Telaprevir_RP-HPLC_06342_MedChemExpress
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抗血小板新药普拉格雷摘要:心血管疾病已经成为仅次于恶性肿瘤的第二号杀手,而抗血栓治疗一直是心血管疾病抢救措施及预防策略的核心。
临床研究证明,新一代噻吩吡啶类血小板抑制剂普拉格雷具有比目前主流药物氯吡格雷更好的抗凝血效果。
关键词:心血管疾病抗血栓治疗普拉格雷1 普拉格雷简介新一代噻吩吡啶类血小板抑制剂普拉格雷,化学名称为2-乙酰氧基-5-(环丙基羰基-2-氟苄基)-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶,由日本东京第一制药三共公司和美国礼来公司联合开发,欧盟已批准其薄膜包衣片上市,剂量规格为:普拉格雷5mg/片、10mg/片。
普拉格雷化学结构式为(图1)。
2 普拉格雷代谢形式普拉格雷是一种前体药物,以外消旋体混合物的形式,经口服进入体内,在(羧酸)酯酶的作用下迅速水解,生成硫代内酯,它在人体血浆内循环,没有生物活性,经过进一步代谢开环,生成有两个手性中心的物质R-138727,它是4个立体异构体的混合物,具有生物活性,起着抑制P2Y12受体的作用。
3 普拉格雷临床研究普拉格雷和它在药学上可以接受的盐、前体药物、活性代谢物、外消旋化合物或对映异构一起给药,可以治疗由于栓塞而诱发的心血管疾病。
急性冠状动脉综合征患者中,抗血小板治疗的出现大大降低了心肌梗死的发生率,普拉格雷和介入操作联合应用治疗心血管疾病也将成为一种医学趋向。
二期临床试验在对患者进行经皮冠脉介入术的过程中应用了普拉格雷,结果显示:普拉格雷很好的发挥了抗凝血作用,出血率在可接受的范围内,局部缺血事件的发生率也很低,未出现明显的术后并发症,这为普拉格雷三期临床试验对效能和安全性的测试奠定了一定的基础。
美国波士顿学者在AHA年会上报告了Ⅲ期临床研究的实验结果,该实验比较了普拉格雷和氯吡格雷应用于急性冠状动脉综合征的疗效和安全性,结果显示:普拉格雷组有效性终点事件(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、卒中等)发生率均低于氯吡格雷组(9.9% vs 12.2%,HR 0.81,95% CI 0.73~0.90,P<0.01),这种差异在术后第3天即出现并持续至整个随访期,这证实了更强抑制ADP介导的血小板激活和聚集确实可进一步减少临床缺血事件的假设,它也是该研究对抗血小板聚集治疗领域最卓越的贡献。
Inhibitors, Agonists, Screening Libraries Data SheetBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:Telaprevir is a highly selective, reversible, and potent peptidomimetic inhibitor of the HCV NS3–4A protease , the steady–state inhibitory constant (K i ) of Telaprevir is 7 nM against a genotype 1 (H strain) NS3 protease domain plus a NS4A cofactor peptide.IC50 & Target: Ki: 7 nM (genotype 1 HCV NS3–4A protease)[1]In Vitro: Telaprevir (VX–950) is a covalent, reversible inhibitor of the NS3–4A protease with a slow–binding and slow–dissociation mechanism. Telaprevir exhibits significantly different kinetics in enzyme inhibition, which is most clearly exemplified by a very long half–life (58 min) of the bound enzyme–inhibitor complex. Telaprevir is additive to moderately synergistic with IFN–α in inhibiting HCV replication and in suppressing the emergence of resistance in replicon cells. Telaprevir reduces HCV RNA levels in a time– and dose–dependent manner. The IC 50s following a 24, 48, 72, and 120 h incubation with Telaprevir are determined to be 0.574, 0.488,0.21, and 0.139 μM, respectively, indicating an increase in inhibitory effects with time. Following three independent experiments using the 48 h incubation in the presence of 2% FBS, the average IC 50 of Telaprevir is determined to be 0.354 ± 0.035 μM, and the average IC 90 is 0.830 ± 0.190 μM [1]. Telaprevir (VX–950) is a potent, selective, peptidomimetic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3–4A serine protease, and Telaprevir demonstrates excellent antiviral activity both in genotype 1b HCV replicon cells (IC 50=354 nM) and in human fetal hepatocytes infected with genotype 1a HCV–positive patient sera (IC 50=280 nM)[2].In Vivo: There is an ~5–fold reduction of serum SEAP activity in mice dosed with Telaprevir (VX–950) at either 10 or 25 mg/kg,which