英美国家概况课后题及答案

英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. What is the oldest institution of government?9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?12. The House of Commons.13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.16. Who can stand for election as an MP?16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany? 20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today? 24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money. 26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems? 29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples? 31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the a ction….32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called"tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. What is the origin of football?34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate this holiday?37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday? 38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland,New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?44. The British education system run by the state.45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. Is the class system similar with the United States?49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or werereturned to their rightful rulers.51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and seasonally. Mean annual rainfall is 465mm. Rainfall varies from less than 150mm over the centre of the continent to more than 2m in parts of the tropics and western Tasmania. The average annual surface runoff, about 440km3, represents 12 per cent of total rainfall. Evaporation accounts for most of the rest.57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?57. Australia has six states: New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, Queensland, South Australia (SA), Western Australia (WA) and Tasmania. It also has three internal territories-the Northern Territory(NT), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Jervis Bay Territory-and seven external territories.58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?58. Broadly, the Australian federation has a three-tier system of government: the Australian Parliament (the legislature) and Government, responsible for all matters of national interest; six state governments and their legislatures, complementing the activities of the national government (plus the Australian Capital territory and the Northern Territory, which are similar to the states and largely self-governing); and about 900 local government bodies at the city, town, municipal and shire level.59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?59. Each state and territory of Australia has its own primary and secondary education system. Standards, however, are high and reasonably uniform. Within each state and territory system there are two main types of school-government and nongovernment schools. In government schools, attended by about two thirds of children, tuition is free. About three-quarters of the non-government schools are Catholic. Most non-government schools charge fees.60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.60. Situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean, New Zealand is a large, long group of islands, 1600 kilometres from north to south. There are two main landmasses, the North Island and the South Island, separated by Cook Strait. The third largest island, Stewart Island, is south of the South Island, and there are many smaller islands, including uninhabited isolated islands hundreds of kilometres offshore. Its nearest large neighbour-Australia—is almost 2 000 km away.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?61. New Zealand's constitution is made up of parliamentary statutes (laws), judicial rulings (court decisions) and administrative practices. New Zealand has no written constitution. The Constitution Act 1986 defines the relationship between the legislative (Parliament), executive (Government departments and agencies) and judicial (the courts) roles of government.New Zealand is an independent state, governed by a democratically elected parliament. The Head of State is the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II in her capacity as Queen of New Zealand, represented by a Governor-General. The Governor-General's agreement is required for an Act of Parliament to become law.62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?62. With the fast development of commerce and trade, the bourgeoisie became increasingly powerful in politics as well as in economy. They wanted to share power with feudal lords and in some countries such as England they wanted to have more power from the king so that they could have free development. The English Revolution was the result of this growth of capitalism.63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?63. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuriesBC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class andthe townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normansfoe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4. The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the Ccentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10. Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of theBritish government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. British Cabinet works on the principle of AA. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic developmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2. In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483. The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4. Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects exceptD .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6. Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8. Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39. The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10. Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the DA. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2. About B of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4. Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5. To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National V ocationalQualifications6. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7. Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9. Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Ladenwere responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2. Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in BA. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6. In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7. Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8. The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9. President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932. The Constitution of the United States CA. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights BA. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4. The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5. All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6. The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7. According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8. The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9. The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10. The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2. The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5. The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except DA. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7. About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8. The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10. At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1. Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary andhigher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary schoolstudents.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4. Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American highereducation.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5. Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees inU. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do thefollowing except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7. Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has areputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9. Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American BroadcastingSystem (ABS)10. The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the Ccentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of theBritish government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic development Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects exceptD .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industry Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National V ocationalQualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in B .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except D .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25% Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary andhigher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary schoolstudents.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American highereducation.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees inU. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do thefollowing except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has areputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American BroadcastingSystem (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。

C h a p t e r 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to A .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the C century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the D century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the House ofCommons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and D .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic developmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except D .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industry Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National Vocational Qualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three”with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and is popular among500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in B .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields exceptC .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , and eventually,to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of D .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”exceptD .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary and highereducation.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S.institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks inAmerica.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。

英语国家概况课后题摘要：一、英语国家概况概述1.英美两国的历史背景2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度二、英国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点三、美国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点正文：一、英语国家概况概述英语国家概况主要涉及英国和美国两个国家。

这两个国家具有深厚的历史背景，独特的地理位置和气候特点，以及各自的政治体制和社会制度。

在这部分，我们将对这两个国家进行简要的概述。

二、英国概况英国，全名“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”，位于欧洲西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个部分组成。

英国是一个具有君主立宪制政体的国家，现任君主是伊丽莎白二世女王。

英国气候多样，但总体上属于海洋性气候，四季分明。

英国的经济以服务业为主，特别是金融、教育、旅游等产业具有较高地位。

在文化教育方面，英国拥有世界一流的大学，如牛津、剑桥等，吸引了全球众多学子前来求学。

著名旅游景点包括白金汉宫、大本钟、伦敦塔桥等。

三、美国概况美国，全名“美利坚合众国”，位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。

美国是一个民主共和制国家，实行总统制。

美国的气候同样多样，但大部分地区属于温带大陆性气候。

美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有高度发达的工业、农业和服务业。

美国在科技、金融、航空航天等领域具有领先地位。

在文化教育方面，美国拥有众多世界顶级大学，如哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福等。

著名旅游景点包括自由女神像、大峡谷、黄石国家公园等。

以上就是对英国和美国这两个英语国家的概况介绍。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion inEngland.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-SaxonChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the MagnaCartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’seffort to A .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power overthe church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists andParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats andChristians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle ofthe C century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by thebeginning of the D century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the workingof the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout thehistory.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British UpperHouse.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various politicalparties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland aremuch similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers betweenthree of the following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD.executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect onD .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B theHouse of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individualresponsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending theindividuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD.supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every Cyears.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD.Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a Bsystem.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand D .A. government interventionB. nationalization ofenterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that itA .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved publictransportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economicdevelopmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problemsthat prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing withall the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that ofthe Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politicsand economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand forfish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts toestablish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economyin Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’ssocial welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemploymentbenefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept D .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflationunder controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following exceptD .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britainand Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energyconsumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experiencedspectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturingindustryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the agesof 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to takea national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chanceto enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaperand end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events ofthe Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondaryeducation through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the Britishuniversities receive their remaining funds from all the followingsources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporatecontributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educationalqualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General NationalVocational Qualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regardedas the “Big Three” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The DailyTelegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC andis popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soapopera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging goodwishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families travelingoverseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British exceptA .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s ChristmasmessageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD.Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and AmericanIndians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan ofD .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people ofPennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired inB .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD.Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assumethe functions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second ContinentalCongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress ofConfederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of thetwo world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD.appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of theGreat Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD.Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and itcontinued throughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D.17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rightsand freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must beD .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D andyears respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD.six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD.nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators andrepresentativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization ofthe U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the ownersof plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus inthe agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD.chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British Kingor Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with theurge of D .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrialrevolution” except D .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD.refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducingvarious programs like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. onefifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farmenterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern betweenagricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinationalfirms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobileindustry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. AmericanMotors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionalsis responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receivea degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondaryand higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD.private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementaryschool students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and businesseducationC. science and social studiesD. music and physicaleducation3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding ofB .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of Americanhigher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board oftrustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are requiredto do the following except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated anyAmerican President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class andit has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the PublicBroadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the AmericanBroadcasting System (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD.July 14th。

