Portable Amplifier Design for a Novel EEG
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341收稿日期:2015-05-21作者简介:朱金松,E-mail:139****************文章编号:1671-7104(2015)05-0341-03朱金松1, 2,伍守豪1,郭文秀1,郑晖2,唐冬21 深圳清华大学研究院数字电视系统重点实验室,深圳市,5180572 广州大学机械与电气工程学院,广州市,510000该文从便携式监护设备的角度出发,选择血氧模拟前端AFE4490进行无创血氧测量模块的设计,用来采集人体脉搏波信号并进行波峰(谷)值点检测进而利用无创血氧测量原理计算出血氧饱和度(SPO 2)。
设计的无创血氧测量模块具有体积小、功耗低等特点,且实验结果表明血氧饱和度值测量准确。
无创血氧测量;血氧模拟前端AFE4490;Lambert-Beer 定律;PPG 信号TH772.2A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2015.05.009ZHU Jinsong 1, 2, WU Shouhao 1, GUO Wenxiu 1, ZHENG Hui 2, TANG Dong 21 Digital Television Laboratory of Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 5180572 School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering of Guangzhou Unicersity, Guangzhou, 510000From the perspective of portable monitoring devices,we use an analog front-end AFE4490 design a module of Non-invasive blood oxygen measurement,used to collect human pulse wave signal and peak (valley) value detection and then use the principles of non-invasive oximetry calculated oxygen saturation (SPO 2). This design of noninvasive oximetry module has the characteristics of small size, low power consumption, and the results of test show that the measurement of oxygen saturation are correct.non-invasive oximetry, oxygen analog front-end AFE4490, Lambert-Beer, Photo Plethysmo Graphy(PPG) signal基于血氧模拟前端AFE4490的无创血氧测量模块设计【作 者】【摘 要】【关 键 词】【中图分类号】【文献标志码】【 Writers 】【 Abstract 】【Key words 】Design of Non-Invasive Blood Oxygen Measurement Based on AFE44900 引 言 随着科技社会的进步,人们对于自身的健康状况越来越重视,便携式监护设备得到越来越多的人们青睐。
very high pow er handling,and the ability to w orkw ell in a small,sealed enclosure.T he overall near -f ield response of the amplifier system,including both the electronics and the acoustical elements ,is show nin Figure 6.Tw o slightly different response curves are plotted.The red curve indicates the response w ith the tone control set to a“minimum ,”w hile the bluecurve is the opposite setting.T his response may becompared to the electrical curve show n previously in Figure 4in order to understand the transf er function of the loudspeaker driver.9SUM MARYT he engineering design of a small guitar amplifier M y f z f pressure level and compact size.T he system is capable of very loud output and excellent sound quality in z y T f y Figure 6A coustical Frequency Response and Tone ControlRange20k10k 5k 2k 1k 5002001005020-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50510152025303540f /Hzd B r 新型紧凑高效乐器放大器的设计思路Kenneth Kantor(ZT Amplifiers,Inc.,2329Fourth S tre et Berkeley,CA 94710,USA)【摘要】介绍了封装在体积小、便携式音箱内大功率输出乐器放大器的设计理念。
一、引言在英语中,amplifier是一个常见的词汇,它具有多重意义,包括电子设备中的放大器、语言中的强调手段等。
本文将从多个角度解释amplifier在英语中的含义和用法。
二、amplifier的电子设备含义在电子领域中,amplifier指的是一种用来增大信号电压、电流或功率的设备。
它常用于各类音响设备、通信设备和传感器中,起到放大信号的作用。
1. 放大器的原理放大器会通过内部的电子元件(如晶体管、真空管等)对输入信号进行放大,增加其幅度,使其能够驱动输出负载。
2. 放大器的种类放大器根据其工作方式和应用领域可以分为多种类型,包括功率放大器、运放放大器、音频放大器、射频放大器等。
3. 放大器的应用放大器经常被用于音响系统、电视机、无线电、手机和各种传感器中,提供信号的放大和处理功能。
三、amplifier的语言含义在英语中,amplifier还可以指代语言中的强调手段。
当人们想要强调某个观点或信息时,常会使用一些特定的语言手法,来增强言辞的效果。
1. 强调句型在英语中,可以通过调整语气和句型结构来强调某个词或短语,如将句子中的关键词使用强读或倒装结构等。
2. 修辞手法修辞手法也是一种语言中的amplifier,如排比、夸张、反问等手法都可以用来增强表达的效果。
3. 语气词一些语气词如very、extremely、absolutely等也可以在日常交流中起到放大语气的作用。
四、amplifier的其他含义除了在电子设备和语言中的含义外,amplifier在其他领域中也有一些特殊的含义。
1. 媒体与宣传在媒体和宣传领域,amplifier指的是一个可以放大声音、图像或信息的设备或手段,如扩音器、广播设备等。
2. 社会学与心理学在社会学和心理学中,amplifier也被用来指代能够放大影响力或情绪的因素,如领导者的示范作用、群体心理的放大效应等。
3. 艺术与文化在艺术和文化领域,amplifier可以指代一种表现手法或装置,能够加强作品的表现力和冲击力。
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本产品是专为教学、宣传和参观等设计的,采用PO²数字功率合成技术,提供更长久的电池使用时间和更大输出功率,是教学、宣传的理想选择。
在使用之前,请仔细阅读说明书,以便能正确的操作,发挥本扩音器的理想性能。
产品特性· 采用PO²数字功率合成技术,提供高达8W 的音频功率输出· 选用稀土材料扬声器,重量更轻、音质更好、声音更大· 具有单曲循环、音乐播放功能,支持U 盘、TF 储存卡的多媒体音频文件播放· 采用LOW-THD 自适应技术,在大功率输出时也不会产生明显的声音失真· 内置大容量锂电池,以及MCU 充电管理系统,使用安全可靠,充电只需5小时, 使 用时间可达8-12小时· 壳体采用ABS 工程原料,坚固耐磨· 产品外观设计时尚,具有肩挂及腰挂等多种佩戴方式,使用更方便控制面板功能示意图电源开关:向左转动旋钮,听到“滴”一声,表示扩音器已通电,此时电源指示灯 亮,继续向左转动旋钮声音越大,反之,声音越小直至关机电源指示灯: 正常开机后,此灯亮绿色,当电量不足时此灯亮红色电源适配器输入插孔:将DC 5V 直流电源插入此孔进行充电充电指示灯:充电时此灯亮红色;充电饱和后,此灯亮绿色上一曲按键 :向左轻轻推动旋钮为上一曲;向左推动并按住此键可减小音乐音量播放/暂停按键 :按此键可控制音乐的播放与暂停下一曲按键 :向右轻轻推动旋钮为下一曲;向右推动并按住此键可增大音乐音量音乐循环按键:按此键设定与取消当前音乐曲目的循环播放状态循环播放指示灯:当按下音乐循环按键 时,此灯常亮,表示已进入单曲循环模式MIC IN 输入插孔: 将头戴式麦克风插头插入此孔,进入扩音工作状态TF 内存卡插口:根据示意的插卡方向插入TF 内存卡,插入时,听到“嗒”一声,表示已安装到位并将其锁住;取卡时只要将卡往下按,听到“嗒”一声,TF 内存卡会自动弹出来USB 移动内存插孔:可支持大容量U 盘肩挂扣电池仓:内置一节大容量锂离子电池12131. 将电池按正确的标示装入电池仓内2. 将头戴麦克风正确的佩戴在头部,并调整好麦克风的拾音角度3. 将Ø3.5mm 的麦克风插头插入麦克风输入孔内4. 打开电源,电源指示灯亮,调整音量到合适的音量大小5. 使用过程中,若电量指示灯亮红色时,表示电池低电量,请及时充电使用说明2. 为了达到良好效果,请对准头戴麦克风的咪芯(1-2cm )处发音,以防方向不正引 起啸叫3. 非专业技术人员请不要擅自拆机改装或维修;如有问题或服务需求请联系当地经销 商4. 低电量或长时间不使用时应将电池充满电,以确保电池的使用寿命5. 请勿将电池或电池组放在日照、火烤等类似过热环境中6. 注意:电池或电池组更换不当会有爆炸危险,只能用同样类型或等效类型的电池来 更换并注意电池极性7. 禁止:禁止电池反接,短路,猛烈撞击和作为儿童玩具;不能使用其他充电装置为 本机电池充电,也不能用本机为其他的电池充电,使用不当会有爆炸危险;禁止对 非充电电池充电8. 整机及附件都应放置在室内干燥通风处,避免雨淋、水滴、进水、重摔及覆盖通风 孔9. 为保护环境,请将废弃电池放入指定的分类垃圾桶或寄回给生产商,不可直接丢弃10. 应保持电源或充电适配器的操作方便。
PV® Series AmplifiersOperatingManualPV®SERIES PROFESSIONAL STEREO POWER AMPLIFIER INTRODUCTIONCongratulations! You have just purchased one of the world’s finest professional power amplifiers. The PV amplifier features a two-way crossover and sub-sonic (low-cut) filter for each channel. Crossover frequencies are fixed at 150 Hz, allowing subwoofers to be driven at extremely high sound pressure levels, and the filters cut at 40 Hz to prevent low-end rumble. Using proven technology gained through years of amplifier design, this unit takes advantage of rugged TO-3P output devices mounted on massive aluminum extrusions and dissipates heat via an extremely quiet and effectivetwo-speed fan. PV amplifiers are designed to operate at line voltages as low as 50% of nominal, employing mammoth toroidal power transformers and offering impressive specifications and features not found on similarly priced competitive units. This amp is designed to drive a 2-Ohm load per channel, thus achieving awesome performance levels into 4 Ohms in BRIDGE mode. PV amplifiers are ruggedly constructed, rack-mountable pieces of gear with superb patching capability, allowing superior flexibility in application. Front panel features include calibrated, detented gain (dB) controls and LED indicators for power (PWR), signal presence (SIG), Thermal Protection indicator, and DDT™ activation on each channel, as well as a rocker mains POWER switch. The back panel contains an IEC connector, line voltage selector switch, dual primary fuses, and the critical cooling fan opening. This opening should have an adequate supply of cool air and should never be blocked or restricted. Also on the back panel are the input and output sections, including an input barrier strip for permanent installations. Each channel input section includes a combo XLR / TRS phone jack connector, THRU/LOW out and HIGH out TRS jacks, and activation switches for the LOW CUT filter and crossover (150 Hz XOVER). Channel output sections feature dual shock-proof binding posts and four-conductor twist lock connectors. An additional four-conductor twist lock connector allows BRIDGE mode output.UNPACKINGInspect the amplifier during unpacking. If any damage is found, notify your dealer immediately. Be sure to save the carton and all packing materials. Should you ever need to ship the unit back to Peavey Electronics, one of its service centers, or the dealer; use only the original factory packing.INSTALLATIONPV professional power amplifiers are designed for durability in commercial installations and provide the quality performance required in studio and home applications. They are two-rack-space units of 16" (406 mm) depth designed to mount in a standard 19" rack. Rear mounting ears are provided for additional support. The minimum rack depth required from the mounting surface is 17" (432 mm) to allow adequate connector clearance.BASIC SETUPBefore mounting, make sure the line voltage selector is set to the correct voltage (page 9).Rack mount the amplifier in the location where it is to be used, remembering to allow for adequate access and cooling space. Make all the connections to the desired INPUT connectors on the desired channel. Select the proper mode configuration (STEREO or BRIDGE). Connect speakers to the desired OUTPUT connectors.Make sure the load impedance is greater than 2 ohms per channel (4 ohms bridged) to prevent the amplifier from shutting down. With the POWER switch OFF, connect the IEC cord (7) to the amplifier and then to an outlet of the proper voltage. With both channel gain controls turned fully counterclockwise, turn the Power switch on, and raise the gain controls to achieve the desired sound level. Please carefully review this manual to learn about all the features and designed-in behaviors of your new PV® Series power amplifier!HIGH OUT JACKS Array Again, as per previous crossover discussion, this 1/4" jack supplies high frequency out signals from the activated crossover for patching to this amplifier and/or additional power amplifier inputs. Unlike the low-frequency crossover output, that is automatically routed to the associated channel, the high-frequency output signal must be patched to some suitable input in order to complete the bi-amped system. This 1/4" jack provides an impedance balanced (TRS) output. Although 2-conductor balanced (TRS) cables will provide better noise immunity, single conductor shielded (tip/sleeve) cables can also be used.INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL INSTALLATIONSFor commercial and other installations where sustained high-power operation is required, the amplifiers should be mounted in a standard 19" rack. It is a good idea to leave a rack space between each amplifier in the stack to prevent heat builup between units and induced hum from transformer magnetic fields. Regardless, an adequate cool air supply must be provided for the amplifier when rack mounted. The internal fan must have a source of air that is not preheated by other equipment. The amplifier will start up in low speed fan operation and will normally stay at low speed unless sustained high-power operating levels occur. Then, as temperatures in the amplifier heat sinks increase, thermal-sensing circuitry will cause high-speed operation to occur. Depending upon signal conditions and amp loading, high-speed fan operation may continue or the fan may cycle continuously between high and low. This behavior is by design. If cooling is inadequate, however, the amplifier thermal-sensing system may cause temporary shut down of the unit, indicated by the front panel THERMAL PROTECT LED. Inadequate cooling may be due to preheated air, reduced air flow resulting from blockage of inlet/outlet ports, amplifier overload, or short circuit conditions. Depending upon the available cooling air, operation should be restored relatively quickly, and the power LEDs on both channels will again be illuminated. In any event, action should be taken to correct the cause of the thermal shutdown. If the amplifier is not severely overloaded or shorted and air flow is normal in and out of the amplifier, then steps should be taken to provide a cooler environment for all the amplifiers.As a general rule, most home and studio requirements will never cause high-speed fan operation. High-speed operation may indicate that you have not taken the necessary steps to provide adequate cooling. The PV® Series should never be operated in a fully enclosed cabinet.BRIDGE MODEWhen a 2-channel amplifier is operated in the Bridge mode, it is converted into a single-channel unit with a power rating equal to the sum of the power rating for each channel, at a load of twice that of the single-channel rating. For example, the PV 2 is rated at 750 Watts RMS per channel into 2 Ohms. The Bridge rating is 1500 Watts RMS into 4 Ohms (minimum load). Bridge mode operation is accomplished by placing the MODE switch in the BRIDGE position, using only the BRIDGE twist lock connector or the red binding posts for the output, and using the CHANNEL A input. All CHANNEL B input functions are defeated and serve no purpose now. Bridge mode operation can be used to drive sound distribution systems in very large public address applications. Another common use for the Bridge mode is in subwoofer applications where very high power levels are required to reproduce extremely low frequencies with adequate headroom. Such enclosures usually contain 2 or 4 loudspeakers to handle the power levels involved. When using Bridge mode, the connected enclosure impedance must be 4 or 8 Ohms — never below 4 Ohms.DDT™Peavey’s patented DDT (Distortion Detection Technique) limiter circuit enables the sound technician to maximize the performance of the amplifier/speaker combination by preventing the power amplifier from clipping. When the onset of clipping is detected, the limiter engages to prevent damage to the loudpeakers and degradation of sound quality. For this reason, DDT should always be enabled.2 STAGE OVERCURRENT PROTECTIONAnother unique feature of the PV® Series power amplifiers is a 2 stage overcurrent protection scheme. The first stage of overcurrent protection uses a preset current threshold to prevent excessive current through the output devices when driving loads of 2 ohms impedance or higher (4 ohms bridged). The second stage dramatically decreases the output of the amplifier if the detected load impedance is one ohm or less, effectively muting the affected channel and keeping the output devices within their Safe Operating Area.When the second stage current limit engages, output will be extremely weak, and the front panel DDT LED will be glow steadily, pulsing with the input signal, but dimly. The signal will not return until the overload is removed and the input level is reduced below clipping. This behavior is by design. If this condition occurs, try reducing the input level so that the DDT LED only lights on theloudest peaks. If it continues, inspect for shorted speaker cables, or a total load impedance of less than 2 ohms per channel / 4ohms bridged.T )91T )91 2Logo referenced in Directive 2002/96/EC Annex IV (OJ(L)37/38,13.02.03 and defined in EN 50419: 2005The bar is the symbol for marking of new waste and is applied only to equipment manufactured after13 August Warranty registration and information for U.S. customers available online at /warranty or use the QR tag belowFeatures and speci cations subject to change without notice.Peavey Electronics Corporation 5022 Hartley Peavey Drive Meridian, MS 39305 (601) 483-5365 FAX (601) 486-1278。