has an average value (±SEM) of 18.7±8.3% or 18.4±5.4%, respectively, compare to those administered vehicle (100±28%).These data demonstrates that Telaprevir is able to inhibit the HCV NS3–4A serine protease activity in mouse liver and block cleavage and subsequent secretion of SEAP into blood circulation in these mice [2].PROTOCOL (Extracted from published papers and Only for reference)Cell Assay: Telaprevir (VX–950) is dissolved in DMSO and stored, and then diluted with appropriate media beforeuse [1].[1]Determination of IC 50, IC 90, CC 50 of Telaprevir (VX–950) or IFN–α in HCV replicon cells is performed. Briefly, 1×104 replicon cells per well are plated in 96–well plates. On the following day, replicon cells is incubated at 37°C for the indicated period of time with antiviral agents serially diluted in DMEM plus 2% FBS and 0.5% DMSO. Total cellular RNA is extracted using an RNeasy–96 kit,and the copy number of HCV RNA is determined using a quantitative RT–PCR (QRT–PCR) assay. Each datum point represents the average of five replicates in cell culture. The cytotoxicity of Telaprevir is measured under the same experimental settings using a tetrazolium (MTS)–based cell viability assay. For the cytotoxicity assay with human hepatocyte cell lines, 1×104 parental Huh–7 cells per well or 4×104 HepG2 cells per well are used. To determine cytotoxicity of Telaprevir against resting PBMC, 1×105 cells per well are incubated with Telaprevir in RPMI–1640 medium (no serum) for 48 h, and the cell viability is determined by the MTS–based assay.To determine cytotoxicity of VX–950 against proliferating PBMC, 1×105 cells per well in RPMI–1640 medium are addedto a 96–well plate, which is precoated with anti–human CD3 antibody. The cells are incubated with Telaprevir and anti–human CD28 antibody for 72 h at 37°C, and the cell growth is determined by [3H]thymidine update between the 48th andProduct Name:Telaprevir Cat. No.:HY-10235CAS No.:402957-28-2Molecular Formula:C 36H 53N 7O 6Molecular Weight:679.85Target:HCV Protease; HCV Pathway:Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Anti–infection Solubility:10 mM in DMSO72nd h[1].Animal Administration: Telaprevir (VX–950) is prepared in 15% ethanol, 10% dimethyl isosorbide, 35% polyethylene glycol 400, and 40% D5W (5% dextrose in water) (intravenous bolus)[2].Telaprevir (VX–950) is formulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K–30 plus 2% sodium lauryl sulfate (orally)[2].[2]Mice[2]Five groups of 6–week–old SCID mice (6 animals per group) are injected with 109 IFU per mouse of recombinant adenovirusAd–WT–HCVpro–SEAP through the tail vein. Each group of mice is given two oral administrations of Telaprevir (VX–950) at one of the following doses: 10, 25, 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg. The first Telaprevir dose is given 2 h before the adenovirus injection, and the second dose is given 10 h after injection. An additional group of 10 mice is given