上海市交大附中高一上学期期中试卷及答案
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上海交大附中高一上学期期中考试(数学)(满分100 分, 90 分钟完成,同意使用计算器,答案一律写在答题纸上)一.填空题:(共12 小题,每题 3 分)1.A={1},B={x|x A} ,用列举法表示会集 B 的结果为 _________ 。
2.已知会集 A={(x,y)|y=x+3}, B={(x,y)|y=3x-1} ,则 A ∩B=________ 。
3.写出 x>1 的一个必要非充分条件__________ 。
4.不等式11 的解集为_____________。
(用区间表示) x5.命题“已知 x、 y∈ R,若是 x+y ≠ 2,那么 x≠ 0 或 y≠ 2. ”是 _____ 命题。
(填“真”或“假”)6.2会集 A={x|(a-1)x+3x-2=0} 有且仅有两个子集,则a=_________ 。
7.若不等式 |ax+2|<6的解集为( -1 , 2),则实数 a 等于 _________ 。
8.不等式4x x2>x 的解集是 ____________ 。
9.已知 a2 +b 2=1 ,则a 1 b2的最大值为 ___________ 。
10.19和各代表一个自然数,且满足+ =1 ,则当这两个自然数的和取最小值时,=_______, =_______.11.已知会集A={-1 , 2} , B={x|mx+1>0},若 A ∪ B=B ,则实数 m 的取值范围是 _________ 。
12.若是关于x 的三个方程 x2 +4ax-4a+3=0 , x2+(a-1)x+a2=0 , x 2+2ax-2a=0 中,有且只有一个方程有实数解,则实数 a 的取值范围是_______________ 。
二.选择题:(共 4 小题,每题 3 分)13.设命题甲为“0<x<5 ”,命题乙为“|x-2|<3 ”,那么甲是乙的:()( A )充分非必要条件;(B)必要非充分条件;( C)充要条件;(D)既非充分又非必要条件14. 以下命题中正确的选项是:()( A )若 ac>bc ,则 a>b(B)若 a2>b 2,则 a>b11(D)若 a b ,则a<b( C)若,则 a<ba b15.设x>y>0,则以下各式中正确的选项是:()( A ) x> xy> xy >y ( B ) x> xy >xy>y22( C ) x>xy> y >xy ( D ) x> xy > y >x y2216. 以下每 中两个函数是同一函数的 数共有:()( 1 ) f(x)=x 2 +1 和 f(v)=v 2+1(2) y1 x2 和 y1 x 2| x 2 | x 2(3) y=2x , x ∈ {0,1} 和 y= 1 x 2 5 x 1, x ∈ {0,1}6 6 (4) y=1 和 y=x 0(5) y=x 1 x 2 和 yx 2 3x 2( 6 ) y=x 和 y 3x 3(A )1(B )3(C ) 2 (D )4三.解答题: (共 5 小 ,本大 要有必要的 程)17. (本 8 分)已知会集A x x a 1 , Bx x 2 5x 4 0 ,且 AB ,求 数 a 的取 范 。
上海交通大学附属中学2019-2020学年度第一学期高一数学期中考试试卷一、填空题1.函数y =的定义域是____________2. 已知{}|12A x x =-<<,{}2|30,R x x x x -<∈,则A B ⋂=____________3. 当0x >时,函数()1f x x x -=+的值域为____________4. 设{|52U x x =-≤<-或25,}x x Z <≤∈,{}2|2150A x x x =--=,{}3,3,4B =-则U A C B ⋂=____________5. 已知集合{}{}2,1,|2A B x ax =-==,若A B A ⋃=,则实数a 值集合为____________6. 满足条件{}{}{}1,3,53,5,71,3,5,7,9⋃=的所有集合A 的个数是____________个7. 已知不等式2202x x x a+≤+解集为A ,且2,3A A ∈∉,则实数a 的取值范围是____________ 8. 若函数()f x a 的取值范围为____________9. 已知,a b 是常数,且0ab ≠,若函数()33f x ax =+的最大值为10,则()f x 的最小值为 ____________10. 设正实数,a b 满足324a ab b ++=,那么1ab的最小值为____________ 11. 设()()2,043,0x a x f x x a x x ⎧-≤⎪=⎨++>⎪⎩,若()0f 是()f x 的最小值,则a 的取值范围为____________ 12. 若方程()22420ax a x --+=在(0,2)内恰有一解,则实数a 的取值范围为____________ 二、选择题13. 下列命题中,正确的是( )A. 4x x +的最小值是4B. 的最小值是2C. 如果,a b c d >>,那么a c b d ->-D. 如果22ac bc >,那么a b >14. 设甲为“05x <<”,乙为“23x -<”,那么甲是乙的( )A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分又非必要条件15. 非空集合A,B 满足,{}{},|,|A B P x x A Q x x B ⊂⋂=∅=⊆=≠,则下列关系一定成立的是( )A. A B P Q ⋃=⋃B. P Q ⋂=∅C. {}P Q ⋂=∅D. A B P Q ⊂⋃≠⋃ 16. 已知函数()1y f x =+为偶函数,则下列关系一定成立的是( )A. ()()f x f x =-B. ()()11f x f x +=-+C. ()()11f x f x +=--D. ()()1f x f x -+=三、解答题17. 已知集合21|1,1x A x x R x -⎧⎫=≤∈⎨⎬+⎩⎭,集合{}22|210,B x x ax a x R =-+-≤∈. (1)求集合A ; (2)若集合U=R ,()U B C A B ⋂=,求实数a 的取值范围.18. 已知函数()f x x a x b =-++.(1)若1,2a b ==,求不等式()5f x ≤的解;(2)对任意0,0a b >>,试确定函数()y f x =的最小值M (用含,a b 的代数式表示),若正数,a b 满足42a b ab +=,则,a b 分别取何值时,M 有最小值,并求出此最小值.19. 为了在夏季降温和冬季供暖时减少能源损耗,房屋的屋顶和外墙需要建造隔热层,某幢建筑物要建造可使用20年的隔热层,每1厘米厚的隔热层建造成本为6万元。
上海交通大学附属中学09-10学年高一上学期期中考试语文试卷(满分100分,120分钟完成,答案一律写在答题纸上)命题:申玲娣审核:陈雄校对:刘文迁一、填空和选择(10分)。
(一)文学文化常识填空。
1.《沁园春•长沙》中,“沁园春”是该词的名,“长沙”是。
2.《诗经》根据所配曲调分为,主要运用的艺术手法是。
《诗经》开创了我国古代文学主义的传统。
3.陶渊明,(时代)诗人,自号为,私谥是。