英美国家概况课后习题答案Chapter 1 land and people1.what are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian.2.Describe the geographical position of Britian?Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.3.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands.4.Does Britain have a favourable climate? why?Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot.It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.It has a small range of temperature,too.5.what are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?The factors which influence the climate in Britain are the following three:1)The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;2)the prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate;3)the North Atlantic Drift,a warm current,passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The northwestern part has the most rainfall,while the south-eastern corner is the driest.6.Des cribe the distribution of Britain’s population.Britain has a population of 57 million. It is densely populated, with an average of7.What do you know about king Alfred ? What makes him worthy of the title of “Alfred the Great”?Alfred was the king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes who attacked England and reached an agreement with them in 879. The Danes gained control of the north and east, while Alfred ruled the rest. He also converted some leading Danes into Christains.Alfred is known as “the father of the British navy” as he founded a strong fleet to beat the Danes at sea, to protect the coasts and to encourage trade. He recogonized the Saxon army to make it more efficient. He even translated Bede’s Ecclesiastial History of the English people from Latin to English. He also establish schools and formulated a legal system. All this makes him worthy of his title”Alfred the Great”.8.Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?It was said the king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So , William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.9.what were the consequences of the Norman conquest?The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history, It brought about many consequences.William confiscated almost the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxons rule with a strong Norman government.So the feudal system was conpletely established in England. Relations with the continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Normand-French culture,language,manners,and architecture were introduced.The church was brought into closer connection with Roma,and the courts were separated from the civil courts.10.Why do we say that the English nation is a mixture of nationalities of different orgins?The population of Britain is made up of the English ,the Scotish,the Welsh,the Irish,the Northern Irish and other peoples. The formation is complicated because England was invaded by different races at various times from Europe.Besides the early settles,the Iberians,and the Celts,including Gaels and Britons, Roman。

