化学---河北省秦皇岛市青龙满族自治县木头凳中学2017-2018学年高一上学期期中考试试题

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第一学期高一年级期末考试数 学 试 题出卷人 黄小荣老师 审核人 何海峰老师 时限120分钟 总分150分一、选择题：（本题共有12小题，每小题5分, 共60分）1、已知全集}7,6,5,4,3,2,1{=U ，集合{}6,4,2=A ，集合{}7,5,3,1=B 则)(B C A U 等于 （ ）A ．{}6,4,2B ．{}5,3,1 C ．{}5,4,2 D ．{}5,2 2、下列函数中，在R 上单调递增的是（ ）.A y x = 2.log B y x = 13.C y x = .0.5x D y =3、设3.0log ,3.0,2223.0===c b a ，则c b a ,,的大小关系为 （ ）A ．c b a <<B ．c a b <<C ．b a c <<D ．a b c <<4、设1232,2()log (1),2x e x f x x x -⎧ <⎪=⎨-≥⎪⎩，则[(2)]f f 的值为 （ ） A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．35、函数()44xf x x e =--的零点所在区间为（ ） .(1,2)A .(0,1)B (1,0)C - .(2,1)D --6、 如果A (3, 1)、B (－2, k )、C (8, 11), 在同一直线上，那么k 的值是（ ）。

A. －6B. －7C. －8D. －97、已知过点(2,)A m -和(,4)B m 的直线与直线012=-+y x 平行，则m 的值为（ ）A ．0B ．8-C ．2D ．108、直线13kx y k -+=，当k 变动时，所有直线都通过定点（ ）A ．(0,0)B ．(0,1)C ．(3,1)D ．(2,1)9、圆()2211x y -+=的圆心到直线y x =的距离是 （ ）A 12B 2C 1 D10、两直线330x y +-=与610x my ++=平行，则它们之间的距离为（ ）A ．4BCD 11、已知圆C ：x 2+y 2+6x-4y+9=0,，下列点中位于圆C 外的点是 ( )(A)(-3,2) (B)(-2,3) (C)(-5,2) (D)(-2,4)12、已知圆x 2＋y 2＋Dx ＋Ey ＋F=0的圆心坐标为(-2，3)，半径为4，则D 、E 、F 分别等于( )(A)4、-6、-3 (B)-4、6、9 (C)-4、6、9 (D)4、-6、-913、圆C 与圆1)1(22=+-y x 关于直线x y -=对称，则圆C 的方程为( )A ．1)1(22=++y x B ．122=+y x C ．1)1(22=++y x D ．1)1(22=-+y x14、已知圆22:40C x y x +-=,l 过点(3,0)P 的直线,则（ ） A ．l 与C 相交 B ．l 与C 相切 C ．l 与C 相离 D ．以上三个选项均有可能15、圆22(2)4x y ++=与圆22(2)(1)9x y -+-=的位置关系为 （ ）A ．内切B ．相交C ．外切D ．相离 二、填空题：（本题共5小题, 每小题5分, 共25分）16、经过点(－2,－3) , 在x 轴、y 轴上截距相等的直线方程是 ；或 。

2017-2018学年度高一年级第一学期期末考试物理试卷一、单项选择题（共8个小题，每题4分，总分32分）1．下列关于单位制中的有关说法正确的是（）A．为了纪念牛顿，人们把“牛顿”作为力学中的基本单位B．物理学中把长度、质量、时间三个物理量被选作力学的基本物理量C．长度、速度和加速度的单位即米、米/秒和米/秒2都属于导出单位D．基本单位和导出单位和国际单位一起组成了单位制2.下列关于惯性的说法正确的是（）A. 汽车速度越大越难刹车，表明速度越大惯性越大B. 两个物体质量相同，惯性不一定相同C. 乒乓球可快速抽杀，是因为乒乓球惯性小D. 宇宙飞船中的物体处于完全失重状态，所以没有惯性3.如图所示，小孩用水平力推静止在水平地面上的大木箱，没有推动．关于木箱受到的力及它们的关系说法正确的是（）A. 重力、支持力、推力、摩擦力都属于电磁相互作用B. 木箱受到的推力是因为小孩发生了形变C. 推力方向和摩擦力方向相同D. 推力大小小于摩擦力4.如图所示，用细绳连接的质量相等的甲、乙两物块，悬挂在轻质弹簧下面静止不动，将细绳剪断瞬间（）A. 甲的加速度方向向上B. 乙的加速度方向向上C. 乙的加速度大小为0D. 甲的加速度大小为2g5.关于摩擦力正确的说法是（）A. 有弹力一定有摩擦力B.压力越大，摩擦力越大C.摩擦力的方向一定与物体运动方向相反D.摩擦力的方向可能与物体运动方向相同6.作用于同一物体上的三个力，可能使物体做匀速直线运动的是（）A. 2N、3N、6NB. 4N、5N、6NC. 5N、5N、15ND. 2N、7N、10 N7.如图所示，电梯的顶部挂一个弹簧秤，秤下端挂了一个重物，电梯静止时，弹簧秤的示数为12N，在某时刻电梯中的人观察到弹簧秤的示数变为18N．关于电梯的运动，下列说法正确的是（g取10m/s2）（）A. 电梯可能向上加速运动，加速度大小为10m/s2B. 电梯可能向下加速运动，加速度大小为10m/s2C. 电梯可能向上减速运动，加速度大小为5m/s2D. 电梯可能向下减速运动，加速度大小为5m/s28.如图所示，质量为3kg的物体放在粗糙水平面上，现用F=10N的力斜向下推物体，F与水平面的夹角θ=37°，物体与水平面间的动摩擦因数μ=0.3，下列说法正确的是（g取10m/s2，sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8）（）A. 物体对地面的压力为30NB. 物体所受的摩擦力为10NC. 物体仍然处于静止状太D. 物体将由静止开始做匀加速直线运动二、双项选择题（共4小题，每题4分，对而不全得2分，计16分）9.关于伽利略对自由落体运动的研究，下列说法正确的是（）A. 伽利略认为，在同一地点，重的物体下落的快，轻的物体下落的慢B. 伽利略猜想运动速度与下落时间成正比，并且实验测出不同时刻的速度，验证了他的猜想C. 伽利略通过猜想，数学推演，做铜球对斜面运动的实验，并将实验结果合理外推，最终得到自由落体运动的速度与时间成正比D. 伽利略设想，斜面倾角越接近90°，小球沿斜面滚下的运动越接近自由落体运动10.如图所示，三段绳子悬挂一物体，开始时OA、OB绳与竖直方向夹角θ=30°，现使O点保持不动，把OB绳子的悬点移到竖直墙与O点在同一水平面的C点，在移动过程中，则关于OA、OB绳拉力的变化情况，正确的是（）A. OA绳上的拉力一直在增大B. OA绳上的拉力先增大后减小C. OB绳上拉力先减小后增大D. OB绳上拉力先增大后减小11．一个大人和一个小孩做拔河比赛，结果大人把小孩拉过来了，对这个过程中作用于双方的力的关系，正确的是（）A．大人拉小孩的力一定比小孩拉大人的力大B．大人拉小孩的力与小孩拉大人的力是一对作用力与反作用力C．大人拉小孩的力与小孩拉大人的力大小一定相等D．只有在大人把小孩拉动的过程中，大人的力才比小孩的力大，在可能出现的短暂相持过程中，两人的拉力一样大12.如图所示，沿水平方向做匀变速直线运动的车厢中，悬挂小球的悬线偏离竖直方向的夹角θ=37°，小球和车厢相对静止，小球的质量为1kg（sin 37°=0.6，cos 37°=0.8，取g=10m/s2）．则（）A．小车可能向右做匀加速直线运动，加速度大小为7.5 m/s2B．小车可能向左做匀加速直线运动，加速度大小为,12.5 m/s2C．悬线对小球的拉力大小为12.5ND．悬线对小球的拉力大小为7.5N三、填空题（计22分）13.黄华同学用如图所示的实验装置来测定物体与滑板间的滑动摩擦力。

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第一学期高一年级期末考试地理试题出卷人陈丽冉老师审核人★★老师时限90分钟总分100分一、选择题（本题有40小题，每小题1.5分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项，不选、多选、错选都不得分）1. 天文学家计量“可见宇宙”的大小，通常用的距离单位是（）A. 米B. 千米C. 纳米D. 光年【答案】D【解析】试题分析：“宇”代表空间，“宙”代表时间，“宇宙”在空间上无边无际，时间上无始无终。

由于人类探索宇宙的能力十分有限。

从此种意义说，总星系就是天文学家所说的可见宇宙。

可见宇宙的半径约140亿光年。

可见宇宙的空间也是很大的，所以只能用单位距离较大的光年计量。

故选D。

考点：本题主要考查宇宙空间无限性的相关知识。

点评：本题组难度低，解答本题的关键是学生要掌握宇宙的特点的相关知识。

2. 下列天体系统中,不包含地球在内的是A. 银河系B. 总星系C. 太阳系D. 河外星系【答案】D【解析】考查天体系统。

地球围绕太阳公转构成了太阳系，太阳系和其他恒星星系构成了更高级的银河系，我们把银河系以外与银河系同一级别的天体系统统称河外星系，银河系和河外星星系构成了更高级的总星系。

