西北师范大学2014年《3031纳米材料学》攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题

2014年山东大学博士研究生入学考试博士试题第一篇：2014年山东大学博士研究生入学考试博士试题2014年山东大学博士研究生入学考试博士试题一、名词解释epicranial aponeurosis椎前筋膜iliotibial tract奇静脉肋膈隐窝二、面侧深区的境界及内容三、胸锁乳突肌区的境界及内容四、上纵隔的层级结构五、腹横筋膜和腹膜外筋膜的延续及临床意义六、盆筋膜壁层和盆筋膜壁层的配布七、肩关节及肩袖的组成八、胸部交感干的形成及节前节后纤维的走向九、上运动神经元和下运动神经元的鉴别十、肾筋膜的延续和临床意义第二篇：复旦大学博士研究生入学考试试题复旦大学——文史哲综合2004年博士研究生入学考试试题04复旦考博入学试题——文史哲综合名词解释（6*5）：魔幻现实主义；类书；玄言诗；“形而上”；词汇学；？填空（10*1’）：[古今中外都有，难度不大，关键是范围广，不易复习，感觉只能靠平时积累] 选择（15*1’）：[感觉与填空差不多，如1969诺贝尔文学奖获得者是哪一位？] 论述（8题选三，3*15’）：1、请对儒家的几个代表人物的思想说说你的看法及其现实意义；2、谈谈人文学科对于科技和经济的导向作用；3、试述“垮掉的一代”创作思潮的特点及其对于中国青年文学的影响；4、乾嘉学派在文献整理方面的成就；5、民族和国家的文化交流对古代文学的影响；复旦大学——文史哲专业2003年博士研究生入学考试试题2003复旦博士入学中文系、古籍所各专业文史哲试卷题目该卷适用于古代文学、文艺理论、比较文学、现当代文学、语言学、中国古典文献学等六个方向。