vehicle alone. Serum samples are collected 24 h postinjection, and the SEAP activity in each Telaprevir–dosed group is compared to that of the vehicle group. Rat and Dog[2] The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of Telaprevir (VX–950) are evaluated in rats and dogs. A group of 3 male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 250 to 300 g is administered an intravenous bolus dose of 0.95 mg/kg Telaprevir. Serial blood samples are collected in heparinized tubes before dosing and at 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h after dose administration. A group of 3 male beagle dogs (8 to 12 kg) is administered an intravenous bolus dose of 3.5 mg/kg Telaprevir in 10% ethanol, 40% polyethylene glycol 400, and 50% D5W. Serial blood samples are collected in heparinized tubes before dosing and at 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after dose administration. For oral studies in rats and dogs, Telaprevir is formulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K–30 plus 2% sodium lauryl sulfate and then dosed as an oral gavage. A group of 3 male Sprague–Dawley rats (250 to 300 g) is dosed orally with 40 mg/kg VX–950, and a group of 4 male beagle dogs (10.9 to 12.0 kg) is administered an oral dose of 9.6 mg/kg VX–950. In both oral studies, blood samples are taken before dosing and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after dose administration. In both intravenous and oral studies, plasma samples are obtained by centrifugation and stored at -70°CReferences:[1]. Lin K, et al. VX–950, a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3–4A protease inhibitor, exhibits potent antiviral activities in HCv replicon cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 May;50(5):1813–22.[2]. Perni RB, et al. Preclinical profile of VX–950, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3–4A serine protease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Mar;50(3):899–909.Caution: Product has not been fully validated for medical applications. For research use only.Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 E-mail: tech@Address: 1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA。
木香倍半萜对血管内皮细胞生长因子的抑制作用郝立杰;赵烽;高治廷;许卉;刘珂【摘要】对ELISA法测定人血管内皮细胞生长因子(human VEGF)的检测条件进行研究,考察了酶标板种类、一抗包被时间、紫外辐照等对酶联免疫反应的影响,优化了检测条件:可采用广州洁特公司生产的酶标板替代进口Costar酶标板,一抗包被时间24 h,一抗包被前紫外辐照30 min可明显提高酶标板对包被抗体的亲和力.利用优化的检测条件测定了木香挥发油、土木香挥发油、木香主要单体成分脱氢木香内酯(dehydrocostus lactone,1)和木香烯内酯(costunolide,2)对人肺腺癌A549细胞分泌VEGF的抑制作用,同时以MTT法测定药物对A549肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用.结果表明,木香挥发油、土木香挥发油、脱氢木香内酯和木香烯内酯在不影响细胞增殖的浓度范围内,可明显抑制A549细胞分泌VEGF.【期刊名称】《天然产物研究与开发》【年(卷),期】2010(022)004【总页数】5页(P687-691)【关键词】VEGF;木香;土木香;脱氢木香内酯;木香烯内酯【作者】郝立杰;赵烽;高治廷;许卉;刘珂【作者单位】烟台赛尔斯生物技术有限公司,烟台264006;烟台赛尔斯生物技术有限公司,烟台264006;烟台赛尔斯生物技术有限公司,烟台264006;烟台赛尔斯生物技术有限公司,烟台264006;烟台赛尔斯生物技术有限公司,烟台264006;烟台赛尔斯生物技术有限公司,烟台264006【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R969.1;Q946.91血管生成对肿瘤的生长和转移具有重要作用[1]。