英美国家概况答案【篇一：英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)】er 81. how is the american population distributed?the distribution of the american population is rather uneventhe most densely populated region is the northeastern part ofthe country. the great plains have a comparatively smallpopulation .the south also has a population of almost57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for somemetropolitan centers like los angeles and san francisco . it hasabout 20% of the nation ’s population.2. why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?the new immigrants in the united states , being poor andaccustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very lowwages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrantswould ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led tothe immigration act of 1942.chapter 91. why did american change its policy and enter world war ii?because of the formation of the axis , the americangovernment feared that the axis countries were wining the warand it might threaten america ’s security and interests . itbegan to provide war equipment to the foreign nationsresisting the aggression of the axis power . the japanese airraid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for america ’sentrance into the war.2. what were nixon ’s w e-l k l nown contributions during his presidency?a) brought the vietnam war to a close b)reestablishing u.s.relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with theformer soviet union .3. what were the contents of reagan ’s economic program?reagan ’s economic program called for reductions in incometaxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment ,and it also requested that many government regulations beeliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’s role in the day-to-day operation of business. chapter 101. what are the two characteristics of the u.s. constitution?one is “checks and balances ”, the other is that the power ofthe central government and the powers of state governmentsare specified.2. what are the qualifications for a senator and arepresentative respectively?a senator must be over 30 years old , a u.s. citizen for at leastnine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . arepresentative should be at least 25 years old and a u.s. citizenfor no less than seven years.3. what are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve theconstitution or national lawsd) may declare a lawunconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. what is the difference between the democrats and therepublicans in terms of political opinions?the democrats want the government to play an important rolein the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter ofnational concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong socialsecurity system which gives enterprises a greater freedomand demand that the government control inflation. they stressthe need for law and order, and oppose complete governmentsocial programs and free choice of abortion they also favor astrong military posture and assertive stand in internationalrelations.chapter 111. what industry developments took place during the colonialperiod of america?during the colonial period ,the secondary industriesdeveloped as the colonies grew . a variety of specializedsawmills and gristmills appeared. colonists establishedshipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they alsobuilt small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in america had become clear.2. how did the civil war affect the american economy?after the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. why does america try to reduce trade barriers?because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.chapter 121. how does an american university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the sat.2. what functions do american higher education institutions perform?higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. what similarities do four famous university share?they all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. what are the origins of thanksgiving day?thanksgiving is associated with the time when europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. during the following summer the native america helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. so they held a big celebration to thank god and the native americans.第四大题chapter 81．why is the united states regarded as a ”melting pot ”anda ”salad bowl ”?the united states is not merely a nation,but a nation ofnations.the immigrants came in waves,including theeuropeans,the africans and the asians.therefore,america isdescribed as amelting potwhere various racial and ethnicgroups are assimilate into american culture.recently,americahas been called asalad bowlin that people of difference racesand ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keeptheir distinct culture and customs.2．what do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society? the best possible way to help assimilation in a multiculturalsociety is to be open and tolerant toward differentcultures.people from different racial and ethnic backgroundsshould respect each other.society should create opportunitiesto help immigrants become assimilated.at the same time theimmigrants should keep their own language,customs andreligion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.chapter 91. what was the cause of the american civil war?the southern planters of america needed a large number ofblack african slaves to manage their plantations and theyregarded the slaves as their property.in the north,with thedevelopment of industry,there was a growing demand for freelabor.what ’s more,hte northerners demanded a law to protecttariffs and asked the government to finance the building ofrailways and roads.but the southerners were against it andadvocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods fromforeign countries.the accumulating conflicts led to the divisionof the north and the south and finally the american civil war.2. what made the united states a powerful country by the endof world war ii?during the two world wars,america remained neutral in theearly stage.however, americans continued their profitabletrade with the warring countries.therefore,they not onlyretained their military forces,but also accumulated greatwealth.when america entered the wars,it was almost at the endof the wars.by sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,america greatly strengthened its power and became apowerful country by the end of world war ii.chapter 101. how is the american president voted into office? what areyour ideas about the american election?each party holds its national convention every four years tochoose a candidate for presidency.to win a presidentialelection,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel allover the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.thegeneral election is technically divided into two stages.duringthe first stage,presidential electors for each state will bechosen.in the second stage the electors meet and vote a president.since the second stage is only a kind offormality,everyone knows who will be the next president ansoon as the first stage is over.i think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.and, the election cannot solve the social andeconomic problems of the u.s. as some candidates do notkeep their word after they become president.2. what was president eisenhowers foreign policy and whatwere the consequences ?president eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the coldwar.he placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strengthto prevent the outbreak of war.he also frequently authorizedthe cia to undertake secret interventions to overthrowunfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communistleaders whose power was threatened.the cia helped topple the governments of iran and guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in indonesia.in addition,eisenhower usedu.s.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in south vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the united states.chapter 111. how did the u.s constitution lay the groundwork for american ’s economic development ?the u.s.constitution,as an economic charter,established thatthe entire nation was a unified or commonmarket.there wereno tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.it provided that thefederal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.the last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of intellectual property,a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in americas economic development.the government has always played an active and importantrole in america ’s economic development.in the early 1930s,thr united states suffered the worst economic depression in american history.president roosevelt introduced the new dealto tackle the financial crisis.besides,he set up the new yorkstate emergency relief commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.atthe end of 1970s, the american economy again suffered a recession.the reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes andraising interest rates.both policies mentioned above helped toset the country ’s economic development on its right course,in all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.ithas prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.chapter 121. what are the ideals that guide the american educational system?the first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .the second ideal isthat of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . the third ideal is that scholars and students shouldwork to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. how does america carry out multicultural education?american schools routinely teach the experiences and valuesof many ethnic cultures.current textbooks incorporate a varietyof ethnic individuals who have achieved success.struggle for。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented、(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC、(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons、(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century、(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will、(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century、(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France、(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople、(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory、(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation、(T)1、The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410、A、NormanB、DanishC、CelticD、Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England、A、Celtic ChristianityB、Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC、Germanic ChristianityD、Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B 、A、St、AugustineB、Edward the ConfessorC、William the ConquerorD、Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England、A、Viking invasionB、signing of the Magna CartaC、Norman ConquestD、Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C 、A、the House of ValoisB、the House of YorkC、the House of TudorD、the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA 、A、divorce his wifeB、break with RomeC、support the ProtestantsD、declare his supreme power over thechurch7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B 、A、Protestants and PuritansB、Royalists andParliamentariansC、nobles and peasantsD、aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution、A、Bill of RightsB、Act of SupremacyC、Provisions of OxfordD、Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the Ccentury、A、17thB、18thC、19thD、20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century、A、17thB、18thC、19thD、20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of theBritish government、(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history、(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers、(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations、(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House、(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected、(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament、(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament、(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law、(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice、(F)1、The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the C 、A、judiciaryB、legislatureC、monarchyD、executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D 、A.passing the bills B、advising the governmentC、political partiesD、public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the Houseof Commons、A、rivalB、complementC、criticizeD、inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A 、A、collective responsibilityB、individual responsibilityC、defending the collectivismD、defending theindividuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B 、A、make decisionsB、give adviceC、pass billsD、supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years、A、threeB、fourC、fiveD、six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law、A、WalesB、EnglandC、ScotlandD、Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system、A、single-partyB、two-partyC、three-partyD、multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD 、A、government interventionB、nationalization of enterprisesC、social reformD、a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A 、A、set up the National Health ServiceB、improved publictransportationC、abolished the old tax systemD、enhanced the economic development Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world、(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period、(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain、(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems、(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party、(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy、(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products、(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish、(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history、(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain、(T)1、The British economy achieved global dominance by the C 、A、1860sB、1870sC、1880sD、1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state、A、1945B、1946C、1947D、19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain、A、oil crisisB、high inflation ratesC、large importsD、unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform、A、reducing child benefitsB、shortening the unemployment benefitsperiodC、reducing the unemploymentD、lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects exceptD 、A、limiting government spendingB、keeping inflation undercontrolC、reducing unemploymentD、reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture、A、54%B、64%C、74%D、84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D 、A、the North SeaB、the English ChannelC、The sea area around IrelandD、The sea area between Britain andIreland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed inthe country、A、1/3B、1/4C、1/5D、2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A 、A、foreign-ownedB、state-ownedC、joint-ventureD、privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II、A、AgricultureB、energy industryC、service industryD、manufacturingindustryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s、(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15、(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system、(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination、(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools、(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain、(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening、(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world、(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions、(T)1、In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D 、A、1930sB、1940sC、1950sD、1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system、A、5%B、6%C、7%D、8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except B 、A、tuition feesB、loansC、donationsD、corporatecontributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities、A、result in national entrance testB、A-level resultC、an interviewD、school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B 、A、some educational qualificationsB、no educationalqualificationsC、General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD、General National V ocationalQualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of C 、A、The TimesB、The GuardianC、The ObserverD、The DailyTelegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide、A、featureB、dramaC、documentaryD、soapopera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider、A、BSBB、SkyTVC、BBCD、BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays、A、families getting togetherB、friends exchanging good wishesC、friends enjoying each other’s companyD、families traveling overseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A 、A、Trooping the ColorB、Queen’s Christmas messageC、Boxing DayD、Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus、(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson、(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation、(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War、(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment、(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait、(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001、(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil"、(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq、(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army、(T)1、The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in 、A、Jamestown, LouisianaB、Boston, MassachusettsC、Jamestown, VirginiaD、Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England、A、ProtestantsB、PuritansC、CatholicsD、Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C 、A、French and American IndiansB、French and SpaniardsC、French and BritishD、British and American Indians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D 、A、the settlers of VirginiaB、the people ofPennsylvaniaC、the colonists in New EnglandD、the people of the 13 colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in B 、A、ConcordB、LexingtonC、PhiladelphiaD、Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government、A、the First Continental CongressB、the Second ContinentalCongressC、the Boston Tea PartyD、the Congress ofConfederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves、A、Declaration of IndependenceB、ConstitutionC、Emancipation ProclamationD、Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two worldwars、A、neutralityB、full involvementC、partial involvementD、appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression、A、WilsonB、TrumanC、RooseveltD、Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents D 、A、Johnson, Nixon and FordB、Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC、Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD、Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787、(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law、(T)3.The U、S、Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords、(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress、(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts、(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system、(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology、(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice、(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality、(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention、(T)1、The U、S、Constitution came into effect in B 、A、1787B、1789C、1791D、17932.The Constitution of the United States C 、A、gives the most power to CongressB、gives the most power to the PresidentC、tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD、gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B 、A、defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB、guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedomsC、is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD、has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights、A、freedom of religionB、the right to get into people’s house by policeC、freedom of speech and of pressD、the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal、A、the SenatorB、the RepresentativeC、the Secretary of StateD、the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President、A、vetoing any bills passed by CongressB、appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC、making lawsD、issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D 、A、at least 35 years oldB、at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC、born in AmericaD、all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively、A、two, fourB、two, threeC、two, sixD、six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices、A、sixB、sevenC、eightD、nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C 、A、all citizens of AmericaB、the citizens over 18 years oldC、electors elected by the votersD、the senators and representativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation、(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses、(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U、S、(T)4.In the U、S、Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified、(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products、(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s、(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses、(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade、(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry、(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade、(F)1、America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C 、A、machineryB、automobilesC、oreD、chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to 、A、colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB、farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC、colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD、handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King orQueen、A、political authorityB、economic rightsC、judicial authorityD、diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD 、A、George WashingtonB、Thomas JeffersonC、Andrew JacksonD、Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except D 、A、typewriterB、telephoneC、electric lightD、refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society”by introducing variousprograms like the following except D 、A、MedicareB、Food StampsC、Education InitiativesD、Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export、A、halfB、one thirdC、one fourthD、one fifth8.The following statements are all true except B 、A、Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises、B、Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports、C、Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms、D、Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures、9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry、A.Ford B、General Motors C、Chrysler D、AmericanMotors10.At present, U、S、exports account for A of the world’s total、A、10%B、15%C、20%D、25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America、(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education、(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten、(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation、(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality、(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration、(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree、(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States、(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters、(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November、(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary andhigher education、A、kindergartenB、publicC、elementaryD、private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary schoolstudents、A、mathematics and languagesB、politics and businesseducationC、science and social studiesD、music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B 、A、Yale UniversityB、Harvard UniversityC、Princeton UniversityD、New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American highereducation、A、universities and collegesB、research institutionsC、technical institutionsD、community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees inU、S、institutions、A、choosing the presidentB、establishing policies for administrators and facultyC、approving budget and other financial projectD、decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do thefollowing except C 、A、attending lectures and completing assignmentsB、passing examinationsC、working for communitiesD、earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet、A、Harvard UniversityB、Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyC、Princeton UniversityD、Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has areputation for its serious attitude and great bulk、A、The Washington PostB、The New York TimesC、Los Angeles TimesD、New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America、A、the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B、the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C、the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D、the American BroadcastingSystem (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B 、A、June 4thB、July 4thC、June 14thD、July 14th。

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program cal led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