因此不包括地球的天体系统应是河外星系。

故选D。

3. 地球的“左邻右舍”是：（）A. 木星土星B. 金星火星C. 海王星土星D. 火星木星【答案】B【解析】考查地球的位置。

地球在宇宙中的位置：是太阳系中八大行星之一。

按距太阳由近到远顺序排列，八大行星依次是水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。

所以在太阳系九大行星中，火星的“左邻右舍”分别是地球和木星。

故选B。

4. 地球成为太阳系既普通又特殊的行星，它的特殊性主要表现在A. 地球既能自转，又能绕太阳公转运动B. 地球上有大气C. 地球的质量、体积及运动状况与其他行星有很大不同D. 地球上有高级智慧生命【答案】D【解析】地球是目前已知的唯一存在高级智慧生命的天体。

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第一学期高二年级期末考试化学试题C：12 H：1 O：16一、单项选择题（本题包括15小题，每小题3分，45分。

每小题只是一个．．．．选项符合题意）1．在下列过程中，需要加快化学反应速率的是（）A. 钢铁腐蚀B.食物的腐败C.工业的冶炼D.塑料的老化2.下列反应中，属于氧化还原反应同时又是吸热反应( )A.Ba(OH)2·8H2O与NH4Cl反应B.铝与稀盐酸反C.灼热的炭与CO2反应D.甲烷与O2的燃烧反应3、在25℃、101 kPa下，1 g甲醇燃烧生成CO2和液态水时放热22.68 kJ,下列热化学方程式正确的是（）A.CH3OH（l）+O2（g）===CO2（g）+2H2O（l）；ΔH=+725.8 kJ/molB.2CH3OH（l）+3O2（g）===2CO2（g）+4H2O（l）；ΔH=－1452 kJ/molC.2CH3OH（l）+3O2（g）===2CO2（g）+4H2O（l）；ΔH=－725.8 kJ/molD.2CH3OH（l）+3O2（g）===2CO2（g）+4H2O（l）；ΔH=+1452 kJ/mol4．下列微粒，不能破坏水的电离的是（）A．HCO3－B．Fe3+ C．Cl－D．Al3+5．设C + CO2 ==CO(正反应为放热反应)反应速度为V1 ,N2+3H2 ===2NH3(正反应为吸热反应)反应速度为V2，对于上述反应，当温度升高时，V1和V2的变化情况为（）A .同时增大 B.同时减小 C.增大、减小 D.减小、增大6．在由水电离产生的H＋浓度为1×10－13mol/L的溶液中，一定能大量共存的离子组是（）A．K＋、Cl－、NO3－、S2－B．K＋、Fe2＋、I－、SO42－C．Na＋、Cl－、NO3－、SO42－D．Na＋、Ca2＋、Cl－、HCO3－7. 能说明溶液呈中性最可靠的依据是( )A.PH=7B.C(H+)=C(OH-)C. PH不变色D.石蕊试液不变色8.相同条件下,将等体积等PH的醋酸和盐酸溶液分别加水稀释后,溶液的PH仍相同,则所得溶液的体积为( )A. 仍相同B. 醋酸大C盐酸大 D.无法判断9．在一定温度下的固定容积的密闭容器中，反应A2(g)＋B2(g) ==2AB(g)，达到平衡的标志是（）A．容器内的总压强、密度和平均相对分子质量均不随时间变化B．单位时间内生成n mol A2，同时生成n mol ABC．容器内A2、B2、AB的物质的量之比1∶1∶2D．单位时间内生成2n mol的AB同时生成n mol的B210．在2A+B的反应中，下列用不同物质的变化表示该反应的速率最快的是( )A．vA =0.7mol·L－1·min－1B．vB=0.3mol·L－1·min－1C．vC =0.9mol·L－1·min－1D．vD=1.1mol·L－1·min－111、在一定条件下发生下列反应，其中属于盐类水解反应的是( )A．NH4+＋2H2O NH3·H2O＋H+ B．HCO3－+ H2O H+ + CO32－C．HS－＋H＋＝H2S D．Cl2＋H2O H＋＋Cl－＋HClO12.下图有关电化学的示意图正确的是13.将纯水加热至较高温度，下列叙述正确的是( ) A水的离子积变大、pH变小、呈酸性B水的离了积不变、pH不变、呈中性C 水的离子积变小、pH变大、呈碱性D水的离子积变大、pH变小、呈中性14.在0.1 mol·L－1 CH3COOH溶液中存在如下电离平衡：CH 3COOH CH 3COO －＋H +对于该平衡，下列叙述正确的是（ ）A.加入水时，平衡向逆反应方向移动B.加入少量NaOH 固体，平衡向正反应方向移动C.加入少量0.1 mol·L －1 HCl 溶液，溶液中c(H +)减小D.加入少量CH 3COONa 固体，平衡向正反应方向移动15.物质的量浓度相同的三种盐溶液NaX NaY 和NaZ 溶液,其中PH 分别为8 9 10 ,则HX HY HZ 的酸性由强到弱的顺序是 ( )A HX HZ HYB HX HY HZC HZ HY HXD HY HZ HX二、单项选择题（本题包括7小题，每小题3分，21分。

河北省秦皇岛市青龙木头凳中学高一化学期末试卷含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 1866年凯库勒提出了苯的单、双键交替的正六边形平面结构，解释了苯的部分性质，但还有一些问题尚未解决，它不能解释下列事实中的A．苯不能使溴水褪色 B．邻二溴苯只有一种C．溴苯没有同分异构体 D．苯能与H2发生加成反应参考答案：AB略2. 某锂电池的电池总反应为4Li＋2SOCl2=4LiCl＋S＋SO2↑，下列有关说法正确的是（）A. 锂电极作电池负极，放电过程中发生还原反应B. 1 mol SOCl2发生电极反应转移的电子物质的量为4 molC. 组装该电池必须在无水、无氧的条件下进行D. 电池的正极反应为2SOCl2＋2e－=4Cl－＋S＋SO2 ↑参考答案：C试题分析：A、电池反应中锂元素的化合价由0价升高到+1价，故放电过程中锂电极发生氧化反应，错误；B、1 mol SOCl2发生电极反应转移的电子物质的量为2 mol，错误；C、锂为活泼金属，常温下能与氧气、水剧烈反应，故组装该电池必须在无水、无氧的条件下进行，正确；D、电池的正极反应为2SOCl2＋4e－=4Cl－＋S＋SO2 ↑，错误。

3. 在下图所表示的微粒中，氧化性最强的是（）参考答案：B略4. 只用溴水就可以将下列物质鉴别出来的是A．水、CCl4、酒精、汽油B．NaCl溶液、NaBr溶液、NaI溶液、NaOH溶液C．AgNO3溶液、NaOH溶液、KI溶液、CCl4D．CCl4、酒精、NaCl溶液、KI-淀粉溶液参考答案：C5. 下列有关实验的叙述中，不正确的是A．新制的氯水保存在棕色试剂瓶中B．少量金属钠保存在煤油中C．氯气与烧碱溶液或石灰乳反应都能得到含氯消毒剂D．用鼻子对着盛有氯气的瓶口，嗅氯气的气味参考答案：D略6. 下列变化中，一定不存在化学能与热能相互转化的是A．炭与水蒸气反应 B．金属钝化 C．干冰气化 D．燃放爆竹参考答案：C略7. 实验室欲配制100mL l.0mol/L Na2CO3溶液，下列操作正确的是（）A. 用托盘天平称量Na2CO3?10H2O晶体10.6g，倒入烧杯中加适量的水溶解B. 当烧杯中固体全部溶解后，立即用玻璃棒引流转移至容量瓶中C. 定容时如果加水超过了刻度线，用胶头滴管直接吸出多余部分D. 若配制时，俯视液面定容，所配溶液的浓度偏高，再补加少量蒸馏水至刻度线参考答案：D【名师点睛】本题考查了配制一定物质的量浓度溶液，明确配制过程是解题关键，注意容量瓶的使用方法，题目难度不大。

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第一学期高一年级期中考试数学试题出卷人 黄小荣老师 审核人 王学番老师 时限120分钟 总分150分 一、选择题：（本题共有12小题，每小题5分, 共60分）1．已知全集{}5,4,3,2,1=U ，且{}4,3,2=A ，{}2,1=B ，则A ∩(C U B ）=（ ）。

A ．{}2B ．{}5C ．{}4,3D ．{}5,4,3,22．设集合{24}A x x =≤<，{3782}B x x x =-≥-，则A ∪B 等于( ).{3}A x x ≥ .{2}B x x ≥ .{23}C x x ≤< .{4}D x x ≥3、如下图可作为函数)(x f =的图像的是( )A BC D4、下列各式中成立的是 （ ）A ．1777()m n m n= B ．C ．34223log 3log 34= D ．5、设25a bm ==，且112a b+=，则m = 106．下列说法错误的是（ ）。