新生血管的生长和成熟是一个复杂的多因子和多信号传导过程的结果,其中涉及到很多血管生成因子如血管内皮细胞生长因子 (vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、血管生成素(angiopoietin)等,以及抑制血管生成的因子如内皮细胞抑制素 (endostatin)、肿瘤抑素 (tumstatin)、可溶性血管内皮细胞生长因子受体 (s VEGFR)等。
talimogene laherparepvec原理标题:Talimogene Laherparepvec原理的探索与理解一、引言Talimogene laherparepvec(也称为T-VEC)是一种新型的免疫治疗药物,主要用于治疗黑色素瘤。
其独特的原理和机制使其在癌症治疗领域有着广泛的应用前景。
本文旨在深入探讨和理解Talimogene laherparepvec的工作原理。
二、Talimogene Laherparepvec的基本信息Talimogene laherparepvec是由一种名为Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)的病毒经过基因工程改造而来的。
这种病毒被设计用来携带并表达两种人类基因:GM-CSF(粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)和一个被称为“删除Ⅰ型干扰素调节因子”的基因。
三、Talimogene Laherparepvec的工作原理1. 病毒感染肿瘤细胞:T-VEC被直接注射到黑色素瘤病灶中,然后利用自身的特性去感染肿瘤细胞。
2. 基因表达:一旦进入肿瘤细胞,T-VEC就开始表达GM-CSF和删除Ⅰ型干扰素调节因子这两种基因。
3. 刺激免疫系统:GM-CSF是一种强大的免疫激活剂,可以吸引和激活免疫系统的白细胞,如巨噬细胞和树突状细胞,从而增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。
4. 杀死肿瘤细胞:同时,由于删除了Ⅰ型干扰素调节因子,使得病毒感染后的肿瘤细胞无法正常产生干扰素,导致其更容易被免疫系统识别和攻击。
5. 免疫记忆:通过这种方式,T-VEC不仅能够直接杀死被感染的肿瘤细胞,还能够引发全身性的抗肿瘤免疫反应,形成免疫记忆,防止肿瘤的复发。
四、结论Talimogene laherparepvec以其独特的工作原理,展示了强大的抗肿瘤效果,并且具有良好的安全性。
尽管目前主要应用于黑色素瘤的治疗,但随着研究的深入,我们期待它能在更多类型的癌症治疗中发挥作用。
RP—HPLC法测定紫杉醇注射液的含量及有关物质紫杉醇(paclitaxel)是从短叶紫杉树皮中提取的具有抗癌活性物质,为一种新型的抗微管药物[1]。
紫杉醇的作用机制为:促进微管双聚体装配成微管,并通过干扰去多聚化过程而使微管的稳定,从而抑制微管网正常动力学重组,导致细胞分裂受阻。
此外,本药还具有放射增敏效应,可促进离子照射所致细胞损害[2, 3]。
临床上紫杉醇注射液主要用于卵巢癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌等癌症的治疗[4, 5]。
药物含量是评价药品质量的重要指标之一,为保证紫杉醇注射液的质量,实现临床用药安全可靠,作者尝试建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其含量。
该方法准确,重复性好,专属性强,与中国药典2010年版收录的紫杉醇含量测定方法相比较,具有简便、快速的优点。
1 仪器与试药岛津LC-15C高效液相色谱仪;岛津SPD-15C Essentia uv/vis检测器;岛津工作站LC-solution;AR 1140 型电子天平(梅特勒·托利多仪器有限公司);KQ3200E 型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);AUW 120D 型电子天平(日本岛津公司)。
紫杉醇对照品(许昌恒生药业有限公司提供,纯度>99.9%,批号为A0177);紫杉醇注射液(购于江苏红豆衫药业有限公司,规格5 ml/30 mg,批号分别为20130801, 20130805, 20130809);甲醇(色谱纯)(天津市四友精细化学品有限公司);乙腈(色谱纯)(天津市四友精细化学品有限公司);其它试剂均为分析纯,水为超纯水。
2 方法与结果2. 1 色谱条件色谱柱:Hypersil BDS C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),检测波长227 nm,柱温35℃,流速为1.0 ml/min,进样量为20 μl,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-水(45:30:25, v/v)。
2. 2 对照品溶液的配制精密称取紫杉醇对照品适量,置于10 ml容量瓶中,加乙醇稀释并定容至刻度,摇匀,得浓度为500 mg·L-1对照品贮备液。
R P-H P L C 法测定注射用雷贝拉唑钠有关物质及含量孙玲1,王金虎1,白万军2,巴晓革3 第一作者 T e l :(0531)88166024;E-m a i l :s u n l 70@y a h o o .c o m .c n(1.山东省医药工业研究所,济南250100;2.山东大学药学院,济南250012;3.山东药品食品职业学院,威海264210)摘要 目的:建立R P-H P L C 法测定注射用雷贝拉唑钠中有关物质及含量的方法。
方法:选用V P-O D S 柱(4.6m m×250m m ,5μm ),以磷酸盐缓冲液(取磷酸氢二钠1.119g 和磷酸二氢钠0.179g ,加水1000m L 溶解,混匀)-乙腈(60∶40;用磷酸调p H=7.3)为流动相,流速为1.0m L ·m i n -1。
在286n m 波长处,测定注射用雷贝拉唑钠的有关物质及含量。
结果:该方法的线性范围为47.87~71.81μg ·m L -1(r =0.99997),平均回收率(n =9)100.8%(R S D=0.78%),最小检测限为2.25n g 。
结论:本方法测定样品分离效果好,灵敏度高,重现性好,结果准确可靠。