8. cen tury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th Chapter 21. The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2. The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8 th and 5th centuriesBC.(T)3. The n ame of Britai n came from a Celtic tribe--- the Brit on s.(T)4. The An glo--Sax ons came to Brita in in the mid--5th cen tury.(T)5. The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6. The Viki ngs bega n to attack the En glish coast in the t 8 cen tury.(T)7. He nry II built up a large empire which in cluded En gla nd and most of Fran ce.(T)8. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the tow nspeople.(F)9. The Hun dred Years' War was a series of wars fought betwee n En gla nd andNorma ns foe trade and territory.(F)1O.ln an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,QueenElizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T) 1. The D attack on Rome en ded the Roma n occupati on in Britai n in 410.A. NormanB. Da nishC. CelticD. Germa nic2. By the late 7th century, _D _____ became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic Christia nityB. An glo-Saxon Christia nityC. Germa nic Christia nityD. Roma n Christia nity3. Westmi nster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. August ineB. Edward the Con fessorC. William the Con querorD. Alfred the Great4. The C marked the establishme nt of feudalism in En gla nd.A. Viki ng inv asi onB. sig ning of the Magna CartaC. Norma n Conq uestD. Adopti on of com mon law5. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lan caster6. The direct cause for the Religious Reformati on was Ki ng Henry VIII 'effort toA_.A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the Protesta ntsD. declare his supreme power over the churchThe En glish Civil War broke out in 1642 between B __ .A. Protesta nts and Purita nsB. Royalists and Parliame ntaria nsC. n obles and peasa ntsD. aristocrats and Christia ns A was passed after the Glorious Revolutio n.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisio ns of OxfordD. Mag na Carta9. The In dustrial Revoluti on was accomplished in Brita in by the middle of the _C7.10. Brita in faced stro ng challe nges in its global imperial dominance by the beg inning of theD _ century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31. C onven ti ons are regarded less importa nt tha n com mon law in the worki ng of the British gover nmen t.(F)2. The British mon archy has n ever bee n in terrupted throughout the history.(F)3.ln reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4. British Parliame nt is the law--maki ng body of the Common wealth of Natio ns.(F)5. Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6. The members in the House of Commons are appo in ted rather tha n elected.(F)7. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliame nt.(F)9. British law con sists of two parts,the civil law and the crim in al law.(T)10. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British gover nment is characterized by a divisi on of powers betwee n three ofthe followi ng bran ches with the excepti on of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. mon archyD. executive2. The importa nee of the British mon archy can be see n in its effect on D .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B ______ the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. compleme ntC. criticizeD. in spect4. British Cabinet works on the prin ciple of A .A. collective resp on sibilityB. i ndividual resp on sibilityC. defe nding the collectivismD. defe nding the in dividuals5. The main duty of the British Privy Coun cil is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. In Britai n, the parliame ntary gen eral electio n is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C ___ has a distinet legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. En gla ndC. Scotla ndD. Northern Irela nd8. Gen erally speak ing, the British Parliame nt operates on a B system.A. sin gle-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD_ .A. gover nment in terve ntio nB. n ati on alizati on of en terprisesC. social reformD. a belief in in dividualism10. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A ______A. set up the Nati onal Health ServiceB. improved public tran sportatio nC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhan ced the econo mic developme ntChapter 41. Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2. The British economy experie need a relative decli ne duri ng the postwar period.(T)3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that preve nted rapid econo mic developme nt in Brita in .(F)4. Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econi mic and social problems.(F)5. The econo mic approach adopted by Tony Blair is differe nt from that of the Labor party and the Con servative Party.(T)6. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and econo mic policy.(T)7. Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8. The fish ing in dustry provides more tha n 50%of Brita in's dema nd for fish.(T)9. Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10. Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2. In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B.1946C.1947D.19483. The A in the early 1970s worse ned an already stag nant economy in Brita in.A. oil crisisB. high in flati on ratesC. large importsD. un employme nt problem4. Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform.A. reduci ng child ben efitsB. shorte ning the un employme nt ben efits periodC. reduci ng the un employme ntD. loweri ng old age pensions5. The Blair government has been successfuI in all the following aspects exceptD __ .A. limiti ng gover nment spe ndingB. keep ing in flati on un der con trolC. reduci ng un employme ntD. reduci ng in equality6. Brita in has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7. Britai n's importa nt fish ing areas in clude all the followi ng except D ___ .A. the North SeaB. the En glish Cha nnelC. The sea area around Irela ndD. The sea area betwee n Brita in and Irela nd8. Coal mining industry in Britain provides B _______ of the energy consumed inthe coun try.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39. The car in dustry in Britai n in mostly A .A. foreig n-ownedB. state-ow nedC. joi nt-ve ntureD. privately-ow ned10. Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experieneed spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industryChapter 51. The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)2. Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3. The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the in depe ndent system.(F)4. When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE exami natio n.(T)5. Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7. Most British people beg in their day with read ing the morning n ewspaper and end it watch ing televisi on in the eve nin g.(T)8. The Timesis the world's oldest n ati onal n ewspaper(F)9. The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian cale ndar, and others are related to local customs and traditi on s.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1960s2. About B of British childre n receive primary and sec on dary educatio n through the in dependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the followi ng sources except B .A. tuiti on feesB. loa nsC. don ati onsD.corporate con tributi ons4. Of the following, _A _________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain 'uni versities.A. result in n ati onal entrance testB. A-level resultC. an in terviewD. school refere nces5. To be admitted to the Ope n Uni versity, one n eed B .A. some educatio nal qualificatio nsB. no educati onal qualificatio nsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvaneedD.General National Vocational Qualifications6. Among Britain 'quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as theBigThree” with the excepti on of C .A. The TimesB. The Guardia nC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7. Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. docume ntaryD. soap opera8. D ___ is Britain 'top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9. Of the followi ng, D is NOT a com mon feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families gett ing togetherB. frie nds excha nging good wishesC. frie nds enjoying each others compa nyD. families traveli ng overseas10. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Troop ing the ColorB. Queen's Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pan tomimeChapter 91. America was n amed after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2. The sec ond Con ti nen tal Con gress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continen tal Army and Navy were foun ded un der the comma nd of Thomas Jeffers on .(F)3. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4. Ma ny America n people approved of the Viet nam War.(F)5. During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of un employme nt.(T)6.ln 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7. Accord ing to the America n admi nistrati on, Saddam Husse in and Osama bin Lade n were resp on sible for the terrorist eve nt on September11,2001.(F)8. The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other coun tries, bega n an inv asi on of Iraq.(F)10. Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide whe n to withdraw its army.