MSDS酒精95%.

astm a959标准ASTM A959是一种国际标准，涉及钢铁产品、紧固件和废物。

在中国，它涉及到钢铁产品综合、型钢、异型钢、紧固件和环境保护设备。

根据ASTM A959-2019标准制造的锻造不锈钢通常要求具有良好的耐蚀性、高温强度和良好的加工性能。

具体来说，ASTM A959-2019标准可能涉及以下方面的内容：1. 化学成分：标准规定了锻造不锈钢中各元素的允许含量范围，如铬、镍、钼等。

这些元素对于材料的耐腐蚀性和力学性能具有重要影响。

2. 力学性能：标准规定了锻造不锈钢的力学性能，包括抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率等。

这些性能指标对于产品的质量和安全性至关重要。

3. 制造工艺：标准还涉及锻造不锈钢的制造工艺，包括冶炼、铸造、热处理、加工等环节。

这些工艺过程对于产品的质量和性能具有重要影响。

ASTM A959标准是一种针对锻造不锈钢的重要标准，旨在确保产品的质量、安全性和可靠性。

ASTM A959-2019标准在钢铁行业中的重要性不容忽视。

它不仅为钢铁产品的制造、紧固件和废物处理提供了规范和指导，还为确保产品的质量和安全性提供了重要的参考依据。

根据ASTM A959-2019标准制造的锻造不锈钢，其化学成分被严格规定，以确保材料具有良好的耐蚀性、高温强度和良好的加工性能。

例如，标准规定了锻造不锈钢中铬、镍、钼等元素的含量范围，这些元素对材料的耐腐蚀性和力学性能具有重要影响。

通过规定这些元素的含量范围，ASTM A959-2019标准能够确保锻造不锈钢在各种环境下都能表现出良好的性能。

除了化学成分，ASTM A959-2019标准还对锻造不锈钢的力学性能提出了严格的要求。

这包括抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率等指标，这些性能指标对于产品的质量和安全性至关重要。

例如，抗拉强度是衡量材料在拉伸过程中能够承受的最大力，而屈服点则是衡量材料在受力时开始发生塑性变形的临界点。

通过规定这些性能指标，ASTM A959-2019标准能够确保锻造不锈钢在各种应用场景下都能展现出良好的性能。

化学品安全技术说明书第一部分化学品及企业标识化学品中文名称：食用酒精化学品英文名称：Edible alcohol第二部分成分/组成信息化学品分子式：C2H6O分子量:46.07成分含量CAS号乙醇95% 64-17-5第三部分危险性概述危险性类别：第3.2类中闪点易燃液体。