关键词:注射用雷贝拉唑钠;雷贝拉唑钠;R P -H P L C ;有关物质;含量中图分类号:R 917文献标识码:A文章编号:0254-1793(2009)12-2134-03R P -H P L Cd e t e r m i n a t i o no f r a b e p r a z o l e s o d i u mf o r i n j e c t i o na n di t s r e l a t e ds u b s t a n c e sS U NL i n g 1,W A N GJ i n -h u 1,B A I Wa n -j u n 2,B AX i a o -g e3(1.S h a n d o n g I n s t i t u t e o f P h a r m a c e u t i c a l I n d u s t r y ,J i n a n 250100,C h i n a ;2.P h a r m a c y C o l l e g eS h a n d o n g U n i v e r s i t y ,J i n a n 250012,C h i n a ;3.S h a n D o n g D r u ga n dF o o d V o c a t i o n a l ,We i h a i 264210,C h i n a )A b s t r a c t O b j e c t i v e :T o e s t a b l i s h a n R P -H P L Cm e t h o d f o r d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f r a b e p r a z o l e s o d i u mf o r i n j e c t i o n a n d i t s r e l a t e d s u b s t a n c e s .Me t h o d s :T h e s a m p l e s w e r e s e p a r a t e d b y V P -O D S c o l u m n (4.60m m×250m m ,5μm )w i t h p h o s p h a t e b u f f e r s o l u t i o n (a d d 1.119go f d i s o d i u m h y d r o p h o s p h a t ea n d 0.179g o f s o d i u m b i h y d r o p h o s p h a t et o 1000m L o f w a t e r )-a c e t o n i t r i l e (60∶40;a d j u s t e d p Ht o 7.3w i t h p h o s p h o r i c a c i d )a s m o b i l e p h a s e a t a f l o w r a t e o f1.0m L ·m i n -1a n d d e t e c t e dw i t h U V 286n m a n d .R e s u l t s :T h e c a l ib r a t i o nc u r v e w a s l i n e a r i nt h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n r a n g e o f 47.87-71.81μg ·m L -1(r =0.9999)f o r t h e c o n t e n t d e t e r m i n a t i o n ;T h e a v e r a g e r e c o v e r y (n =9)w a s 100.8%(R S D =0.78%).T h e d e t e c t i o n l i m i t w a s 2.25n g .C o n c l u s i o n :T h e m e t h o d i s g o o d i n t h e a s p e c t o f s e p a -r a b l e e f f e c t ,r e p r o d u c i b i l i t y a n d s e n s i t i v i t y .K e y w o r d s :s o d i u m r a b e p r a z o l e f o r i n j e t c i o n ;s o d i u mr a b e p r a z o l e ;R P -H P L C ;r e l a t e d s u b s t a n c e ;c o n t e n t 雷贝拉唑钠(s o d i u mr a b e p r a z o l e )作为继奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑后最新的苯并咪唑取代剂,属质子泵的强抑制剂。
·新药介绍·新一代慢性丙型肝炎治疗药———Incivek 李永贵,刘富强(山东省医用高分子材料重点实验室,山东省医疗器械研究所,山东济南250100)中图分类号:R975+.5文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7738(2011)08-0494-022011年5月23日,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA )批准Incivek (telaprevir )用于成人慢性丙型肝炎的治疗,该药物可用于未接受过干扰素类药物治疗或对之前的药物治疗无效的患者。
Incivek 被批准与聚乙二醇干扰素α及利巴韦林联用。
商品名:Incivek 通用名:Telaprevir英文名称:(1S ,3a R ,6a S )-2-[(2S )-2-({(2S )-2-cyclohexyl -2-[(pyrazin -2-ylcarbonyl )amino ]acetyl }a-mino )-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl ]-N -[(3S )-1(cycloprop-ylamino )-1,2-dioxohexan -3-yl ]-3,3a ,4,5,6,6a -hexa-hydro -1H -cyclopenta [c ]pyrrole -1-carboxamide分子式:C 36H 53N 7O 6结构式:1作用机制Telaprevir 是直接作用于丙型肝炎病毒(HCV )的抗病毒剂(DAA )。
Telaprevir 是一种HCVNS3/4A 丝氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂,而HCVNS3/4A 丝氨酸蛋白酶是编码多聚蛋白成为NS4A 、NS4B 、NS5A 和NS5B 蛋白成熟形式的HCV 溶蛋白性裂解和病毒复制所必需的。
在一项生物学测定中,10nM Telaprevir 的IC 50值说明,Telaprevir 抑制了重组体HCV NS3蛋白酶领域的蛋白水解活性。
2药效学750和1875mg Telaprevir 在QTc 间期的效应通过44名受试者的QT 研究,采用双盲法、双对照法、随机法、安慰剂和主动控制(莫西沙星400mg )四阶段的交叉进行评价。