210.00 mmE E 0 0' 0£�AC-25 Portable Battery-Operated Acoustic AmpUser ManualFCC WARNINGThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party『esponsible for compliancecould void the use「's authority to operate the equipment.NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency ene「gy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:-Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.-Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.-Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.-Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC RF exposure statement:The device has been evaluated to meet general RF exposure requirement. The device can be used in portable exposure condition without restriction.Int『oduction The NUX AC-25 is a portable battery-operated amplifier optimized for acoustic-electric guitars. It features 2 channels withseparate controls, Bluetooth connectivity, onboard tuner and a dedicated tone editing app. Where there is AC-25 there is music.Features• 2 channels with separate controls•Onboard Reverb Effects & Tuner• Up to 4 hours of continuous playing time•Bluetooth Connectivity for audio streaming and tone editing• Well-planed controls & 1/0Cont『ol Panels CHANNEL 101 CHANNEL2 COMBO JackCHANNEL 2 VOLUME Knob BASS Knob MIDDLE Knob TREBLE Knob TUNER Button Dis p layQ)Q) Q) Q) 0V口LUME BASS MIDDLE TREBLE TUNERVOLUME Knob SEND Knob REVERB Knob MASTER Knob BLUETOOTH ON/OFFF SwitchButtonChannel1INPUT Jack¼"(6.35mm) INPUT Jack, accept both passive andactive acoustic pickups.VOLUME KnobControls the input signal level for the Channel 1 input.BASS KnobBass frequency level control.MIDDLE KnobMiddle frequency level control.TREBLE KnobTreble frequency level control.TUNER ButtonPress this button to engage/disengage the built-intuner.Control PanelsDisplayTuning display. For further information please refer tothe TUNER description.Channel2COMOBO JackXLR input or 1/4"(6.35mm) instrument input.VOLUME KnobControls the input signal level for the Channel 2 input.SEND KnobAdjusts the amount of reverb.Global ControlsREVERB KnobSets the overall reverb .MASTER KnobSets the overall output volume level.02Control Panels Rear Panel BLUETOOTH ButtonPress this button to engage/disengage the built-inBluetooth function.For further information please refer to the Bluetoothdescription.POWER indicatorLights on steady when the amplifier is on.ON/OFFF SwitchTurn ON/OFF the amplifier.DC-IN Jack *Please turn down the mater volume before you turn on the amp.NU�XAC-2巴FCCNm兰呈iDF~NDB-主i uND呈一THi口之5主MAY呈HATTTON巨三一兰ANYONC-iiRFi等圭ACC-i_髻MADE IN CHINA CE: 互@INx1uA LIN匾口UTCharge Indicator Low Batt. PHONES JackIndicatorAUX-IN Jack LINE OUT Jack03 04Rear PanelDC-IN JackPlug in the included power supply here to power/charge this amplifier.Use specified power supply only(DC 15V/2.5A Polarity: Negative tip).Charge lndicato『Lights on steady du『ing the charging process.Lights off automatically when the battery is fully charged. Low Batt. lndicato『The LED indicator will light on when the battery level is low. For further information, please refer to the BATTERY description.PHONES Jack¼Composite audio signal output jack.NOTE: The amplifier will be muted when it's plugged in.05 AUX-IN Jack1/8 Line level AUX-IN jack.You can connect a CD player, MP3 player, or other deviceand play back sounds in stereo.LINE OUT JackYou can connect a mixer, recording device, or other suchdevice here.SPEAKERCoverSPEAKERSTANDMain PartsSPEAKER CoverYou can take off the speaker cover by pulling the ribbonon lower right corner.SPEAKER6.5" inch full range speaker. + sound hole.STANDYou can use the folding stand, just pull it up whenneeded.06Operation GuideTUNERConnections & Examples of using AC-25二TUNING MODE F凶T SHARP IN TUNE 1.Press the TUNER button to active the built-in tuner.2.Adjust tuning peg of each string according to the tuning visuals on the DISPLAY:3.When finishing up, press the TUNER button again to quite the tuner mode.*The amplifier will be muted when TUNER is engaged.*Tuner ONLY works with CHANNEL 1.BLUETOOTH ®1.When you power on the amplifier the Bluetooth function will also be turned on automatically by default. You can turn off the Bluetooth function manually by holding down the BULETOOTH button for 2 seconds.072.This green indicator will keep flash indicating the Bluetooth®module is ready for pairing.3.Go to the Bluetooth setting menu of Bluetooth enabled device, find the device named "NUX AC25", tap to pair.You will hear an cue tone when connection established successfully.BATTERYThis amplifier is equipped with rechargeable battery packs. You can use either the built in battery packs or the included power supply to power up the amplifier. The Low Batt. indicator will light on when the battery level is low. At this point, the amplifier cannot be powered up until the power supply has been plugged in to recharge the battery. The amplifier can be used normally while charging. After the battery is fully charged, this indicator will turn off automatically.A full charge can take up to 4 hours, a full charge allows up to 4 hours of use.*Use time may vary depending on your settings.GuitarChannel 1口_。
研究报告生命科学仪器2020第18卷/10月刊基于直接数字合成的便携式超声波治疗仪研制王志成1,庞宇*,蒋伟,张博臻,赵鸿毅(重庆邮电大学光电信息感测与传输技术重庆市重点实验室,重庆400065)摘要:针对家用超声波治疗仪出现的电-声转化效率低.输出强度单一,精度低,体积大等问题.提岀一种基于直接数字合成的便携式超声波治疗仪。
治疗仪采用低功耗STM32L151控制直接数字合成器产生超声驱动信号,经过驱动电路和滤波电路调节后,利用功率放大模块驱动压电陶瓷片产生频率为1MHz,强度为300mW/cm2、500mW/cm2.IOOOmW/cm2,1300mW/cm2四个档位的超声波:反馈调节系统采用Fuzzy神经网络和锁相环结合的频率自动跟踪方法,软件部分采用BP(Back Propagation)神经网络控制器输出动态匹配电感实现动态匹配.实验测试证明,该超声波治疗仪方便携带,具有电-声转化效率高,输出功率稳定.输出声强动态可调,成本低等特点:关键词:直接数字合成;便携式;Fuzzy神经网络;锁相环;BP神经网络;中图分类号:TP272文献标识码:A DOI:10.11967/2020181006Development of Portable Ultrasonic Therapeutic Apparatus Based onDirect Digital SynthesisWang Zhicheng,Pang Yu Jiang Wei,Zhang Bozhen,Zhao Hong yi(Chongqing Key Laboratory of O ptoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmission Technology,ChongqingUniversity of P osts and Telecommunications,Chongqing400065,China)Abstract:Aiming at the problems of low electric-acoustic conversion efficiency,single output intensity,low precision and large volume in household ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus,a portable ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus based on direct digital synthesis is proposed.The treatment instrument USES the low-power STM32L151controlled direct digital synthesizer to generate ultrasonic drive signal.After the adjustment of the drive circuit and filter circuit,the power amplifier module is used to drive the piezoelectric ceramic chip to generate ultrasonic waves with frequency of lmhz and intensity of300mW/cm2,500mW/cm2,1000mW/cm2and1300mW/cm2.The feedback regulation system adopts Fuzzy neural network and PLL combined frequency automatic tracking method,and the software part USES BP(Back Propagation)neural network controller output dynamic matching inductance to realize dynamic matching.Experimental tests show that the ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus is convenient to carry, with high electric-sound conversion efficiency,stable output power,dynamically adjustable output sound intensity and low cost.Key Words:Direct digital synthesis;Portable;Fuzzy neural network;Phase-locked loop;BP neural network;|CLC Number]TP272|Document Code|A DOI::10.11967/2020181006引言医学研究表明超声波对治疗类风湿,肩周炎等慢性软组织损伤具有显著治疗作用卩传统的家用超声波治疗仪频率跟踪速度慢.电-声转化效率低E。
欢迎使用 TAKSTAR 便携式数字扩音器。
本产品是专为教学、导游和参观等而设计的,采用数字技术,提供更长久的电池使用时间和较大的输出功率,是教学、导游的理想选择。
在使用之前,请仔细阅读说明书,以便能正确的操作,发挥本扩音器的理想性能。
• • 采用class D数字模块,低功耗高效率,能输出高达6W的音频功率。
• 内置大容量耐久型锂离子电池,为该产品提供高电能的同时,减少 废弃物的产生。
• 内置MUC充电管理系统,使电池处于安全可靠的模式下充放电,充 电只需4-6小时,而连续使用可达20小时。
• 灵活可变的多种佩挂方式,适应不同用户的个性需求。
• 产品外观按人体工程学设计,造型新颖,外观时尚, 使用舒适。
集麦克风、功放、音箱、充电器、电池为一体的便携式数字扩音器。
产品特性频率响应:80Hz-12kHz输出功率:6W(PMPO:12W)扬声器阻抗:4Ω工作电压:3.7V电池规格:3.7V/2200mAh锂离子电池充电器规格:DC 5V/600-750mA 充电时间:4-6小时 4-6hrs 使用时间:20小时 主机重量:243g技术参数注意事项特别声明※ 得胜公司保留对本说明书描述的产品及说明书内容更新和改进的权利,如有更改,恕不另行通知。
标准配件HM-700头戴麦克风1. E5扩音器由锂离子电池供电,电池有使用寿命限制,当工作时间明显缩短 时,请更换电池。
2. 过高或过低的温度都会影响电池的充电效果,请将电池充电的环境温度保 持在0-45℃。
3. 请不要擅自从扩音器内取出电池挪作其它用途,更不要将电池掷入火中或 水中。
4. 电池属于易耗品,不在保修范围之内,更换电池时,请使用厂家 电池。
5. 请注意不要使电池发生短路(避免与项链、钥匙、发夹、导线等金属物放 置在一起),也不要使用其它充电器或已受损电池。
6. 请正确处理废弃电池,不要将其直接投入垃圾桶。
7. 不要让儿童接触电池,并将电池当做玩具。
1INTRODUCTIONT raditional musical instrument amplifier productscapable of providing high output are large and not easy for a person to transport frequently.There are also small,portable amplifiers available on the market,but they are limited in their sound level capability and cannot be used for group playing or loud music styles.Amateur and prof essional musicians requireequipment that will sound excellent while playing at all levels and w hich is very reliable.It is the goal of the amplifier described here to provide good sound and suff icient output f or almost all playing situations and musical styles ,w hile remaining very compact and easy to carry.2DESIGN GOALSM odern music can sometimes place large demands on amplification systems :w ith high sound pressurelevels and long periods of continuous maximum output.Soundlevel and frequency spectrum studiesw eremade of musicians playing amplif ied guitar under many different conditions.It w as determined f rom thisresearch that an amplifier w hich can produce an continuous output of at least 120dB SPL @1M is required to meet the needs of players under most conditions.Even under these very loud conditions,additional short-term power peaks should be available,“y ”Reaching this output level w ith a relatively small loudspeaker driver requires high electrical pow er and good loudspeaker eff iciency.Listening tests indicatedthat a bass cutoff below about 200Hz w as appropriate to the sound of an electric guitar.A 165mm driverw as chosen as the best compromise betw een ef ficiency and size.T o keep the enclosure small,aggressivefiltering of deep bass frequencies is performed,andgood control of signal dynamic range is maintained.The system block diagram is show n in Figure 1.T his block diagram is generally similar to other musical instrument amplif iers ,but additional f iltering andequalization are provided at several points in the signal flow .T his filtering is carefully adapted to the loud-speaker and enclosure,and is adapted to the outputsignal level.3ENCLOSURET he system enclosure is a critical part of the soundq y y f T 文章编号:1002-8684(2008)S 1-0067-06Design Consider ations for a New Class of Compact andEfficient Musical Instrument AmplifiersKenneth Kantor(ZT Amplifiers,Inc.,2329Fourth S tre et Berkeley,CA 94710,USA)【Abstr act 】This paper describes the design considerations f or a high output ,music al instr ument amplif ier in asmall,portable enclosure.The unique goal of this design is to achieve exc ellent sound quality,with a continuous sound pressure level greater than 120dB S PL,from package dimensions of only 178mm ×203mm ×102mm.Inaddition ,the system must be highly reliable .The technical development of the preamp circuit ,signal processor ,pow er amplif ier and loudspeaker dr iver are described below .Figure 1Block D iagramSpeakerPower Amp Post-Filter Rev erbT o neDynamicsFix ed EQ Pre-Filter Preamp InputT e c h n ic a l Es s e n cE技术精粹6to give the music a d namic audible characteristic.ualit in an musical instrument ampli ier.o handle7the high pow er dissipation and to achieve the most internal volume,a metal enclosure w as chosen.Theenclosure w as developed to meet several key require-ments:(1)High strength-to-w eight ratio.(2)Impact and w ear resistance.(3)Minimum external dimensions.(4)Maximum internal volume.(5)Good heat dissipation.(6)Enough mass to avoid vibration w hen played loudly.T he assembly uses a heavy aluminum structure to support the internal electrical and acoustical compo-nents.A ttached to this inner structure is an outer skin of thin steel to provide the proper cosmetic appear-ance and durability.Great care w as taken to minimize resonance in the enclosure.The tw o layers of metalare attached together using a silicon adhesive,w hichprovides strength and vibration damping.The feel ofthe enclosure is very solid to the touch.T he rear panel of the enclosure is bare aluminum and is the main point of heat dissipation in the system.However,the entire metal structure contributes to the heatsink ef fect and provides excellent heat dissipation f rom a small package,w hile avoiding any hotspots.The loudspeaker driver is of a relatively small diameter,therefore a sealed box design w as selectedto maximiz e the low frequency output.T his avoids the cancellation of long wavelengths from the rear of the driver and controls driver excursion below the Fc resonance point.Since there are f ew er anti -phase ref lections,a sealed box also has the benefit ofy f 4INPUT STAGEIt is generally understood that a electric guitars sound the best w hen presented with a load impedance of at least 1M !.T he input stage configuration isshow n in Figure 3.T he circuit topology is selected to provide the proper loading and low noise ,w hile alsoreducing the sensitivity of the input stage to possibleRF interference.Many amplifier designers assume that the maximum output of the electric guitar is only a few hundred mV.T his is true under most conditions.How ever,w henplayed very hard,some types of guitar pickups canput out instantaneous peak voltages of over 6V pp into a load of 1M !.(1)U p to 6Vpp.(2)0.5V average level.(3)High input impedance;1M !.(4)Immune to RF interference.(5)A C-coupled.(6)L ow noise.(7)Protected against accidental overload.5SIGNAL PROCESSINGO nce the guitar signal is handled by the preamplifier circuit,it operates at a more consistent level andlow er impedance.At this point,signal processingfunctions may be applied to achieve the desired sound quality.Important features of the signal processinginclude:(1)G ain.(2)Controlled non-linear distortion.(3)Frequency response equalization.(4)Reverberation.(5)U ser T one Controls.