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。

健康危害：本品为中枢神经系统抑制剂。

首先引起兴奋，随后抑制。

急性中毒：急性中毒多发生于口服。

一般可分为兴奋、催眠、麻醉、窒息四阶段。

患者进入第三或第四阶段，出现意识丧失、瞳孔扩大、呼吸不规律、休克、心力循环衰竭及呼吸停止。

慢性影响：在生产中长期接触高浓度本品可引起鼻、眼、粘膜刺激症状，以及头痛、头晕、疲乏、易激动、震颤、恶心等。

长期酗酒可引起多发性神经病、慢性胃炎、脂肪肝、肝硬化、心肌损害及器质性精神病等。

皮肤长期接触可引起干燥、脱屑、皲裂和皮炎。

环境危害：燃爆危险：易燃。

第四部分急救措施皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗。

眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水彻底冲洗。

就医。

吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。

食入：让患者饮用大量水。

催吐。

就医。

第五部分消防措施危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。

遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。

与氧化剂接触发生化学反应或引起燃烧。

在火场中，受热的容器有爆炸危险。

其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。

有害燃烧产物：一氧化碳灭火方法及灭火剂：抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。

灭火注意事项：没有配备化学防护衣和供氧设备请不要待在危险区。

尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。

喷水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。

防止化学品进入地表水和地下水。

第六部分泄露应急处理个人防护：勿吸入气体或浮质，不要直接接触泄漏物。

保持室内通风。

环境保护措施：化学品未经处理不允许向环境排放。

清洁/吸收措施：采用安全的方法将泄漏物收集回收或运至废物处理场所处理，采用惰性物质吸收残留液体，根据化学品性质进一步处置。

Material Safety Data SheetName: Ethyl Alcohol Material Safety Data SheetSynonym: Ethyl alcohol; Ethyl alcohol anhydrous; Ethyl hydrate; Ethyl hydroxide; Fermentation alcohol; Grain alcohol; Methylcarbinol; Molasses alcohol; Spirits of winCAS: 64-17-5Section 1 - Chemical ProductMSDS Name: Ethyl AlcoholSynonym: Ethyl alcohol; Ethyl alcohol anhydrous; Ethyl hydrate; Ethyl hydroxide; Fermentation alcohol; Grain alcohol; Methylcarbinol; Molasses alcohol; Spirits of wineSection 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMA TION ON INGREDIENTSCAS# Chemical Name content EINECS#64-17-5 Ethyl alcohol 95.5 200-578-67732-18-5 Water Balance 231-791-2Text for R-phrases: see Section 16Hazard Symbols: FRisk Phrases: 11Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATIONEMERGENCY OVERVIEWHighly flammable.Potential Health EffectsEye:Causes severe eye irritation. May cause painful sensitization to light. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage.Skin:Causes moderate skin irritation. May cause cyanosis of the extremities.Ingestion:May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause systemic toxicity with acidosis. May cause central nervous system depression, characterized by excitement, followed by headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Advanced stages may cause collapse, unconsciousness, coma and possible death due to respiratory failure.Inhalation:Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause narcotic effects in high concentration. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Chronic:May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Animal studies have reported the development of tumors. Prolonged exposure may cause liver, kidney, and heart damage.Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURESEyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.Skin:Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.Ingestion:Call a poison control center. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Inhalation:Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.Notes to Physician:Treat symptomatically and supportively. Persons with skin or eye disorders or liver, kidney, chronic respiratory diseases, or central and peripheral nervous sytem diseases may be at increased risk from exposure to this substance.Antidote: None reported.Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURESGeneral Information:Containers can build up pressure if exposed to heat and/or fire. As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Vapors may form an explosive mixture with air.Vapors can travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Will burn if involved in a fire. Flammable Liquid. Can release vapors that form explosive mixtures at temperatures above the flashpoint. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. Extinguishing Media:For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Water may be ineffective. Do NOT use straight streams of water.Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESGeneral Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8. Spills/Leaks:Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container. Remove all sources of ignition.Use a spark-proof tool. Provide ventilation. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGEHandling:Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well-ventilated area.Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Keep awayfrom heat, sparks and flame. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.Storage:Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Flammables-area. Do not store near perchlorates, peroxides, chromic acid or nitric acid.Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTIONEngineering Controls:Use explosion-proof ventilation equipment. Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits.Exposure Limits CAS# 64-17-5: United Kingdom, WEL - TWA: 1000 ppm TW A; 1920 mg/m3 TWA United Kingdom, WEL - STEL: 3000 ppm STEL; 5760 mg/m3 STEL United States OSHA: 1000 ppm TWA; 1900 mg/m3 TW A Belgium - TWA: 1000 ppm VLE; 1907 mg/m3 VLE France - VME: 1000 ppm VME; 1900 mg/m3 VME France - VLE: 5000 ppm VLE; 9500 mg/m3 VLE Germany: 500 ppm TWA; 960 mg/m3 TWA Malaysia: 1000 ppm TWA; 1880 mg/m3 TWA Netherlands: 500 ppm MAC; 1000 mg/m3 MAC Russia: 1000 mg/m3 TWA Spain: 1000 ppm VLA-ED; 1910 mg/m3 VLA-ED CAS# 7732-18-5: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.Skin:Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.Clothing:Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.Respirators:A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESPhysical State: LiquidColor: ColorlessOdor: Mild, rather pleasant, like wine or whispH: Not available.Vapor Pressure: 59.3 mm Hg @ 25 deg CViscosity: 1.200 cP @ 25 deg CBoiling Point: 78 deg CFreezing/Melting Point: -114.1 deg CAutoignition Temperature: 363 deg C ( 685.40 deg F)Flash Point: 16.66 deg C ( 61.99 deg F)Explosion Limits, lower: 3.3 vol %Explosion Limits, upper: 19.0 vol %Decomposition Temperature:Solubility in water: Miscible.Specific Gravity/Density: 0.790 @ 20 CMolecular Formula: C2H5OHMolecular Weight: 46.0414Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITYChemical Stability:Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.Conditions to Avoid:Incompatible materials, ignition sources, excess heat, oxidizers.Incompatibilities with Other Materials:Strong oxidizing agents, acids, alkali metals, ammonia, hydrazine, peroxides, sodium, acid anhydrides, calcium hypochlorite, chromyl chloride, nitrosyl perchlorate, bromine pentafluoride, perchloric acid, silver nitrate, mercuric nitrate, potassium-tert-butoxide, magnesium perchlorate, acid chlorides, platinum, uranium hexafluoride, silver oxide, iodine heptafluoride, acetyl bromide, disulfuryl difluoride, tetrachlorosilane + water, acetyl chloride, permanganic acid, ruthenium (VIII) oxide, uranyl perchlorate, potassium dioxide.Hazardous Decomposition Products:Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMA TIONRTECS#:CAS# 64-17-5: KQ6300000 CAS# 7732-18-5: ZC0110000 LD50/LC50:CAS# 64-17-5: Draize test, rabbit, eye: 500 mg Severe; Draize test, rabbit, eye: 500 mg/24H Mild; Draize test, rabbit, skin: 20 mg/24H Moderate; Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 39 gm/m3/4H; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 20000 ppm/10H; Oral, mouse: LD50 = 3450 mg/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 6300 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 7060 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 9000 mg/kg.CAS# 7732-18-5: Oral, rat: LD50 = >90 mL/kg.Carcinogenicity:Ethyl alcohol - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.Water - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.Other:See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMA TIONEcotoxicity:Fish: Rainbow trout: LC50 = 12900-15300 mg/L; 96 Hr; Flow-through @ 24-24.3 CFish: Rainbow trout: LC50 = 11200 mg/L; 24 Hr; Fingerling (Unspecified)Bacteria: Phytobacterium phosphoreum: EC50 = 34900 mg/L; 5-30 min; Microtox testWhen spilled on land it is apt to volatilize, biodegrade, and leach into the ground water, but no data on the rates of these processes could be found. Its fate in ground water is unknown. When released into water it will volatilizeand probably biodegrade. It would not be expected to adsorb to sediment or bioconcentrate in fish.Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERA TIONSProducts which are considered hazardous for supply are classified as Special Waste and the disposal of such chemicals is covered by regulations which may vary according to location. Contact a specialist disposal company or the local waste regulator for advice. Empty containers must be decontaminated before returning for recycling.Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMA TIONIATAShipping Name: ETHANOLHazard Class: 3.2UN Number: 1170Packing Group: IIIMOShipping Name: ETHANOLHazard Class: 3.2UN Number: 1170Packing Group: IIRID/ADRShipping Name: ETHANOLHazard Class: 3UN Number: 1170Packing group: IISection 15 - REGULATORY INFORMA TIONEuropean/International RegulationsEuropean Labeling in Accordance with EC DirectivesHazard Symbols: FRisk Phrases:R 11 Highly flammable.Safety Phrases:S 7 Keep container tightly closed.S 9 Keep container in a well-ventilated place.S 16 Keep away from sources of ignition - Nosmoking.S 33 Take precautionary measures against staticdischarges.WGK (Water Danger/Protection)CAS# 64-17-5: 0CAS# 7732-18-5: No information available.CanadaCAS# 64-17-5 is listed on Canada's DSL List.CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on Canada's DSL List.CAS# 64-17-5 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.CAS# 7732-18-5 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.US FEDERALTSCACAS# 64-17-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory.CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory.SECTION16:OTHER INFORMA TIONThis product has been passed TSCA certificate.The information and recommendations are offered for the user’s ,consideration and examination,and it is the user’s responsibility to satisfy it self that they are suitable and complete for its particular use.If buyer repackages this product,legal counsel should be consulted to insure proper health,safety and other necessary information is included on the container.。