A ．x x y +=2是偶函数B ．23x x y +=是奇函数C ．偶函数的图象关于y 轴对称D ．奇函数的图象关于原点中心对称 7、若偶函数)(x f 在(]1,-∞-上是增函数，则下列关系式中成立的是（ ） A )2()1()23(f f f <-<- B )2()23()1(f f f <-<-C )23()1()2(-<-<f f f D )1()23()2(-<-<f f fxyOx y Ox y O x yO8、已知函数则的值为 （ ）A.B.4C.2D.9．函数y ＝ax －2＋1（a ＞0，a ≠1）的图象必经过点（ ）A ．（0，1）B ．（1，1）C ．（2，0）D ．（2，2）10．下列函数中,在区间()0,1上是增函数的是（ ）A ．x y =B ．x y -=3C ．xy 1=D ．42+-=x y 11．函数32)(2+-=mx x x f ，当),2[+∞-∈x 时是增函数，当]2,(--∞∈x 时是减函数，则)1(f 等于 （ ）A.-3B.13C.7D.由m 而定的常数 12. 函数2()9(0)f x ax a =->在[0,3]上的最大值是（ ）.9A .9(1)B a - .9C a - 2.9D a -二、填空题：（本题共4小题, 每小题5分, 共20分） 13、函数f(x)= (a-1)x在R 上是减函数，则a 的取值范围_____ 14、三个数20.320.3,log 22a b c ===从小到大排列为 。

木头凳中学2018-2019学年度第一学期第一次月考试题（考试内容：必修一专题一古代中国的政治制度）班级：姓名：分数：(时间：60分钟满分：100分)一、选择题(本大题共12题，每小题4分，共48分)1.按照周初礼制，周王用九鼎，诸侯用七鼎。

1962年湖北随州墓出土了制造精美的九鼎八墓。

据此可知该墓主所处的时代A. 周统治中心在随州B. 分封制遭破坏C. 青铜冶炼技术成熟D. 宗法等级森严2.秦政府规定：官吏必须经过国家正式任命才能奏效；未经任命而先行任职，或受私人派遣任职者均要受到法律治罪。

官吏一经任命，必须服从调遣，且不准带随员赴任；到了新任职位之后，也不得随意除其故官佐，更以之新官……违者依法治罪。

这些规定，旨在A. 强化君主专制B. 规范官吏从政C. 树立法律权威D. 加强中央集权3.在秦朝朝议中，有发言权的不仅是三公九卿，没有具体行政职责的博士也可进言。

据此可知朝议制度A. 减少了君主决策的失误B. 阻止了皇帝的恣意妄为C. 保证中央机构的独立性D. 标志秦代中央官制完善4. 有位学者在论及三公九卿时说：“论其性质，均近于为王室之家务官，乃皇帝之私臣，而非国家之政务官，非政府正式之官吏”，政府“有几处亦只是一个家庭规模之扩大”。

此材料表明A. 三公九卿之间各司其职B. 王室与政府管理职责分开C. 权力分工结构体现原始色彩D. 三公九卿之间互相牵制5.学者王亚楠指出，“因为有了这一项根本决定，任何贵族就没有‘食土子民’的权能。

经济政治大权集中于一身，他就有无上的富、无上的贵、无上的尊严，‘朕即国家’”。

材料中的“根本决定”应是( ) A. 设立皇帝称号 B. 规定王位世袭C. 分封子弟为王D. 推行郡县制度6.开元年间，薛王李业的舅舅违法遭御史弹劾，并依法治罪。

李业找玄宗求情，玄宗念舅甥之亲，下令重新审案，旨在宽免。

宰相姚崇坚持执法，绝不宽待，玄宗只好作罢。

这反映出唐朝时期A. 皇权受到一定制约B. 贵族政治走向衰落C. 大臣专权现象严重D. 伦理道德受到挑战7.在北宋，关于监察官员的遴选，司马光说：“凡择言事官，当以三事为先，第一不爱富贵，次则重惜名节，次则晓知治体。