(6)f T f q y f f Figure 2MechanicalAssembly(a )Frontage(b )SideF igure 3Input Stage100p10k10"0.0047"2M2MInputT e c h n ic a lE s s e n c e技术精粹6maintaining a more consistent response when placed close to the wall or stacked with man other ampli iers.Power protection o the loudspeaker driver.heoverall re uenc responseo the ampli ier8circuit is show n in Figure 4.T his is the nominalelectrical response of the circuit,and does not include cabinet or loudspeaker influences.Notice the boostedcharacteristic of the upper f requencies,and the sharp f iltering above and below the operating band.T heexact shape of the curve is determined by ear and by comparison to standard designs.T he filtering aboveabout 8kHz and below about 200Hz is designed toprovide good sound,and to maximize the usablepow er output.6AUDIO AMPLIFIER D uring typical use,the pow er output stage of amusical instrument amplifier is often operated above the “clipping ”point.T his is normal and expected ,and helps to generate the harmonic overtones that are part of the musical sound.How the amplifier circuitreacts to the voltage overload condition is an important part of its sound quality.A t first,a Class D sw itching amplif ier w as considered,to try and maximize theeff iciency of the system.How ever ,it w as diff icult to obtain the kind of overload response that is desirable.With an AB design it w as much easier to achieve the required output overload characteristics.In practice a Class AB output stage operated at nearly the same efficiency as a Class D,because of the very lowcrest f actor and high level of the signal.Thus,not much pow er is w asted during high volume use ,themost important condition.T he A/B design used is also very stable as the power supply varies,w ith excellent rejection ratio.T f f y ,“”T y x z voltage available across the load.The output stagecan easily deliver more than 40V p across a nominal 8O hm loudspeaker.This is more than sufficient tomeet the sound pressure level targets required.7POWER SUPP LYThe pow er supply arrangement is show n in Figure 5.Thisarrangement provides+/-24V to the pow eramplifiers with a virtual ground,thus eliminating the requirement for coupling capacitors.+/-12V rails arecreated to operate the general audio circuitry.Inaddition,there is a small, 3.3V sub-regulator to supplythe digital circuitry used.No regulation is used on the +/-24V rails,sincethe natural behavior of a linear supply is very w ell-suited to musical instrument use.T he sag behaviorintroduced by the supply supports high short -termpeaks,w hile limiting the output dissipation of theamplifier under continuous signal conditions.8LOUDSPEAKER DRIVERProper selection of the loudspeaker driver is one of the critical elements in achieving the necessary sound and reliability from a musical instrument amplifier.This is especially true when the loudspeaker must be small,and w ill be pushed to near its operating limits.A driver diameter of 165mm w as determined to be the minimum siz e for operation at the high SPL levels needed.Many engineering aspects of this driver areoptimized to give the highest possible output level.For example,compared to typical high f idelity loud-speakers,this driver is not required to have very low distortion or good bass output.Thus,it may be con-structed w ith a small Xmax,relatively high Fs,andff y O f f F igure 5Pow er S upply Configur ation+3.3V-12V-24V +12V+24V48V DCINFigure 4Electrical FrequencyResponse20k10k 5k 2k 1k 5002001005020-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50510152025303540f /Hzd B r Te c h n ic a l Es s e n cE技术精粹6he ampli ier output is a ull balanced bridge design.his topolog ma imi es the instantaneous peakthe highest possible e icienc .ther eatures o theloudspeaker driver include9very high pow er handling,and the ability to w orkw ell in a small,sealed enclosure.T he overall near -f ield response of the amplifier system,including both the electronics and the acoustical elements ,is show nin Figure 6.Tw o slightly different response curves are plotted.The red curve indicates the response w ith the tone control set to a“minimum ,”w hile the bluecurve is the opposite setting.T his response may becompared to the electrical curve show n previously in Figure 4in order to understand the transf er function of the loudspeaker driver.9SUM MARYT he engineering design of a small guitar amplifier M y f z f pressure level and compact size.T he system is capable of very loud output and excellent sound quality in z y T f y Figure 6A coustical Frequency Response and Tone ControlRange20k10k 5k 2k 1k 5002001005020-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50510152025303540f /Hzd B r 新型紧凑高效乐器放大器的设计思路Kenneth Kantor(ZT Amplifiers,Inc.,2329Fourth S tre et Berkeley,CA 94710,USA)【摘要】介绍了封装在体积小、便携式音箱内大功率输出乐器放大器的设计理念。
SGM491880mW, Capless, Stereo Headphone Amplifier with ShutdownGENERAL DESCRIPTIONThe SGM4918 stereo headphone amplifier is designed for portable equipment where board space is at a premium. The SGM4918 uses capless architecture to produce a ground-referenced output from a single power supply, eliminating the need for large DC-blockingcapacitors for output, saving cost, board space, and component height. Additionally, for SGM4918B, the gain is set internally (-2V/V), further reducing component count. For SGM4918A, the gain can be adjusted by external feedback resistors.The SGM4918 delivers up to 80mW per channel into a 32Ω load and has low 0.03% THD+N. A -78dB power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) at 217Hz allows this device to operate from noisy digital supplies without an additional linear regulator. Comprehensive click-and-pop circuitry suppresses audible clicks and pops on startup and shutdown.The SGM4918 operates from a single 2.7V to 5.2V supply, consumes only 5.8mA supply current, has short-circuit and thermal-overload protections, and is specified over the extended -40°C to +85°C temperature range. The SGM4918 is available in a Green TDFN-3×3-10L package.FEATURES∙ SGM4918A: External Feedback Gain Network SGM4918B: Fixed -2V/V Gain∙ No Bulky DC-Blocking Capacitors Required ∙ Ground-Referenced Outputs Eliminate DC-Bias Voltage on Headphone Ground Pin∙ No Degradation of Low-Frequency Response Due to Output Capacitors∙ 80mW into 32Ω Load from 5V Power Supply at THD+N = 0.1% (TYP, per Channel) ∙ Low 0.03% THD+N∙ High PSRR (-78dB at 217Hz)∙ Integrated Click-and-Pop Suppression ∙ 2.7V to 5.2V Single Supply Operation ∙ Low Quiescent Current (5.8mA at V DD = 5V) ∙ Shutdown Control∙ Short-Circuit and Thermal-Overload Protections ∙ Undervoltage Lockout Function∙ -40℃ to +85℃ Operating Temperature Range ∙ Available in Green TDFN-3×3-10L PackageAPPLICATIONSNotebook PCs Cellular Phones PDAs MP3 Players Smart PhonesPortable Audio EquipmentREV. A. 1SG Micro Corp.Amplifier with Shutdown2SGM4918SG Micro Corp.PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATIONMODEL ORDER NUMBERPACKAGEDESCRIPTIONGAIN (V/V)MARKING INFORMATIONPACKAGE OPTION SGM4918A SGM4918AYD10G/TR TDFN-3×3-10L ADJSGM 4918AD XXXXX Tape and Reel, 3000SGM4918B SGM4918BYD10G/TR TDFN-3×3-10L -2 SGM 4918BD XXXXXTape and Reel, 3000NOTE: XXXXX = Date Code and Vendor Code.ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSV DD to GND…………………………..........................-0.3V to +6V C1P to GND............................................... -0.3V to (V DD + 0.3V) C1N to GND.............................................. (V SS - 0.3V) to + 0.3V V SS to GND .............................................................-6V to +0.3V OUTR, OUTL to GND...................... (V SS - 0.3V) to (V DD + 0.3V)SHDN toGND....................................................... -0.3V to +6V INR, INL to GND.............................. (V SS - 0.3V) to (V DD + 0.3V) Output Short Circuit to GND or V DD ...........................Continuous Junction Temperature........................................................150℃ Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40℃ to +85℃ Storage Temperature Range .............................-65℃ to +150℃ Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s) ..................................260℃ESD SusceptibilityHBM ..................................................................................3000V HBM (Output pins to Supply and Ground pins)..................4000V MM (200V)NOTE:Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. CAUTIONThis integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD if you don’t pay attention to ESD protection. SGMICRO recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.SGMICRO reserves the right to make any change in circuit design, specification or other related things if necessary without notice at any time. Please contact SGMICRO sales office to get the latest datasheet.Amplifier with Shutdown3SGM4918SG Micro Corp.PIN CONFIGURATION (TOP VIEW)C1N V SS C1P OUTL INL GND V DD TDFN-3×3-10LOUTRINRSHDNPIN DESCRIPTIONSAmplifier with Shutdown4SGM4918SG Micro Corp.ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(T A = +25°C, V DD = SHDN = 5V, V GND = 0V, R IN = R F = 40k Ω (gain = -1V/V), C1 = C2 = 1µF, C3 = 4.7µF, C4 = 0.1µF, R L = ∞, unlessotherwise noted.) (1)NOTE:1. For R IN , R F , C1 and etc, please refer to the FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM/TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT on page 8.Amplifier with Shutdown5SGM4918SG Micro Corp.TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSOutput Power (mW)Output Power (mW)Output Power (mW)Amplifier with Shutdown6SGM4918SG Micro Corp.TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSAmplifier with Shutdown7SGM4918SG Micro Corp.TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSAmplifier with Shutdown8SGM4918SG Micro Corp.FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM/TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITNOTE:1. In order to get good performance, it’s important to select the right C1, C2 and C3 in application. All tests are performed with circuit set up with X5R and X7R capacitors. Capacitors having high dissipative loss, such as Y5V capacitor, may cause performance degradation and unexpected system behavior.Amplifier with Shutdown9SGM4918SG Micro Corp.PCB LAYOUT GUIDE31245TDFN-3×3-10LC40.1μFThe reference PCB layout is shown below:NOTES:1. To ensure the normal operation of the device, decoupling capacitors (C3 and C4) must be placed as close to SGM4918 as possible. The loop length formed by C3/C4, V DD and GND should be no longer than 5mm; otherwise the device will not start up at high supply voltage.2. Proper layout and ground connection are essential for optimum performance. Connect Exposed Paddle and GND together at a single point on the PCB. Ensure ground return resistance is minimized for optimum THD and crosstalk performance. Place the power-supply bypass capacitor, the charge-pump hold capacitor, and the charge-pump flying capacitor as close as possible to the SGM4918. Route all traces that carry switching transients away from the audio signal path.Amplifier with Shutdown10SGM4918SG Micro Corp.PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONSTDFN-3×3-10LRECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN (Unit: mm)ASIDE VIEWBOTTOM VIEWTOP VIEWDimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In InchesSymbolMIN MAX MIN MAXA 0.700 0.800 0.028 0.031 A1 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.002 A20.203 REF0.008 REFD 2.900 3.100 0.114 0.122 D1 2.300 2.500 0.091 0.098E 2.900 3.100 0.114 0.122 E1 1.600 1.800 0.063 0.071 k 0.200 MIN 0.008 MIN b 0.180 0.300 0.007 0.012 e0.500 TYP0.020 TYPL 0.300 0.500 0.012 0.020Amplifier with Shutdown11SGM4918SG Micro Corp.TAPE AND REEL INFORMATIONNOTE: The picture is only for reference. Please make the object as the standard.KEY PARAMETER LIST OF TAPE AND REELPackage TypeReel Diameter Reel WidthW1(mm)A0 (mm)B0 (mm)K0 (mm)P0 (mm)P1 (mm)P2 (mm)W (mm)Pin1 QuadrantTDFN-3×3-10L 13’’ 12.4 3.35 3.351.134.008.00 2.00 12.00Q1REEL DIMENSIONSAmplifier with Shutdown12SGM4918SG Micro Corp.CARTON BOX DIMENSIONSNOTE: The picture is only for reference. Please make the object as the standard.KEY PARAMETER LIST OF CARTON BOXReel TypeLength (mm)Width (mm)Height (mm)Pizza/Carton13” 386 280 370 5。
SPIRIT&TECHNOLOGYOriginalityThe Lineup Quality Portable & Battery-PoweredGAJCCUBECMACBAn n n n n n n n n n n nGA Series JC JAZZ CHORUSn Original COSM amp model with incredible feel, attack, natural compression, and sustainn Morph from clean to super-extreme tones with the DRIVE knob and BOOST buttonn Sound Indicator displays the level of distortion in a range of colorsn LEDs embedded in the knobs show current settings; great for dark stagesn Intuitive operation with simple, fast-access structure; two volume controls, three tone controls, presence, and reverb n Smart Channel automatically memorizes the current position of knobs for all channelsn Control channel switching and other functions via GA-FC foot controller (sold separately)n Two models available — GA-212: 200W amp with two 12″ speakers, GA-112: 100W amp with one 12″ speaker n Pure, pristine sound across the entire frequency rangen Excellent picking responsen Spatially synthesized stereo chorus through twin-amp/twin-speaker designn Versatile tone creation, from lush ambience and reverb to powerful distortion n Stereo effects loop for processing flexibilityn Effects loop circuitry with series and parallel routing optionsn Heavy-duty construction with tough, tacked exteriorFORGUITARFORGUITARGroundbreaking stage amps with original tone. A masterpiece of pure tone, power, and legendary stereo chorus.GA-212/GA-112Guitar AmplifierJC-120Jazz Chorus Guitar AmplifierProgressive Amp Smart ChannelConvenient hands-free performance Control your sound from the floorAccelerate your workflowA new world of versatile tone Stack your amps for extraordinary power!World’s first spatiallysynthesized chorusStereo effects loop Footswitch jack and stereoline output With a simple twist of the DRIVE knob and push of theBOOST button, you can morph through a diverse soniclandscape of new amp sounds, from Clean to Super Extreme.* Front- and rear-panel specifications are the same for GA-212 and GA-112.l Switch instantly between four channels and two routings of loops,reverbs, boost settings, etc. l Simultaneously connect two expressionpedals for real-time control of volume and drive l Simultaneouslycontrol stacked amps via Link In/Out portThe GA’s innovative Smart Channel featurescans and saves your panel settingsautomatically, and you can recall all fourchannels of settings with a single buttonpush. The bright LED knobs clearly indicatethe positions of each parameter, visuallyconfirming the settings even on dark stages.The GA series lets you stack amps via the Linkconnector — great for guitarists who arelooking for even higher decibel levels. Connecttwo GA-212s for up to 400W of power!