DMR95材料特性·DMR95material characteristics初始磁导率μiInitial permeability 饱和磁通密度Bs (mT)Saturation flux density 剩磁　Br(mT)Residual magnetic flux density 矫顽力 Hc (A/m)Coercive force 3功耗Pv(mW/cm )Power loss 居里温度Tc (℃)Curie temperature10k Hz,B<0.25mT50Hz ,1194A/m100kHz,200mT10kHz,B<0.25mT25℃25℃100℃25℃100℃25℃100℃25℃100℃120℃25℃3300±25%530410855599350310350>2154.9密度d(g/cm )Density3-40408012016020024028010002000300040005000初始磁导率 I n i t i a l P e r m e a b i l i t y (μ)温度 Temperature(℃)初始磁导率 I n i t i a l P e r m e a b i l i t y (μi )频率 Frequency(kHz)101102103104102103104特性SYMBOL测试条件CONDITIONSVALUE典型值31Mn-Zn ferrite seriesHENGDIAN GROUP DMEGC MAGNETICS501001502002503003504002000300040005000600025℃100℃振幅磁导率 A m p l i t u d e P e r m e a b i l i t y μa磁通密度 Flux Density B(mT)110100500100100010000磁场强度 Magnetic Field Strength H(A/m)增量磁导率 I n c r e m e n t a l P e r m e a b i l i t y μ25℃100℃-40-200204060801001201401601001000功率损耗 P o w e r L o s s P v (m W /c m )3温度 Temperature(℃)磁通密度 Magnetic Flux Density B(mT)功率损耗 P o w e r L o s s P v (m W /c m )3204060801001201400100200300400500600BsBr02004006008001000120010020030040050060025℃100℃100℃25℃磁通密度 F l u x D e n s i t y B (m T )磁场强度 Magnetic Field Strength H(A/m)磁通密度 B s /B r (m T )F l u x D e n s i t y 温度 Temperature(℃) 300kHz,100mT 100kHz,200mT 500kHz,50mT300kHz,50mT10110210310010110210310425℃100℃Mn-Zn ferrite series321MH z 500k H z 300k H z 200k Hz 100k H z HENGDIAN GROUP DMEGC MAGNETICS 以上数据是根据标准样环φ25×φ15×8获得的典型数据，有关产品的具体性能会在此基础上有所调整。

amp95分子量AMP95是一种化学物质，其分子量为95克/摩尔。

它是一种多功能表面活性剂，广泛应用于日常生活和工业生产中。

本文将从化学性质、物理性质和应用领域三个方面介绍AMP95的分子量。

首先，我们来了解一下AMP95的化学性质。

AMP95的化学名为α-甲基环己亚砜-ω-羟基聚醚，它是由甲基环己酮、亚砜和环氧乙烷等原料反应制得的聚醚化合物。

它的分子式为C6H12O5S，分子量为95克/摩尔。

AMP95是一种非离子表面活性剂，具有良好的表面活性和乳液稳定性，能够在水和有机溶剂之间形成稳定的乳液。

其次，AMP95的物理性质也值得关注。

AMP95是一种无色至淡黄色的液体，具有清淡的香味。

它具有较低的粘度和表面张力，能够迅速扩散和湿润各种表面。

此外，AMP95还具有一定的温度稳定性和耐酸碱性，在高温和酸碱环境下仍能保持一定的稳定性。

最后，我们来了解一下AMP95的应用领域。

由于其优异的表面活性和乳化性能，AMP95在众多领域均有广泛应用。

首先，在个人护理产品中，AMP95常被用作香皂、洗发水和沐浴露的乳化剂，能够提供丰富的泡沫和良好的清洁效果。

其次，在农业和园艺领域，AMP95可用作农药和植物生长调节剂的辅助剂，能够提高农药的浸润性和附着性，增强植物的抗病性和抗旱性。

此外，由于其良好的表面张力和分散性，AMP95还可用于颜料、涂料和油墨等工业领域，能够提高颜料和涂料的分散性和稳定性。

综上所述，AMP95是一种具有优异化学性质和物理性质的多功能表面活性剂。

它的化学名为α-甲基环己亚砜-ω-羟基聚醚，分子量为95克/摩尔。

AMP95在个人护理、农业和工业领域均有广泛应用，能够提供良好的乳化、分散和稳定性能。

在未来的研究中，我们相信AMP95在更多领域的应用潜力将得到挖掘。

9号标准炭黑标准值9号标准炭黑是一种常用的填料和增强剂，广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、油墨、涂料等行业。

它具有良好的增强性能和耐磨性能，可以改善产品的物理性能和加工性能。

在使用9号标准炭黑时，了解其标准值是非常重要的，下面将介绍9号标准炭黑的标准值及其相关内容。

首先，9号标准炭黑的Iodine Adsorption（碘吸附值）是一个重要的标准值。

碘吸附值是指单位质量的炭黑在规定条件下吸附碘的质量，通常以g/kg或mg/g为单位。

这个数值可以反映炭黑的吸附性能，对于一些需要吸附性能的产品，比如橡胶制品和油墨，碘吸附值是一个非常关键的指标。

高碘吸附值的炭黑具有更好的增强效果和填充效果，可以提高产品的强度和硬度。

其次，DBP Absorption（DBP吸附值）也是9号标准炭黑的一个重要标准值。

DBP吸附值是指单位质量的炭黑在规定条件下吸附二甲苯的质量，通常以cm³/100g为单位。

DBP吸附值可以反映炭黑的填充性能和分散性能，对于一些需要良好分散性能的产品，比如橡胶制品和塑料制品，DBP吸附值是非常重要的。

高DBP吸附值的炭黑可以提高产品的硬度和耐磨性，改善产品的加工性能。

另外，9号标准炭黑的CTAB Surface Area（CTAB比表面积）也是一个需要关注的标准值。

CTAB比表面积是指单位质量的炭黑在规定条件下的比表面积，通常以m²/g为单位。

CTAB比表面积可以反映炭黑的比表面积大小，对于一些需要较大比表面积的产品，比如油墨和涂料，CTAB比表面积是一个重要的指标。

大的CTAB比表面积可以提高炭黑与其他材料的接触面积，改善产品的均匀性和光泽度。

最后，9号标准炭黑的Tint Strength（着色强度）也是一个重要的标准值。

着色强度是指单位质量的炭黑对颜料着色能力的影响，通常以百分比表示。

着色强度可以反映炭黑的着色能力，对于一些需要良好着色效果的产品，比如油墨和涂料，着色强度是一个关键的指标。

活性碳MSDS报告
1、物质的理化常数
国标编号: 42521 ＣＡＳ: 中文名称: 活性碳
英文名称: Carbon activated；Activated charcoal；Activated char；Carbon active；Carbon Amorphous；Carbon black
别名: 活性炭黑
分子式: C 分子量: 12.011 熔点: 4200℃
密度: 相对密度 1.8～2.1
蒸汽压:
溶解性: 不溶于水和有机溶剂
稳定性:
外观与性
状:
黑色细微粉末。