一、名词解释：（6*5=30分）相对真理文字资治通鉴新感觉派五经元杂剧二、填空（1*15=15分）1、反映论是----的认识论。

2、意识和物质的相互关系体现人的-------。

3、《文赋》和《诗品》作者4、乾嘉学派发生年代5。

同光体发生年代6。

三言是指7。

甲骨文以前的成体系文字是------8。

西北师范大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题博士研究生入学考试英语试题考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校Part L Listening Comprehension ( 25％)Section A: Spot DictationDirections: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will he read only once. As you listen to the passage, fill in the blanks with the words you hear. After the passage, there will be a 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students (1)____the learning of English vocabulary. The results were urprising. I'll (2) ____three of them.firstly, most of the stcrdeaats think that (3) ____every word ill English has just one meaning. This is, of course:, completely (4) ____to the facts. A glance at any English dictionary will show this. The student will (5) ____find seven or eight meanings listed for (6) ____simple' words.Why, then, have these students made such a mistake:' One reason irnay be that they're .ill (7) ____. students. Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning, and one meaning only. Another reason., of course,could be the way in Which these Student, Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English. (M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-, on the other sloe, a single \ti'ord in the (Q) native language.'l°he second attitude that (10) ____from the findings isequally mistaken. (11) ____all the students think that every word in English has an exact (12)____equivalent. Again, this is far from the trijth. Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a (13) ____in the student's native languial c. "there are other (l4) ____ill translation which we won't mention here. (:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation (15) ____is completely false. Translation machines, which tried to work on this (16) ____failed completely.The third result'of the investigation showed another (17) ____in the students' thinking. They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word, they're in a (18) ____to use it correctly. This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly (19) ____for English. The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means. Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.What, then, is the best way to increase one's vocabulary? This can be answered in threewords-observation, (20) ____and repetition.Section B: Multiple ChoiceDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.21. A) It had no efFect on living cells. 13) It had effects on living cells. C) It had effects only on children.I)) It had effects only on adults.22. A) An increasing number of cancers in children.I3) A link between an electric current and the energy fold.C) A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.1)) A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.23. A) 446. 13) 464. C ) 223. 1))234.24. A) Because he doesn't have enough evidence.R) Because other scientists have not studied his results yet.C.) Because he discovered nodirect link between disease and electricity.D) Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet beenproved.25. A) Health and environment.B) Electric current and the energy field. C) Electricity and cancer.D) Electrical workers and cancer.Section C: Question and AnswerDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard. Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.26. Why aren't most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?27. Why do many small town doctors work long hours? 28. What is the growing problem in theUnited States? 29. How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in 1979?30. Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€5,000 dollar to?Part 11[. Vocabulary (20%),Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31. To qualify for such a position, the native would first have to receive specialized training, and thisis____A) refused B) discouragedC) denied D) forbidden32. The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her____A) whirl B) shiftC) shiver D) shake33. Presently, there are nine teachers in my team, who have____the task of teaching advanced English tomore than 500 non-English majors.A) inclined B) hesitatedC) afforded D) undertaken34. The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.A) betray B) concealC) disclose D) renew35. Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a m with a strong____A) philosophy B) idealismC) morality D) personality36. One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A) approach B) solutionC) manner D) road37. To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.A) custom B) confidenceC) security D) simplicity38. All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.A) glimmering B)glitteringC) flaming D) blazing39. One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.A) destroyed B) collapsedC) corroded D) ruined40. "Me, afraid of him?" he said with a(n) ____smile, "Not me!"A) contemptible B) amusingC) contagious D) contemptuous41. He will simply no listen to anybody; he is____to argument.A) impervious B) imperceptibleC) impassable D) blunt42. Stop asking all these personal questions! It is bad manners to beA) inquisitive B) impatientC) acquisitive D) informative43. He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A) hovered B) lurchedC) wavered D) fluctuated44. We are prepared to satisfy all your____claimA} legitimate B) legibleC) intimate D) legislative45. There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word ' stile'.A) equivalent B) copyC) counterpart D) meaning46. The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.A) distributed B) attributedC) granted D) contributed47. During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.A) sustained B) maintainedC) retained D) entertained48. On leaving, we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.A) extended B) expandedC) expended D) awarded49. If the dispute is not settled in a(n) ____ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war.A) amiable B) amicableC) inimical D) unfriendly50, If I may be so____as to advise you, my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A) generous B) humbleC) proud D) bold51. If you take a(n) ____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A) intensive B) extensiveC) expansive D) retentive52. After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday. 10,A) entailed B) deservedC) entitled D) satisfied53. Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A) emigrate B) leaveC) abandon D) immigrate54, lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered Mount Everest.A) mission B) invasionC) experiment D) expedition55. It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.A) submit B) breakC) say D) proclaim56. He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A) discerned B) distinguishedC) discriminated D) extinguished57. She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A) inclined B) declinedC) denied D) disinclined58. He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..A) accused B) prosecutedC) charged D) arrested59. What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.A) prevalent B) relevantC) consistent D) coincident60. Molly has always beep a(n) ____child; she becomes ill easily.A) delicate B) gloomyC) energetic D) confident61. There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.A) designed B) drawnC) marked D) stained62. The man who never tries anything new is a(n) ____on the wheels of progress.A) obstacle B) brakeC) break D) block63. There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.A) decreases B) subtractionsC) reductions D) accounts64. Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy, his painwill often disappear.A) assumed B) assuredC) informed D) proved65: Although most birds have only a____sense of smell, they have acute vision.A} genuine.B) negativeC) negligible D) condensed66. We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B) committedC)consigned D) assigned67. If you never review your lessons, you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.A) complain B) blameC) mistake D) fault68. We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go,so the game looked completely____A) irresistible B) irremissibleC} irreplaceable D) irretrievable69. Had the explosion broken out, the passagers in the plane should have been killed, for it was____timedwith the plane's take-off.A) spontaneously B) instantaneouslyC} simultaneously D) conscientiously70. The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.A) encounter B) highlightC} testify D) identifyPart III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate witheach other. He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like theword `More?'The astonished astronomer went -to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.`Oh, yes: That's one of the words he knows,' the director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€ sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster ,and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a `language' in the real sense of the word? Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words.A language has a structure, or what we call a grammar. The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning. For example, the two questions `Who loves Mary?' and `Who does Mary love?' mean different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question `Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71. The dolphin leapt into the air becauseA) Sagan had turned his backB) it was part of the game they were playingC) he wanted Sagan to scratch him againD) Sagan wanted him to do this72. When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin haddone, the directorA) didn't seem to think it was unusualB) thought Sagan was jokingC) told Sagan about other words the dolphin knewD) asked him if he knew other words73. Dolphins' brains are particularly well-developed toA) help them to travel fast in waterB) arrange sounds in different structuresC) respond to different kinds of soundD) communicate with humans through sound74. The sounds we call words can be called a language only ifA) each sound has a different meaningB) each sound is different from the otherC) there is a system of writingD) they have a structure or grammar（2）Married people live "happily ever after" in fairy tales, but they do so less and less often in real life. 1, like many of my friends, got married, divorced, and remarried. I suppose, to some people, I'm a failure. After all, I broke my first solemn promise to "love and cherish until death us do part." But I feel that I'm finally a success. I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage. This time around, the ways my husband and I share our free time, make decisions, and deal with problems are very different.I learned, first of all, not to be a clinging vine (依赖男子的妇女) . In my first marriage, I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted. If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game, I felt rejected and talked him into staying home. I wouldn't accept an offer to go to a movie or join anexercise class it' it meant that Ray would be home alone. I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together. In contrast, my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own. I have started playing racquetball at a health club, and Davidsometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends. When we are together, we aren't bored with each other; our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when it's time to make decisions. When Ray and I were married, I left all the important decisions to him. He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it, and where to take a vacation. I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldn't have to take the responsibility when things went wrong. I could always end an argument by saying, "It was your fault!" With my second marriage, I am trying to be a full partner. We ask each other's opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree. If we make the wrong choice, we're equally guilty. When we rented an apartment, for example, we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the "no pets" clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing I've learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems. David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults. If we're mad at each other or worried and upset, we say how we feel. Rather than hide behind our own misery, we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it. Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis, but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times.I would lock myself in the spare bedroom. Ray would stalk out ofthe house, slam the door, and race off in the car. Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish that my first marriage hadn't been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn.1 feel better now about being an independent person, about making decisions, and about facing problems. My second marriage isn't perfect, but it doesn't have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart.75. Which of the following has contributed to the writer's divorce?A) Her former husband went out to watch football games.B) She started to play racquetball at a health club.C) They spent too much time together and got bored with each other.D) They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other.76. It can be learned from the passage that the writer, in her first marriage,A) took less responsibility than she should for major decisionB) tool: the same responsibility as her husbandC) took more blame when things went wrongD) felt equally guilty when things went wrong77. Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not.A) "It was your fault!"B) "Maybe you're right."C) "It's none of your business."D) "It's none of my business."78. All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved becauseA) they hide their feelingsB) they lock themselves in their bedroomC) they have promised not to be mad at each otherD) they dare to face them79, The writer's second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways except A) that they share their free timeB) that they make their decisions togetherC) that they talk to each otherD) that they deal with their troubles together80. The best title for the passage isA) First MarriageB) Second MarriageC) DivorceD) Perfect Marriage（3）Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate," "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than that for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who, is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertiser may, on this account, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to apage of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of realestate advertising.81. Classified advertising is different to display advertising becauseA) all advertisements of a certain type are grouped togetherB) it is more distinguishedC) it is more expensiveD) nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size82. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement isA) house for saleB) people who are asking for helpC) people who are lostD) real antiques for sale83. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements, according to thewriter?A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B) They are looking for something they need.C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.84. What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?A) They used to be voluntary.B) They used to use display type.C) They were all the same size.D) They were more formal.85. Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance, according to the writer?A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C）Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers. .（4）Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard. He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys. If he caught any of them in any petty thieving, he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters. Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews, moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.The science master, a man called Vernier, stepped in and stood on his small platform. Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them, then retired behind the "ChurchTimes" which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches, advising boys. It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.During the class, Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about, having retired to the lavatory for a smoke. As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight, minor pandemonium ('N k) broke out. Some of the boys raided the store. The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles, and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films. The poorer boys, with a more determined aim, took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market. They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets. Soda for making soap, magnesium sulphate for opening medicine, salt for cooking, liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing, and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores. Kojo objected mildly to all this. "Oh, shut up!" a few boys said. Sorie, a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors, commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called "gin and fizz"----from a beaker. "Look here, Kojo, you are getting out of hand. What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for? For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson? " The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster, feared by the small boys, adored by the boys in the middle school, and liked, in a critical fashion, with reservations, by some of the senior boys and African masters. He had a passion for new motor-cars, buying one yearly."Come to think of it," Sorie continued to Kojo, "you must takesomething yourself, then we'll know we are safe," "Yes, you must," the other boys insisted. Kojo gave in and, unwillingly, took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home. "Someone!" the look-out called.The boys ran back to their seats in a moment. Sorie washed out his mouth, at the sink with some water.Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of thewhole class. He looked round fiercely and suspiciously, and then sniffed the air. It was a physicsexperiment, but the place smelled chemical. However, Vemier came in then. After asking if anyonewas in difficulties, and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything, he retired to hischair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.86, The boys were afraid of Mr Abu becauseA) he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of disciplineB) he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thievingC) he was cruelD) he believed in strict discipline87. When the boys were caught petty thieving, they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu becauseA) he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachersB) they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachersC) they were afraid of their science mastersD) his punishment was quicker than their teachers'88. Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder becauseA) they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things, like tradersB) they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicineC) they wanted money and could sell such things quicklyD) they needed things like soap and medicine for sores89. A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was thatA) Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholicdrink.B) Sorie was rich but Kojo was poorC) Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did notD) when Kojo objected. Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable90. On entering the laboratory, Mr Abu was immediately suspicious becauseA) the whole class was looking so innocentB) he was a suspicious man by natureC) there was no teacher in the roomD) he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson ,（5）Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase. As usual, she had brought some work home from the travel agency. She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then, after spending a few hours working, she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music:.She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door. `Uli, no! Who on earth could that be?'she muttered to herself. She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was. A man of about sixty was standing there. It took her a moment before she realized who he was. He lived in the flat below. They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice, and had nodded to each other but never really spoken.`Uh, sorry to bother you, but ...uh...there's something I'd like to talk to you about,' he mumbled. He had a long, thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit. Alison hesitated, but then, opening the door wide, asked him to come in. It was then that she noticed the dog. She hated dogs----particularly big ones. This one was a very old, very fat bulldog. The man had already bone into her small living-room and, without being asked, he sat down on the sofa. The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him, breathing heavily. She stared at it. It stared back.The man coughed. `Uh, do you mind if I smoke?' he asked. Before she could ask him not to, he had taken out a cigarette and lit it.`I'll tell you why I've come. I ...I hope you won't be offended but, well ...,' he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red. His whole body began to shake. Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him. Still coughing, he took out a grey, dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it. Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply. As he did so, some ash fell on the carpet.The man looked around the room. He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say. Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point. She waited.'Nice place you've got here,' he said at last.。