* Up to two units can be stacked.Do not stack three or more units.The combination of two independentamplifiers, two enclosed speakers, and thespecially designed cabinet results in legendarychorus with unmatched width and depth.The stereo effects loop, with level and modecontrols, lets you interface with a variety ofexternal effects — from multi-effectsprocessors to compact pedals.The footswitch jacks can be used to controlchorus/vibrato, reverb, and distortionindividually. The stereo line output lets youroute your JC tone directly to external mixers,recorders, etc.Clean Crunch Lead Extreme SuperExtremeNo BoostBoostEV-5FV-500H FV-500LGA-FC GA Foot ControllerExpression Pedal Foot Volume/Expression Pedal Foot Volume/Expression PedalFront PanelFront Panel Rear Panel〈GA-212〉〈GA-112〉Rear Panel45CUBE XL SeriesCOSM AMP TYPEDLX COMBOMETAL STACKACOUSTIC SIMJC CLEANTWEEDEXTREMEBLACK PANELCLASSIC STACKDYNA AMPBRIT COMBOR-FIER STACKEFFECTSCHORUSTREMOLOREVERB “SPRING”FLANGERHEAVY OCTAVEREVERB “PLATE”PHASERDELAY* COSM Amps ** COSM DistortionsAMP TYPEDISTORTION**EXTREME**JC CLEAN*METAL**ACOUSTIC SIM*OVERDRIVE**METAL STACK**CHORUSTREMOLODELAYFLANGERSOLOREVERB “SPRING”PHASERHEAVY OCTAVEREVERB (PLATE)EFFECTS* BOSS Designed DistortionsAMP TYPECLEANDISTORTION*EXTREMEOVERDRIVE*METAL ZONE*n 80W guitar amp with 12″ high-performance custom speakern Footswitchable channels, including JC Clean, Lead, and Solowith memory capabilityn 11 COSM amp models, including the new Extreme ampn Eight effects, including the new Heavy Octave andCOSM vintage Spring Reverbn 80-second Phrase Looper built inn Hands-free channel switching via footswitch (sold separately)n 20W guitar amp with 8″ high-performance custom speakern Two channels: Independent JC Clean and Lead plus Solo function for extra boostn Six Lead types, including the new Extreme ampn Nine effects, including the new Heavy Octave and COSM vintage Spring Reverbn Power Squeezer for full gain at low volumen Convenient audible tuner lets you tune your guitar without unpluggingn 15W guitar amp with 8″ high-performance custom speakern Two independent channels: Clean and Leadn Three authentic BOSS Lead tones, including Metal Zone and Extremen80W of high-powered sound for the stage. Meet the flagship of CUBE XL amps.Perfect for small spaces. Solid, heavy XL-quality tone.Compact CUBE with EXTREME amp and BOSS distortion.CUBE-80XLGuitar AmplifierCUBE-20XLGuitar AmplifierCUBE-15XLGuitar AmplifierControl Panel Control PanelControl PanelRear PanelCOSM AMP TYPEBRIT COMBOR-FIER STACKJC CLEANCLASSIC STACKDYNA AMPBLACK PANELMETAL STACKACOUSTIC SIMTWEEDEXTREMEEFFECTSCHORUSTREMOLOREVERB “SPRING”FLANGERHEAVY OCTAVEREVERB “PLATE”PHASERDELAYn 40W guitar amp with 10″ high-performance custom speakern Footswitchable channels, including JC Clean, Lead, and Solowith memory capabilityn 10 COSM amp models, including the new Extreme ampn Eight effects, including the new Heavy Octave andCOSM vintage Spring Reverbn 80-second Phrase Looper built inn Power Squeezer for full gain at low volumeFor gigs, for practice — XL sound in a streamlined cabinet.CUBE-40XLGuitar AmplifierControl PanelRear Panel67CUBE XL BASS Series MICRO CUBE Seriesn Professional 120W amp with custom-designed 12″ coaxial speakern Dual custom-designed air-flow port for deep bass and punchy soundn Eight COSM bass amp models, including the new Super Lown Seven effects, including the new Poly Octave and Driven Solo function with memory for use as a second channeln Looper function for layered solos and one-person performancesn Built-in chromatic bass tuner with drop tuning supportPowerful 120W amp with flagship features and massive sound.CUBE-120XL BASSBass Amplifier 〈CB-120XL〉nUltra-compact 20W bass amp with custom-designed 8″ speakern Six COSM bass amp models, including the new Super Flatn Seven effects, including the new Poly Octave and Driven Power Squeezer function for powerful bass tones at low volumesn Built-in tuner that’s easy to useXL BASS quality in an amp sized for the bedroom.CUBE-20XL BASSBass Amplifier 〈CB-20XL〉Micro body, battery powered, shockingly BIG sound!MICRO CUBEGuitar Amplifierl AC Adaptor IncludedFlexible input options support a widerange of applications.Improve your chops withRhythm Guide.The MICRO CUBE RX series features a Record output for directconnection to recording devices. It also has Aux input, which letsyou plug in an MP3/CD player or instrument such as a drummachine. The Footswich input lets you tap tempo or start/stop thebuilt-in Rhythm Guide tracks.* MICRO CUBE RX/BASS RX share the same rear-panel design.Build your skills with the MICROCUBE RX series’ Rhythm Guide.Choose from 11 genres of rhythms(rock, R&B, jazz, and more) withthree types of rhythms per genre.Set your desired tempo with theTap Tempo button, and play alongwith pro-quality backing patterns.You can also use an optionalfootswitch for tap-tempo inputand start/stop control.COSM AMP TYPESUPER FLATBASS360FLIP TOPSESSIONT.ESUPER LOWB MANCONCERT 810EFFECTSDELAYDRIVEREVERB “ROOM“CHORUSREVERB “PLATE”POLY OCTAVECOMPRESSORSUPER FLATBASS360B MANCONCERT 810FLIP TOPSESSIONCHORUSDELAYDRIVEPOLY OCTAVECOMPRESSORSOLOREVERBCOSM AMP TYPEEFFECTSControl PanelPowerful stereo sound from a battery-powered amp.MICRO CUBE RXGuitar Amplifier 〈MCUBE-RX〉l AC Adaptor Includedn Highly efficient stereo amp and four custom speakersn Speaker material reproduces harmonics with full clarityn Seven COSM amps produce tones based on masterpiece amplifiersn Built-in mic preampn High-quality chorus, flanger, delay, and reverb onboardn Rhythm Guide function for rhythm training and accompanimentn Boost switch provides instant tonal variationn Built-in chromatic tuner; can also be set for E-flat tuningUp to 13 hours of continuoususe with AA alkaline batteries.COSM AMP TYPEJC CLEANCLASSIC STACKACOUSTIC SIMBLACK PANELMETAL STACKMICBRIT COMBOR-FIER STACKEFFECTSCHORUSTREMOLOFLANGERDELAYPHASERREVERBControl PanelCustom made for bass. Play anywhere on battery power.MICRO CUBE BASS RXBass Amplifier 〈MCB-RX〉l AC Adaptor Includedn Four high-efficiency speakers with custom-coated cones that reduce unwantedvibrations and provide clear, tight soundn Seven types of COSM amps developed specifically for bassn Built-in mic preampn Onboard effects include high-quality chorus, delays, reverbs, and T-Wahn Built-in bass compressor to even out dynamicsn Rhythm Guide function for rhythm training and accompanimentn Built-in tuner with support for E-flat tuning as well as low B and high Cfor six-string bassesUp to 11 hours of continuoususe with AA alkaline batteries.COSM AMP TYPEOCTAVE BASSB MANCONCERT 810SUPER FLATBASS360MICFLIP TOPSESSIONEFFECTSCOMPRESSORT-WAHCHORUSDELAYFLANGERREVERBControl PanelControl PanelRear Paneln Seven COSM amps provide a diverse range of tonen Great spatial effects onboard; use simultaneouslywith delays and reverbsn Built-in mic preamp for sing-along performancen Digital tuning fork provides quick tuning referencen Recording/Headphones output and stereo Aux inputfor CD players, etc.Up to 20 hours of continuoususe with AA alkaline batteries.CB-MCC1Protective Cover for MICRO CUBECustom-fitted coverCOSM AMP TYPEJC CLEAN BLACK PANEL BRIT COMBOR-FIER STACK ACOUSTIC MICCLASSIC STACKEFFECTSCHORUS FLANGERDELAYPHASERREVERBTREMOLOControl PanelRear Paneln Compact 60W bass amp with custom-designed 10″ coaxial speakern Dual custom-designed air-flow port for deep bass and punchy soundn Eight COSM bass amp models, including the new Super Lown Seven effects, including the new Poly Octave and Driven Solo function with memory for use as a second channeln Power Squeezer and Phrase Looper onboardn Built-in chromatic bass tuner with drop tuning supportVersatile 60W amp for studio sessions and gigs.Bass Amplifier 〈CB-60XL〉COSM AMP TYPEFLIP TOPSESSIONT.ESUPER LOWB MANCONCERT 810SUPER FLATBASS360EFFECTSDELAYDRIVEREVERB “ROOM”POLY OCTAVECOMPRESSORCHORUSREVERB “PLATE”Control PanelRear Panel〈M-CUBE〉〈M-CUBE-R〉〈M-CUBE-W〉Audio Player, etcInstrument, etc89CUBE Series CUBE MONITOR CM SeriesorMIC/LINE CHANNELDELAY REVERBGUITAR/INSTRUMENT CHANNELCHORUS FLANGER PHASERREVERBTREMOLO DELAYJC CLEAN BLACK PANELCLASSIC STACK R-FIER STACKINSTRUMENT MICBRIT COMBOACOUSTIC SIMCOSM AMP TYPE EFFECTSA-GUITARKEYBOARD/INSTRUMENT FATE-GUITAR CLEANE-GUITAR DISTKEYBOARD/INSTRUMENT NORMALAUDIOE-GUITAR OVERDRIVEAMP TYPECHORUS DELAY REVERBEFFECTSThe world is your stage. Use the CUBE Street anywhere! 2.1 monitor system for electronic instrumentsMulti-purpose portable mixing monitorInstruments and microphones welcome. Plug in the entire band!CUBE StreetBattery Powered Stereo Amplifierl AC Adaptor IncludedCM-220/CM-110Cube MonitorCM-30Cube MonitorMOBILE CUBEBattery Powered Stereo Amplifier 〈MB-CUBE〉l PSA Series Optional AC Adaptorn Compact, lightweight stereo amplifier with slanted cabinet designn Two high-performance 6.5″ speakersn Runs on batteries or AC adaptorn Dual-channel architecture with Guitar/Inst and Mic/Line inputsn Aux In jack for playing along with external audio players orrhythm machinesn Eight COSM Amps, six digital effects, and chromatic tuner built inn 2-band EQ, Delay/Reverb for the Mic/Line-channelnnnnnand RCA phono typennn High-power 30W amp in a compact bodyn Three channels and two Aux inputs to handle five simultaneous sourcesn Supports a wide range of applications ranging from instruments, audio playback,live monitoring, and basic sound reinforcementn Channels 2 and 3, and Aux support stereo inputsn Stereo Link function lets you connect two CM-30 units for a total of ten simultaneous inputchannels with stereo playbackn Three inputs for microphone, stereo instrument, and stereo Auxn Built-in stereo effects including delay, reverb, and chorusn Center Cancel feature for minus-one-type vocal practicen Play at full power for up to 15 hours on six AA alkaline batteriesn Mount on ST-CMS1 speaker stand or mic standCB-CS1CB-MBC1ST-CMS1Carrying BagCarrying CaseMonitor SpeakerStandOpen the flap and start playing.Water-repellent material.Powerful model with 200W outputCustom-fittedCarrying CaseAttach satellite speakers to these stands andlisten to music at an ideal height.Control Panel Side PanelTop PanelControl PanelRear PanelRear PanelControl Panel Rear PanelPlay at full power for 15 hourson six AA alkaline batteries!Up to 15 hours ofcontinuous use withAA alkaline batteries.〈Left〉〈Right〉〈CM-220〉〈CM-110〉〈CM-110-WH〉〈CUBE-ST〉〈CUBE-ST-R〉* Top- and rear-panel specifications are the same for CM-220 and CM-110.10111213ACOUSTIC CHORUS AC Seriesn AC-90: 90W (45W + 45W) stereo amps, a powerhouse for the stagen AC-60: 60W (30W + 30W) stereo amps, a big stereo sound that’s portable n Switchable piezo and magnetic pickup input typesn Guitar and Mic/Line channels for vocal duos and singer/players n Mic channel with phantom power for condenser mics n 3-band EQ per channel for fine-tuning your soundn Spatially synthesized, bandwidth-divided chorus, plus reverbs, delays, and Shape feature for acoustic guitarn Anti-feedback function for eliminating howln Aux input, XLR out, DI out, and subwoofer outputn AC-60 is available in two colors: black and wood-color finishesPure quality, pristine beautyAC-90/AC-60Acoustic Chorus Guitar Amplifiern 30W (15W + 15W stereo)* power in a compact, portable package n Runs on batteries or AC powern Guitar and Mic channels plus Aux input for connecting an external audio playern Reverb, chorus, and ambience effectsn Ambience effects create spatial depth akin to concert halls and cathedrals, particularly beautiful with nylon-string guitarsn Eliminate howling with the onboard Anti-feedback feature n Phrase Looper with 40 seconds of record timen Available in two colors: black and wood-color finishesWorld’s first AA-battery-powered acoustic guitar ampAC-33Acoustic Chorus Guitar Amplifierl AC Adaptor Includedn 5W (2.5W + 2.5W) stereo amplifier delivers rich acoustic guitar sound n Three channel inputs to connect microphone, guitar, and audio player n Chorus, Reverb, and Wide effects add depth to your sound n Simple, intuitive controlsn Runs on batteries or optional AC adaptor n Speaker-stand mountableFits in a backpack, light enough to carry — take it anywhere!MOBILE ACAcoustic Chorus Guitar AmplifierG SoloG Duo GJam with songs〈AC-90〉〈AC-60〉〈AC-90〉〈AC-60〉〈AC-60-RW 〉〈AC-33〉〈AC-33-RW 〉Up to nine hours of continuous usewith eight AA rechargeable batteries.15 hours of use with six AA alkaline batteries.ST-CMS1Monitor Speaker StandQuality carrying case included.* MOBILE AC can also be mounted on standard mic stands.CB-MBC1Carrying CaseTilt stand enables optimal monitoring angle.Control PanelControl PanelControl Panel Side PanelRear PanelRear PanelHighly stable, height-adjustable speaker e this handy case to conveniently transport your MOBILE AC.〈Left 〉〈Right 〉Tilt stand enables optimal monitoring angle.1415BASeriesn All-in-one portable digital PA system suitable for use anywhere n Amazing sound pressure; delivers up to 109 dB SPL even when running on batteriesn Four 16 cm speakers and two tweeters cover a wide frequency spectrum n Powerful high-quality stereo sound for small-to-medium rooms n High-quality stereo effects, EQ, and Anti-feedback feature onboard n Expand to larger system with the Stereo Link feature n Built-in tilt stand for optimal performance anglenn High-efficiency digital amp driving two 6.5″ speakers; delivers 108 dB of powerful, high-quality soundn Digital microphone included; connects wirelessly for clean, clear reception n Two power modes: size AA batteries and AC adaptorn 3-channel mixer with two mic inputs and one instrument/audio input n Built-in echo effect that you can turn on/off from the microphone n Anti-feedback function prevents unwanted howlingn Expand the setup with two mics; add a second wireless mic [DR-WN55] or connect a wired micThe go-anywhere battery-powered amp for street bands.Superb system for conferences, speeches, and musical performances.BA-330Stereo Portable Amplifierl AC Adaptor IncludedBA-55Battery Powered Portable AmplifierlMicrophone and AC Adaptor IncludedControl PanelRear PanelST-A95Speaker StandCB-BA330Carrying CaseST-CMS1Monitor Speaker StandCB-MBC1Carrying CaseDR-WM55Wireless MicrophoneST-A95Speaker StandMounts on anoptionalspeaker standConveniently transport the BA-330Two built-in wireless receivers; add asecond wireless mic.Highly stable, height-adjustable speaker e this handy carrying bag to transport your MOBILE BA.Companion speaker stand that telescopesfor custom height adjustment.Rechargeable Battery HR6 (AA) type (nickel metal hydride): approx. 10 hours (MAX), approx. 15 hours (ECO)Approx. six hours of continuous use with eight size AA alkaline batteries. Also supports rechargeable batteries.Also features a pocket foran audio player.Control PanelRear PanelAn internal sensor automatically switches between stereo output (when positioned horizontally) and mono output (when positioned vertically).n Lightweight, compact amp with carrying strapn Big, dynamic stereo sound that defies its small bodyn 3-channel design supports a variety of inputs, including mics, instruments, computers, and audio players n Simple, intuitive controlsn Anti-feedback feature prevents annoying howlingn Center Cancel feature lets you create karaoke sing-along tracks n Speaker-stand mountableThe compact, battery-powered mobile amp you can take anywhere.MOBILE BABattery Powered Stereo AmplifierUp to 15 hours of continuous operation with six size AA alkaline batteries.Use as amplified speakers for your computer.〈BA-55〉〈BA-55-WH 〉Digital Wireless SystemControl Panel* MOBILE BA can also be mounted on standard mic stands.。