无臭，无味，无砂性
危险标记:
用途: 具有高容量吸附有机色素及含氮碱的能力
2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径：吸入
健康危害：症状有结膜炎，角膜再生不良、湿疹和支气管炎等。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为
危险特性：吸入粉尘有中等程度危险。

易燃。

3.现场应急监测方法:
4.实验室监测方法:
5.环境标准:
美国(1976)公共给水标准0.3mg/L
6.应急处理处置方法:
防护措施：操作时应戴防目镜，以避免眼反复接触。

工作者应每天淋浴。

急救措施：如进入眼中，迅速用水冲洗。

ni95al5国标化学成分
Ni95Al5是一种合金，它的化学成分是镍（Ni）和铝（Al）。

镍是一种银白色的金属元素，它具有良好的耐腐蚀性和热稳定性，常用于制造合金和电池。

铝是一种轻质金属，具有良好的导热性和耐腐蚀性，常用于制造航空器和建筑材料。

Ni95Al5合金由95%的镍和5%的铝组成，这种比例可以使合金具有特定的物理和化学性质，例如高温强度和耐腐蚀性。

这种合金常用于高温和腐蚀环境下的应用，例如航空航天领域和化工设备制造。

总的来说，Ni95Al5合金的化学成分为95%的镍和5%的铝，这种成分使得合金具有特定的性能和用途。

Designation:D95−13´1Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards(MPMS),Chapter10.5 Standard Test Method forWater in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation1This standard is issued under thefixed designation D95;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.ε1NOTE—IP information was removed editorially in September2013.1.Scope*1.1This test method covers the determination of water in the range from0to25%volume in petroleum products,tars, and other bituminous materials by the distillation method.N OTE1—V olatile water-soluble material,if present,may be measured as water.1.2The specific products considered during the develop-ment of this test method are listed in Table 1.For bituminous emulsions refer to Test Method D244.For crude oils,refer to Test Method D4006(API MPMS Chapter10.2).N OTE2—With some types of oil,satisfactory results may be obtained from Test Method D1796(API MPMS Chapter10.6).1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements,see Section6.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2D235Specification for Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D244Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts D1796Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)(API MPMS Chapter10.6)D4006Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (API MPMS Chapter10.2)D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(API MPMS Chapter8.1)D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(API MPMS Chapter8.2)D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(API MPMS Chap-ter8.3)E123Specification for Apparatus for Determination of Water by Distillation2.2API Standards:3MPMS Chapter8.1Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter8.2Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D4177)MPMS Chapter8.3Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D5854)MPMS Chapter10.2Determination of Water in Crude Oil by the Distillation Method(ASTM Test Method D4006) MPMS Chapter10.6Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Proce-dure)(ASTM Test Method D1796)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02on Petroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ,the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer(Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved May1,2013.Published July2013.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2010as D95–05(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D0095-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Published as Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards.Available from American Petroleum Institute(API),1220L.St.,NW,Washington,DC20005-4070, ..*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959.United States3.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1bituminous material,n—in petroleum technology ,a black or dark-colored very viscous liquid or semi-solid com-posed principally of high molecular weight condensed aromatic,or naphthenic compounds,or both.4.Summary of Test Method4.1The material to be tested is heated under reflux with a water-immiscible solvent,which co-distills with the water in the sample.Condensed solvent and water are continuously separated in a trap,the water settling in the graduated section of the trap and the solvent returning to the still.5.Significance and Use5.1A knowledge of the water content of petroleum products is important in the refining,purchase,sale,and transfer of products.5.2The amount of water as determined by this test method (to the nearest 0.05or 0.1volume %,depending on the trap size used)may be used to correct the volume involved in the custody transfer of petroleum products and bituminous mate-rials.5.3The allowable amount of water may be specified in contracts.6.Solvent-Carrier Liquid6.1A water-immiscible solvent-carrier liquid that is mis-cible in the material being tested (see Table 1)shall be used.6.1.1Aromatic Solvent—The following aromatic solvents are acceptable:6.1.1.1Industrial Grade Xylene—(Warning—Flammable.Vapor harmful.)6.1.1.2A blend of 20volume %industrial grade toluene and 80volume %industrial grade xylene.(Warning—Flammable.Vapor harmful.)6.1.1.3Petroleum Naphtha or Coal Tar Naphtha,free of water,yielding not more than 5%distillates at 125°C (257°F)and not less than 20%at 160°C (320°F)and with a relative density (specific gravity)not lower than 0.8545at 15.56/15.56°C (60/60°F).(Warning—Extremely flammable.Harm-ful if inhaled.Vapors may cause fire.)6.1.2Petroleum Distillate Solvent—A petroleum distillate solvent containing at least 2%(V/V)aromatics and with an initial boiling point (IBP)greater than 80°C (176°F);and a final boiling point (FBP)below 250°C (482°F)shall be used.N OTE 3—Examples of suitable solvents include Types I and IV and Classes A and B of Specification D235.N OTE 4—It is recommended to use a wide boiling range solvent with 10%boiling below 100°C to help to ensure an even distillation rate.6.1.3Volatile Spirits Solvent—The following volatile spirits solvents are acceptable:6.1.3.1Petroleum Spirit,with a boiling range from 100to 120°C (212to 248°F).(Warning—Flammable.Vapor harm-ful.)6.1.3.2Iso-octane,of 95%purity or better.(Warning—Extremely flammable.Harmful if inhaled.Vapors may cause fire.)6.2Solvent Blank—The water content of the solvent shall be determined by distilling an equivalent amount of the same solvent used for the test sample in the distillation apparatus and testing as outlined in Section 10.The blank shall be determined to the nearest scale division and used to correct the volume of water in the trap in Section 11.7.Apparatus7.1General—The apparatus comprises a glass or metal still,a heater,a reflux condenser,and a graduated glass trap.The still,trap,and condenser may be connected by any suitable method that produces a leakproof joint.Preferred connections are ground joints for glass and O-rings for metal to glass.Typical assemblies are illustrated in Fig.1,Fig.2,and Fig.3.The stills and traps should be chosen to cover the range of materials and water contents expected.On assembly,care shall be taken to prevent the joints from freezing or sticking.Always apply a very thin film of stopcock grease to prevent the glassware joints from seizing.7.2Still—A glass or metal vessel with a short neck and suitable joint for accommodating the reflux tube of the trap shall be used.Vessels of 500,1000,and 2000-mL nominal capacity have proved satisfactory.7.3Heater—A suitable gas burner or electric heater may be used with the glass still.A gas ring burner with ports on the inside circumference shall be used with the metal still.The gas ring burner shall be of such dimensions that it may be movedTABLE 1Type of Solvent-Carrier Liquid to Use Versus Material toBe TestedType of Solvent-Carrier LiquidMaterial to be TestedAromatic asphalt,bitumen,tar,and related products Petroleum distillate fuel oil,lubricating oil,lubricating oil additivesVolatile spiritsgreasesFIG.1Typical Assembly with GlassStillup and down the vessel when testing materials that are likely to foam or solidify in the still.7.4Glassware—Dimensions and descriptions of typical glassware for use in this test method are provided in Specifi-cation E123.N OTE 5—Instead of standardizing on a particular apparatus specifica-tion with respect to dimensions and style,a given apparatus will be deemed satisfactory when accurate results are obtained by the standard addition technique described in Section 9.8.Sampling8.1Sampling is defined as all steps required to obtain an aliquot of the contents of any pipe,tank,or other system and to place the sample into the laboratory test container.Only representative samples obtained as specified in Practices D4057(API MPMS Chapter 8.1)and D4177(API MPMS Chapter 8.2)shall be used for this test method.8.2The size of the test portion should be based on the expected water content of the sample,such that the water yield does not exceed the capacity of the trap (unless a trap with a stopcock is used permitting excess water to be withdrawn into a