(T)1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at _________ Cin ______ .A. Jamestow n, Louisia naB. Bost on, MassachusettsC. Jamestow n, Virgi niaD. Plymouth, Georgia2. Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B _________ who came to America to avoidpersecuti on in En gla nd.A. Protesta ntsB. Purita nsC. CatholicsD. Christia ns3. The Seve n YearsWar occurred betwee n the C .A. French and America n In dia nsB. French and Spa ni ardsC. French and BritishD. British and America n In dia ns4. No taxation without representatior” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of Virgi niaB. the people of Penn sylva niaC. the colo nists in New En gla ndD. the people of the 13 coloniesA. n eutralityB. full invo Iveme ntC. partial invo Iveme ntD. appeaseme nt9. Preside nt C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depressi on.A. Wils onB. Truma nC. RooseveltD. Kenn edy10. The Viet nam War was a Ion g-time sufferi ng for America ns, and it continued throughout the terms of Preside nts D .A. Joh nson, Nix on and FordB. Truma n, Eise nhower and Kenn edyC. Kenn edy, Joh nson and NixonD. Eise nhower, Kenn edy and Joh nsonChapter 101. Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2. The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separati on of powers, and respect for the Con stituti on and the rule of law.(T)3. The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5. The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6. Like Britain, the United States has a two-party system.(T)7. The Democratic Party is con servative in terms of its ideology.(F)8. America n preside ntial campaig n adheres to the "wi nn er-take-all" practice.(T)9. America n foreig n policy throughout the World War II was n eutrality.(F)10. American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and in terve ntio n.(T)1. The U. S. Con stituti on came into effect in B ____ .A.1787B.1789C.1791D.17932. The Con stituti on of the Un ited States C .A. gives the most power to Con gressB. gives the most power to the Preside ntC. tries to give each branch eno ugh power to bala nee the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3. The Bill of Rights B .A. defi nes the rights of Con gress and the rights of the Preside ntB. guara ntees citize ns of the Un ited States specific in dividual rights and freedoms5. 6. 7. 8. The first shots of the America n War of In depe ndence were fired in B A. Con cord B. Lex ington In May 1775, __B _____ was held functions of a n atio nal gover nment. A. the First Con ti nen tal Con gress C. the Boston Tea Party Abraham Lincoln issued C ______ A. Declarati on of In depe ndence C. Eman cipatio n Proclamati on The policy of the United States was - wars. in C. Philadelphia D. Boston Philadelphia and bega n to assume the B. the Sec ond Continen tal Con gress D. the Con gress of Con federati on to grant freedom to all slaves. B. Con stituti on D. Bill of RightsC. is part of the Declarati on of In depe ndenceD. has no relati on ship with the Con stituti on4. The followi ng except B are guara nteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religi onB. the right to get into people'house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one' weapon if one wishes5. All the followi ng except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the Sen atorB. the Represe ntativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the Preside nt6. The followi ng except C are all powers of the Preside nt.A. veto ing any bills passed by Con gressB. appo inting federal judges whe n vaca ncies occurC. maki ng lawsD. issu ing executive orders7. Accord ing to the Con stituti on, a can didate for Preside nt must be D __ .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 yearsresident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8. The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and ______________ yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9. The Supreme Court is composed of D _____ justices.A. sixB. seve nC. eightD. nine10. The Preside nt is directly voted into office by C .A. all citize ns of AmericaB. the citize ns over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the sen ators and represe ntativesChapter 111. America is the world's largest in dustrial n ati on. (T)2. America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over bus in esses.(F)3. Charter compa nies con tributed to Britai n's successful coloni zati on of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be ide ntified.(T)5. Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6. President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7. The 1960s was a period of con solidati on for the America n bus in esses.(F)8. American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural bala nee of trade.(T)9. Auto product ion is one of the importa nt sectors in America n manu facturi ng in dustry.(T)10. The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreig n1. America produces a major portion of the world ' products in the following fields except C .A. mach ineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2. The moder n America n economy progressed from C to _____________ , andeve ntually, to _____ .A. colonial economy, han dcraft economy, in dustrial economyB. farmi ng economy, han dcraft economy, in dustrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, in dustrial economyD. han dcraft economy, farmi ng economy, in dustrial economy3. Chartered compa nies were NOT gran ted the D _____ by the British Ki ng orQuee n.A. political authorityB. econo mic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD __ .A. George Wash ingtonB. Thomas Jeffers onC. An drew Jacks onD. Alexa nder Hamilt on5. The follow ing inven tio ns took place duri ng the §ec ond in dustrial revoluti on” except D .A. typewriterB. teleph oneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6. Preside nt Joh nson tried to build a Great Society" by in troduc ing various programs likethe followi ng except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Educati on In itiativesD. Un employme nt Pension7. About ___ B ___ of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. on e fifth8. The followi ng stateme nts are all true except B .A. Agribus in esses reflect the big, corporate n ature of many farm en terprises.B. Agribus in esses maintain a bala need trade patter n betwee n agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribus in esses range from on e-family corporati ons to mult in ati onal firms.D. Agribus in esses in clude a variety of farm bus in esses and structures.9. D is notone of the three gia nts in America n automobile in dustry.A. FordB. Ge neral MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10. At prese nt, U. S. exports acco unt for A of the world 'total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 121. Educatio n is governed by state and local gover nments in stead of the n atio nal gover nment in America.(T)2. All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduati5. Whe n select ing a college or uni versity, un dergraduate stude nts have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.ln American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is resp on sible for the adm ini strati on .(F)7. Usually, an un dergraduate stude nt has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8. Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.lt is The New York Timeshat first un covered the Watergate Scan dal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1. Formal educati on in the Un ited States con sists of C , sec on dary and higher educatio n.A. kin dergarte nB. publicC. eleme ntaryD. private2. Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary school stude nts.A. mathematics and Ian guagesB. politics and bus in ess educati onC. scie nee and social studiesD. music and physical educati on3. Higher educati on in the Un ited States bega n with the founding of B .A. Yale Un iversityB. Harvard Un iversityC. Prin cet on Un iversityD. New York Un iversity4. Of the followi ng, B are NOT among the categories of America n higher educati on.A. uni versities and collegesB. research in stituti onsC. tech ni cal in stituti onsD. com mun ity colleges5. Of the followi ng, D is NOT the resp on sibility of the board of trustees in U. S. in stituti ons.A. choos ing the preside ntB. establishi ng policies for admi nistrators and facultyC. appro ving budget and other finan cial projectD. decide which stude nt to en roll6. To get a bachelor's degree, all undergraduate students are required to do thefollow ing except C .A. atte nding lectures and completi ng assig nmentsB. pass ing exam in atio nsC. work ing for com mun itiesD. earning a certa in nu mber of credits7. Of the following universities, B _________ has NOT cultivated any AmericanPreside nt yet.A. Harvard Un iversityB. Massachusetts In stitute of Tech no logyC. Prin cet on Un iversityD. Yale Un iversity8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washi ngton PostB. The New York TimesC. Los An geles TimesD. New York Daily News9. Of the following, B ________ is NOT among the three major radio and TVn etworks in America.A. the Natio nal Broadcast ing System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcast ing Service(PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System(ABS)10. The Natio nal Day of the Uni ted States falls on B .A. Ju ne 4thB. July 4thC. Ju ne 14thD. July 14th。