LM48901Watt Audio Power AmplifierGeneral DescriptionThe LM4890is an audio power amplifier primarily designed for demanding applications in mobile phones and other por-table communication device applications.It is capable of de-livering 1watt of continuous average power to an 8ΩBTL load with less than 1%distortion (THD+N)from a 5V DC power supply.Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of external components.The LM4890does not require output coupling capacitors or bootstrap capacitors,and therefore is ideally suited for mobile phone and other low voltage appli-cations where minimal power consumption is a primary re-quirement.The LM4890features a low-power consumption shutdown mode,which is achieved by driving the shutdown pin with logic low.Additionally,the LM4890features an internal ther-mal shutdown protection mechanism.The LM4890contains advanced pop &click circuitry which eliminates noises which would otherwise occur during turn-on and turn-off transitions.The LM4890is unity-gain stable and can be configured by external gain-setting resistors.Key Specificationsj Improved PSRR at 217Hz 62dB j Power Output at 5.0V &1%THD 1.0W(typ.)j Power Output at 3.3V &1%THD 400mW(typ.)j Shutdown Current0.1µA(typ.)Featuresn Available in space-saving packages micro SMD,MSOP and SOICn Ultra low current shutdown moden Can drive capacitive loads up to 500pFn Improved pop &click circuitry eliminates noises during turn-on and turn-off transitions n 2.0-5.5V operationn No output coupling capacitors,snubber networks or bootstrap capacitors required n Unity-gain stablen External gain configuration capabilityApplicationsn Mobile Phones n PDAsn Portable electronic devicesTypical ApplicationBoomer ®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.DS101310-1FIGURE 1.Typical Audio Amplifier Application CircuitSeptember 2000LM48901Watt Audio Power AmplifierConnection Diagram8Bump micro SMDDS101310-23Top ViewOrder Number LM4890IBP ,LM4890IBPX See NS Package Number BPA08FFBSmall Outline (SO)PackageDS101310-35Top ViewOrder Number LM4890M See NS Package Number M08A Mini Small Outline (MSOP)PackageDS101310-36Top ViewOrder Number LM4890MM See NS Package Number MUA08Amicro SMD MarkingDS101310-70Top View X -Date Code T -Die Traceability G -Boomer Family E -LM4890IBPSO MarkingDS101310-72Top View XY -Date Code TT -Die TraceabilityBottom 2lines -Part NumberMSOP MarkingDS101310-71Top ViewZ -Boomer Family 90-LM4890MML M 4890Absolute Maximum Ratings(Note2)If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.Supply Voltage 6.0V Storage Temperature−65˚C to+150˚C Input Voltage−0.3V to V DD+0.3V Power Dissipation(Note3)Internally Limited ESD Susceptibility(Note4)2500V ESD Susceptibility(Note5)250V Junction Temperature150˚C Thermal ResistanceθJC(SOP)35˚C/WθJA(SOP)150˚C/WθJA(micro SMD)220˚C/WθJC(MSOP)56˚C/WθJA(MSOP)190˚C/W Soldering InformationSee AN-1112″microSMD Wafers Level Chip Scale Package″.Operating RatingsTemperature RangeT MIN≤T A≤T MAX−40˚C≤T A≤85˚C Supply Voltage 2.0V≤V DD≤5.5VElectrical Characteristics VDD =5V(Notes1,2,8)The following specifications apply for V DD=5V,A V=1,and8Ωload unless otherwise specified.Limits apply for T A=25˚C.Symbol Parameter ConditionsLM4890Units(Limits) Typical Limit(Note6)(Note7)I DD Quiescent Power Supply Current V IN=0V,I o=0A410mA(max) I SD Shutdown Current V shutdown=GND0.1µA(max) P o Output Power THD=2%(max);f=1kHz1W THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise P o=0.4Wrms;f=1kHz0.1% PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V ripple=200mV sine p-p62(f=217Hz)66(f=1kHz)dBElectrical Characteristics VDD =3.3V(Notes1,2,8)The following specifications apply for V DD=3.3V,A V=1,and8Ωload unless otherwise specified.Limits apply for T A=25˚C.Symbol Parameter ConditionsLM4890Units(Limits) Typical Limit(Note6)(Note7)I DD Quiescent Power Supply Current V IN=0V,I o=0A 3.5mA(max) I SD Shutdown Current V shutdown=GND0.1µA(max) P o Output Power THD=1%(max);f=1kHz0.4W THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise P o=0.15Wrms;f=1kHz0.1% PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V ripple=200mV sine p-p60(f=217Hz)62(f=1kHz)dBElectrical Characteristics VDD =2.6V(Notes1,2,8)The following specifications apply for V DD=2.6V and8ΩLoad unless otherwise specified.Limits apply for T A=25˚C.Symbol Parameter ConditionsLM4890Units(Limits) Typical Limit(Note6)(Note7)I DD Quiescent Power Supply Current V IN=0V,I o=0A 2.6mA(max)I SD Shutdown Current V shutdown=GND0.1µA(max)LM4890Electrical Characteristics V DD =2.6V(Notes 1,2,8)The following specifications apply for V DD =2.6V and 8ΩLoad unless otherwise specified.Limits apply for T A =25˚C.(Continued)Symbol ParameterConditionsLM4890Units (Limits)Typical Limit (Note 6)(Note 7)P 0Output Power (8Ω)Output Power (4Ω)THD =1%(max);f =1kHz THD =1%(max);f =1kHz 0.20.4W W THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise P o =0.1Wrms;f =1kHz 0.08%PSRRPower Supply Rejection RatioV ripple =200mV sine p-p44(f =217Hz)44(f =1kHz)dBNote 1:All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin,unless otherwise specified.Note 2:Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur.Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is func-tional,but do not guarantee specific performance limits.Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guar-antee specific performance limits.This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings.Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is given,however,the typical value is a good indication of device performance.Note 3:The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by T JMAX ,θJA ,and the ambient temperature T A .The maximum allowable power dissipation is P DMAX =(T JMAX –T A )/θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings,whichever is lower.For the LM4890,see power derating currents for additional information.Note 4:Human body model,100pF discharged through a 1.5k Ωresistor.Note 5:Machine Model,220pF–240pF discharged through all pins.Note 6:Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.Note 7:Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).Note 8:For micro SMD only,shutdown current is measured in a Normal Room Environment.Exposure to direct sunlight will increase I SD by a maximum of 2µA.External Components Description(Figure 1)Components Functional Description1.R i Inverting input resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with R f .This resistor also forms a high pass filter with C i at f C =1/(2πR i C i ).2.C iInput coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifiers input terminals.Also creates ahighpass filter with R i at f c =1/(2πR i C i ).Refer to the section,Proper Selection of External Components ,for an explanation of how to determine the value of C i .3.R f Feedback resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with R i .4.C S Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering.Refer to the Power Supply Bypassing section for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.5.C BBypass pin capacitor which provides half-supply filtering.Refer to the section,Proper Selection of External Components ,for information concerning proper placement and selection of C B .L M 4890Typical Performance CharacteristicsTHD+N vs Frequencyat V DD=5V,8ΩR L,and PWR=250mWDS101310-37THD+N vs Frequencyat V DD=3.3V,8ΩR L,and PWR=150mWDS101310-38THD+N vs Frequencyat V DD=2.6V,8ΩR L,and PWR=100mWDS101310-39THD+N vs Frequencyat V DD=2.6V,4ΩR L,and PWR=100mWDS101310-40THD+N vs Power OutV DD=5V,8ΩR L,1kHzDS101310-41THD+N vs Power OutV DD=3.3V,8ΩR L,1kHzDS101310-42LM4890Typical Performance Characteristics(Continued)THD+N vs Power Out V DD =2.6V,8ΩR L ,1kHzDS101310-43THD+N vs Power Out V DD =2.6V,4ΩR L ,1kHzDS101310-44Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)V DD =5VDS101310-45Input terminated with 10ΩRPower Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)V DD =5VDS101310-73Input FloatingPower Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)V DD =2.6VDS101310-47Input terminated with 10ΩRPower Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)V DD =3.3VDS101310-46Input terminated with 10ΩRL M 4890Typical Performance Characteristics(Continued)Power Dissipation vsOutput PowerV DD=3.3VDS101310-49Power Dissipation vsOutput PowerV DD=5VDS101310-48Output Power vsLoad ResistanceDS101310-51Power Dissipation vsOutput PowerV DD=2.6VDS101310-50Supply Current vsShutdown VoltageDS101310-53Clipping(Dropout)Voltage vsSupply VoltageDS101310-52LM4890Typical Performance Characteristics(Continued)Open Loop Frequency ResponseDS101310-55Frequency Response vs Input Capacitor SizeDS101310-54Power Derating Curves DS101310-69Noise FloorDS101310-56L M 4890Application InformationBRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATIONAs shown in Figure1,the LM4890has two operational am-plifiers internally,allowing for a few different amplifier con-figurations.The first amplifier’s gain is externally config-urable,while the second amplifier is internally fixed in a unity-gain,inverting configuration.The closed-loop gain of the first amplifier is set by selecting the ratio of R f to R i while the second amplifier’s gain is fixed by the two internal10kΩresistors.Figure1shows that the output of amplifier one serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both am-plifiers producing signals identical in magnitude,but out of phase by180˚.Consequently,the differential gain for the IC isA VD=2*(R f/R i)By driving the load differentially through outputs Vo1and Vo2,an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as “bridged mode”is established.Bridged mode operation is different from the classical single-ended amplifier configura-tion where one side of the load is connected to ground.A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over the single-ended configuration,as it provides differential drive to the load,thus doubling output swing for a specified supply voltage.Four times the output power is possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the same condi-tions.This increase in attainable output power assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped.In order to choose an amplifier’s closed-loop gain without causing ex-cessive clipping,please refer to the Audio Power Amplifier Design section.A bridge configuration,such as the one used in LM4890, also creates a second advantage over single-ended amplifi-ers.Since the differential outputs,Vo1and Vo2,are biased at half-supply,no net DC voltage exists across the load.This eliminates the need for an output coupling capacitor which is required in a single supply,single-ended amplifier configura-tion.Without an output coupling capacitor,the half-supply bias across the load would result in both increased internal IC power dissipation and also possible loudspeaker damage. POWER DISSIPATIONPower dissipation is a major concern when designing a suc-cessful amplifier,whether the amplifier is bridged or single-ended.A direct consequence of the increased power deliv-ered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an increase in internal power dissipation.Since the LM4890has two opera-tional amplifiers in one package,the maximum internal power dissipation is4times that of a single-ended amplifier. The maximum power dissipation for a given application can be derived from the power dissipation graphs or from Equa-tion1.P DMAX=4*(V DD)2/(2π2R L)(1)It is critical that the maximum junction temperature T JMAX of 150˚C is not exceeded.T JMAX can be determined from the power derating curves by using P DMAX and the PC board foil area.By adding additional copper foil,the thermal resistance of the application can be reduced from a free air value of 150˚C/W,resulting in higher P DMAX.Additional copper foil can be added to any of the leads connected to the LM4890. It is especially effective when connected to V DD,G ND,and the output pins.Refer to the application information on the LM4890reference design board for an example of good heat sinking.If T JMAX still exceeds150˚C,then additional changes must be made.These changes can include re-duced supply voltage,higher load impedance,or reduced ambient temperature.Internal power dissipation is a functionof output power.Refer to the Typical Performance Charac-teristics curves for power dissipation information for differ-ent output powers and output loading.POWER SUPPLY BYPASSINGAs with any amplifier,proper supply bypassing is critical forlow noise performance and high power supply rejection.The capacitor location on both the bypass and power supply pinsshould be as close to the device as possible.Typical applica-tions employ a5V regulator with10µF tantalum or electro-lytic capacitor and a ceramic bypass capacitor which aid insupply stability.This does not eliminate the need for bypass-ing the supply nodes of the LM4890.The selection of a by-pass capacitor,especially C B,is dependent upon PSRR re-quirements,click and pop performance(as explained in the section,Proper Selection of External Components),sys-tem cost,and size constraints.SHUTDOWN FUNCTIONIn order to reduce power consumption while not in use,theLM4890contains a shutdown pin to externally turn off the amplifier’s bias circuitry.This shutdown feature turns the am-plifier off when a logic low is placed on the shutdown pin.By switching the shutdown pin to ground,the LM4890supplycurrent draw will be minimized in idle mode.While the devicewill be disabled with shutdown pin voltages less than0.5V DC,the idle current may be greater than the typicalvalue of0.1µA.