4.左思,(时代)诗人,和他有关的一个成语是。
5.沈从文的长篇小说代表作是。
《合欢树》的作者是。
(二)课内文言文。
6.解释加点字的意思。
①召有司案.图()②舍.相如广成传舍()③甘受诟厉..()④秦王不怿.()⑤鬻.梅者()⑥梅以欹.为美()7.选出加点词活用类型不同于其它的一项()A毕礼而归.之 B 必复.之全之C穷.予生之光阴以疗梅也哉 D 宁许以负.秦曲8.选出句式不同于其它三句的一项()A徒见欺B求人可使报秦者C而君幸于赵王D臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵9.选出下列句中“之”字用法不同于其它的一项()A江宁之.龙蟠B何以知之.C既泣之.三日D伐齐,大破之.10.选出下列加点字不存在古今异义的一项()A于是相如前进..为也..缻B又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力C 璧有瑕,请指示..王D相如视秦王无意..偿赵城二、阅读下文,完成文后的题目(19分)。
谒从文墓马笑泉①沱江的水是有些浊了。
跟这个时代的大多数河流一样,它正逐步丧失清澈澄明的本相。
对面稀疏的几架吊脚楼,破旧而灰暗,如同瘦黑的小脚女人,可怜的站在江边,被更多的群涌而出的水泥楼房围困着,愈发显出坚持的零丁与困窘来。
没有《边城》里古朴坚实的船,没有黄永玉笔下红焰一样燃烧的花,没有彩蝶般斑斓的苗装,没有天真无邪的翠翠的容颜。
那个心中形成的幻象,就如同一只由无数精美的碎瓷片小心翼翼合成的绝世无双的花瓶,在突如其来的一瞬间碎了。
我也由此回到了现实中,呆立了许久,才开悟似的轻笑一声,先生,真正的边城,已被您用醇厚优美的文字,极艺术地保存下来了。
上海市交大附中2019-2020学年高一上学期期中化学试卷一、单选题(本大题共21小题,共59.0分)1.下列互为同位素的是()A. H2D2B. 14N 14CC. 16O17OD. O2O32.下列属于弱电解质的是()A. 铜B. 硝酸钾C. 氢氧化钠D. 纯醋酸3.下列溶液中,与200mL3mol/L NaCl溶液中c(Cl−)相同的是()A. 300mL1mol/LAlCl3B. 200mL3mol/L KClO4 C. 300mL2mol/LMgCl2D. 100mL6mol/L KCl4.下列物质中,属于溶于水后能导电的非电解质的是()A. SO3B. 乙醇C. CaOD. 醋酸5.分析发现,某陨石中含有半衰期极短的镁的一种放射性同位素 1228Mg,该同位素的原子核内的中子数是()A. 12B. 14C. 16D. 186.下图所示仪器可用于实验室制备并收集少量无水AlCl3,仪器连接顺序正确的是()A. a—b—c—d—e—f—g—j—k—hB. a—d—e—c—b—j—k—h—i—gC. a—e—d—c—b—j—k—h—i—gD. a—c—b—d—e—j—k—h—i—f7.同温同压下的不同气体其体积可能不相同,其主要原因是()A. 粒子大小不同B. 粒子质量不同C. 粒子间距离不同D. 粒子数目不同8.用相同体积的0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液,能分别使相同体积的KCl、MgCl2和FeCl3三种溶液中的Cl−完全转化为AgCl沉淀,则三种溶液的物质的量浓度之比为A. 3:2:1B. 1:2:3C. 1:1:1D. 6:3:29.下列叙述中正确的是()A. 物质的量就是物质的数量B. 1mol CO的质量为28g·mol−1C. 阿伏加德罗常数等于6.02×1023D. 3.01×1023个SO2分子约是0.5mol10.用下列实验装置完成对应的实验(部分仪器已省),能达到实验目的是()A. 检验Na2CO3中的Na+B. 除去CO中混有的CO2C. 制取氨气D. 吸收氨气11.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数,如果ag某气体含分子数为P,则bg该气体在标准状况下的体积V(L)是()A. 22.4ap/bN AB. 22.4ap/pN AC. 22.4ab/pN AD. 22.4bp/aN A12.下列说法正确的是()A. 摩尔是表示物质数量的单位B. 摩尔是表示物质多少的单位C. 摩尔是既能表示物质所含微粒数的数量,又能表示物质质量的具有双重意义的单位D. 摩尔是巨大数目的微粒集合体,表示物质的量的国际单位13.某同学在家中进行化学实验,按照图1连接好线路后发现灯泡不亮,按照图2连接好线路后发现灯泡亮,由此得出的结论正确的是()A. NaCl固体中没有离子B. 图2中NaCl在电流的作用下电离出大量的离子C. NaCl溶液中水电离出大量的离子D. 电解质本身不一定能导电14.可以用H++OH−=H2O来表示的离子反应是()A. 碳酸氢钠溶液和烧碱反应B. 醋酸和氢氧化钾溶液反应C. 硫酸氢钠溶液与苛性钾溶液反应D. 稀硫酸和氨水反应15.下列有关含氯化合物的说法正确的是()A. HClO是弱酸,所以NaClO是弱电解质B. 氯水中具有漂白性的物质是HClOC. 漂白粉在空气中久置变质的原因是漂白粉中的CaCl2与空气中的CO2反应生成CaCO3D. NaClO和Ca(ClO)2的溶液能杀菌消毒的原理是二者水解均呈碱性16.等体积的MgCl2、AlCl3两种溶液分别与等体积等物质的量浓度的AgNO3溶液恰好完全反应,则MgCl2、AlCl3两种溶液的物质的量浓度之比是()A. 1:1B. 2:3C. 2:1D. 3:217.下列离子方程式书写不正确的是()A. 碳酸钙和稀盐酸反应:CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++CO2↑+H2OB. 将磁性氧化铁溶于盐酸:Fe3O4+8H+=2Fe2++Fe3++4H2OC. 将金属铝加入NaOH溶液中:2Al+2OH−+2H2O=2AlO2−+3H2↑D. 金属钠与水反应:2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH−+H2↑18.在常温常压下,向100mLCH4和Ar的混合气体中通入400mLO2,点燃使其完全反应,最后在相同条件下得到干燥气体450mL,则反应前混合气体中CH4和Ar的物质的量之比为()A. 1:4B. 1:3C. 1:2D. 1:119.在电解质溶液的导电性装置(如图所示)中,若向某一电解质溶液中逐滴加入另一溶液,则灯泡由亮变暗,至熄灭后又逐渐变亮的是()A. 向盐酸中逐滴加入食盐溶液B. 向硫酸溶液中逐滴加入氢氧化钠溶液C. 向硫酸溶液中逐滴加入氢氧化钡溶液D. 向醋酸溶液中逐滴加入氨水20.0.6mol/LFe2(SO4)3和1.2mol/LCuSO4的混合溶液200mL,加入一定量铁粉充分反应后,测得溶液中Fe2+和Cu2+物质的量之比为3:1,则加入铁粉的物质的量为()A. 0.16molB. 0.21molC. 0.34molD. 0.46mol21.实验室用如图所示装置制取并收集氨气,下列说法正确的是()A. 试管a中的固体为氯化铵B. 用湿润的红色石蕊试纸检验试管b中氨气是否集满C. 氨气可用浓硫酸干燥D. 图装置也可用于制取并收集氧气二、双选题(本大题共1小题,共4.0分)22.