英美国家概况课后习题英美概况课后习题Chapter 1 The Land (P8)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The full and official name of Great Britainchanged into its present-day form in theyear of .A. 1920B. 1927C. 1914D. 1945(B)2. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)3. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber(D)4. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)5. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell(D)6. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three(A)7. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs(C) 8. The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in ___________.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North SeaIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The Strait of Dover 多佛海峡3.The English Channel英吉利海峡4.Greenwich格林威治8.The Britain Isles 大不列颠群岛13.The Thames River 泰晤士河14.The Severn River 塞汶河ke Neigh 讷湖ke District 湖区18.Edinburgh爱丁堡19.Glasgow格拉斯哥20.Cardiff加的夫Questions1.3 features of British climateWinter fogRainy daysInstability/changeabilityChapter 2 The People (P17)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)2. The English people are descendants of .A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes(C)3. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. NormanD. Danish(A)6. The established church of Britain is .A. The Church of EnglandB. Free churchC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of Scotland(A)7. Which of the following religious sects does not belong to Free Churches?A. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. QuakersC. MethodistsD. Baptists(A)8. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.A. ComingB. BirthC. DeathD. ResurrectingII．Blank filling2.The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the Celts.8. Most of the British social customs are based on the Christian tradition.III. Match the names of the cities with the descriptions.Column A Column B__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain__c__2.Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain__g__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside__b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain__d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside__e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland__i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland__h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.Old English 古英语2.Middle English 中期英语3.Modern English 现代英语4.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会6.Christmas 圣诞节7.Easter 复活节8.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂11.City of London 伦敦城12.Outer London 外伦敦13.Poets' Corner 诗人角14. Birmingham 伯明翰Questions2. Westminster AbbeyIt is a large, mainly Gothic church, the traditional place of coronation and burial site for British monarchs. Particularly in poets’Corner, many famous men and women are buried.3.ShakespeareGreat Tragediesa)Hamletb)Othelloc)King Leard)MacbethGreat Comediese)The Merchant of Venicef)The Twelfth Nightg)A Midsummer Night’s Dreamh)As you Like ItChapter 4 Parliament and Government (P35)I. Choices1.Which of the following statement is NOT true of British political system?A.B ritain has no codified constitution.B.Britain is a federal state.C.B ritain still keeps an old-fashioned government.D.B ritish government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.3. A bill that deals with finance is always introduced __________.A. by the Chancellor of the ExchequerB. in the House of Lords.C. in the House of CommonsD. in the Privy Council4. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of ___________.A. the QueenB. the Prime ministerC. the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords5. The British government ministers areresponsible to ___________ for the work of their department.A. t he House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the CabinetD. the Privy Council6. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of __________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament8. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden _________________.A. to be voters at electionsB. to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changesD. to compete with others for a higher rankII. Blank Filling1. The British government is established on thebasis of constitutional monarchy.2. The present sovereign of Britain is Queen Elisabeth II, and Prince Charles is the heir to the throne.4. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain.5. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.6. The president of the House of Lord is the Lord Chancellor, and the presiding officer of the House of Commons is “Mr. Speaker”.III. Translate the following into Chinese1. the House of Lords贵族院亦称上院2. the House of Commons平民院亦称下院3. the Lord Chancellor大法官5. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office外交及联邦事务部6. the Home Office内政部IV. Explain the following in Chinese2. Mr. Speaker下院议长3. the Cabinet内阁Questions4.What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consist of?The supreme legislative authority rests with Parliament, which consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.5.The Privy CouncilThe Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King. So the Privy Council was also called the King’s Council in history. Today its role is largely formal, advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.Chapter 5 Party Politics and Judiciary (P35) I．Choices1.The conservative and the Labour parties havebeen in power by turns ever since_____________.A. the end of the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the end of the Second World WarD. the end of 1960s2.The general election in Britain is held every ____________ year.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 67. The party that has the majority of seats in_________ will form the government in Britain.A. the house of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the privy CouncilD. the Cabinet14. The Famous “Scotland Yard” refers to____________.A. CIAB. CID D. New Scotland Yard D. House of ParliamentII. Blank Filling2. The conservative party developed out of the Tory Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the Whig party.4. For the election purpose, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which elects one member of the House of Parliament.III. Translate the following into Chinese6. the Lord Chancellor大法官7. Home Secretary内政大臣Chapter 6 Early Man and the Feudal Society (P54)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________.A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons(B) 2. From 700 B.C., the Celts came from the ________ and began to inhabit British isles.A. Iberian PeninsulaB. Upper RhinelandC. Lower RhinelandD. Scandinavian countries(B) 3. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. AugustineD. the Pope(B) 4.Roman Britain lasted until the year of______ when all Roman troops went backto the continent.A.400 A.D.B. 410 A.D.C.445A.D. D.449 A.D.(D) 5.Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?A.Welsh ChristianityB. the RomanRoads C. cities D. enormouswealth(A) 6.In the middle of fifth century,Anglo-Saxons came from the region of_____ and the low Countries and settled inBritain.A.DenmarkB. NorwayC.Germany D. Holland(D) 8.Which of the follow kingdoms was NOT set up by Angle?A. NorthumbriaB. MerciaC. East AngliaD. Kent(A) 9.Which of the follow kingdoms was set up by the Jutes?A. KentB. SussexC. WessexD. Essex(C) 13. “Doomsday Book”was in fact a record of each man’s _____________.A. experienceB. behaviorC. propertyD. reputation(B) 15.The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchantsV. Translate the following into Chinese1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服2. Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居3. Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy 盎格鲁撒克逊人七国时代5. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役6. “Doomsday Book ” 末日审判书7. the Great Charter 大宪章Questions6. All Estates Parliament 各级议会In 1265, Simon called a parliament with two knights from each shire and two citizens from each town. It was known as the “All Estates Parliament”.7. Model Parliament 模范议会Chapter 7 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois Revolution (P65) I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. _______ launched the Hundred Years’ War.A. Edward ⅠB. Edward ⅡC. Edward ⅢD. Henry Ⅲ(C) 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Hundred Years War was a feudal war.B. The Hundred Years War was a trade war.C. The Hundred Years War lasted for one hundred years.D. The Hundred Years War is one of thehistorical events that marked thedecline of feudalism in Britain.(B) 3.From ______ onward, Parliament was divided into two chambers.A.1337B. 1343C.1453D.1455(D) 4.Black Death to some extent brought _______ to villains.A.Higher wagesB. greater freedomC. better lifeD. both A and B(D) 7.War of Roses were fought _____ betweenthe Lacastrians and the Yorkists from1455 to 1485.A. constantlyB. irregularlyC.continuously D. intermittently (D) 9.The House of Tudor was founded in _______.A. 1455B. 1465C. 1475D. 1485(C) 10.The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th(A) 11. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?A. the Renaissance was a revival ofinterest in many things that the earlyMiddle Ages had cared about.B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D. During the Renaissance, the theatreattained great popularity underElizabeth.(A) 12.The two centuries just before theoutbreak of the Bourgeois revolution were a period of ___.A. capital accumulationB. colonization abroadC. foreign territorialD. enlightenment(A）16.The King’s men at the beginning of the first Civil War were called ___________.A. CavaliersB. roundheadsC. PuritansD. Presbyterians(D) 19. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Commonwealth period?A. Cromwell suppressed the diggers.B. Cromwell killed Levelers in the army.C. Cromwell conquered Ireland.D. Cromwell restored the House of Stuart. (D) 20.The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne.A. Charles ⅠB. Charles ⅡC. James ⅡD. William of OrangeIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. the Enclosure 圈地运动2. Puritan 清教徒4. The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战7. Black Death 黑死病8. Cavaliers and Roundheads 骑士党和圆颅党Questions8. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝的复辟9. “glorious revolution” 光荣革命In 1688, the bourgeoisie staged a bloodless coup d’etat and put William of Orange on the throne, which came to be known as “the Glorious Revolution”.Chapter 8 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement (P74) Ⅰ.Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal-miningD. ship-building(A)2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt(D)3. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Productivity was greatly increased.B. Unskilled workers were employed.C. Many new cities sprang up.D. Workers’ living and working conditions were improved.Questions10. What were the consequences(结果) of theBritish Industrial Revolution?A: First, the industrial bourgeoisie(工业资产阶级) gained supremacy(最高权力,霸主地位) in the 1840s not only in the economic but also in the political life of the country. Second, productivity was greatly increased. Third, as a result of the growth of industry, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Chapter 9 The British Empire and British Imperialism (P84)Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The first British colony was .A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India(B)3. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.A. PekingB. NankingC. TientsinD. Canton(C)5. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ?A. foreign territorial expansionB.export of capitalC. free competitionD. monopoly(B)6. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ?A. GermanyB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. Italy(D)7. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy(D)8. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low(C)11. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?A. 1939B. 1940C. 1941D.1942(D) 12. The British Commonwealth of Nations isa ______________ organization.A. military A. cultural C. economic D. phony(B) 14. The underlying aim of Thatcherism is __________.A. nationalizationB. denationalizationC. cutting wagesD. increasing public expenditure(C)15. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of .A. the slow development of the British economyB. the high inflationC. the high rate of unemploymentD. the high rate of taxes(C)16. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950B. 1954C. 1972D. 1997Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese2. the Treaty of Nanking南京条约4. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦Chapter 10 The Land (P97)I. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.A. northernB. southernC. centralD. eastern(B)2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.A. thirdB. forthC. fifthD. sixth(C)3._____ is the largest state of the United States in area.A. HawaiiB. TexasC. AlaskaD. Pennsylvania(D)9. River _______ flows through New York City.A. MissouriB. St. LawrenceC. ColoradoD. Hudson(B)10. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake _______ iswholly within the US.A. SuperiorB. MichiganC. HuronD. Erie(C)11. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between_________.A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie.C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.D. Lake Superior and Lake Michigan（D）17. the deposits of _____________ in the US rank the first in the world.A. tinB. copperC. goldD. natural gas (A) 19. the _________ area rich in nonferrous metal deposits in the US.A. Western mountain rangesB. great PlainsC. Central LowlandD. Appalachian mountain range(D) 20. Which of the following is NOT in Washington D.C.?A. the US CapitolB. the white HouseC. Pentagon buildingD. the UN headquartersⅢ. Translate the following into Chinese1.Alaska: 阿拉斯加2.the Mississippi River: 密西西比河3.the Hudson River: 哈德逊河4.“Gold Rush”: 淘金热5.Hawaii: 夏威夷6.the “Motor City”: 汽车城7.the “Space City, U SA”: 美国航空城8.the Appalachian Mountains: 阿巴拉契亚山9.the Cordillera Range: 科罗拉多高原10.Niagara Falls: 尼亚加拉瀑布Ⅴ. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B.Column A Column B.1. __c_ Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US2. _ d _ New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US3. __a _ Chicago c. the seat ofthe federal government4. __b _ Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. Space City USA”6. __h _ Detroit f. he largest leather, shoe and wool market7. __e _ Houston g. the seat of the Continental Congress8. __j San Francisco h. “Motor City ,USA”9. _ f__ Boston i. one of Americans top steel-making areas10. i__ Pittsburgh j. the city that has the largest ChinatownChapter 11 The People (P107)Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.(B)1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is ____.A. the Black peopleB. WASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics(B)2. The ____ constitute the largestethnic-racial minority group in the United States.A. American IndiansB. HispanicsC. BlackD. Asian Americans(D)3. Race is different from ethnicity because its basis is ____.A. country of originB. religionC. language spokenD. skin color(A)4. The _ _are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. non-WASPsD. Asians(D)5. The state of ___ is the largest in population today.A. New YorkB. ColoradoC. ArizonaD. California(B)7. Hispanics in the US speak _____A. EnglishB. SpanishC. FrenchD. their native languages(D)9. ____ outnumber other religious groups in the United States.A. MethodistsB. CongregationalistsC. QuakersD. ProtestantsII. Blank Filling5. Black people in the US are descended from Negro slaves imported from Africa.8. In the 19th century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as “coolies”.12. Most of the Black people on the US Speak English, while the Hispanics speak Spanish. 13. In the US, Protestants outnumber other religious groups.Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese.1.”melting pot”: 大熔炉2.WASPs: 白人盎格鲁.撒克逊新教徒3.ethnicity 种族划分5.Hispanics 拉丁美洲人Questions11.Should the United States be amelting pot or a salad bowl?The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a “melting pot”, meaning people with different cultural and ethnicalbackgrounds immigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today.America is similar to a Salad Bowl, as every culture can find its position in American society. The immigrants may observe the shared culture of US while keeping their original identities.Chapter 13 Government System (P122)I. Choices(B) 2. The president of the United States exercises the ___________ power.A. legislativeB. executiveC. JudicialD. veto(A) 4. ___________ has the veto power in legislation in the United States.A. PresidentB. Vice-presidentC. Secretary of StateD. Speaker(B) 5. Congress can veto the President’s veto by a _____________ vote of the full membership of both houses.A. two-fifthsB. two-thirdsC. three-fourthsD. three-fifths(D) 6. Under the US Constitution, the Presidenthas the power to _________ without the consent of the Senate.A. appoint high officialsB. sign a treaty with other nationsC. declare war upon other nationsD. sign an executive agreement with othernations.(B) 7. The Constitution f the United States says that only _____________ can declare war upon other nations.A. the PresidentB. CongressC. Department of DefenseD. the national Security Council(B) 8. The department of __________ advises the President on foreign relations.A. DefenseB. stateC. CommerceD. Labor(C) 10. FBI and Federal Prisons are among the responsibilities of the Department of ________.A. stateB. DefenseC. JusticeD. Commerce(D) 13. The number of representatives from eachstate is fixed according to the size of __________ the State has.A. the territoryB. the economyC. the votersD. the population(B) 14. Representatives in the United Sates are elected _________________.A. annuallyB. every 2 yearsC. every 3 yearsD. every four years (C) 15. Impeachment of the President should be _______________.A. proposed by the Senate and decided on by the House.B. Proposed by the House and decided on by the Supreme CourtC. proposed by the House and decided on by the SenateD. proposed by the Senate and decided on the Supreme CourtII. Blank Filling1. The constitution of United States follows two principles: the federal system and the “separation of powers”.2. The constitution gives the executive power to the president alone.3. The Cabinet of the American government is made up of the heads of Departments.5. In the United States treaties signed by the President with other nations and officials appointed by him must be confirmed by the Senate.7. The Department of Sate is headed by the Sectary of State.IV. Translate the following into English1. Separation of powers三权分立2. the National Security Council国家安全理事会3.the Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局5.Congress国会6.the United states information Agency美国新闻总署7.the Supreme Court最高法院Questions:12. What are the two principles followed by the constitution? Explain each.The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government while the separation of powers means the three branches of the federal government are independent of each other, but each checks the other two (checks and balances). ment on the relationship between the President and Congress.If the president vetoes the bill passed by the congress, his veto may be overruled by atwo-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress and the bill became the law.Chapter 14 State Government and Party Politics (P135)I. Choices1. ___________ is the most important part of a state government.A. The executiveB. The legislatureC. The JudicialD. The governor3. The chief executive of a state is the ______________.A. governorB. sheriffC. Supreme CourtD. council8. Two political parties emerged in the middle of the 19th century united States over the issue of __________.A. slaveryB. the ConstitutionC. admission of new statesD. the economic development11. The General Election in the United States is held every ___________ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 15 The Early Colonization (P145)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)1. Christopher Columbus was a(n) _navigator .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. ItalianD. Spanish(A)2. The New World discovered by Columbus was named after .A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Marco Polo (B)3. The earliest British settlement on North America was .A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. QuebecD. St. Louis(B)4. The Puritans’ first settlement on North America was .A. JamestownB. PlymouthC. New OrleansD. Virginia(11) The Southern Colonies developed a __________ system with the exploitation of slave labor.A. industrialB. small farmC. plantationD. SlaveryIV. Translate the following into Chinese.1.American Indians 美洲印第安人2.Christopher Columbus 哥伦布5. Mayflower Compact 五月花公约6. Jamestown 詹姆士城7. New England 新英格兰10. self-governing colonies 自治殖民地Chapter 16 American Revolution (P155)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it .(C)10. The Second Continental Congress was held in .A. New York CityB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. Valley Forge(B)11. Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence .A. the first decision made by the Second Continental CongressB. the first declaration of the rights of the individualC. the first Bill of RightsD. the first Constitution of the United States (C) 13. The Constitutional Convention was heldin in May 1787 .A. BostonB. New YorkC. PhiladelphiaD. Washington D. C.IV. Translate the following into Chinese.4.the Stamp Act 印花税法5.the Sugar Act 糖税法6.Boston Massacre 波士顿屠杀案7.Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件9.the Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议10.the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言12. Bill of Rights 人权法案Questions:14.Translate the main idea of the Declaration of Independence into Chinese? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed bytheir Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angele s and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美国家概况课后习题答案Chapter 1 land and people1.what are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian.2.Describe the geographical position of Britian?Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.3.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands.4.Does Britain have a favourable climate? why?Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot.It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.It has a small range of temperature,too.5.what are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?The factors which influence the climate in Britain are thefollowing three:1)The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;2)the prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate;3)the North Atlantic Drift,a warm current,passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The northwestern part has the most rainfall,while the south-eastern corner is the driest.6.Des cribe the distribution of Britain’s population.Britain has a population of 57 million. It is densely populated, with an average of7.What do you know about king Alfred ? What makes him worthy of the title of “Alfred the Great”?Alfred was the king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes who attacked England and reached an agreement with them in 879. The Danes gained control of the north and east, while Alfred ruled the rest. He also converted some leading Danes into Christains.Alfred is known as “the father of the British navy” as he founded a strong fleet to beat the Danes at sea, to protect the coasts and to encourage trade. He recogonized the Saxon army to make it more efficient. He even translated Bede’s Ecclesiastial History of the English people from Latin to English. He also establish schools and formulated a legal system. All this makes him worthy of his title”Alfred the Great”.8.Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?It was said the king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So , William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killedhim. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.9.what were the consequences of the Norman conquest?The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history, It brought about many consequences.William confiscated almost the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxons rule with a strong Norman government.So the feudal system was conpletely established in England. Relations with the continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Normand-French culture,language,manners,and architecture were introduced.The church was brought into closer connection with Roma,and the courts were separated from the civil courts.10.Why do we say that the English nation is a mixture of nationalities of different orgins?The population of Britain is made up of the English ,the Scotish,the Welsh,the Irish,the Northern Irish and other peoples. The formation is complicated because England was invaded by different races at various times from Europe.Besides the early settles,the Iberians,and the Celts,including Gaels and Britons, Roman。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion inEngland.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-SaxonChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the MagnaCartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to A .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power overthe church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists andParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats andChristians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle ofthe C century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by thebeginning of the D century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the workingof the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout thehistory.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British UpperHouse.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various politicalparties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland aremuch similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers betweenthree of the following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD.executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect onD .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B theHouse of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individualresponsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending theindividuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD.supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every Cyears.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD.Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a Bsystem.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand D .A. government interventionB. nationalization ofenterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that itA .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved publictransportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economicdevelopmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problemsthat prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing withall the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that ofthe Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politicsand economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand forfish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts toestablish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economyin Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemploymentbenefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept D .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflationunder controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following exceptD .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britainand Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energyconsumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experiencedspectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturingindustryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the agesof 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to takea national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chanceto enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaperand end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events ofthe Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondaryeducation through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the Britishuniversities receive their remaining funds from all the followingsources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporatecontributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educationalqualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General NationalVocational Qualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regardedas the “Big Three” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The DailyTelegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC andis popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soapopera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging goodwishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families travelingoverseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British exceptA .