(Idle current is measured with the shutdownpin grounded).In many applications,a microcontroller or microprocessoroutput is used to control the shutdown circuitry to provide a quick,smooth transition into shutdown.Another solution is touse a single-pole,single-throw switch in conjunction with an external pull-up resistor.When the switch is closed,the shut-down pin is connected to ground and disables the amplifier.If the switch is open,then the external pull-up resistor will en-able the LM4890.This scheme guarantees that the shut-down pin will not float thus preventing unwanted state changes.PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTSProper selection of external components in applications us-ing integrated power amplifiers is critical to optimize deviceand system performance.While the LM4890is tolerant of external component combinations,consideration to compo-nent values must be used to maximize overall system qual-ity.The LM4890is unity-gain stable which gives the designer maximum system flexibility.The LM4890should be used inlow gain configurations to minimize THD+N values,and maximize the signal to noise ratio.Low gain configurationsrequire large input signals to obtain a given output power.In-put signals equal to or greater than1Vrms are availablefrom sources such as audio codecs.Please refer to the sec-tion,Audio Power Amplifier Design,for a more complete explanation of proper gain selection.Besides gain,one of the major considerations is the closed-loop bandwidth of the amplifier.To a large extent,the band-width is dictated by the choice of external componentsshown in Figure1.The input coupling capacitor,C i,forms afirst order high pass filter which limits low frequency re-sponse.This value should be chosen based on needed fre-quency response for a few distinct reasons.LM4890Application Information(Continued)Selection Of Input Capacitor SizeLarge input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable designs.Clearly,a certain sized capacitor is needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenua-tion.But in many cases the speakers used in portable sys-tems,whether internal or external,have little ability to repro-duce signals below 100Hz to 150Hz.Thus,using a large input capacitor may not increase actual system perfor-mance.In addition to system cost and size,click and pop perfor-mance is effected by the size of the input coupling capacitor,C i.A larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2V DD ).This charge comes from the output via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable.Thus,by minimizing the ca-pacitor size based on necessary low frequency response,turn-on pops can be minimized.Besides minimizing the input capacitor size,careful consid-eration should be paid to the bypass capacitor value.Bypass capacitor,C B ,is the most critical component to minimize turn-on pops since it determines how fast the LM4890turns on.The slower the LM4890’s outputs ramp to their quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2V DD ),the smaller the turn-on pop.Choosing C B equal to 1.0µF along with a small value of C i (in the range of 0.1µF to 0.39µF),should produce a virtually clickless and popless shutdown function.While the device will function properly,(no oscillations or motorboating),with C B equal to 0.1µF,the device will be much more susceptible to turn-on clicks and pops.Thus,a value of C B equal to 1.0µF is recommended in all but the most cost sensitive de-signs.AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN A 1W/8ΩAUDIO AMPLIFIER Given:Power Output 1WrmsLoad Impedance 8ΩInput Level 1Vrms Input Impedance20k ΩBandwidth 100Hz–20kHz ±0.25dB A designer must first determine the minimum supply rail to obtain the specified output power.By extrapolating from the Output Power vs Supply Voltage graphs in the Typical Per-formance Characteristics section,the supply rail can be easily found.A second way to determine the minimum sup-ply rail is to calculate the required V opeak using Equation 2and add the output ing this method,the minimum supply voltage would be (V opeak +(V OD TOP +V OD BOT )),where V OD BOT and V OD TOP are extrapolated from the Dropout Volt-age vs Supply Voltage curve in the Typical Performance Characteristics section.(2)5V is a standard voltage in most applications,it is chosen for the supply rail.Extra supply voltage creates headroom that allows the LM4890to reproduce peaks in excess of 1W with-out producing audible distortion.At this time,the designer must make sure that the power supply choice along with the output impedance does not violate the conditions explained in the Power Dissipation section.Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed,the required differential gain can be determined from Equa-tion 3.(3)R f /R i =A VD /2From Equation 3,the minimum A VD is 2.83;use A VD =3.Since the desired input impedance was 20k Ω,and with a A VD impedance of 2,a ratio of 1.5:1of R f to R i results in an allocation of R i =20k Ωand R f =30k Ω.The final design step is to address the bandwidth requirements which must be stated as a pair of −3dB frequency points.Five times away from a −3dB point is 0.17dB down from passband response which is better than the required ±0.25dB specified.f L =100Hz/5=20Hz f H =20kHz *5=100kHzAs stated in the External Components section,R i in con-junction with C i create a highpass filter.C i ≥1/(2π*20k Ω*20Hz)=0.397µF;use 0.39µFThe high frequency pole is determined by the product of the desired frequency pole,f H ,and the differential gain,A VD .With a A VD =3and f H =100kHz,the resulting GBWP =150kHz which is much smaller than the LM4890GBWP of 4MHz.This figure displays that if a designer has a need to design an amplifier with a higher differential gain,the LM4890can still be used without running into bandwidth limi-tations.L M 4890Application Information(Continued) HIGHER GAIN AUDIO AMPLIFIERThe LM4890is unity-gain stable and requires no external components besides gain-setting resistors,an input coupling capacitor,and proper supply bypassing in the typical appli-cation.However,if a closed-loop differential gain of greater than10is required,a feedback capacitor(C4)may be needed as shown in Figure2to bandwidth limit the amplifier. This feedback capacitor creates a low pass filter that elimi-nates possible high frequency oscillations.Care should be taken when calculating the-3dB frequency in that an incor-rect combination of R3and C4will cause rolloff before 20kHz.A typical combination of feedback resistor and ca-pacitor that will not produce audio band high frequency rolloff is R3=20kΩand C4=25pf.These components result in a -3dB point of approximately320kHz.It is not recommended that the feedback resistor and capacitor be used to imple-ment a band limiting filter below100kHZ.DS101310-24Figure2LM4890Application Information(Continued)DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERCONFIGURATIONFORLM4890DS101310-29Figure 3L M 4890Application Information(Continued)REFERENCE DESIGN BOARD and LAYOUT-micro SMDDS101310-25Figure4LM4890Application Information(Continued)LM4890micro SMD BOARD ARTWORKSilk ScreenDS101310-57Top LayerDS101310-58Bottom LayerDS101310-59Inner Layer V DDDS101310-60Inner Layer GroundDS101310-61L M 4890Application Information(Continued)REFERENCE DESIGN BOARD and PCB LAYOUT GUIDE-LINES-MSOP&SO BoardsDS101310-68Figure5LM4890Application Information(Continued)LM4890SO DEMO BOARD ARTWORKSilk ScreenDS101310-62Top LayerDS101310-63Bottom LayerDS101310-64LM4890MSOP DEMO BOARD ARTWORKSilk ScreenDS101310-65Top LayerDS101310-66Bottom LayerDS101310-67L M 4890Application Information(Continued)Mono LM4890Reference Design BoardsBill of Material for all3Demo BoardsItem Part Number Part Description Qty Ref Designator 1551011208-001LM4890Mono Reference Design Board110482911183-001LM4890Audio AMP1U120151911207-001Tant Cap1uF16V101C121151911207-002Cer Cap0.39uF50V Z5U201C225152911207-001Tant Cap1uF16V101C330472911207-001Res20K Ohm1/10W53R1,R2,R3 35210007039-002Jumper Header Vertical Mount2X10.1002J1,J2PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINESThis section provides practical guidelines for mixed signal PCB layout that involves various digital/analog power and ground traces.Designers should note that these are only ″rule-of-thumb″recommendations and the actual results will depend heavily on the final layout.General Mixed Signal Layout RecommendationPower and Ground CircuitsFor2layer mixed signal design,it is important to isolate the digital power and ground trace paths from the analog power and ground trace paths.Star trace routing techniques(bring-ing individual traces back to a central point rather than daisy chaining traces together in a serial manner)can have a ma-jor impact on low level signal performance.Star trace routing refers to using individual traces to feed power and ground to each circuit or even device.This technique will take require a greater amount of design time but will not increase the final price of the board.The only extra parts required will be some jumpers.Single-Point Power/Ground ConnectionsThe analog power traces should be connected to the digitaltraces through a single point(link).A″Pi-filter″can be helpfulin minimizing High Frequency noise coupling between theanalog and digital sections.It is further recommended to putdigital and analog power traces over the corresponding digi-tal and analog ground traces to minimize noise coupling.Placement of Digital and Analog ComponentsAll digital components and high-speed digital signals tracesshould be located as far away as possible from analog com-ponents and circuit traces.Avoiding Typical Design/Layout ProblemsAvoid ground loops or running digital and analog traces par-allel to each other(side-by-side)on the same PCB layer.When traces must cross over each other do it at90degrees. Running digital and analog traces at90degrees to eachother from the top to the bottom side as much as possible will minimize capacitive noise coupling and cross talk.LM4890Physical Dimensionsinches (millimeters)unless otherwise notedNote:Unless otherwise specified.1.Epoxy coating.2.63Sn/37Pb eutectic bump.3.Recommend non-solder mask defined landing pad.4.Pin 1is established by lower left corner with respect to text orientation pins are numbered counterclockwise.5.Reference JEDEC registration MO-211,variation BC.8-Bump micro SMDOrder Number LM4890IBP ,LM4890IBPXNS Package Number BPA08FFB X 1=1.412X 2=1.412X 3=0.850L M 4890Physical Dimensions inches(millimeters)unless otherwise noted(Continued)MSOPOrder Number LM4890MMNS Package Number MUA08A LM4890Physical Dimensionsinches (millimeters)unless otherwise noted (Continued)LIFE SUPPORT POLICYNATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION.As used herein:1.Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which,(a)are intended for surgical implant into the body,or (b)support or sustain life,and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling,can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user.2.A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system,or to affect its safety or effectiveness.National Semiconductor Corporation AmericasTel:1-800-272-9959Fax:1-800-737-7018Email:support@National Semiconductor EuropeFax:+49(0)180-5308586Email:europe.support@Deutsch Tel:+49(0)6995086208English Tel:+44(0)8702402171Français Tel:+33(0)141918790National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel:65-2544466Fax:65-2504466Email:ap.support@National Semiconductor Japan Ltd.Tel:81-3-5639-7560Email:nsj.crc@ Fax:81-3-5639-7507SOOrder Number LM4890M NS Package Number M08AL M 48901W a t t A u d i o P o w e r A m p l i f i e r。
EVOX J SYSTEM8EVOX J88 x 2” Ultra compact Adjustable pole mountX8 EVOX J MIX8Innovative processingThe ultra-compact full-range 2” RCF driversare capable of handling high SPL and powerwith a stunning sound performance. The highexcursion 12” RCF woofer extends to the lowestfrequencies offering quick and precise punch.The bass-reflex port design avoids air turbulencereducing distortions. The EVOX design featuresconstant directivity coverage of 120°x30°(HxV),providing a perfect coverage pattern. The verticalarray is progressively shaped to guaranteeconsistent sound coverage from the first row tothe last.I ntegrated amplifier DSP manages full loudspeaker processing, FiRPHASE filters, crossover and EQ, soft limiter, and dynamic bass boost. Class-D power amplifier technology packs huge performance, operating with high efficiency into a lightweight solution. The robust mechanical aluminium structure of the amplifier strengthens the unit during transportation and provides fanless heat dissipation.original input signal with absolute clarity.The FiRPHASE algorithm optimises dynamics, amplitude and phase patterns, while at the same time ensuring minimum system latencyfor improved sound performance.A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON LINEARITYAmazing precision on the whole frequencyrange, an incredible woofer’s power““EVOX J8-W EVOX JMIX8-WELECTRONICSSUPERIOR TRANSDUCERSThe mixer section features a high quality professional preamplifier with remote digital gain control, selectable high pass filter, pan control and polarity reversal switch. Phantom power for condenser/electret microphones (+48V) available for channel 1 and 2. Each input channel is provided with a three band EQ: ±12dB gain shelving equaliser for lows and highs and a semiparametric EQ from 50Hz to 12kHz and ±12dB gain for the mid band. The EQ can be switched OFF with the touch of a button. Each channel can send audio to the FX chain and to the AUXiliary output for monitoring or other creative uses.INPUTS / OUTPUTS Pole Socket Carrying and mounting your audio system has never been so quick!JMIX IT!EVOMIX ONBOARDAll the available functions on the EVOXJMI X8 system integrated mixer can bemanaged from the operating panel. Theselect buttons: I NPUT, OUTPUT, HOME,SYSTEM, MFX, FX give access to all theparameter pages on the LCD display.DYNAMIC COMPRESSORMIC/LINE inputs 1 to 4 are provided with a single control dynamic compressor. The control slider acts on the amount of compressor intervention. A dedicated button toggles the compressor ON and OFF. Up to 6 different presets can be selected from the Compressor Model list: LIGHT, HEAVY , VOCAL, BASS, ACOUSTIC, and DRUM.MAIN CHANNELA 7-band graphic EQ on the Main Channel lets you shape the frequency response of the system. In order to have a powerful overall sound, limiting peaks and more harmonics, four mastering processing presets can be selected: MASTERING, MASTER BOOST , LOUD & PROUD, and HI-FI.TONS OF EFFECTS 80 High Quality effects presets from the premium Z.CORE.DSP , each with three parameter controls: 40 different reverbs, providing a realistic simulation of large spaces, such as halls, rooms or hardware reverbs; 20 different delay types; 20 modulation effects to shape any nuance of your music.GUITAR AMPS AND CABINETS INCLUDED The line input 4 can be switched to a Hi-Z mode and host several realistic amp modeling simulators. Guitar and Bass players can count on a whole range of 15 realistic emulations tuned for the maximum reality: Darkface ’65, Jazz C, Rock’64, Rock 800 Crunch, Rock 900 Lead, Top30, Modern, Bassamp, Bassmate, Markbass 1, Markbass 2, Slo 88 Crunch, Slo 88 Lead, Overange 120, Heavy 51 and others. Shape the sound of each amp via 4 different parameters, store it in the Preset memory and recall via EVOX App, Panel, or Footswitch. A wide range of integrated sound options at your fingertips.MFXA whole range of easy-to-use effects helps the musician to find the right sound in any song:CHORUS, TREMOLO and FLANGER on the modulation effects unit, plus a useful delay for musical instruments. Intuitive and flexible digital mixer ““。