graduated cylinder).8.3Practice D5854(API MPMS Chapter 8.3)contains information on sampling and homogenization efficiency of unknown mixers.This test method should not be followed without strict adherence to Practice D5854(API MPMS Chapter 8.3).9.Verification9.1The accuracy of the graduation marks on the trap shall be certified or verified,using only national or international standards,such as National Institute of Standards and Technol-ogy (NIST)4traceable equipment.Verification shall be with a traceable 5mL Micro Burette or Micro Pipette,readable to the nearest 0.01mL.9.1.1In styles A,B,C,and D,as specified in Table 2(Table 1in Specification E123),each subdivision (that is,0.1mL through 1.0mL)in the conical portion of the tube shall be verified.Thereafter,each major subdivision (that is,2.0mL,3.0mL,4.0mL,and up to the total volume of the trap)shall be verified.9.1.2In styles E and F,as specified in Table 2,each major subdivision (0.1mL,1.0mL,2.0mL,4.0mL,and 5.0mL in the case of Style E;0.05mL,0.5mL,1.0mL,1.5mL,and 2.0mL in the case of Style F)shall be verified.9.2The entire glassware assembly shall be verified prior to first use and at a regular frequency thereafter as follows.9.2.1Put 400mL of dry (0.02%water maximum)xylene or the solvent to be utilized in the analysis of unknown samples into the apparatus and test in accordance with Section 10.When complete,discard the contents of the trap and add the volume of water as specified as first test in Table 3directly to the distillation flask and test in accordance with Section 10.9.2.2Repeat the test in 9.2.1,and add the volume specified as second test in Table 3directly to the flask.The assembly of the apparatus is satisfactory only if the trap readings are within the tolerances specified in Table 3.9.3A reading outside the permissible limits suggests a malfunction resulting from vapor leaks,too rapid boiling,inaccuracies in calibration of the trap,or ingress of extraneous moisture.Eliminate these factors before repeating the verifica-tion.10.ProcedureN OTE 6—The precision of this test method will be affected by water droplets adhering to surfaces in the apparatus and therefore not settling into the water trap to be measured.To minimize the problem,all apparatus must be cleaned chemically at least daily to remove surface films and debris,which hinder free drainage of water in the test apparatus.More frequent cleaning is recommended if the nature of samples being run causes persistent contamination.10.1Measure a suitable amount of sample to an accuracy of 61%and transfer it to the still.10.2Measure ordinary liquid samples in a graduated cylin-der of an appropriate size.Rinse the material adhering to the cylinder with one 50-mL and two 25-mL portions of the solvent-carrier liquid (see Section 6and Table 1).Drain the cylinder thoroughly after the sample transfer and each rinsing.10.3Weigh solid or viscous materials directly into the still and add 100mL of the selected solvent-carrier liquid.In cases of material with a low-water content when large samples must be used,a solvent-carrier liquid volume in excess of 100mL may be necessary.10.4Glass beads or other boiling aids may be added,if necessary,to reduce bumping.10.5Assemble the components of the apparatus,as illus-trated in Fig.1,Fig.2,and Fig.3,choosing the trap in4National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),100Bureau Dr.,Stop 1070,Gaithersburg,MD 20899-1070,.FIG.2Two-millilitre Receiver Showing Alternative Connections toGlassStillN OTE1—Trap shall be15to16mm in inside diameter.FIG.3Typical Assemblies with Metal Stillaccordance with the expected water content of the sample and making all connections vapor and liquid tight.If a metal still with a removable cover is used,insert a gasket of heavy paper,moistened with solvent,between the still body and the cover.The condenser tube and trap must be chemically clean to ensure free drainage of water into the bottom of the trap.Insert a loose cotton plug in the top of the condenser to prevent condensation of atmospheric moisture inside it.Circulate cold water through the jacket of the condenser.10.6Apply heat to the still,adjusting the rate of boiling so that condensed distillate discharges from the condenser at the rate of two to five drops per second.If the metal still is used,start heating with the ring burner about 76mm (3in.)above the bottom of the still and gradually lower the burner as the distillation proceeds.Continue distillation until no water is visible in any part of the apparatus except in the trap and the volume of water in the trap remains constant for 5min.If there is a persistent ring of water in the condenser tube,carefully increase the rate of distillation or cut off the condenser water for a few minutes.10.7When the evolution of water is complete,allow the trap and contents to cool to room temperature.Dislodge any drops of water adhering to the sides of the trap with a glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)rod or other suitable means and transfer them to the water layer.Read the volume of the water in the trap to the nearest scale division.10.8A solvent blank shall be established,as outlined in 6.2.11.Calculation11.1Calculate the water in the sample,as weight or volume percent,in accordance with the basis on which the sample was taken,as follows:11.1.1Water,%(V/V)=~Volume in water trap,mL !2~Water in solvent blank,mL !3100(1)11.1.2Water,%(V/m)=~Volume of water in trap,mL !2~Water in solvent blank,mL !3100(2)12.Report12.1Report the results as the water content to the nearest 0.05%if the 2-mL receiver has been used and to the nearest 0.1%if the 10-mL or 25-mL receiver has been used and to the nearest subdivision if a 5-mL receiver has been used with a 100-mL or 100-g sample.13.Precision and Bias13.1Precision—The criteria described in 13.1.1and 13.1.2should be used to judge the acceptability of results when using the 10or 25-mL traps.The precision when using the 2-mL trap or a 5–mL trap has not been established.N OTE 7—Practice D6300was not used in obtaining precision data.13.1.1Repeatability—The difference between successive test results,obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material,would,in the long run,in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the values in Table 4in only one case in twenty.TABLE 2Specifications and Sizes of TrapsDescriptionStyle Top of Graduated Tube Bottom of Graduated Tube Bottom of Vapor Tube Size of TrapmLRange mL Smallest Scale Division,mL Scale Error Maximum,mL A ST Joint Conical ST Joint 100to 1.00.10.05>1.0to 10.00.20.1B ST Joint Conical ST Joint 250to 1.00.10.05C ST Joint Conical Plain 25>1.0to 250.20.1D ST Joint Conical Plain 25 1.0to 250.20.1ESTJointRoundST Joint50to 5.00.10.0550to 5.00.050.025100to 10.00.10.1F ST Joint Round ST Joint20to 2.00.050.025TABLE 3Permissible Limits in MillilitresCapacity of Receiver at 20°C Volume of Water Added to Flask at20°CPermissible Limits for Recovered Water at20°CRound trap21st Test 11±0.0522nd Test 1.9 1.9±0.055(0.05mL subdivisions)1st Test 11±0.055(0.05mL subdivisions)2nd Test4.54.5±0.055(0.1mL subdivisions)1st Test 11±0.15(0.1mL subdivisions)2nd Test4.54.5±0.1101st Test 55±0.1102nd Test 99±0.1Conical trap101st Test 11±0.1102nd Test 99±0.2251st Test 1212±0.2252nd Test2424±0.213.1.2Reproducibility—The difference between two single and independent test results obtained by different operators working in different laboratories on identical test material,would,in the long run,in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the values in Table 4in only one case in twenty.13.2Bias—As there is no accepted reference material suit-able for determining bias for the procedure described in this test method for measuring water in petroleum products and bituminous materials by distillation,no statement about bias is made.14.Keywords14.1bituminous materials;distillation;petroleum products;solvent carrier liquid;water by distillation;water contentSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.02has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D95–05(2010))that may impact the use of this standard.(1)Added Specification D235to subsection 2.1.(2)Updated 6.1,6.1.2,and Table 1.(3)Added Note 3and Note 4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@ (e-mail);or through the ASTM website ().Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center,222Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,Tel:(978)646-2600;/TABLE 4PrecisionType Water Collected,mLDifference,mLRepeatability0.0–1.00.11.1–250.1mL or 2%of the mean,whichever is greaterReproducibility0.0–1.00.21.1–250.2mL or 10%of the mean,whichever isgreater。