己知HCl极易溶于水,而难溶于有机溶剂四氯化碳.下列装置不适宜做HCl尾气吸收装置的是()A. B. C. D.三、实验题(本大题共4小题,共40.0分)23.某同学设计如下实验方案,以分离NaCl和CaCl2两种固体混合物,试回答:(1)操作I的名称是______,操作Ⅱ的名称是______.如图中括号内的操作步骤均为______;(2)写出生成B的方程式为:______.(3)按此实验方案得到的NaCl固体中肯定含有______(填化学式)杂质;为了解决这个问题可以向操作(Ⅱ)得到的液体A中加入适量的______;反应的方程式为:______.24.无水氯化铝是白色晶体,易吸收水分,在178℃升华,装有无水氯化铝的试剂瓶久置于潮湿空气中,会自动爆炸并产生大量白雾.氯化铝常作为有机合成和石油工业的催化剂,并用于处理润滑油等.工业上由金属铝和氯气作用或由无水氯化氢气体与熔融金属铝作用制得.某课外兴趣小组在实验室中,通过下图装置制取少量纯净的无水氯化铝.(1)A装置中发生反应的化学方程式为______;(2)B、C装置中应盛放的试剂名称分别为______、______;(3)从A装置导出的气体若不经过B、C装置而直接进入D管,对实验产生的不良后果是______.(4)F装置所起的作用______.25.现有A~G七种物质,已知A是赤铁矿的主要成分,E的浓溶液稀释时会放出大量的热,G溶液为蓝色,它们之间存在如图所示的转化关系。
2019-2020学年上海市交大附中高一(上)期中数学试卷一.填空题1.函数y=的定义域为.2.已知A={x|﹣1<x<2},{x|x2﹣3x<0,x∈R},则A∩B=.3.当x>0时,函数f(x)=x+x﹣1的值域为.4.设U={x|﹣5≤x<﹣2或2<x≤5,x∈Z},A={x|x2﹣2x﹣15=0},B={﹣3,3,4},则A∩∁U B=.5.已知集合A={﹣2,1},B={x|ax=2},若A∪B=A,则实数a值集合为.6.满足条件{1,3,5}∪A∪{3,5,7}={1,3,5,7,9}的所有集合A的个数是个.7.已知不等式的解集为A,且2∈A,3∉A,则实数a的取值范围是.8.若函数f(x)=+为偶函数且非奇函数,则实数a的取值范围为.9.已知a、b是常数,且ab≠0,若函数的最大值为10,则f(x)的最小值为.10.设正实数a、b满足3a+ab+b=24,那么的最小值为.11.已知函数f(x)=,且f(0)为f(x)的最小值,则实数a的取值范围是.12.若方程ax2﹣(4﹣a2)x+2=0在(0,2)内恰有一解,则实数a的取值范围为.二.选择题13.下列命题中,正确的是()A.的最小值是4B.的最小值是2C.如果a>b,c>d,那么a﹣c<b﹣dD.如果ac2>bc2,那么a>b14.设p:0<x<5,q:|x﹣2|<3,那么p是q的()条件.A.充分不必要B.必要不充分C.充要D.既不充分也不必要15.非空集合A、B满足,A∩B=∅,P={x|x⊆A},Q={x|x⫋B},则下列关系一定成立的是()A.A∪B=P∪Q B.P∩Q=∅C.P∩Q={∅}D.A∪B⫋P∪Q 16.已知函数y=f(x+1)为偶函数,则下列关系一定成立的是()A.f(x)=f(﹣x)B.f(x+1)=f(﹣x+1)C.f(x+1)=f(﹣x﹣1)D.f(﹣x+1)=f(x)三.解答题17.已知集合,集合B={x|x2﹣2ax+a2﹣1≤0,x∈R}.(1)求集合A;(2)若B∩(∁U A)=B,求实数a的取值范围.18.己知函数f(x)=|x﹣a|+|x+b|.(1)若a=1,b=2,求不等式f(x)≤5的解;(2)对任意a>0,b>0,试确定函数y=f(x)的最小值M(用含a,b的代数式表示),若正数a、b满足a+4b=2ab,则a、b分别取何值时,M有最小值,并求出此最小值.19.为了在夏季降温和冬季供暖时减少能源损耗,房屋的屋顶和外墙需要建造隔热层.某幢建筑物要建造可使用20年的隔热层,每厘米厚的隔热层建造成本为6万元.该建筑物每年的能源消耗费用C(单位:万元)与隔热层厚度x(单位:cm)满足关系:C(x)=(0≤x≤10),若不建隔热层,每年能源消耗费用为8万元.设f(x)为隔热层建造费用与20年的能源消耗费用之和.(Ⅰ)求k的值及f(x)的表达式.(Ⅱ)隔热层修建多厚时,总费用f(x)达到最小,并求最小值.20.已知函数f(x)=(a>0),且满足f()=1.(1)判断函数f(x)在(1,+∞)上的单调性,并用定义证明;(2)设函数g(x)=,求g(x)在区间[]上的最大值;(3)若存在实数m,使得关于x的方程2(x﹣a)2﹣x|x﹣a|+2mx2=0恰有4个不同的正根,求实数m的取值范围.21.已知函数f(x)=mx+3,g(x)=x2+2x+m.(1)求证:函数f(x)﹣g(x)必有零点;(2)设函数G(x)=f(x)﹣g(x)﹣1.①若|G(x)|在[﹣1,0]上是减函数,求实数m的取值范围;②是否存在整数a、b,以及实数m,使得不等式a≤G(x)≤b的解集恰好是[a,b]?若存在,求出a、b的值,若不存在,请说明理由.2019-2020学年上海市交大附中高一(上)期中数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一.填空题1.函数y=的定义域为(0,+∞).【解答】解:要使函数有意义,则需x≥0且x≠0,即x>0,则定义域为(0,+∞).故答案为:(0,+∞).2.已知A={x|﹣1<x<2},{x|x2﹣3x<0,x∈R},则A∩B=(0,2).【解答】解:∵A={x|﹣1<x<2},B={x|0<x<3},∴A∩B=(0,2).故答案为:(0,2).3.当x>0时,函数f(x)=x+x﹣1的值域为[2,+∞).【解答】解:∵x>0,∴f(x)=x+x﹣1=x+.当且仅当x=1时,上式“=”成立.∴函数f(x)=x+x﹣1的值域为[2,+∞).故答案为:[2,+∞).4.设U={x|﹣5≤x<﹣2或2<x≤5,x∈Z},A={x|x2﹣2x﹣15=0},B={﹣3,3,4},则A∩∁U B={5}.【解答】解:∵U={x|﹣5≤x<﹣2或2<x≤5,x∈Z}={﹣5,﹣4,﹣3,3,4,5},A={x|x2﹣2x﹣15=0}={﹣3,5},B={﹣3,3,4},∴∁U B={﹣5,﹣4,5},∴A∩∁U B={5}.故答案为:{5}.5.已知集合A={﹣2,1},B={x|ax=2},若A∪B=A,则实数a值集合为{0,﹣1,2}.【解答】解:∵A∪B=A,∴B⊆A,∴①B=∅时,a=0;②B≠∅时,,则或,解得a=﹣1或2,∴实数a值集合为{0,﹣1,2}.故答案为:{0,﹣1,2}.6.满足条件{1,3,5}∪A∪{3,5,7}={1,3,5,7,9}的所有集合A的个数是16个.【解答】解:∵{1,3,5}∪A∪{3,5,7}={1,3,5,7,9},∴集合A一定含元素9,可能含元素1,3,5,7,∴集合A的个数为24=16个.故答案为:16.7.已知不等式的解集为A,且2∈A,3∉A,则实数a的取值范围是.【解答】解:因为的解集为A,且2∈A,3∉A,所以≤0,①>0,②3+2a=0,③解①得:a<﹣1.解②得:a>﹣,解③得:a=﹣,故实数a的取值范围为.故答案是:.8.若函数f(x)=+为偶函数且非奇函数,则实数a的取值范围为a>1.