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第一学期高一年级期末考试英语试题时限120分钟总分150分第Ⅰ卷一、单项选择（共15题，满分30分）1. _____ your classmates and you will make more good friends.A、Worry aboutB、Fall in love withC、Think aboutD、Get along well with2. I don’t think she is a nice woman; I am _____ her empty talk.A、grateful forB、tired ofC、crazy aboutD、concerned about3. My parents and I are flying to London for a holiday and I’ll ________the chance to practice my spoken English.A、come up withB、make use ofC、get along withD、get tired of4. The old pianist wouldn’t listen to our repeated request that he________in public again.A、playB、playedC、would playD、was going to play5. He thinks only of himself；he doesn’t other people.A、care aboutB、take careC、care ofD、care for6. —Do you often cook at home，Lucy? —No.It is my husband does most of the housework.A、thatB、whomC、whatD、which7. Can you lend me the book ______ the other day?A、about which you talkedB、which you talkedC、about that you talkedD、that you talked8. Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.A、I realizedB、I had realizedC、had I realizedD、did I realize9. Yang Liwei is regarded as our national hero，who is________.A、thinking high ofB、thought high ofC、highly thought ofD、thinking highly of10. I lost a book________ I can't remember now.A、whose titleB、its titleC、the title of itD、the title of that11. They asked him to tell them everything he saw at the front.A、whoB、thatC、whichD、where12. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers.A、whenB、whereC、whichD、that13. The Internet in______you can have a lot of fun can also be a dangerous thing sometimes.A、whichB、thatC、whereD、when14. A good friend is a person________ we tum for help when we are in trouble.A、whoB、whomC、to whomD、to which15. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A、to whomB、on whomC、with whichD、with whom16. —Many people are suffering from the earthquake.—I see. Food and clothes should be sent to them.A、on purposeB、at presentC、right awayD、ever since17. I do not feel equal to________ her the truth.A、tellB、toldC、tellingD、being told18. For all these years, I have been working for others. I'm hoping I'll ________my own business someday.A、turn upB、set upC、fix upD、make up19. The American girl has a good________ of Chinese and can express herself freely in the language.A、itemB、seriesC、commandD、usage20. —What is the_____ language of India? —English.A、entireB、nativeC、officialD、normal二、阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)A21. Zhu Yawen is a(n) _______ .A. writerB. actorC. pilotD. singer22. Wang Yaping became China’s first teacher in space in _______.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 201423. Perhat won the _______ place in The Voice of China Ⅲ.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth24. From the passage, we know _______.A. Red Sorghum is a famous songB. Ning Zetao is very good at swimmingC. Wang Yaping is the first pilot in ChinaD. The Voice of China Ⅲonly has male championsBA student was one day taking a walk with his teacher. As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path. They were a poor farme r’s, who was working in the nearby field.The student turned to the teacher, saying: “we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those trees, and wait to see what he will do.”“My young friend,” answered the teacher, “we should never make fun of the poor. Why not put a coin in each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch?” The student did so and they both hid themselves behind the trees. The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.After putting on his coat, he put his foot into one of his shoes, and felt something hard. Then he bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin. Surprised, he looked at the coin, turned it around and looked at it again. He then looked around, but no person was seen. He put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe. His surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.He couldn’t control his feelings and fell to his knees, looked up to the sky and expressed his thanks. Then he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.The student stood there deeply moved, and his eyes filled with tears. “Now,” said the teacher, “are you not much happier than if you had hidden the shoes?”25. When the student saw the shoes, he wanted to _____.A. steal themB. find their ownerC. play a joke on the ownerD. give the owner some money26. According to the passage, the teacher is _____.A. quiet and honestB. kind and friendlyC.impatient and cleverD. strict and careful27. When the farmer saw the second coin, he _____.A. was very excited and gratefulB. was worried and looked up at the skyC. was surprised and decided to find the ownerD. spoke of his difficulties and asked for more help28. At the end of the story, the student _____.A. was very proud of himselfB. was very pleased with his lifeC. felt very sorry about his first ideaD. felt sa d for not taking his teacher’s adviceCMany teens in high school want to try out for sports. A lot of them try out because they think it will make them popular or get them more dates. While this may seem like a silly reason, there are lots of other benefits to sports that your children may fail to notice.With TV, movies, computers and video games becoming more and more popular, it has become so much easier for teens to be by themselves rather than going out with friends. Kids used to go hang out at the mall or drive around town; now they just sit at home. Getting your teens into a sport gives them a chance to go out and spend time with other people socially. While they may not find a new best friend, they will learn how to communicate with one another and work as a team and they’ll find something useful later in life.More and more kids are becoming overweight. Joining a team sport will help teens get out and get some exercise without feeling pressured to lose weight or get in shape. What’s more, if your teens see that their physical condition is causing them to under-perform, they may be encouraged to do other activities to get healthy. By the time your children reach their teenager year, part of good parenting will be providing them with direction and encouragement and continuing to help them develop a healthy style of living.These days, it’s becoming harder to show your teenagers that you love and support them. A great way to do this is by showing up to their game, helping them practice, and helping with team fundraisers. These are also great ways to spend time with your kids and talk to them.You may think “but my teen isn’t good enough to make their school team”.There are plenty of other places besides school to play team sports. You can always check o ut “for-fun” teams. You could look into more unknown sports that you may not have thought of, did you know that bowling is a NCAA team sports If you do a little research, you’re sure to find something your teen will enjoy.Team sports are a great way for teens to get out of the house, get moving, make friends, and even get a scholarship to college. So why not talk to them about getting into sports today29. After joining a sport, children may .A. lose weight without any pressureB. find little pressure in learningC. be forced to do some exerciseD. be provided with good parenting30. What does the under lined word “this” refer to?A. To help teens develop a healthy lifestyle.B. To show love to your teens.C. To enable teens to know more about new places.D. To motivate teens to get healthy.31. Why did the author write this passage?A. To explain some non-competitive sports.B. To encourage parents to join their children in sports.C. To introduce the advantages of sports for teens.D. To stress the importance of teamwork in sports.DTo foreigners Chinese food isn’t a meal. It’s an experience. Failing to order the right food and struggling with chopsticks are only parts of the adventure every time I sit down in a restaurant.In one of our favorite Sichuan restaurants, it took 3 waiters and 15 minutes for us to order only our drinks. I simply wanted water, but my dad wanted to try the fresh juice they had listed on the menu. There were two problems, however. There were neither pictures nor English on the menu. After several hand gestures, heended up ordering just a coca cola to simplify things.One of our most embarrassing moments was at Xiabuxiabu, a very famous hotpot chain. As soon as we walked in, the entire restaurant seemed to stare at us. Uncomfortable already, we had the most difficulty ordering our meal, since there were so many steps to the whole process. Fortunately, the waitress was very patient and successfully gave us our food. Although it was not the best food I had in Beijing, it was certainly entertaining dropping things into the boiling pot of soup. Once, I tried picking up a dumpling to show my father and dropped it onto his pants. I looked behind me, and people were laughing secretly at my chopstick skills.No matter how many difficulties we have regarding food, our experiences give the best stories to tell. The servers are always understanding of our situation and their friendliness is exceptional. They always greet us with a big smile even when they realize they have to clean up the noodles slipped through our clumsy chopsticks.32. The author and his father find it difficult to order food, because ______A. he has never been to China before.B. they are treated badly.C. Chinese food culture is complex.D. no pictures or English go with the food.33. What may make the author feel embarrassed most?A. The use of chopsticks.B. The Chinese language.C. The name of Chinese food.D. The attitudes towards foreigners.34. How does the author feel about having dinner in China?A. Excited.B. Thrilled.C. Satisfied.D. Disappointed.35. The passage mainly introduces _________.A. the kindness of Chinese peopleB. varieties of Chinese foodC. the chopstick challenge in a restaurantD. experiences of having Chinese foodEHow to stay in a good moodIt’s typical to feel your mood starting to become bad. If you want to be able to stay in a good mood, then you have to form these habits that will keep you feeling happy.Don’t take love for granted.If y ou’re lucky enough to have a special someone, then you should make your time together meaningful. 36 Make time to spend time with your special someone. Being around your loved one has been proven to make people happier. Get regular exercise.Regular exercise is one of the most important habits that you need to form.37 You can go running three times a week and walk the other four. Just make sure to be as active as you can every day.Spend time with your friends.38 Of course, don’t alwa ys hang out with friends when you have a free moment. Make sure you do make time to see friends at least once or twice a week, if you can.Get enough sleep.39 One of the easiest ways to stay in a good mood is to be well-rested. Waking up feeling full of energy will make you feel much more ready to face the day and much more excited about everything ahead of you.40If you want to stay in a good mood, then you have to make sure that you eat three healthy and diverse meals every day. Start off with a healthy breakfast, and don’t skip this meal no matter what things happen. Have light snacks throughout the day, like yogurt or fruit, to keep you energetic.A. Have a healthy eating schedule.B. Do begin with a healthy breakfast in the morning.C. However, you don’t have to do the same boring old thing every day.D. Don’t stop doing the things you love with the person you love.E. Hanging out with friends will keep you feeling aliveF. Make sure that you sleep for 7-8 hours a day.G. Once you start exercising, do the same sports at the regular time every day.三、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)A beautiful girl was shopping with her mother in Blue-sky Market. It was 41 hard outside．Many people all stood there under the awning（遮雨篷）．They waited，some patiently(耐心的)，others impatiently because of the bad weather.The girl’s 42 was so sweet. "Mom, let’s run through the rain，”she said suddenly．“What？”Mom asked.“Let’s run through the rain！”“No, Honey．We’ll 43 until it slows down a bit，”Mom replied．The child waited about another 44 and repeated, “Mom，let’s run through the rain．”“We’ll get 45 if we do,”Mom said.“No，we won’t , Mom．That’s not what you said this 46 ”the young girl said as she tugged（拽）at her mom’s arm．“This morning ? 47 did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet？”“Don’t you 48 ? When you were talking to Daddy 49 his cancer, you said, ‘If God can get us through this, he can get us through 50 ！”’The people became _51 ．Nothing could be 52 but the rain．Mom thought for amoment about what she would say．“Honey, you are 53 ．Let’s run through the rain.”54 they ran off. People all stood watching, smiling and laughing as they 55 past the cars and throughthe puddles（水坑）.They 56 their shopping bags over their heads ．They got wet through，but they were 57 by a few who laughed like children all the 58 to their cars.People can 59 your money and health, but no one can ever take away your memories. So, don’t 60 to make time to make memories every day．41. A. blowing B．snowing C. raining D. shining42. A. sound B．voice C. noise D. language43. A. leave B. go C. run D. wait44. A. second B. minute C. month D. day45. A. wet B．hurt C. lost D. bad46. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. night47. A. When B. What C. Why D. How48. A. say B. stop C. ask D. remember49. A. with B．for C. about D. of50. A. something B. anything C. other D. another51. A. surprised B. sad C. silent D. nervous52. A. seen B．smelled C. heard D. known53. A. right B. clever C. stupid D. brave54. A. Because B. While C. Then D. But55. A．walked B．rushed C．jumped D. stepped56. A. held B. brought C. threw D. pushed57. A. watched B．helped C. saved D. followed58. A. time B. way C. direction D. money59. A. take away B. take up C. take off D. take back60. A. try B. hope C. forget D. decide四、词组填空 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)1.故意2.为了3.利用、使用4.下决心、决定5.仿佛、好像6.失业7.设立、建立 8. 处于交战状态9. 事实上 10.属于11.照常 12.立刻、马上13.看重、器重 14.作为…而出名15.信不信由你六、书面表达(满分20分)假如你是“Heart to Heart”栏目的编辑Jane，最近你收到张华的一封来信，她在信中说，由于刚进入高中，还不能适应环境，不知道如何去交新朋友，因而情绪低落。