专业英语复习Lesson3Microprocessors (1)Lesson4Operational Amplifiers (2)Lesson8Clock Sources (3)Lesson12Personal Computer Systems (4)Lesson13Overview of Modern Digital Design (5)Lesson16Basic Concepts of DSP (6)Lesson19High Fidelity Audio (8)Lesson22Digital Image Fundamentals (9)Lesson25Choosing the right core (10)Lesson26Design Languages for Embedded Systems (11)Lesson27Choosing a Real-Time Operating System (12)Lesson28Signal Sources (13)Lesson3Microprocessors1.micron是“微米(百万分之一米)”2.data width是指算术逻辑单元ALU的字长3.MIPS Million Instructions Per Second每秒百万条指令4.Reset复位5.tri-state buffer三态缓冲器A tri-state buffer is a device that allows you to control when an output signal makes it to the bus.When the tri-state buffer's control bit is active,the input of the device makes it to the output.When it's not active,the output of the device is Z,which is high-impedance or,equivalently,nothing.There is no electrical signal is allowed to pass to the output.6.PipeliningA technique where the microprocessor fetches the next instruction before completing execution of the previous instruction,in order to increase processing speed.)流水线是一种在前一条指令全部执行完之前就开始取下一条指令,以提高处理速度的技术。
Phono Preamplifier ArtcessoriesUser's ManualIMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTION – READ FIRSTThis symbol, whenever it appears, alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage inside enclosure-voltage that may be sufficient to constitute risk of shock. This symbol, whenever it appears, alerts you to important operating and maintenance instructions in the accompanying literature. Please read the manual.Read Instructions: Retain safety and operating instructions for future reference. Heed all warnings printed here and on the equipment. Follow the operating instructions printed in this user guide.Do not open: There are no user serviceable parts inside. Refer any service work to qualified technical personnel only.Grounding:Only connect the unit to equipment with properly grounded mains power. Do not defeat the grounding and polarization means of the power cord plug of the connected equipment. Do not remove or tamper with the ground connection on the power cord of the connected equipment.Environment:Protect from excessive dirt, dust, heat, and vibration when operating and storing. Avoid tobacco ash, drink spillage and smoke, especially that associated with smoke machines.Handling: Protect the controls from damage during transit. Use adequate padding if you need to ship the unit. To avoid injury to yourself or damage to the equipment, take care when lifting, moving or carrying the unit.Servicing: Refer servicing to qualified technical personnel.Installation: Install the unit in accordance with the instructions printed in the user guide.INTRODUCTION:Thanks for purchasing Applied Research and Technology’s DJPRE II™, a high quality Phono preamp designed for your home and studio. It acts as an interface between your turntable and your audio recording system. The analog input capacitance can be switched between 100pf and 200pf to optimize your phono cartridge response. A switchable low cut filter removes turntable rumble while leaving the audio pristine. The front gain trim control and signal/clip LED allow you to optimize the preamps gain for a wide range of input sources. The built-in low noise Phono preamp circuitry is highly accurate and precisely conforms to the RIAA standard. The Line Output jacks are low impedance and can work with any sound card.Housed in an aluminum anodized case, the DJPRE II can be powered by a wide variety of external supplies. If you need to amplify and EQ your vinyl records to interface with an audio workstation, sound card, or monitor system, the DJ PRE II gives you flawless audio reproduction in a rugged and reliable package. FEATURES:•High accuracy/low noise preamp•Switchable low cut rumble filter•Variable preamp gain•Signal present/clip indicator•Selectable cartridge loading•RCA preamp outputs•Heavy duty extruded chassis •Designed and developed in the USAThe Facts About Turntable Preamps Phonograph Records Have Three Basic Problems 1. It is physically impossible to press them with ridges that allow low frequencies to come out at the same reproduction level as mid and high frequencies. Bass compensation is therefore needed during playback.2. Records produce a certain amount of hiss which is covered up in post-production by boosting the gain of the high frequencies before pressing. Counter-EQing during playback compensates for this.3. Magnetic cartridges produce a weak signal, which must be boosted to match the rest of the amplification, and this too is done during playback. In the mid-1950s, the Recording Industry Association of America established compensation standards. The resulting RIAA preamp has been built into every hi-fi and stereo amplifier with phono or turntable inputs since then. A separate RIAA preamp is necessary when you are connecting a turntable to a mixer that does not have one built in.INSTALLATION and OPERATION:1. Connect the AC adapter to the Power Input on the DJPRE II and plug the other end into an AC power outlet. If you are using the unit with a home stereo, see if your receiver or other component has a "switched" output, which will power the unit on and off with the rest of your system.2. Connect the turntable leads to the Input connectors on the DJPRE II.3. If the turntable has a separate ground wire, attach it to the Ground terminal on the DJPRE II to reduce hum.4. Connect the RCA or outputs to the appropriate inputs on your mixer or stereo receiver (Aux input, or an unused tape input). If the mixer does not have RCA inputs (on any of the channels) a stereo RCA to dual mono 1/4” male cable may be needed to connect to the mixer line inputs.5. Adjust the gain control so the indicator briefly indicates clipping (red) during the loudest portions of the music. If the sound is distorted and the led is red constantly, turn the gain down.6. Select the input capacitance that sounds best to you.7. Use of the low cut filter rolls off deep bass to eliminate turntable rumble and "skipping" in heavy feet traffic areasAPPLICATIONS:Perfect for: Portable recording, home recording, project studios.The DJPREII may be used in a wide variety of applications and environments. Self-contained in an extruded enclosure, the Phono preamp is designed for continuous professional use. Because the unit is compact and lightweight, mounting location is not critical.SPECIFICATIONS:Frequency Response:10Hz –50kHz, +/-.5dB Phono EQ Standard:Conforms to RIAA Curve THD:.01% Typical @ 1kHz Hum and Noise:>90dB below clipping Input Impedance:47k Ohms in parallel witheither 100pF or 200pF Maximum Input Level:40mVrms @1kHz Maximum Gain:45dB @ 1kHzIn / Out Connections:RCAMaximum Output Level:+6dBu (1.4Vrms)Filter Type/Response:Switchable, Low Cut,-3dB @ 22HzPower Requirements:7-12V DC or 9-12V AC@150mADimensions HxWxD (in): 1.85 x 4.6 x 4.5HxWxD (mm): 47 x 117 x 114Weight (lbs/kg): 1.25 / .57WARRANTY INFORMATION:Limited Warranty (USA only)Applied Research and Technology will provide warranty and service for this unit in accordance with the following warrants:Applied Research and Technology, (ART) warrants to the original purchaser that this product and the components thereof will be free from defects in workmanship and materials for a period of three years from the date of purchase. Applied Research and Technology will, without charge, repair or replace, at its option, defective product or component parts upon prepaid delivery to the factory service department or authorized service center, accompanied by proof of purchase date in the form of a valid sales receipt. ExclusionsThis warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or repairs. This warranty is void if the serial number is altered, defaced, or removed.ART reserves the right to make changes in design or make additions to or improvements upon this product without any obligation to install the same on products previously manufactured.ART shall not be liable for any consequential damages, including without limitation damages resulting from loss of use. Some states do not allow limitations of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives youspecific rights and you may have other rights, which vary, from state to state. The warranty terms listed above are only valid within the United States of America. For units purchased outside the United States, an authorized distributor of Applied Research and Technology will provide service. For information on warranty and service policies outside of the U.S., please contact your local distributor.Please fill in the following information for your reference:Date of purchase: _________________________ Purchased from: _________________________SERVICE:The following information is provided in the unlikely event that your unit requires service.1. Be sure that the unit is the cause of the problem.Check to make sure that the unit has power supplied, that all cables are connected correctly,and that the cables themselves are in working condition. You may want to consult with your dealerfor assistance in troubleshooting or testing yourparticular configuration.2. If you believe that the ART unit is at fault, go to. Select "Support", then "Return Authorization Request" to request a returnauthorization number.3. If you are returning the unit for service, pack theunit in its original carton or a reasonable substitute.The original packaging may not be suitable as ashipping carton, so consider putting the packagedunit in another box for shipping. Print the RA number clearly on the outside of the shipping box.Print your return shipping address on the outside ofthe box.4. Include with your unit: a note with the RA numberand your contact information, including a returnshipping address (we cannot ship to a P.O. box)and a daytime phone number, and a description ofthe problem, preferably attached to the top of theunit. Also include a copy of your purchase receipt.E-mail:***********************© 2014 Applied Research & TechnologyDJPRE IIDJP-5004-101V1.1。
利用Pro Tools音频工作站完成5.1声道的音频制作利用Pro Tools音频工作站完成5.1声道的音频制作24对音乐或者音频进行后期制作即可实现。
Pro tools音频工作站的出现大大提高了音频的创作效率。
迄今为止,尚未有另一个系统可以象Pro tools一样提供如此全面,如此强大的编辑工具,这些功能远远超出了基本非线性编辑中对音频进行剪切、复制、粘贴一类的简单功能。
Pro tools软件具有单键编辑的操作功能和各种高效的操作方式,利用它们对制作内容进行组织、操作、查看非常便捷。
每个工具都是按照录混音实际操作的需要精心斟酌设计。
3利用Pro Tools音频工作站完成5.1声道的音频制作的系统流程 Pro Tools音频工作站是目前最先进的工作站之一,那么这样的工作站怎样来完成5.1音频节目的制作?一个优秀的数字音频工作站,应该能为创作人员带来前所未有的便利性和灵活性。
以下,将从前期准备、后期编辑、放声系统的设置与调校三部分对环绕声系统使用流程进行详细说明。
3.1前期准备由于环绕声节目的制作比过去的立体声要复杂得多,所以不能将制作立体声节目的理念沿袭到制作环绕声节目中。
5.1环绕声的拾音一般要求录制信号应具有宽频带、高信噪比、大动态和高量化精度和采样频率等特征。
只有这样,记录下的声音才能更好地对原始信号进行还原再现。
专业声卡一般提供较低的延迟,较容易实现多轨同步录音。
其次,能够同时播放至少8个音频轨。
由于可以进行同步分轨录音,所以计算机音频工作站能够同时录入几个音频轨似乎并不显得十分重要。
但作为计算机音频工作站至少应该可以同时播放8个音频轨,以满足2轨人声、2轨立体声MI DI音乐、l至2轨声学乐器、2至3轨单独电子音色的需要。
3.2后期编辑混缩5.1声道节目在音频工作站Pro Tools系统里可以进行编辑缩混。
在ProTools下,我们能够用耳朵、眼睛、手并用去做混音,使这一过程变的相当容易。