项目简介及完成人对项目主要贡献汇总材料一、c-c偶联反应的合成项目简介及完成人对项目主要贡献汇总材料一、C-C 偶联反应的合成方法学及其在杂环衍生化中的应用研究1、项目简介本项目针对国际药物合成中所涉及的有机合成方法学问题，围绕C-C键、C-杂原子键的构筑等有机合成方法学开展了系统、深入的研究，取得了突出的成绩。

用简单易得的原料为C-O, C-N，C-S，C-C键的构建提供了新合成方法。

主要研究内容、科学发现点包括:1. 首次实现了过渡金属催化3，4-二氢嘧啶硫酮与炔烃及羧酸亚铜盐的脱硫偶联/酰化/水合串联反应一步实现了C-C和C-N键的有效构建。

发展了Pd催化下磺酸嘧啶酯与苯硼酸、端炔、苯酚及苯胺的C-C、C-O及C-N交叉偶联反应。

2. 发现并扩展了三对溴苯胺自由基正离子六氯锑酸盐(TBPA+.)引发的甘氨酸类衍生物的sp3C-H键的催化氧化反应，以及甘氨酸类化合物与苯乙烯类衍生物的氧化-[4+2]环加成串联反应。

3. 首次实现了酰胺、多聚甲醛与苯乙烯等的三组分反应构建烯丙基胺骨架结构，为烯丙基胺结构的构筑提供了有益的合成方法。

4. 开展了廉价金属盐CuSO4-5H2O/NaAsc催化的Ullmann型C-N偶联反应。

5. 实现了生物质催化转化制备高附加值有机化学品的有效方法。

本项目自2009年1月至2013年7月共发表论文52篇，其中SCI化学二区论文8篇(其中包括Org. Lett. 2篇，Adv. Synth. Catal. 4篇，J. Org. Chem. 2篇)，SCI三区论文(包括Org. Biomol. Chem.; Tetrahedron; Tetrahedron Lett.; Eur. J.Org. Chem.; Synlett等)17篇;获得厅局级二、三等奖各1项;授权中国发明专利1项，申请3项。

其中5篇代表性论文Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 4030–4033;1Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 732-735;Adv. Synth. Catal. 2013, 355, 891-900;Adv. Synth. Catal. 2013, 355, 1911–1916;Adv. Synt. Catal. 2012, 354, 2939-2948论文被Chem. Rev., Chem. Soc. Rev., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,等国际重要刊物他人正面引用54次，平均每篇5.4次，单篇最高他引27次。

北 京 科 技 大 学2011年博士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号： 试题名称：综合化学 （共 页）适用专业：材料合成化学080521 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================（第一部分，无机化学试题, 共50分）一、单项选择题 ( 每小题1分，共20小题 20分 )1. 下列配离子属于反磁性的是……………………………………………………………（ ）(A) [Mn(CN)6]4- (B) [Cu(en)2]2+ (C) [Fe(CN)6]3- (D) [Co(CN)6]3-2. 下列反应方程式中，正确的是…………………………………………………………（ ）(A) 5NaBiO 3 + 14HCl + 2MnCl 2 = 2NaMnO 4 + 5BiCl 3+ 3NaCl + 7H 2O(B) Sb 2O 5+ 10HCl = 2SbCl 3+ 5H 2O + 2Cl 2(C) 2Na 3AsO 3 + 3H 2S = As 2S 3↓ + 6NaOH(D) Bi(OH)3 + Cl 2+ 3NaOH = NaBiO 3 + 2NaCl + 3H 2O3. 溶解金的试剂是……………………………………………………………………… （ ）(A) 硝酸 (B) 硫酸 (C) KCN 溶液 (D) 硝酸和磷酸的混合酸4. 气体反应 CO + H 2O =CO 2 + H 2，此反应的Δr G m 和r m G ∆与体系总压的关系是…（ ）(A) Δr G m 与r m G ∆均与体系总压无关 (B) Δr G m 与r m G ∆均与体系总压有关(C) Δr G m 与体系总压有关，r m G ∆与总压无关 (D) Δr G m 与体系总压无关，r m G ∆与总压有关5. 由于La系收缩，导致下列元素中性质相似的一组是………………………………（）(A) Ti和V (B) Hg和Pb (C) Nb和Ta (D) Mn和Re6. 下列氢氧化物中，溶解度最小的是…………………………………………………（）(A) Ca(OH)2(B) La(OH)3(C) Tb(OH)3(D) Ce(OH)47. [CrCl2(NH3)4]+具有几何异构体的数目是……………………………………………（）(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 68. 关于五氯化磷(PCl5)，下列说法中不正确的是……………………………………（）(A) 它由氯与PCl3反应制得(B) 它容易水解生成磷酸(H3PO4)(C) 它在气态时很稳定(D) 它的固体状态是结构式为[PCl4+][PCl6-]的晶体9. 下列各含氧酸中，三元酸是…………………………………………………………（）(A) H3PO4(B) H3PO2(C) H3PO3(D) H3BO310. 将K2MnO4溶液调节到酸性时，可以观察到的现象是……………………………（）(A)紫红色褪去(B)绿色加深(C)有棕色沉淀生成(D)溶液变成紫红色且有棕色沉淀生成11. 根据价层电子的排布，预料下列化合物中为无色的是……………………………（）(A) TiCl3(B) ScF3(C) MnF3(D) CrF312. 在由Cu2+/Cu和Ag+/Ag组成的原电池的正负极中，加入一定量的氨水，达平衡后[NH3·H2O] = 1mol·dm-3，则电池的电动势比未加氨水前将……………………………………………………（）(Cu(NH3)+24的K稳= ⨯ 1013，Ag(NH3)+2的K稳= ⨯ 107)(A)变大(B)变小 (C) 不变(D) 无法判断13. 下列物质的氧化性与惰性电子对效应无关的是…………………………………（）(A) Pb(IV) (B) Bi(V) (C) Cr(VI) (D) Tl(III)14. 下列各混合溶液中，具有缓冲作用的是…………………………………………（）(A) HCl (1 mol·dm-3) + NaAc (2 mol·dm-3)(B) NaOH (1 mol·dm-3) + NH3 (1 mol·dm-3)(C) HCl (1 mol·dm-3) + NaCl (1 mol·dm-3)(D) NaOH (1 mol·dm-3) + NaCl (1 mol·dm-3)Hg中汞原子之间的化学键为……………………………………………………（）15. +22(A) 离子键(B) σ键(C) π键(D) 配位键16. 下列各组元素中，性质最相似的两种元素是……………………………………（）(A) Mg和Al (B) Zr和Hf (C) Ag和Au (D) Fe和Co17. 下列离子中氧化性最强的是………………………………………………………（）(A) CoF-36(B) Co(NH3)+33(C) Co(CN)-36(D) Co3+18. 下列配制溶液的方法正确的是…………………………………………………… （ ）(A) 在溶解Na 2S 2O 3的水中加入少量Na 2CO 3溶液(B) 为抑制Na 2S 2O 3水解，在Na 2S 2O 3溶液中加少量稀H 2SO 4(C) 将SnCl 2·2H 2O 用水溶解即得到SnCl 2溶液(D) 用分析天平准确称取NaOH 固体，加水溶解后，用容量瓶稀释到所要求的体积19. 弱场中，八面体和四面体配合物的 CFSE 相等的是……………………………（ ）(A) Fe 2+ (B) Ni 2+ (C) Mn 2+ (D) Cu 2+20. 金属锂、钠、钙的氢化物，氮化物，碳化物( 乙炔化物 )的相似点是…………………（ ）(A) 都可以和水反应，生成气态产物 (B) 都可以和水反应，生成一种碱性溶液(C) 在室温条件下，它们都是液体 (D) (A)和(B)二、填空题 ( 每小题1分，共10题 10分 )1. 将CO 2、NO 2、O 3、SO 2按氧化能力由强到弱排列的顺序为 。