河北省秦皇岛市青龙满族自治县木头凳中学2018-2019学年高一化学期末学业水平测试试题一、单选题1．配制一定物质的量浓度的Na2CO3溶液，下列操作会使溶液浓度偏高的是A.少量Na2CO3固体残留在称量纸上B.溶解Na2CO3时烧杯中有少量蒸馏水C.转移时没有洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒D.定容至液面最高处与刻度线相平2．恒温恒容, 4A(s)+3B(g)2C(g)+D(g)经2min，B的浓度减少0.6mol·L－1,下列说法正确的是A．用A表示的反应速率是0.4mol·L－1·min－1B．分别用B、C表示反应的速率，其关系是：3υ(B)=2υ(C)C．2min末的反应速率υ(B)=0.3mol·L－1·min－1D．气体的密度不再变化，则证明反应已经达到平衡状态3．某小组为研究电化学原理，设计如图装置，下列叙述不正确的是（）A．a和b不连接时，铁片上会有金属铜析出B．a和b用导线连接时，铁片上发生的反应为：Fe-2e-=Fe3+C．a和b用导线连接时，电流从Cu片流向铁片D．a和b用导线连接时，Cu2+向铜电极移动4．下列化学反应，在从海中提取金属镁的过程中，不会涉及的是A．Mg2++2OH- =Mg(OH)2↓B．Mg(OH)2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OC．MgCl2（熔融）Mg+Cl2↑D．Mg(OH)2ΔMgO+H2O5．下列化合物中，不能通过单质间化合直接制取的是（）A．FeCl2 B．CuCl2 C．Na2O2 D．Na2O6．设N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列叙述中正确的是A．常温常压下，11.2 L氧气所含的分子数为N AB．1.8 g 的NH4+中含有的电子数为N AC．常温常压下，48 g O3含有的氧原子数为N AD．24 g金属镁变为镁离子时失去的电子数为N A7．有关Fe(OH)3胶体的说法不正确的是A．呈红褐色B．Fe(OH)3胶体粒子的直径介于1-100 nm之间C．用一束光照射它，能观察到一条光亮的通路D．往饱和FeCl3溶液中加入NaOH溶液，可以制备Fe(OH)3胶体8．下列方法中，不能用于实验室制取氨的是A．加热试管中的氯化铵固体B．在烧瓶中将熟石灰和氯化铵混合，加水调成泥状后加热C．将分液漏斗中的浓氨水滴入装有生石灰的烧瓶中D．将烧瓶中的浓氨水加热9．为了除去括号内的杂质，其试剂选择和分离方法都正确的是10．下列化学用语正确的是A．CO2的电子式：B．CH4的比例模型：C．硫原子的结构示意图：D．NaCl的电子式：11．下列说法不正确的是A．SiO2是一种空间立体网状结构的晶体，熔点高、硬度大B．石英坩埚不能用来熔融纯碱固体C．因SiO2不溶于水，故SiO2不是酸性氧化物D．氢氟酸能够刻蚀玻璃，故不能用玻璃瓶来盛装氢氟酸12．下列实验装置图所示的实验操作，不能达到相应的实验目的是A．闻气体的气味 B．用浓硫酸干燥CO2C．向容量瓶中转移液体 D．用海水提取淡水13．下列物质属于纯净物的是( )A.氯水B.液氯C.盐酸D.漂白粉14．化学与人类生产、生活密切相关，下列说法正确的是( )A．高纯度的硅单质广泛用于制作光导纤维B．Na2SiO3水溶液俗称水玻璃，是制备硅胶和木材防火剂的原料C．金属可分为“黑色金属”和“有色金属”，铁及其合金都属于“有色金属”D．食品包装里常有硅胶、还原铁粉两类小包，其作用相同15．工业上用洗净的废铜屑作原料来制备硝酸铜，为节约原料和防止环境污染，宜采用的方法是（）A．Cu＋HNO3（稀）Cu(NO3)2B．Cu＋HNO3（浓）Cu(NO3)2C．Cu CuSO4Cu(NO3)2D．Cu CuO Cu(NO3)216．下列离子在溶液中能大量共存的是A．Fe3+、 NH4+、SCN－、Cl－ B．Na+、OH－、SiO32－、Cl－C．Fe2+ 、H+、Na+、NO3－ D．Na+、HCO3－、SO42－、OH－17．以下非金属氧化物与其引起的环境问题及主要来源对应不正确的是( )18．某溶液中可能存在Mg2+、Fe2+、Fe3+，加入NaOH溶液，开始时有白色絮状沉淀生成，沉淀迅速变成灰绿色，最后变成红褐色，下列结论正确的是A．一定有Fe2＋，一定没有Fe3+、Mg2+B．一定有Fe3＋，一定没有Fe2＋、Mg2＋C．一定有Fe3＋，可能有Fe2＋，一定没有Mg2+D．一定有Fe2＋，可能有Mg2＋，一定没有Fe3+19．用N A代表阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列有关说法正确的是A．1 mol Cl2中含有的原子数为N AB．标准状况下，22.4L SO3含有分子数N AC．常温常压下，46g NO2气体中含有的氧原子数为2N AD．钠在氧气中燃烧，1 mol O2作氧化剂时得到的电子数为4N A20．化学物质丰富多彩，下列有关物质的说法正确的是（）A．漂白粉、盐酸、碘酒和液氯都属于混合物B．过氧化钠是一种强氧化剂，不可作为氧气来源C．熔融氯化钠，盐酸和铜都能导电，所以都属于电解质D．夏日的傍晚常常看到万丈霞光，该现象属于胶体的丁达尔效应21．关于钠元素的单质及其化合物的叙述中，不正确的是( )A．过氧化钠是白色固体B．大量的钠着火时可以用沙子扑灭C．金属钠在空气中长期放置，最终变为碳酸钠D．钠是银白色、质软、熔点相对较低、密度比水小的金属单质22．关于下列各装置图的叙述中，正确的是（）A．实验室用装置①分离碘酒中的碘和酒精B．装置②中X若为四氯化碳，可用于吸收氨气，并防止倒吸C．装置③可用于制备氢氧化亚铁并观察其颜色D．装置④可用于比较Na2CO3、NaHCO3的热稳定性23．已知Cu2O能与稀硝酸反应: Cu2O+HNO3→Cu(NO3)2+NO↑+H2O(未配平)，若生成的NO在标况下的体积为0.448L，下列说法正确的是A．转移的电子总数为0.06N AB．作氧化剂的HNO3是0.14molC．至少需要0.5mo/L的硝酸140mL与Cu2O反应D．被氧化的Cu2O是144g24．化学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学，下列实验操作或实验评价不正确的是A．用酒精灯加热铝箔至熔化，铝并不滴落，说明氧化铝的熔点比铝高B．可选用CCl4作萃取剂萃取溴水中的溴单质C．蒸馏时温度计的位置如图所示，则温度计所示温度低于馏出物的沸点D．配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，定容时俯视刻度线会导致所配溶液浓度偏高25．下列反应可用离子方程式H++OH-=H2O表示的是( )A.NH4Cl+NaOH NaCl+NH3↑+H2OB.Mg(OH)2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OC.2NaOH+H2CO3=Na2CO3+2H2OD.NaOH+HNO3=NaNO3+H2O二、填空题26．某烧杯中盛有100 mL FeCl3和CuCl2的混合液，混合溶液中c(FeCl3)＝2 mol/L，c(CuCl2)＝1mol/L。

河北省秦皇岛青龙县联考2018-2019学年高一化学期末调研试卷一、单选题1．下列说法正确的是（）A．硫粉在过量的纯氧中燃烧可以生成SO3B．可以用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2C．SO2能使酸性KMnO4水溶液褪色，是因为SO2有漂白性D．SO2通入到紫色石蕊试液中，溶液只变红不褪色2．下列变化不可能通过一步反应直接完成的是（）A．Al（OH）3→Al2O3 B．SiO2→H2SiO3C．Al→AlO2﹣ D．NH3→NO3．隐形眼镜越来越受到年轻人的喜爱，在使用隐形眼镜时，常用的护理药水中含有过氧化氢（H2O2）．下列有关过氧化氢的说法中正确的是( )A．过氧化氢是由氢气和氧气组成的B．它是由2个氢元素和2个氧元素组成的C．过氧化氢在二氧化锰作用下能生成水和氧气，该反应为复分解反应D．过氧化氢在二氧化锰作用下能生成水和氧气的过程中氢元素的化合价没有发生变化4．恒温恒容, 4A(s)+3B(g)2C(g)+D(g)经2min，B的浓度减少0.6mol·L－1,下列说法正确的是A．用A表示的反应速率是0.4mol·L－1·min－1B．分别用B、C表示反应的速率，其关系是：3υ(B)=2υ(C)C．2min末的反应速率υ(B)=0.3mol·L－1·min－1D．气体的密度不再变化，则证明反应已经达到平衡状态5．将SO2通入BaCl2溶液至饱和，未见沉淀，继续通入某气体仍无沉淀，则该气体可能是（）A．Cl2 B．NH3 C．NO2 D．CO26．下列说法正确的是（）①离子化合物含离子键，也可能含极性键或非极性键②H2SO3的酸性＞H2CO3的酸性，所以非金属性S＞C ③含金属元素的化合物不一定是离子化合物④由非金属元素组成的化合物一定是共价化合物⑤熔融状态能导电的化合物是离子化合物⑥由分子组成的物质中一定存在共价键A．①③⑤ B．②④⑥ C．①②③⑤ D．①③⑤⑥7．下列化学反应，在从海中提取金属镁的过程中，不会涉及的是A．Mg2++2OH- =Mg(OH)2↓B．Mg(OH)2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OC．MgCl2（熔融）Mg+Cl2↑D．Mg(OH)2ΔMgO+H2O8．日常生活中的许多现象与化学反应有关，下列现象与氧化还原反应无关的是( )A．铜器出现铜绿[Cu2(OH)2CO3]B．铁制菜刀生锈C．大理石雕像被酸性较强的雨腐蚀毁坏D．铝锅表面生成致密的薄膜(Al2O3)9．合金在生产和生活中具有广泛的应用，下列用品中所用的材料不属于．．．合金的是A．铁锅（生铁） B．刀具（不锈钢） C．体温计（水银） D．高压锅（硬铝）10．将Cl2通入适量NaOH溶液，随着反应的进行，产物中可能有NaCl、NaClO、NaClO3，且c(Cl—)/c(ClO—)的值与温度高低有关。

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第一学期高一年级期中考试化学试题时限90分钟总分100分第I卷（选择题）一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，每题2分，共46分）1．根据气象台报道，近年每到春季，沿海一些城市多次出现大雾天气,致使高速公路关闭，航班停飞．雾属于下列分散系中的（）A．溶液B．悬浊液C．乳浊液D．胶体2．下列实验操作中,错误的是（）A．蒸发操作时，不能使混合物中的水分完全蒸干后，才停止加热B．蒸馏操作时，应使温度计水银球靠近蒸馏烧瓶的支管口处C．分液操作时，分液漏斗中下层液体从下口放出，上层液体从上口倒出D．萃取操作时,应选择有机萃取剂，且萃取剂的密度必须比水大3．下列说法中正确的是（）A．H2SO4的摩尔质量是98 g B．1 mol H2O 的质量是18 g/molC．Cl－的摩尔质量是35.5 g/mol D．1 mol N2的体积是22。

4 L4．下列各选项中，后者不属于前者的是( ) A．酸、硫酸 B．碳酸盐、Na2CO3C．化合物、氧化物D．钾盐、KOH5．在标准状况下,与12 g H2的体积相等的N2的（）A．质量为12 g B．物质的量为6 molC．体积为22。

4 L D．物质的量为12 mol6．下图所示是分离混合物时常用的仪器，从左至右,可以进行的混合物分离操作分别是（）。

A．蒸馏、蒸发、萃取、过滤B．蒸馏、过滤、萃取、蒸发C．萃取、过滤、蒸馏、蒸发D．过滤、蒸发、萃取、蒸馏7．下列叙述中正确的是（)A．摩尔是物质的量的单位，每摩尔物质约含有6.02×1023个分子B．1 mol氧的质量为16 gC．0.5 mol He约含有6.02×1023个电子D．2H既可表示2个氢原子又可表示2 mol氢分子8．下列有关气体体积的叙述中，正确的是A．一定温度和压强下，各种气体物质体积的大小由构成气体的分子大小决定B．一定温度和压强下，各种气态物质体积的大小，由构成气体的分子数决定C．不同的气体,若体积不同，则它们所含的分子数也不同D．气体摩尔体积指1mol任何气体所占的体积约为22.4L9．N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列叙述正确的是A．等物质的量的N2和CO所含分子数均为N A B．常温下，1L 0.1molL—1的NH4NO3溶液中氮原子数为0。