【解答】解:∵函数f(x)=+为偶函数且非奇函数,∴f(﹣x)=f(x),且f(﹣x)≠﹣f(x),又,∴a≥1.a=1,函数f(x)=+为偶函数且奇函数,故答案为:a>1.9.已知a、b是常数,且ab≠0,若函数的最大值为10,则f(x)的最小值为﹣4.【解答】解:函数定义域为[﹣1,1],设g(x)=为奇函数,f(x)max=g(x)max+3=10,所以g(x)min=﹣g(x)max=﹣7,所以f(x)min=﹣7+3=﹣4,故答案为:﹣4.10.设正实数a、b满足3a+ab+b=24,那么的最小值为.【解答】解:因为a,b为正数,满足3a+ab+b=24,所以24=3a+b+ab≥2+ab;令=t,t>0,则t2+2t﹣24≤0;解得0<t≤2,即0<ab≤12,所以,;所以的最小值为.故答案为:.11.已知函数f(x)=,且f(0)为f(x)的最小值,则实数a的取值范围是[0,4].【解答】解:若f(0)为f(x)的最小值,则当x≤0时,函数f(x)=(x﹣a)2为减函数,则a≥0,当x>0时,函数f(x)=的最小值4+3a≥f(0),即4+3a≥a2,解得:﹣1≤a≤4,综上所述实数a的取值范围是[0,4],故答案为:[0,4]12.若方程ax2﹣(4﹣a2)x+2=0在(0,2)内恰有一解,则实数a的取值范围为(﹣3,1].【解答】解:设f(x)=ax2﹣(4﹣a2)x+2,若a=0时,f(x)=0,得x=成立,若a≠0,ax2﹣(4﹣a2)x+2=0在(0,2)内恰有一解,因为f(0)=2>0,所以只需f(2)=4a﹣2(4﹣a2)+2≤0,则a2+2a﹣3≤0,得a∈[﹣3,1],当a=﹣3时,﹣3x2+5x+2=0的根为x=2或者x=﹣不成立,所以a∈(﹣3,1],故答案为:(﹣3,1].二.选择题13.下列命题中,正确的是()A.的最小值是4B.的最小值是2C.如果a>b,c>d,那么a﹣c<b﹣dD.如果ac2>bc2,那么a>b【解答】解:A.x<0时,不正确;B.>2,最小值不为2,不正确;C.a>b,c>d,那么a+c>b+d即a﹣d>b﹣c,因此不正确;D.∵ac2>bc2,∴c2>0,∴a>b,正确.故选:D.14.设p:0<x<5,q:|x﹣2|<3,那么p是q的()条件.A.充分不必要B.必要不充分C.充要D.既不充分也不必要【解答】解:由|x﹣2|<3,得:﹣3<x﹣2<3,即﹣1<x<5,即q:﹣1<x<5,故p是q的充分不必要条件,故选:A.15.非空集合A、B满足,A∩B=∅,P={x|x⊆A},Q={x|x⫋B},则下列关系一定成立的是()A.A∪B=P∪Q B.P∩Q=∅C.P∩Q={∅}D.A∪B⫋P∪Q 【解答】解:∵A∩B=∅,∴A与B没有任何公共元素,∵P={x|x⊆A},Q={x|x⫋B},∅是任何集合的子集,任何非空集合的真子集,∴P∩Q={x|x⊆A且x⫋B}={∅},故选:C.16.已知函数y=f(x+1)为偶函数,则下列关系一定成立的是()A.f(x)=f(﹣x)B.f(x+1)=f(﹣x+1)C.f(x+1)=f(﹣x﹣1)D.f(﹣x+1)=f(x)【解答】解:∵y=f(x+1)为偶函数,∴f(﹣x+1)=f(x+1),故B正确,故选:B.三.解答题17.已知集合,集合B={x|x2﹣2ax+a2﹣1≤0,x∈R}.(1)求集合A;(2)若B∩(∁U A)=B,求实数a的取值范围.【解答】解:(1)由得,;解得﹣1<x≤2;∴A={x|﹣1<x≤2};(2)∁U A={x|x≤﹣1,或x>2};∵B∩(∁U A)=B;∴B⊆∁U A;且B={x|a﹣1≤x≤a+1};∴a﹣1>2,或a+1≤﹣1;∴a>3,或a≤﹣2;∴实数a的取值范围为{a|a≤﹣2,或a>3}.18.己知函数f(x)=|x﹣a|+|x+b|.(1)若a=1,b=2,求不等式f(x)≤5的解;(2)对任意a>0,b>0,试确定函数y=f(x)的最小值M(用含a,b的代数式表示),若正数a、b满足a+4b=2ab,则a、b分别取何值时,M有最小值,并求出此最小值.【解答】解:(1)数f(x)=|x﹣a|+|x+b|.由于a=1,b=2,所以|x﹣1|+|x+2|≤5,令x﹣1=0,解得x=1,令x+2=0,解得x=﹣2,故:①当x≤﹣2时,不等式转换为1﹣x﹣x﹣2≤5,解得﹣3≤x≤﹣2.当②﹣2<x<1时,不等式转换为x+2﹣1﹣x≤5,即1≤5,故不等式的解为﹣2<x<1.当③x≥1时,不等式转换为x﹣1+x+2≤5,解得x≤2,由①②③得:不等式的解集为:x∈[﹣3,2];(2)对任意a>0,b>0,所以)|x﹣a|+|x+b|≥|a+b|=a+b.所以函数y=f(x)的最小值M=a+b,由于正数a、b满足a+4b=2ab,整理得,所以==当a=43,时,M最小值为.19.为了在夏季降温和冬季供暖时减少能源损耗,房屋的屋顶和外墙需要建造隔热层.某幢建筑物要建造可使用20年的隔热层,每厘米厚的隔热层建造成本为6万元.该建筑物每年的能源消耗费用C(单位:万元)与隔热层厚度x(单位:cm)满足关系:C(x)=(0≤x≤10),若不建隔热层,每年能源消耗费用为8万元.设f(x)为隔热层建造费用与20年的能源消耗费用之和.(Ⅰ)求k的值及f(x)的表达式.(Ⅱ)隔热层修建多厚时,总费用f(x)达到最小,并求最小值.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)设隔热层厚度为x cm,由题设,每年能源消耗费用为.再由C(0)=8,得k=40,因此.而建造费用为C1(x)=6x,最后得隔热层建造费用与20年的能源消耗费用之和为(Ⅱ),令f'(x)=0,即.解得x=5,(舍去).当0<x<5时,f′(x)<0,当5<x<10时,f′(x)>0,故x=5是f(x)的最小值点,对应的最小值为.当隔热层修建5cm厚时,总费用达到最小值为70万元.20.已知函数f(x)=(a>0),且满足f()=1.(1)判断函数f(x)在(1,+∞)上的单调性,并用定义证明;(2)设函数g(x)=,求g(x)在区间[]上的最大值;(3)若存在实数m,使得关于x的方程2(x﹣a)2﹣x|x﹣a|+2mx2=0恰有4个不同的正根,求实数m的取值范围.【解答】解:(1)由f()==1,得a=1或0.因为a>0,所以a=1,所以f(x)=.当x>1时,f(x)==1﹣为增函数,任取x1,x2∈(1,+∞),且x1<x2,则f(x1)﹣f(x2)=1﹣﹣1+=,因为1<x1<x2,则x1﹣x2<0,x1x2>0,f(x1)﹣f(x2)<0,所以f(x)在(1,+∞)上为增函数;(2)g(x)===,当1≤x≤4时,g(x)==﹣=﹣(﹣)2+,因为≤≤1,所以当=时,g(x)max=;当≤x<1时,g(x)==(﹣)2﹣,因为≤x<1时,所以1<≤2,所以当=2时,g(x)max=2;综上,当x=时,g(x)max=2;(3)由(1)可知,f(x)在(1,+∞)上为增函数,当x>1时,f(x)=1﹣∈(0,1).同理可得f(x)在(0,1)上为减函数,当0<x<1时,f(x)=﹣1∈(0,+∞).方程2(x﹣1)2﹣x|x﹣1|+2mx2=0可化为2•﹣+2m=0,即2f2(x)﹣f(x)+2m=0,设t=f(x),方程可化为2t2﹣t+2m=0,要使原方程有4个不同的正根,则方程2t2﹣t+2m=0在(0,1)有两个不等的根t1,t2,则有,解得0<m<,所以实数m的取值范围为(0,).21.