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD.Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and AmericanIndians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan ofD .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people ofPennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired inB .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD.Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assumethe functions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second ContinentalCongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress ofConfederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of thetwo world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD.appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of theGreat Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD.Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and itcontinued throughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D.17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rightsand freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must beD .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D andyears respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD.six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD.nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators andrepresentativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization ofthe U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the ownersof plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus inthe agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD.chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British Kingor Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with theurge of D .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrialrevolution” except D .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD.refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducingvarious programs like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. onefifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farmenterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern betweenagricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinationalfirms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobileindustry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. AmericanMotors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionalsis responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receivea degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondaryand higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD.private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementaryschool students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and businesseducationC. science and social studiesD. music and physicaleducation3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding ofB .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of Americanhigher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board oftrustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are requiredto do the following except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated anyAmerican President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class andit has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the PublicBroadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the AmericanBroadcasting System (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD.July 14th。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion inEngland.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’seffort to A .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists andParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of theC century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning ofthe D century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the workingof the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather thanelected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD.executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect onD .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B theHouse of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending theindividuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise theCabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every Cyears.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. NorthernIreland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a Bsystem.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand D .A. government interventionB. nationalization ofenterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved publictransportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhancedthe economicdevelopmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts toestablish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economyin Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’ssocial welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefitsperiodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept D .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation undercontrolC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following exceptD .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energyconsumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experiencedspectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturingindustryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take anational GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondaryeducation through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universitiesreceive their remaining funds from all the following sources exceptB .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporatecontributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educationalqualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.GeneralNational VocationalQualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded asthe “Big Three” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The DailyTelegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC andis popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soapopera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging goodwishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families travelingoverseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British exceptA .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s ChristmasmessageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and AmericanIndians4.“No taxation without representation”was the rallying slogan ofD .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people ofPennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired inB .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second ContinentalCongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress ofConfederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of thetwo world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD.appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of theGreat Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD.Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and itcontinued throughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must beD .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six,two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 yearsoldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators andrepresentativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD.chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the BritishKing or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with theurge of D .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrialrevolution” except D .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD.refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. onefifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farmenterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern betweenagricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinationalfirms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive adegree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondaryand higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementaryschool students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and businesseducationC. science and social studiesD. music and physicaleducation3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding ofB .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of Americanhigher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board oftrustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required todo the following except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it hasa reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the PublicBroadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the AmericanBroadcasting System (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion inEngland.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effortto A .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists andParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of theC century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginningof the D century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the workingof the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD.executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect onD .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B theHouse of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending theindividuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise theCabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every Cyears.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. NorthernIreland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a Bsystem.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand D .A. government interventionB. nationalization ofenterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved publictransportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economicdevelopmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establisha welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economyin Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’ssocial welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefitsperiodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept D .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation undercontrolC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following exceptD .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energyconsumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturingindustryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondaryeducation through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universitiesreceive their remaining funds from all the following sources exceptB .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporatecontributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educationalqualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National VocationalQualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded asthe “Big Three” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The DailyTelegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soapopera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging goodwishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families travelingoverseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British exceptA .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F) 8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD.Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and AmericanIndians4.“No taxation without representation”was the rallying slogan ofD .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people ofPennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired inB .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assumethe functions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second ContinentalCongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress ofConfederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the twoworld wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD.appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of theGreat Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD.Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and itcontinued throughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must beD .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D andyears respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six,two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 yearsoldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators andrepresentativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturingindustry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD.chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to ,and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the BritishKing or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urgeof D .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrialrevolution” except D .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD.refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. onefifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farmenterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agriculturalimports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinationalfirms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondaryand higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementaryschool students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and businesseducationC. science and social studiesD. music and physicaleducation3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding ofB .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of Americanhigher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board oftrustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to dothe following except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it hasa reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the AmericanBroadcasting System (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。