n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺分子式概述说明1. 引言1.1 概述在有机化学中，n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺分子式（C9H19CONHCH(CH3)R）是一种重要的化合物。

它具有广泛应用于医药、农药和染料等领域的特性。

本文将对该化合物的结构、合成方法、物理化学性质以及安全性进行详细探讨。

1.2 文章结构本文共分为五个部分进行论述。

引言部分概述了文章的目的和主要内容，第二部分将解释n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺的化学名称和分子式，并介绍其结构特点和形式简化，还探讨了它在不同领域中的用途和应用。

第三部分将阐述常用的合成方法，并概述其工艺流程和关键步骤，同时提供改进方向和发展趋势。

第四部分将详细说明该化合物的理化性质与测定方法，并对其对环境和人体的影响进行安全性评价与探讨，最后给出安全使用与处理建议。

第五部分将对全文进行总结，并展望n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺研究的未来发展方向。

1.3 目的本文旨在全面了解和介绍n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺分子式，包括其化学名称、结构特点、合成方法和工艺流程，以及物理化学性质和安全性评价等方面的内容。

通过全面分析该化合物，期望能够为相关领域的研究提供参考和指导，同时引发对其未来研究的探讨和展望。

2. n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺分子式的解释：2.1 化学名称和分子式：n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺，其化学名称中的"n-"表示它是一种正构化合物，"乙基"表示分子中有一个两碳的侧链，"异丙基"表示分子中有一个三碳的侧链，而"s-"表示该侧链连接在主链上较低号位。

分子式为C12H23NO。

2.2 结构特点和形式简化：n-乙基-2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己烷甲酰胺是一种脂肪胺类化合物，它由一个环状的六元碳骨架（环己烷）和两个侧链（乙基和异丙基），以及一个与其中一个侧链相连的甲酰胺官能团组成。