已知函数f(x)=mx+3,g(x)=x2+2x+m.(1)求证:函数f(x)﹣g(x)必有零点;(2)设函数G(x)=f(x)﹣g(x)﹣1.①若|G(x)|在[﹣1,0]上是减函数,求实数m的取值范围;②是否存在整数a、b,以及实数m,使得不等式a≤G(x)≤b的解集恰好是[a,b]?若存在,求出a、b的值,若不存在,请说明理由.【解答】解:(1)证明:f(x)﹣g(x)=﹣x2+(m﹣2)x+3﹣m.令f(x)﹣g(x)=0.则△=(m﹣2)2﹣4(m﹣3)=m2﹣8m+16=(m﹣4)2≥0恒成立,∴方程f(x)﹣g(x)=0有解,即函数f(x)﹣g(x)必有零点;(2)①G(x)=f(x)﹣g(x)﹣1=﹣x2+(m﹣2)x+2﹣m,令G(x)=0,△=(m﹣2)2﹣4(m﹣2)=(m﹣2)(m﹣6).当△≤0,即2≤m≤6时,G(x)=﹣x2+(m﹣2)x+2﹣m≤0恒成立,∴|G(x)|=x2﹣(m﹣2)x+m﹣2.∵|G(x)|在[﹣1,0]上是减函数,∴≥0,解得m≥2.∴2≤m≤6.当△>0,即m<2或m>6时,|G(x)|=x2﹣(m﹣2)x+m﹣2.∵|G(x)|在[﹣1,0]上是减函数,∴x2﹣(m﹣2)x+m﹣2=0的两根均大于零或一根大于零另一根小于零且x=≤﹣1.∴或解得m>2或m≤0.∴m≤0或m>6.∴m的取值范围为(﹣∞,0]∪[2,+∞).②∵a≤G(x)≤b的解集恰好是[a,b],∴即,消m,得ab﹣2a﹣b=0,显然b≠2.∴a==1+.∵a,b为整数,所以b﹣2=±1或b﹣2=±2.解得或或或,∵a<b,且a≤≤b,∴或.。
2020-2021学年上海交通大学附属中学第一学期高一英语期中试卷(满分150分, 130分钟内完成)第Ⅰ卷I.Listening Comprehension (略)Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, andD.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. The publication of Great Expectations, which ______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’s status as a leading novelist.A.have beenB.wereC.wasD.will be22.Harry ______ Florence by plane which ______ at 8: 30 next morning.A.is leaving for; will leaveB.is leaving for; leavesC.will leave for: will leaveD.leaves for: leaves23.I was sent to the work site last month to see how the development plan ______ in the past two years.A.had been carried outB.would be carried outC.is being carried outD.have been carried out24. Hopefully in 2030 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A.have developedB.had developedC.will have developedD.developed25.—How much do you know about Nolan’s’ new film to be released next month?—Well.the Movie Channel ________ it in a variety of forms.A.coversB.coveredC.has coveredD.will cover26.He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A.hasn’t qualifierB.hadn’t qualifiedC.doesn’t qualifyD.wasn’t qualifying27. When the boss complained about the slow progress of the project, she ________ to you personally, but to the Department as a whole.A.hasn’t referredB.wasn’t referringC.hadn’t referredD.wouldn’t refer28.The producers of the talk show denied that the joke was too offensive, insisting that they merely ______ add a slight touch of humor.A.have meant toB.had meant toC.were meant toD.mean to29. By hiring regional musicians to play in common areas such as lobbies (大堂) and waiting rooms, the Cen Stage Arts in Health program ______ an environment of music all over campus for the past five years.A.is creatingB.was about to createC.has been creatingD.will be creating30. The country ______ its borders when a wave of refugees ______ in, which put a severe strain on its social welfare system.A.scarcely opened; floodedB.had scarcely opened; had flooded➢ C.scarcely opened; had flooded D.had scarcely opened; flooded➢strain v.损伤/拉伤/扭伤➢n.①损伤/拉伤/扭伤②压力/担忧/焦虑=worry/anxiety/pressure/tension31.Daimler’s Chief Executive said the German carmaker ______ production locations in the nextdecade to capture shifts in demand as global trade tensions continued to rise.A.had adjustedB.would adjust➢ C.will be adjusting D.were adjusting ➢tense v.