2004年资格考试一、简答题1. 溶化金属为何要有一定的过冷度才能观察到析晶现象？2. 陶瓷烧结后期晶粒长大的动力是什么？3. 为什么纯固体相变总是放热反应？二、滑移、孪生、形变带，这三种缺陷如何从形貌上来判断。

三、应变-硬化、弥散-硬化、晶粒细化，这三种强化机制的异同点。

四、三元相图中，垂直截面的线与二元相图中的线有何区别，能否应用杠杆定律，在什么情况下适用？五、纯金属在凝固、溶解、固-液平衡过程中Gibbs自由能与焓变关系图。

六、某金属熔点为600度，问在590度时，凝固能否自发进行，并求此时的熵变。

（已知凝固热ΔH）七、关于配分函数，已知Cp，证明U和Cv的关系式。

八、Au和Ag的晶格常数为0.408和0.409，问1.在Au基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；2.在Au（111）基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；3.在Au（111）基体上，用外延生长的方法生长Ag的（111）面，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；九、透射电镜衍射，如为单晶，则衍射花样为规则排列的斑点，如为单晶，则衍射花样为环。

如有一一维无限长单原子链，用一束电子垂直照射，会出现什么样的衍射花样。

十、单晶Si上镀一层的SiC薄膜，设计一个试验方案分析SiC薄膜的厚度，成份和结构。

2005年4月资格考试（可能）1.说明|Fs|、|Ls|、I电子的含义及其物理意义。

（10分）2.简述双面法测滑移面指数的原理。

（10分）3.给出8个2seita角，判断晶体结构，计算晶格常数a，写出出现衍射线的面族。

（10分）4.某单晶体，X射线沿[0 -1 0]方向入射，晶体[-1 0 0 ]方向竖直，[0 0 1]方向平行于底片。

（a）（-3 -1 0）面一级反射X光的波长。

（b）底片与晶体相距5cm，求劳厄斑在底片上的位置。

（12分）5.Ag、Fe的混合粉末，固溶度极小。

计算在2seita属于[45，110]范围内衍射线条数。