95工业乙醇密度
95工业乙醇密度
95工业乙醇是由乙醇、水和石脑油混合而成的高档汽油添加剂，其最常见的应用是机动车空气净化器清洗剂或汽油添加剂，该添加剂也是用于清洗火花塞、增强汽油的燃烧率和可燃性、抑制酸性、抗沉淀和加强启动性能等用途。

95工业乙醇的密度是0.78g/ml，热容是2.167 MJ/kg，沸点是78.4℃，折射率是1.365，蒸汽压是0.0034MPa，无色透明液体，不溶于水，但极易溶于乙醚、二氯甲烷等有机溶剂。

95工业乙醇可与水混合而成乙醇水溶液，其水溶液的密度与水溶液的乙醇浓度密切相关。

乙醇水溶液浓度为90%时，重量比例相加后的密度为：0.77 g/ml。

乙醇浓度为80%时，重量比例相加后的密度为：0.78 g/ml。

乙醇浓度为75%时，重量比例相加后的密度为：0.79 g/ml。

乙醇浓度为70%时，重量比例相加后的密度为：0.81 g/ml。

虽然95工业乙醇具有很多优点，但它也具有一定的毒性，所以许多国家都对其使用有限制，应遵守当地的法律和法规。

- 1 -。

物料安全资料(MSDS)乙醇95％第一部分化学品及企业标识化学品中文名称：乙醇95％化学品英文名称：Ethanol 95%企业名称：广州市新港化工有限公司地址：广州市海珠区工业大道中274号首层邮编：510280技术说明书编码：生效日期：2006年10 月19 日第二部分成分/组成信息纯品□混合物■化学品名称：乙醇95％化学品分子式：C2H6O分子量: 46.07有害物成分: 含量CAS号乙醇95 % 64-17-5第三部分危险性概述危险性类别：第3.2类中闪点易燃液体。

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。

健康危害：本品为中枢神经系统抑制剂。

首先引起兴奋，随后抑制。

急性中毒：急性中毒多发生于口服。

一般可分为兴奋、催眠、麻醉、窒息四阶段。

患者进入第三或第四阶段，出现意识丧失、瞳孔扩大、呼吸不规律、休克、心力循环衰竭及呼吸停止。

慢性影响：在生产中长期接触高浓度本品可引起鼻、眼、粘膜刺激症状，以及头痛、头晕、疲乏、易激动、震颤、恶心等。

长期酗酒可引起多发性神经病、慢性胃炎、脂肪肝、肝硬化、心肌损害及器质性精神病等。

皮肤长期接触可引起干燥、脱屑、皲裂和皮炎。

环境危害：燃爆危险：易燃。

第四部分急救措施皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗。

眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水彻底冲洗。

就医。

吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。

食入：让患者饮用大量水。

催吐。

就医。

第五部分消防措施危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。

遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。

与氧化剂接触发生化学反应或引起燃烧。

在火场中，受热的容器有爆炸危险。

其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。

有害燃烧产物：一氧化碳灭火方法及灭火剂：抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。

灭火注意事项：没有配备化学防护衣和供氧设备请不要待在危险区。

尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。

喷水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。

防止化学品进入地表水和地下水。

镍—MSDS1.物质的理化常数:2.对环境的影响:一、健康危害侵入途径：吸入、食入。

健康危害：可引起镍皮炎，又称镍“痒疹”。

皮肤剧痒，后出现丘疹、疱疹及红斑，重者化脓、溃烂。

长期吸入镍粉可致呼吸道刺激、慢性鼻炎，甚至发生鼻中隔穿孔。

尚可引起变态反应性肺炎、支气管炎、哮喘。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为金属镍几科没有急性毒性，一般的镍盐毒性也较低，但羰基镍却能产生很强的毒性。

羰基镍以蒸气形式迅速由呼吸道吸收，也能由皮肤少量吸收，前者是作业环境中毒物侵入人体的主要途径。

羰基镍在浓度为3.5μg/m3时就会使人感到有如灯烟的臭味，低浓度时人有不适感觉。

吸收羰基镍后可引起急性中毒，10分钟左右就会出现初期症状，如：头晕、头疼、步态不稳，有时恶心、呕吐、胸闷；后期症状是在接触12至36小时后再次出现恶心、呕吐、高烧、呼吸困难、胸部疼痛等。

接触高浓度时发生急性化学肺炎，最终出现肺水肿和呼吸道循环衰竭而致死亡接触致死量时，事故发生后4至11日死亡。

人的镍中毒特有症状是皮肤炎、呼吸器官障碍及呼吸道癌。

致突变性：肿瘤性转化：仓鼠胚胎5µmol/L。

生殖毒性：大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL)：158mg/kg(多代用药)，胚胎中毒，胎鼠死亡。

致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：动物为阳性反应。

迁移转化：天然水中的镍常以卤化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐以及某些无机和有机络合物的形式溶解于水。

水中的可溶性离子能与水结合形成水合离子[Ni(H2O)6]2+，与氨基酸、胱氨酸、富里酸等形成可溶性有机络离子，它们可以随水流迁移。

镍在水中的迁移，主要是形成沉淀和共沉淀以及在晶形沉积物中向底质迁移，这种迁移的镍共占总迁移量的80%；溶解形态和固体吸附形态的迁移仅占5%。

为此，水体中的镍大部分都富集在底质沉积物中，沉积物含镍量可达18～47ppm，为水中含镍量的38000～92000倍。

土壤中的镍主要来源于岩石风化、大气降尘、灌溉用水(包括含镍废水)、农田施肥、植物和动物遗体的腐烂等。

【初中化学】镍与不锈钢基础知识镍在不锈钢中的主要作用在于它改变了钢的晶体结构。

在不锈钢中增加镍的一个主要原因就是形成奥氏体晶体结构，从而改善诸如可塑性、可焊接性和韧性等不锈钢的属性，所以镍被称为奥氏体形成元素。

普通碳钢的晶体结构称为铁氧体，呈体心立方(bcc)结构，加入镍，促使晶体结构从体心立方(bcc)结构转变为面心立方(fcc)结构，这种结构被称为奥氏体。

然而，镍并不是唯一具有此种性质的元素。

常见的奥氏体形成元素有：镍、碳、氮、锰、铜。

这些元素在形成奥氏体方面的相对重要性对于预测不锈钢的晶体结构具有重要意义。

目前，人们已经研究出很多公式来表述奥氏体形成元素的相对重要性，最著名的是下面的公式：奥氏体形成能力=Ni%+30C%+30n%+0.5mn%+0.25cu%从这个等式可以看出：碳是一种较强的奥氏体形成元素，其形成奥氏体的能力是镍的30倍，但是它不能被添加到耐腐蚀的不锈钢中，因为在焊接后它会造成敏化腐蚀和随后的晶间腐蚀问题。