使…拉紧,绷紧adj.①绷紧的/拉紧的②(局势/情况)紧张的③(精神)紧张的tension n.①拉力/张力, 拉紧/绷紧程度②紧张(局势/情况)③(精神)紧张32. By next year, dry waste burning and wet waste treatment rates in Shanghai ______ to reach 27,800 tons a day, around 80% of the city’s total garbage.A.are expectedB.will have been expectedC.have expectedD.are expecting33. According to an investigation of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the living virus on the outer packaging of imported frozen cod in Qingdao ______ for the recent infections.A.would be blamedB.was to blameC.was blamedD.had blamed34. “We often count how many passers-by stop and watch our performance and it can be up to 300 each time,”said the street artist.“______ that by the 20 or so performances that take place each month and it reaches thousands”A.To multiplyB.MultipliedC.MultiplyD.Multiplying35. The holiday resort includes two swimming pools and nightly entertainment which ______ board games, exotic dancing and music.A.hostsB.featuresC.containsD.characterizes36. We often find ourselves in the sorry state of an apology, where regrets seem to come most readily when they ______ the least.A.matterB.occurC.ariseD.belong37. Hull University states that if any student should break the rules on proper language use, they shall be offered feedback as to why, while deduction(扣除) of marks will be taken on a case-by-case (具体分析) ______.A.baseB.chargeC.accountD.basis38. Having kept low profile (保持低调/低姿态), these young men have long been ______ as “dull and cold”, but today they are about to show you just how energetic they are.A.realizedB.believedbeledD.respected39.Efforts are being made to improve the ______ of food distribution, with charities and foodbanks to collect and deliver excess food to those who can’t afford even the most basic food.A.responsibilityB.efficiencyC.possibilityD.convenience40.At the bus stop in Hamilton, Peter took the ______ in making friends with Gina, which finallyled to a lifetime happy marriage.A.actionB.troubleC.courageD.initiative4l. While the Japanese are not very familiar with the religious roots of the holiday, they have shown an amazing ability to absorb other cultures and make Christmas of their ______ own.A.personallyB.formerlyC.uniquelyD.particularly➢42.There were as many as six hundred ______ on this brand-new ship, which just had embarked on (着手, 开始) its maiden voyage (处女航), venturing ever further into the unknown.➢ A.facilities B.containers C.furnitureD.equipment➢containers集装箱43. Under-achieving (学业不良的) children have set up emotional barriers to education and, ______ demands by adults, these barriers become even harder to overcome.➢ A.in response to B.in relation to C.in contrast toD.in addition to➢in relation to 有关/关于/涉及The question in relation to salary shouldn’t be asked.