］n.重复；重做；反复【巧记提示】 repeat （重复）→report（报告）【经典例句】 He repeated the poem again and again.他把那首诗重复了一遍又一遍。