河北省秦皇岛市青龙满族自治县满族中学高一化学上学期期末试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 对Cl、 Br、I而言，下列说法不正确的是A．最高价氧化物的水化物显酸性 B．易形成负一价离子C．元素的原子半径逐渐减小 D．氢化物的稳定性依次减弱参考答案：C2. 下列实验中，利用了盐酸的氧化性的是A．用盐酸除去铜粉中混有的铁粉 B．用浓盐酸和MnO2制氯气C．用盐酸跟氢氧化钠溶液反应 D．盐酸和硝酸银溶液反应生成白色沉淀参考答案：A略6.4 g铜与一定量的浓硝酸充分反应后，铜反应完全，硝酸的还原产物有NO、NO2，反应后溶液中所含H+物质的量为n mol，此时溶液中所含NO3-的物质的量为A．0.28 mol B．0.31 mol C．（n + 0.2） mol D．（n + 0.4） mol参考答案：C4. 电解熔融的氧化铝，当电路中通过10mol电子时，理论上析出铝的质量是A、90gB、180gC、270gD、360g 参考答案：A略5. X、Y、Z、W均为短周期元素，它们在周期表中相对位置如图所示。

若Y原子的最外层电子是内层电子数的3倍，下列说法正确的是A．X的气态氢化物比Y的稳定B．W的最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性比Z的强C．Z的非金属性比Y的强D．X与Y形成的化合物都易溶于水参考答案：B略6. 某溶液中可能含有、、Cl－。

为了检验其中是否含有，除BaCl2溶液外，还需要的溶液是( )A．H2SO4B．HClC．NaOH D．NaNO3参考答案：B解析：加入盐酸，排除的干扰，因为BaCO3也是一种不溶于水的白色沉淀。

7. 2013年3月我国科学家报道了如图所示的水溶液锂离子电池体系，下列叙述错误的是（）A．a为电池的正极B ．放电时，b 极电极反应式：Li ﹣e ﹣=Li + C ．放电时，a 极锂的化合价发生变化 D ．放电时，溶液中Li +从b 向a 迁移参考答案：C考点：原电池和电解池的工作原理．分析：该原电池中，Li 失电子作负极、LiMn 2O 4作正极，负极反应式为Li ﹣e ﹣=Li +，正极上Li 1﹣x Mn 2O 4得电子发生还原反应，放电时电解质溶液中阳离子向正极移动，据此分析解答．解答：解：A ．该原电池中，Li 失电子作负极、LiMn 2O 4作正极，所以a 是正极、b 是负极，故A 正确；B ．放电时，b 为负极，电极反应式：Li ﹣e ﹣=Li +，故B 正确；C ．放电时，a 为正极，正极上LiMn 2O 4中Mn 元素得电子，所以锂的化合价不变，故C 错误；D ．放电时，溶液中Li +从负极b 向正极a 迁移，故D 正确； 故选C ．点评：本题考查化学电源新型电池，正确判断正负极及正负极上发生的反应是解本题关键，知道电解质溶液中阴阳离子移动方向，难点是电极反应式的书写，题目难度中等．8. 下列溶液中，与100 ml 0.5 mol ／L NaCL 溶液所含的CL -的物质的量浓度相同的是A.100 ml 0.5 mol ／L MgCL 2 溶液B.200 ml 0.25 mol ／L HCL 溶液C.50ml 1 mol ／L NaCL 溶液D.200 ml 0.25 mol ／L CaCL 2溶液 参考答案：D 略9. 下列各组物质中，满足图中所示物质一步转化关系的选项是参考答案：CA ．NaHCO 3不能直接转化为Na ，用通过电解NaCl 法制备，故A 错误；B ．CuO 不能直接生成Cu(OH)2，且Cu(OH)2不能直接生成Cu ，故B 错误；C ．镁在空气中燃烧生成氧化镁，氧化镁能够溶于盐酸反应生成氯化镁，电解氯化镁可以生成金属镁，均可一步实现，故C 正确；D ．氧化铝不溶于水，Al 2O 3→Al(OH)3一步不能转化，故D 错误；故选C 。

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第一学期高一年级期中考试历史试题一、选择题（共35小题，每小题2分，共70分）1. 1847年初，经历流放重回政坛、时任陕西巡抚的林则徐，在给友人文海的书信中提到：“鄙意亦以内地栽种罂粟，于事无妨。

所恨者，内地之民嗜洋烟而不嗜土烟。

若内地果有一种芙蓉胜于洋贩，则孰不愿买贱而食？……（若白银在）内地自相流通，如人一身血脉贯注，何碍之有？……但恐此等食烟之人未必回心向内耳。

”该材料说明此时的林则徐A. 主张开展对外合法贸易B. 彻底反省了鸦片战争失败的原因C. 仍主张师夷长技以自强D. 考虑问题的主要出发点依然没变【答案】B【解析】试题分析：本题考查学生获取和解读信息的能力。

从材料“（若白银在）内地自相流通，如人一身血脉贯注，何碍之有？……但恐此等食烟之人未必回心向内耳。

”“若内地果有一种芙蓉胜于洋贩，则孰不愿买贱而食”中可知，林则徐度禁烟的原因初衷仍未改变。

所以答案选D。

考点：近代中国军民维护国家主权的斗争·鸦片战争·禁烟运动2. 分化削弱宰相的权力，是古代中国皇帝实现个人专制的一贯做法。

宋代行使宰相权力的“中书门下”主要行使的是( )A. 决策权B. 行政权C. 军政权D. 财政权【答案】B【解析】宋初，设立“中书门下”作为最高行政机构，最高长官行使宰相职权。

为制约宰相，后来又增设参知政事、枢密使和三司使，分割宰相的行政权、军政权和财政权。

故本题答案选B项，ACD不符合题意。

点睛：结合所学知识可知中书门下行使宰相的行政权，为制约宰相，后来又增设参知政事、枢密使和三司使，分割宰相的行政权、军政权和财政权。

3. 国学大师王国维在《殷商制度论》中曾用“任天者定，任人者争；定之以天，争乃不生”来评述西周某一政治制度，对其评述理解最准确的是（）A. 西周政治统治具有浓厚的宗法色彩B. 血缘政治有利于统治秩序的稳定C. 宗法制实现了对地方的有效控制D. 宗法制度减少了天子的决策失误【答案】B【解析】“任天者定，任人者争；定之以天，争乃不生”意为：由上天决定事情就会社会安定，由人决定的事情就会引起纷争；一件事情交给上天去决定，纷争才不会产生。

河北省秦皇岛市青龙满族自治县满族中学高一化学联考试卷含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 对反应A+B=AB来说，常温下按以下情况进行反应：①20 mL溶液中含A、B各0.01 mol;②50 ml 溶液中含A、B各0.05 mol;③0.1 mol/L的A、B溶液各10 mL;④0.5mol/L的A、B溶液各50 mL，四者反应速率的大小关系是（）A. ①>②>③>④B. ④>③>②>①C. ①>②>④>③D. ②>①>④>③参考答案：D对于化学反应，反应物浓度越大，则反应速率越大，①中含A、B浓度为：=0.5mol/L；②中含A、B的浓度为：=1mol/L；③含A、B 的浓度为：0.05mol/L；④含A、B的浓度为：0.25mol/L；四者浓度的大小关系是②＞①＞④＞③，则四者反应速率的大小关系是②＞①＞④＞③；故选D。

2. 下列关于浓硫酸的叙述中，错误的是（）A. 浓硫酸滴在纸上使纸变黑，是由于浓硫酸有脱水性B. 稀释浓硫酸时，应将水沿器壁慢慢注入浓硫酸中，并不断用玻璃棒搅拌C. 欲除去CO2中的水蒸气，可将气体通过盛有浓硫酸的洗气瓶D. 不慎在皮肤上沾上少量浓硫酸时，应立即用大量水冲洗参考答案：B【详解】A.浓硫酸滴在纸上，纸变黑，是由于浓硫酸有脱水性，故不选A；B.稀释浓硫酸会放热且浓硫酸的密度大于水，所以稀释浓硫酸时应将浓硫酸沿器壁慢慢注入水中，并不断搅拌，故选B；C.浓硫酸具有吸水性，与二氧化碳不反应，所以欲除去CO2中的水蒸气，可将气体通过盛有浓硫酸的洗气瓶，故不选C；D.少量浓硫酸沾在皮肤上时，应立即用大量水冲洗，故不选D；答案：B3. 酒精和醋酸是生活里的常用品，下列方法不能将二者鉴别开的是（）A、闻气味B、分别用来浸泡水壶中的水垢看是否溶解C、分别滴加石蕊试液D、分别滴加NaOH溶液参考答案：D略4. 以下实验装置一般不用于物质分离提纯的是（）参考答案：略5. 将4 mol A 气体和2 mol B 气体在2 L的容器中混合并在一定条件下发生如下反应：2A （g）+B（g） 2C（g）若经2 s 后测得C的浓度为0.6 mol/L，现有下列几种说法，其中正确的是（）①用物质A表示的反应的平均速率为0.3 mol/（L·s）②用物质B表示的反应的平均速率为0.6 mol/（L·s）③反应达到平衡时，A、B、C的反应速率一定相等④反应达到平衡时，A、B、C的物质的量均不再变化A.①③B.①④C.②③D.③④参考答案：B略6. X元素的阳离子和Y元素的阴离子具有相同的核外电子结构，下列叙述正确的是A、原子序数X＜YB、原子半径X＜YC、离子半径X＞YD、原子最外层电子数X＜Y参考答案：D略7. 今有一混合物的水溶液，只可能含有以下离子中的若干种：K+、NH4+、Cl─、Mg2+、Ba2+、SO42─、CO32─,现取三份100mL溶液进行如下实验：⑴ 第一份加入AgNO3(aq)有沉淀产生；⑵ 第二份加足量NaOH(aq)加热后，收集到气体0.04mol；⑶ 第三份加足量BaCl2(aq)后，得干燥沉淀6.27g，经足量盐酸洗涤、干燥后，沉淀质量为2.33g。