➢in contrast to/with 和…相比44. At the annual Forum, experts across the globe have in-depth discussions on world peace, provide each other with some ______, and contribute their wisdom to stabilizing the international order.A.nut to crack (不易克服的困难)B.food for thoughtC.jump for joyD.sense of belonging45. The books and materials are kept on exclusive access; ______, they are available only to the teaching faculty and library staff.Which one of the following is NOT correct?A.in other wordsB.on the other handC.to put it another wayD.that is to say21-25 CBACC 26-30 CBBCD 31-35 BABCB 36-40 ADCBD 41-45 CBABBLife is filled with challenges.As we get older, we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that (46) ____________ us and make us who we are, it is the same with the challenges that come with friendship.When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two choices.We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing (47) ____________ the challenge isn’t worth the trouble and call it quits.Although there are (48) ____________ times when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most cases all that is needed is (49) ____________ and communication.When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how (50) ____________ or uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to face it and work through instead of running away from munication is making a (51) ____________ for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to (而/相对于, 表示对比) just saying what the other person did wrong.If you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt,”rather than “You hurt my feelings.”You are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.In dealing with many (52) ____________ that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are: small hurdles(障碍) you need to jump or get through on your way through life.Nothing is so big that it is (53) ____________ to get over, and hurt only (54) ____________ to make us stronger.It is all part of growing up, it (55) ____________ to everyone, and some day you will look back on all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today.And that is a good thing.”46-55 C I A K F H B E G JⅢ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage here are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Do you shop for groceries online and have them delivered to your door? Well, this might be just the start of a digital revolution in food.How about tattooed (刺花的) fruit, ice cubes which send text messages, and wine from the bottom of the ocean? All these things are on the (56) ____________ (即将来临的) according to global innovation research firm Stylus.They say stickers and wasteful packaging on fruit could be (57) ____________ by eatable tattoos.These would be (58) ____________ “directly to the skin of the fruit without (59) ____________ damaging skin cells”, according to Stylus’s senior vice-president of content, TessaMansfield.Our (60) ____________ are changing rapidly too, and some companies are cooking up (炮制) menu of technological advances.