氮元素形成奥氏体的能力也是镍的30倍，但是它是气体，想要不造成多孔性的问题，只能在不锈钢中添加数量有限的氮。

添加锰和铜会造成炼钢过程中耐火生命减少和焊接的问题。

从镍方程式可以看出，添加锰对奥氏体的形成不是非常有效，但添加锰可以将更多氮溶解到不锈钢中，氮是一种非常强的奥氏体形成元素。

在200系列不锈钢中，锰和氮足以取代镍，形成100%的奥氏体结构。

镍含量越低，锰和氮的添加量越高。

例如，201型不锈钢只含有4.5%的镍和0.25%的氮。

根据镍方程式，这些氮形成奥氏体的能力相当于7.5%的镍，因此也可以形成100%的奥氏体结构。

这也是200系列不锈钢的形成原理。

在一些不符合标准的200系列不锈钢中，由于不能添加足量的锰和氮，因此人为减少铬的添加量，以形成100%的奥氏体结构，这将不可避免地导致不锈钢的耐腐蚀性下降。

在不锈钢中，有两种相反的力量同时作用：铁素体形成元素不断形成铁素体，奥氏体形成元素不断形成奥氏体。

三乙胺；N，N-二乙基乙胺标识中文名：三乙胺；N，N-二乙基乙胺英文名：Triethylamine；N，N-Diethylethanamine 分子式：C6H15N分子量：101.19CAS号：121-44-8RTECS号：YE0175000UN编号：1296危险货物编号：32168IMDG规则页码：3285理化性质外观与性状：无色油状液体，有强烈氨臭。

主要用途：用作溶剂、阻聚剂、防腐剂，及合成染料等。

熔点：-114．8沸点：89.5饱和蒸汽压(kPa)：8．80／20℃相对密度(水=1)：0．70相对密度(空气=1):3．48溶解性：微溶于水，溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂。

临界温度(℃)：259燃烧热(kj/mol)：4333．8临界压力(MPa)：3．04辛醇/水分配系数的对数值：1.45燃烧爆炸危险性燃烧性：易燃建规火险分级：甲最小点火能(mJ)：0.75闪点(℃)：－7℃开杯；－9℃闭杯自燃温度(℃)：引燃温度（℃）：249爆炸下限(V%)：1．2爆炸上限(V%)：8．0危险特性：其蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物，遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。

与氧化剂能发生强烈反应。

其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇火源引着回燃。

若遇高热，容器内压增大，有开裂和爆炸的危险。

有腐蚀性。

易燃性(红色)：3；反应活性(黄色)：0燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。

稳定性：稳定聚合危害：不能出现禁忌物：强氧化剂、酸类。

灭火方法：泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。

用水灭火无效。

消防器具(包括SCBA)不能提供足够有效的防护。

若不小心接触，立即撤离现场，隔离器具，对人员彻底清污。

如果该物质或被污染的流体进入水路，通知有潜在水体污染的下游用户，通知地方卫生、消防官员和污染控制部门。

在安全防爆距离以外，使用雾状水冷却暴露的容器。

包装与储运危险性类别：第3．2类中闪点易燃液体危险货物包装标志：7包装类别：Ⅱ储运注意事项：储存于阴凉、通风仓间内。

120#溶剂油安全技术说明书分子式: 混合物中文名:120#溶剂油CAS 号:——相对分子质量:155危险性类别:——标识英文名:mineralsolvents forrublerindustryUN 编号:3082危险货物编号：——化学类别:烷烃类外观与性状无色透明液体，由80℃～120℃的石油馏分组成熔点（℃）<-13相对密度(水=1)0.994理化性质溶解性不溶于水中国MAC(mg/m 3)——前苏联MAC(mg/m 3)——美国TLV-TWAOSHA （mg/m 3）——接触限值(车间卫生标准)美国TLV-ACGIH （mg/m 3）——侵入途径吸入或皮肤接触毒性及健康危害健康危害长时间吸入会使人神经麻痹，其毒性随芳烃及硫含量的增大而增大。

工作现场应注意安全防护。

燃烧性可燃闪点（℃）95稳定性稳定聚合危害不聚合燃烧爆炸危险性燃烧分解产物一氧化碳、二氧化碳危险特性低度危险：该物质只有在加热至其闪点或高于其闪点温度时会形成可燃混合物或燃烧。

静电放电：产品会积累静电，发生电火花。

灭火方法用水喷洒冷却火焰触及表面，并保护人员安全。

切断“燃料”源。

用泡沫、干粉化合物或水喷洒灭火。

特殊警告：不要将水直接喷洒进储存容器中。

火灾危险性类别（按GBJ16-87 2001年版）丙类泄漏应急处理地面溢漏：隔离人群。

无危险的情况下，尽可能切断危害源。

若物质进入水网或下水道，或污染了土地或作物，必须通知有关单位。

采取措施将其对地下水的影响控制在最小限度。

用黄沙和泥土吸附溢漏液体，用泵或适当的吸收材料回收。

若液体太粘而不能泵送，则用铲和小桶铲起并置于适当的容器中回收或废弃。

水体溢漏：警告其它船舶。

通知港口或相关职能机构，禁止公众聚集。

在没有危险情况下，尽可能切断燃烧源。

可能的话，采取隔离措施。

若得到当地机构和环境部门允许，在敞开水域使污染物沉淀和/或适当使用分散剂。

储运注意事项确保容器密闭，小心轻放。

开盖时动作要缓慢，以控制容器内压力的释放。