2019年河北省秦皇岛市青龙木头凳中学高一化学期末试题一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 科学家已发现一种新型氢分子，其化学式为H3，在相同条件下，等质量的H3和H2相同的是（）A．原子数 B．分子数 C．体积 D．物质的量参考答案：A略2. 下列不属于官能团的是A. 羟基B. 乙基C. 氯原子D. 碳碳双键参考答案：B【详解】官能团，是决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。

中学阶段，常见官能团有碳碳双键、碳碳三键、羟基、羧基、醚键、醛基、酯基、卤原子等。

烷基不属于官能团，故合理选项为B。

【点睛】官能团的基本特点就是可以发生反应，比如乙醇中含有羟基，决定了乙醇可以和金属钠反应，还可以发生消去反应、取代反应等。

而烷基没有这样的特点，所以烷基不属于官能团。

3. 足量铜与一定量浓硝酸反应得到硝酸铜溶液和NO2、N2O4、NO的混合气体，将这些气体与1.68LO2（标准状况）混合后通入水中，所有气体完全被水吸收，所得硝酸铜溶液中加入5mol/LNaOH溶液至Cu2+恰好完全沉淀，则消耗NaOH溶液的体积是（）A．60mL B．45mL C．30mL D．15m1参考答案：A4. 据中央电视台报道，近年来我国的一些沿江城市多次出现大雾天气，致使高速公路关闭，航班停飞，雾属于下列哪种分散系（）A．乳浊液 B. 溶液 C. 胶体 D. 悬浊液参考答案：C略5. 目前普遍认为，质子和中子都是由被称为u夸克和d夸克的两类夸克组成的．u夸克带电量为e，d夸克带电量为﹣e，e为基元电荷．下列论断中可能正确的是（）A．质子由1个u夸克和1个d夸克组成，中子由1个u夸克和2个d夸克组成B．质子由2个u夸克和1个d夸克组成，中子由1个u夸克和2个d夸克组成C．质子由1个u夸克和2个d夸克组成，中子由2个u夸克和1个d夸克组成D．质子由2个u夸克和1个d夸克组成，中子由2个u夸克和1个d夸克组成参考答案：B【考点】质子数、中子数、核外电子数及其相互联系．【分析】根据u夸克带电量为e，d夸克带电量为﹣e，质子带正电、中子不带电来判断u夸克、d夸克的个数．【解答】解：由质子带一个单位正电荷，中子不带电，设质子中u夸克、d夸克个数分别是x、y，x、y取正整数，则x×+y×（﹣）=1，解得x=2、y=1；设中子中u夸克d夸克个数分别是m、n，m、n取正整数．m×（）+n×（﹣）=0，解得m=1、n=2，故选B．6. 下列烷烃在光照下与氯气反应，生成的一氯代烃只有一种的是A．CH3CH2CH2CH3 B．C． D．参考答案：C略7. 二十一世纪被称为海洋世纪，许多国家十分重视海水资源的综合利用。

2017-2018学年度高二第二学期期末理科化学测试题第I 卷（选择题）一．单项选择题（总分63分，其中每题3分） 1.下面的原子或原子团不属于官能团的是( )2．常温常压下，下列化合物以液态形式存在的是A.甲醇B.乙炔C.丙烯D.丁烷 3.下列各组液体混和物，不能用分液漏斗分开的一组是 A.苯和水 B.2-甲基戊烷和水 C.乙酸乙酯和水 D.丙酸和乙醇 4．(CH 3CH 2)2CHCH 3的正确命名是 ( ) A 、3－甲基戊烷 B 、2－甲基戊烷 C 、2－乙基丁烷 D 、3－乙基丁烷5．大多数有机物分子里的碳原子与碳原子之间或碳原子与其他原子之间相结合的化学键是( )A ．只有极性键B ．只有非极性键C ．有极性键和非极性键D ．只有离子键6. 下列各组物质中的最简式相同，但既不是同系物，也不是同分异构体的是（ ）A ．乙烯和苯B ．1—丁烯和环己烷C ．丁炔和1,3—丁二烯D ．二甲苯和甲苯 7. 下列有机物中含有两种官能团的是（ ） A ．CH 3－CH 3 B ．CH 2＝CHCl C ．CH 3CH 2OH D ．CH ≡CH 8. 下列物质的类别与所含官能团都正确的是（ ） A ．酚类 –OH B ． 羧酸 –CHOC ． 醛类 –CHOD ． CH 3-O-CH 3 酯类9. 1．容量瓶上需标有以下六项中的①温度②浓度③容量④压强⑤刻度线⑥酸式或碱式 A ．①③⑤ B ．③⑤⑥ C ．①②④ D ．②④⑥ 10．下列物质中，不能使溴的四氯化碳溶液和高锰酸钾溶液褪色的是（ ）A ．C 2H 4 B.C 3H 6 C.C 5H 12 D.C 4H 811.设N A 为阿伏伽德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是A ．标准状况下，0.1molCl 2溶于水，转移的电子数目为0.1N AB ．常温常压下，18g H 2O 含有的原子总数为3N AC ．标准状况下，11.2LCH 3CH 2OH 中含有分子的数目为0.5N AD ．常温常压下，2.24LCO 和CO 2混合气体中含有的碳原子数目为0.1N A 12．下列反应属于加成反应的是A ．乙烯使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色B ．蔗糖在人体内转化为葡萄糖C ．苯在催化剂作用下转化为环己烷D ．乙醇在催化剂作用下转化为乙醛 13. 下列烷烃在光照下与氯气反应，只生成一种一氯代烃的是（）14．光照按等物质的量混合的甲烷和氯气组成的混合物，生成的物质的量最多的产物是 A.CH 3ClB.CH 2Cll 4D.HCl（ ）15．下列五种烃①２－甲基丁烷②２，２－二甲基丙烷③戊烷④丙烷⑤丁烷，按沸点由高到低的顺序排列的是（ ）Ａ．①＞②＞③＞④＞⑤ Ｂ．②＞③＞⑤＞④＞① Ｃ．③＞①＞②＞⑤＞④ Ｄ．④＞⑤＞②＞①＞③ 16．关于强弱电解质及非电解质的组合完全正确的是( )2 A B ．6.0 g 醋酸晶体中含有H +的数目为0.1 N AC ．64 g Cu 粉与足量硫粉加热完全反应生成Cu 2S 时失去的电子数为2 N AD ．1 mol Cl －含有的核外电子总数为8 N A18．下列各组中，属于同位素的是（ ）。