1From the Chairman I would like to thank you personally for selecting the AS50D, AcousticSoloist combo.The Marshall name has been associated with many fine products overthe years and our commitment to quality remains as constant today as itdid right back at the birth of Marshall Amplification back in 1962.In the case of the Acoustic Soloist, much time and research has goneinto making the sound as natural as possible. As all of my designers arealso guitarists, they fully understand the needs of the player and bring their expertise to bear on all our products. You can also rest assured that every Marshall amplifier has been designed and engineered to the highest possible standards, so as a result will stand the test of time andconstant use.I strongly suggest that you read this handbook carefully before usingyour AS50D and then keep it on hand for future reference.I am certain that you will get great enjoyment from your MarshallAcoustic Soloist combo and wish you every success with it.Yours Sincerely,E n g l i s h EnglishIntroduction The AS50D is a compact and portable 50 Watt combo amplifier specially designed for use with acousticinstruments. Between its two channels, this combo has the flexibility to handle instruments with transducers, suchas piezo or magnetic pick-ups (channel 1), or microphone for either vocal or instrument reproduction (channel 2).The built-in Chorus effect is assignable to either or both channels and the Reverb can be controlled and balancedbetween the channels to create just the right ambience. If you want to add further effects, then there is an on-boardparallel effects loop which can be balanced between the channels in the same way as the Reverb.One of the most difficult aspects of amplifying some acoustic instruments is feedback. To help you eliminate this,the AS50D features several ‘anti-feedback’ controls, including a Phase switch and a frequency controllable Notch Filter. The combination of these two elements will give you precise control of the frequencies where feedback islikely to occur and help you to eliminate them.For clear and detailed performance, the AS50D is loaded with two 8" speakers and a high fidelity polymer dome tweeter. There is also an internal limiter which allows you to push the maximum level from the 50 Watt output,whilst remaining distortion free.Neat and compact, flexible and portable, the AS50D is the ideal amplifier for the acoustic player who wants a system as suitable for small gigs as it is at home. Front Panel Features Channel 1 - Acoustic Instrument Channel 1. Input Jack Plug the lead from your guitar in here. The high impedance of this input will help you to get the best from the passive or active piezo or magnetic pick-ups.2. Volume Control Controls the volume level of the Acoustic Channel 1.A good place to start with this control is the half way, or 12 o’clock position, then adjust according to the sensitivity of your pick-up.3. Bass Control Adjusts the amount of bass, or bottom end of the instrument’s tone. Care should be taken when setting this control as adding excessive bass can cause unnatural howling. Again, the half way position is the best place to start.4. Treble Control Adjusts the treble, or top end of your sound.Careful adjustment will make your high notes lively but not too harsh. It is worth noting that set in higher positions, this control will induce a certain amount of noise.Channel 2 - Microphone / Aux Channel 5. Phono Inputs Inputs to take connection from a tape or CD player.6. Microphone Input Balanced XLR type input for connection of a microphone and suitable for vocal or instrument applications. This input supplies phantom power.7. Jack Input Input to take any source, such as a drum machine,keyboard, etc.8. Volume Control Controls the volume level of the Microphone / Aux Channel 2. A good place to start with this control is the half way, or 12 o’clock position, then adjust according to the sensitivity of your pick-up 9. Bass Control Adjusts the amount of bass, or bottom end of your sound. Care should be taken when setting this control as adding excessive bass can cause unnatural howling. Again, the half way position is probably the best place to start.10.Treble Control Adjusts the treble, or top end of your sound.Careful adjustment will make your high notes lively but not too harsh. It is worth noting that set in higher positions, this control will induce a certain amount of noise.Master Section 11. C horus Assign Switches Allows the built in Chorus effect to be selected on either channel individually, or both channels together.12. Chorus Speed Control Controls the speed of change of frequency for the built-in Chorus effect.13. Chorus Depth Control Controls the amount of change of the frequency shift for the built-in Chorus effect.Dr Jim Marshall OBE and daughter Victoria (Managing Director)2E n g l i s h Note:When using the Chorus, higher speedsettings usually sound better with lower depthsettings and vice versa. Experiment to find whichselection suits you best.14. Reverb Balance ControlControls the balance of the Reverb effect and theparallel effects loop between Channel 1 andChannel 2.15. Reverb Level Control Controls the overall level of the Reverb effect.16. Phase Switch Switching the phase can considerably reduce the amount of low frequency acoustic feedback.17. Notch Filter SwitchFurther feedback reduction can be achieved usingthe selectable frequency notch filter. Whenactivated, the filter cuts by 10dB the frequencyselected using the rotary control (item 18).18. Frequency Control If feedback occurs when the Master Volume is set to the desired performance level, select the switch(item 17) and rotate this control until the offendingfrequency is eliminated.19. Master Volume Controls the overall volume output from the amplifier.20. Power Switch This is the On/Off switch for the mains power tothe amplifier. When it is switched ‘On’, the switchwill light. Please ensure the amplifier is switchedoff and unplugged from the mains electricity supply before being moved.Rear Panel Features Technical Specification 1. Mains InputYour amp is provided with a detachable mains(power) lead that is connected here. The specificmains input voltage rating that your amplifier hasbeen built for is clearly marked on the back panel.Before connecting for the first time, please ensurethat your amplifier is compatible with yourelectricity supply. If you have any doubts, pleaseget advice from a qualified person. Your Marshalldealer can help you in this respect.2. Footswitch JackJack socket for connection of the optionalfootswitch (model PEDL-10029) for switching theReverb and Chorus functions on and off.3. Line Out JackJack socket for connection to home recording orother external equipment with jack inputs.4. DI Out XLR type output for connection to PA or similar external equipment.Note:Both the Line Out and DI out carry exactly the same signal at different levels and both are placed before the Master Volume so changing the overall level of the amplifier will not affect the signal from the DI or Line Output.5. Effects Send JackJack socket to connect to the input of an externaleffects processor.6. Effects Return Jack Jack socket to connect to the output of an externaleffects processor.Power Output 50W RMS into 4 ΩMain Guitar - Input Impedance 1M ΩLine Output - Level-10dBV FX Send+4dBV Microphone - Input Impedance 1k ΩWeight16kg Size (mm)542 x 416 x 2611617RLVolume Power 010Level 010Depth 010Speed 010Volume 010Volume Input 010Notch Phase Ch2Ch1Acoustic Channel 1Chorus Reverb / Loop Reverb Anti-Feedback Master Microphone / Aux Channel 2Bass -+Input Treble -+Balance Ch1Ch2Frequency 80Hz 1kHz Bass -+Treble -+Aux Microphone 12345678910111213141518192017123456AS50D Front PanelAS50D Rear Panel INSTRUMENT VOLVOLBASS TREBLEBASS TREBLE B A L A N C E REVERB LEVEL NOTCH PHASE LINE OUTPA D.I.MASTER CROSSOVER DRIVER TWEETERLIMITER -1DEPTHFOOTSWITCH FOOTSWITCH SENDRETURN FREQUENCY CH 2CH 1TAPE INMIC AUX SPEED CHORUS AS50D Block Diagram。
Portable Amplifier Design for a Novel EEG Monitor in Point-of-Care ApplicationsBo Luan1, Mingui Sun1, 2 and Wenyan Jia2Departments of 1Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USAAbstract—The Electroencephalography (EEG) is a common diagnostic tool for neurological diseases and dysfunctions, such as epilepsy and insomnia. However, the current EEG technology cannot be utilized quickly and conveniently at the point of care due to the complex skin preparation procedures required and the inconvenient EEG data acquisition systems. This work presents a portable amplifier design that integrates a set of skin screw electrodes and a wireless data link. The battery-operated amplifier contains an instrumentation amplifier, two non-inverting amplifiers, two high-pass filters, and a low-pass filter. It is able to magnify the EEG signals over 10,000 times and has a high impedance, low noise, small size and low weight. Our electrode and amplifier are ideal for point-of-care applications, especially during transportation of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury or stroke.I.I NTRODUCTION Electroencephalography (EEG) is a common diagnostic tool in clinical practice. It provides a vital window to observe the functional activity within the brain. Recent developments in wireless devices and cellular telecommunication networks have allowed a real-time data connection between EEG devices to remotely located hospitals. However, the current EEG system requires complex procedures to install electrodes on the scalp. These procedures include removing the top layer of the skin (stratum corneum) by abrading, application of electrolyte, and gluing electrodes on the scalp. In addition, most commercial EEG data acquisition systems are large and heavy. These problems prevent the EEG to be applied as a powerful diagnostic and monitoring tool at the point of care, such as at homes of patients, in the battlefield, and during the transportation of patients.II.S KIN S CREW E LECTRODE AND P ORTABLE EEG D EVICE Our new EEG data acquisition system contains a set of skin-screw electrodes and a data port (see Fig. 1). Skin-screw electrodes (represented as fivesmall circles in Fig. 1) areused to acquire bioelectricpotential signals from thescalp. Each electrode has acylindrical shape assembling acup with the bottom up.Microscopic teeth are presentalong the rim of the electrode(edge of the cup). When theelectrode is twisted clockwise,the micro teeth hook on thepainless top layer of the skinthrough hairs, makingelectrical contacts (less than 5kΩ on average) without the need of applying electrolyte. Therefore, this electrode can be securely attached to the scalp in approximately one second as opposed to several minutes in the case of traditional electrodes. Detailed description of the skin screw electrode is provided in [1].The large central circle in Fig. 1 represents the data port which hosts a low-noise amplifier and additional electronic circuitry that performs wireless data communication with a mobile device, such as a smart cell phone. The standard Bluetooth port is utilized to establish this communication. In the following, we describe the design of a portable EEG amplifier which is one of the key components in our EEG system.III.A MPLIFIER D ESIGNFig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the EEG amplifier.A.Instrumentation Amplifier INA118The first amplification of the EEG signal uses INA118 instrumentation amplifier, which offers excellent accuracy.Fig. 1.Structure of EEGdata acquisition system: Itconsists of a set of skinscrew electrodes (smallcircles) and a data port(central large circle).Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the EEG amplifier388978-1-4673-1142-7/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEEThe amplifier has a high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and is able to amplify the small signal difference down to microvolts range. The high CMRR (around 110 dB) is critical because of the relatively high half-cell potential in the skin screw electrode. The amplifier has a 50 µV offset voltage, a 5 nA input bias current of and a 0.5 µV /°C drift voltage [2]. Its low power consumption property is ideal for battery operation. An external resistor RG allows adjustable gain. The gain for this stage is set to be 6. The first stage gain cannot be too large since the input produces a small differential signal between two input terminals. A large gain would drive the amplifier output to near the supply voltage, which may saturate the amplifier.B.High Pass FilterA high pass filter is implemented after the first stage amplification to remove DC offsets, which is important for the skin screw electrodes. We place another identical high pass filter after the second stage amplifier, since the DC components generated during the second stage amplification also needs to be eliminated in order to remove the offset and stabilize the output signal.C.Operational Amplifier TLC277CPThe operation amplifier used for the second-stage amplification is TLC277CP. Non-inverting configuration is utilized to ensure that the output signal has the same polarity as the input EEG signal. A potentiometer is utilized to allow adjustable gain. The second-stage amplifier amplifies the signal in a gain between 5.76 to 101, adjusted according to the EEG signal strength provided by the skin screw electrodes. This stage can have a high gain since it does not generate significant noise after the initial stage amplification.D.Butterworth Low Pass FilterThe third stage is a Butterworth filter [3] utilizing the Sallen–Key topology which allows the filter amplifies the signal while suppresses the high frequency components. The cutoff frequency for the low pass filter is 49.4 Hz which indicates that the filter attenuates frequencies higher than this frequency. Therefore, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) from the electrical power system at 60Hz is suppressed effectively.IV.R ESULTSAfter the implementation of the circuit, we conducted an experiment to demonstrate its performance. One subject was asked to sit in a chair and relax. One skin-screw electrodes were installed in his left frontal region and another one in his left occipital region. The two electrodes were connected to the two inputs of the amplifier and one commercial disc electrode placed on the forehead was used as the ground. The EEG signal was digitized and stored in computer using LABVIEW. During the experiment, the subject was asked to keep eyes open and closed for ten seconds respectively. Two segments of the recorded signals are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. These recordings indicate that our circuit design meets the requirement for detection and amplification of the EEG signal.Fig. 3. Acquired EEG signal when eyes are openFig. 4. Acquired EEG signal when eyes are closedV.D ISCUSSIONA low noise, high impedance portable EEG amplifier for the skin screw electrodes has been designed and implemented. This amplifier provides a gain on the order of 105 and a pass band between 0.1 Hz to 50 Hz, with a common model rejection ratio larger than 110 dB. Although this amplifier works properly, noises and interferences still exist if a certain force impacts on electrodes or the system is placed in a noisy environment. Further improvements include the use of more advanced noise-suppression circuitry and sophisticated signal processing algorithms to filter the acquired EEG signal.A CKNOWLEDGEMENTThis work was supported in part by the Point-of-Care Center for Emerging Neuro Technologies (POC-CENT) at the University of Cincinnati, and National Institutes of Health grant U54 EB007954.R EFERENCES[1] M. Sun, R.J. Sclabassi, W. Liang, and J. Marcanio, “Skin ScrewElectrode”, U.S. Patent 20080262335, available at the following website: /20080262335.pdf.[2] Burr-Brown Application Guide, Precision, Low Power InstrumentationAmplifier Guide, Burr-Brown Inc.[3] Modular EEG Design documentation, the Open EEG project, availableat .-60-40-2020406000.51 1.52Amplitude(µV)Time (s)-60-40-2020406000.51 1.52Amplitude(µV)Time (s)389。