木头凳中学2017—2018学年度第二学期高一年级期中考试英语试题时限120分钟总分150分一、单项选择（共15题，每小题1分,满分15分）1. Our headmaster will __________us in the discussion this afternoon.A. take part inB. join inC. joinD. attend2. My brother wants to work in the factory which ____ still ______.A. is buildingB. has been builtC. is being builtD. is to be built3. Although they are twins, they don't have much_________.A. the same asB. in monC. in monsD. much like4. Although he had to spend lots of money for going to the ball, he accepted the invitation. __________the ball was important to him.A. After allB. In allC. First of allD. Above all5. Problems__________ because they were lack of munication..A. raisedB. addedC. showedD. arose6. As time__________ my memory seems to get worse.A. goes alongB. goes awayC. goes byD. goes through7. This book _____ ten units, ______ three mainly revision.A. contains; includingB. includes; containingC. contains; co ntaining D .includes; including8. She pretended me when I passed.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen9. He is wearing sunglasses to ____ his eyes from the strong sunlight .A. protectB. holdC. stopD. prevent10. English is as a matter of fact very easy because a sentence can be _____ into clauses.A. broken outB. broken upC. broken awayD. broken from11. ______ he will return to his native land.A. It is long before thatB. It is before long thatC. It won’t be long beforeD. It will be long before that12. He is always serious and doesn’t like _____.A. play jokesB. being played jokes onC. being played jokesD. to play joke on others13. The man _____ this house belongs is a friend of Wang Lin’s.A. whomB. to whomC. for whomD. with whom14. Is this the school ________ you studied ten years ago?A. in whichB. thatC. in thatD. the one that15. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,________ the sailing time was 226 daysA. of whichB. during whichC. from whichD. for which二、阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)AIn the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and mo re than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream World Cups ”in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan？The World Cup makes more and more people interested in football .Teenagers like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.A. Many football fansB. a very good teamC. many football playerD. a big playground2. The next World Cup after 2002 FIFA World Cup will be held in_______.A. 2007B. 2006C. 2005D. 20043. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.A. people playing footballB. pictures of some football starsC. a sunny skyD. flowers4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______.A. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their storiesC. to show their good wishes for the football teamsD. to show their new ideas about football5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.A. they are interested in footballB. they are football fansC. they think their favourite players are greatD. all of A,B and CBIn 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything veryclearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的) Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of ____________A. his businessB. his gardenC. his houseD. his window7. The Daguerrotype was____________.A. a FrenchmanB. a kind of cameraC. a ki nd of pictureD. a photographer8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to__________.A. watch lots of filmsB. buy an expensive cameraC. stop in most citiesD. take many films and something else with him.9. Mathew Brady______________.A. was very lifelikeB. was famous for his unusual picturesC. was quite strongD. took many pictures of moving people10. This passage tells us_____________.A. how photography was developedB. how to show your ideas and feelings in picturesC. how to take pictures in the worldD. how to use different camerasCSurtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain's （船长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Redhot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smokeand fire were still rushing up. Pieces of redhot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stop ped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already ing to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.11. Surtsey is ______.A. a place in IcelandB. a new volcanoC. a fishing boatD. an island not far from Iceland12. Scientists flew there ______.A. to learn about the islandB. to save the fishing boatC. to watch the birth of the islandD. to build a house13. When did scientist fly there to watch?A. Before the volcano broke out.B. As soon as the volcano broke out.C. About four days after the volcano broke out.D. After the volcano stopped rushing up.14. Put the following sentences in correct order.a. The captain found the boat was moving.b. A new island appeared in the sea.c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up.d. A fishing boat was near Iceland.e. The island grew quickly.A. abcdeB. dacbe C .abecd D. bedac15. The best title of this article is ________.A. The birth of an islandB. A new islandC. A new worldD. Scientists discovered SurtseyDHow to stay in a good moodIt’s typical to feel your mood starting to bee bad. If you want to be able to stay in a good mood, then you have to form these habits that will keep you feeling happy. Don’t take love for granted.If you’re lucky enough to have a special someone, then you should make your timetogether meaningful. 16 Make time to spend time with your special someone. Being around your loved one has been proven to make people happier.Get regular exercise.Regular exercise is one of the most important habits that you need to form. 17 You can go running three times a week and walk the other four. Just make sure to be as active as you can every day.Spend time with your friends.18 Of course, don’t always hang out with friends when you have a free moment. Make sure you do make time to see friends at least once or twice a week, if you can.Get enough sleep.19 One of the easiest ways to stay in a good mood is to be wellrested. Waking up feeling full of energy will make you feel much more ready to face the day and much more excited about everything ahead of you.20If you want to stay in a good mood, then you have to make sure that you eat three healthy and diverse meals every day. Start off with a healthy breakfast, and don’t skip this meal no matter what things happen. Have light snacks throughout the day, like yogurt or fruit, to keep you energetic.A. Don’t stop doing the things you love with the person you love.B. Do begin with a healthy breakfast in the morning.C. However, you don’t have to do the same boring old thing ever y day.D. Have a healthy eating schedule.E. Make sure that you sleep for 78 hours a day.F. Hanging out with friends will keep you feeling aliveG. Once you start exercising, do the same sports at the regular time every day.三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. Theyassociate(使发生联系) red with a strong feeling like __1__ . Red is used for signs of__2__ , such as STOP signs and fi re engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of__3___ in autumn. People say orange is a __4__ color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of __5__. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in __6__. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people __7__ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and __8__. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be __9__. Those who like to be with __10 _ like red. The cool colors are __11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to __12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good __13_ for a living room or a __14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. __15__ colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.1. A. sadness B. smile C. administration D. anger2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places3. A. land B. leaves C. grass D. mountains4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening5. A. moonlight B. stars C. sunlight D. light6. A. summer B. spring C. autumn D. winter7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell8. A. green B. yellow C. white D. gray9. A. calm B. sleepy C. active D. helpful10. A. the other B. another C. others D. other one11. A. black B. green C. golden D. yellow12. A. go round B. go by C. go off D. go along13. A. one B. way C. fact D. matter14. A. factory B. classroom C. restaurant D. hospital15. A. Different B. All C. Warm D. Cool四、单词填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)1.Every Chinese student should remember the July 7th(事变) of 1937.2.The problem is hard to (解决).3.I would （感激）it if you give me the chance.4.He is (敏感的)to flowe rs.5.He wants to (探索)the moon.6.I am afraid of the (凶猛的) dog.7.He wants to be a (音乐家).8.He es here to (取代) our manager.9. (无论如何)you must tell me the truth.10.He is (自信的)that he will pass the exam.五、词组填空 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)1.代表2.人类3.结果4.在……的帮助下5.处理、安排6.分类7.如释重负 8. 说实在地9. 最重要 10.另外11.用现金 12.形成、产生13.主管、看管 14.看守、监视15.陆续地、一个接一个地六、书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。

2018-2019学年河北省秦皇岛市青龙满族自治县第一中学高三化学模拟试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 观察图，若用1L水来代表地球上的总水量，要比较精确地量取地球上的淡水量，应选择的仪器是（）A．100 mL烧杯B．50 mL烧杯C．100 mL量筒D．50 mL 量筒参考答案：考点：计量仪器及使用方法．专题：化学实验常用仪器．分析：选取计量仪器时，计量仪器的最大量程应大于或等于所量取液体的体积．解答：解：选取计量仪器时要选取比所量液体体积大，且最接近的，误差小，当加液体时，快到刻度时要改用胶头滴管，减小误差．1L水来代表地球上的总水量，根据图知，淡水量为30mL；所以选取的计量仪器的容积为50mL，故排除A、C选项；50mL烧杯没有精确度，故排除B．故选D．点评：本题主要考查了计量仪器的选择方法，难度不大，可以依据仪器选择的原则进行．2. 三联苯的一氯代物有A、2种B、3种C、4种D、5种参考答案：C【考点】同分异构现象和同分异构体．【分析】烃的一氯代物的同分异构体种类与烃中氢原子种类相同，有几种氢原子，就有几种一氯代物．【解答】解：三联苯中有4种氢原子，所以一氯代物有4种同分异构体，故选：C．【点评】本题考查学生同分异构体的书写，掌握方法即可完成，注意等效氢的判断，难度不大．3. 如图所示，集气瓶内充满某混合气体，置于光亮处，将滴管内的水挤入集气瓶后，烧杯中的水会进入集气瓶，集气瓶气体是（）① CO、O2 ② Cl2、CH4 ③ NO2、O2④ N2、H2A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．②③参考答案：D略4. 反应A（g）+2B（g）=C（g）的反应过程中能量变化如右下图所示。

曲线a表示不使用催化剂时反应的能量变化，曲线b表示使用催化剂后的能量变化。

下列相关说法正确的是（）A．该反应是吸热反应B．催化剂改变了该反应的焓变C．催化剂降低了该反应的活化能D．该反应的焓变△H=参考答案：C略5. 阿伏加德罗常数约为6.02×1023mol－1，下列叙述中正确的是（）A．0.25molNa2O2中含有的阴离子数为0.5×6.02×1023B．7.5gSiO2晶体中含有的硅氧键数为0.5×6.02×1023C．2.24LCH4中含有的原子数为0.5×6.02×1023D．250mL2mol/L的氨水中含有NH3·H2O的分子数为0.5×6.02×1023参考答案：答案：B6. 可以用下图所示装置制备、干燥、收集的气体是A．用MnO2和浓盐酸制备Cl2B．用铜和稀硝酸制备NOC．用30% H2O2水溶液和MnO2制备O2D．用锌和稀硫酸制备H2参考答案：D7. 水溶液中只可能有K+、Mg2+、AlO2－、SiO32－、CO32－、SO42－中的若干种离子。

2023年河北省秦皇岛市青龙满族自治县木头凳中学化学高一上期末质量跟踪监视试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．一、选择题（每题只有一个选项符合题意）1、下列说法正确的是A．已知2C＋SiO2Si＋2CO↑，说明Si的非金属性比C强B．电子层数越多，原子半径一定越大C．碱金属元素都能与氧气反应生成过氧化物D．单质中不可能含有离子键2、下列物质间的转化只需通过一步反应就能实现的是A．Fe2O3→ Fe(OH)3B．Al→Al(OH)3C．Na2O2→Na2CO3D．SiO2→H2SiO33、对于反应3Cl2+6NaOH=5NaCl+NaClO3+3H2O，以下叙述正确的是A．Cl2是氧化剂，NaOH是还原剂B．每生成1mol的NaClO3转移6mol的电子C．Cl2既是氧化剂又是还原剂D．被氧化的Cl原子和被还原的Cl原子的物质的量之比为5∶14、下列物质之间的转化不能通过一步化合反应实现的是A．Al2O3→Al(OH)3B．FeCl3→FeCl2C．Fe(OH)2→Fe(OH)3D．Na2CO3→NaHCO35、下列有关物质的性质与用途不具有．．．对应关系的是（）A．浓硫酸具有脱水性，可用作干燥剂B．SO2具有漂白性，可用于漂白纸浆C．液氨汽化时吸收大量的热，可用作制冷剂D．SiO2与碱反应，不可用石英坩埚来加热熔化烧碱、纯碱等固体6、氮化铝（AlN）广泛应用于电子、陶瓷等工业领域。