(61) ____________, there’s a smart knife which can (62) ____________ the freshness of food and any bacteria present as it is being used.Innovative ways to (63) ____________ what we consume are always being (64) ____________.Mandy Saven, Stylus’s head of food, beverage and hospitality (招待业/酒店) says new digital ice cubes send a text message to a friend if you drink too much alcohol.Indeed, some companies are helping consumers stay (65) _________ and make environmentally-friendly choices.Dutch firm Bilder and De Clerca sells food organized by recipe, which helps customers avoiding (66) ____________ by buying too much.This makes the retailer (零售商人) more than just a supplier of food—it becomes “kind of food (67) ____________ to a shopper.” says Tessa Mansfield.For the discerning(有眼力的) drinker, the future holds another new experience.How would you like to try “ocean-aged wine”? This is wine which has been sunk to the bottom of the ocean to help it (68) ____________ before you enjoy it.I find all these (69) ____________ exciting.What about you? Are you happy to (70) ____________ the new frontier of food?56.A.rise B.contrary C.horizon D.whole57.A.replaced B.exchanged C.covered D.understood58.A.connected B.contributed C.imported D.applied59.A.heavily B.actually C.purposefully D.weakly60.A.situations B.groceries C.services D.kitchens61.A.In short B.At first C.For instance D.After all62.A.enhance B.add C.analyze D.locate63.A.search B.monitor C.elect D.limit64.A.developed B.tracked C.tempted D.followedfortable B.smart C.holy D.healthy66.A.consumption B.waste C.cost D.bargain67.A.consultant B.customer C.designer D.guard68.A.delicate B.dizzy C.mature D.delicious69.A.innovations B.goals C.behaviors D.consumers70.A.move about B.step across C.join in D.get on56-70 CADBD CCBAD BACABSection BDirections: Read the following four passages.Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B.C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you havejust read.(A)Celebrating Czech (捷克的) traditionsHave you ever witnessed the 300-year anniversary of a village? To me, it is so amazing that this village, named Bysicky, which is located in Bohemia (波希米亚)in the Czech Republic, has sustain ed (经受/承受) blizzards(暴风雪) and wars for all this time, but has still kept its special charm.Unlike transportation you’d find in Prague (布拉格) such as the metro or tram (有轨电车), the most common way to get around in the countryside is by bike, as it’s a lot more convenient.So on Saturday morning.I departed from home on a bike ride with my host family.After an 8-kilometer journey, we finally arrived at the village.There was a road that led straight into the center of the village.Many stalls selling pizza, beer and ice cream were by the roadside.You could hear guitar music coming from the other side of the road, where an outdoor stage stood on large area of meadow(草地).When the performance from the guitarists finished, group of children wearing traditional costumes came on stage.As the crowd applauded loudly, the children were divided into three groups.A group of older kids playing different musical instruments stood on the left side, a group performing typical Czech dances was on the right, and a choir sang beautifully in the center.Many of those present were relatives of the children, and we were there because my sister was a member of the dancing group.On the edge of the grassland, there were girls riding horses.The end of the road led to a circled space, where the city hall stood in the middle, surrounded by a circle of colorful cottages.In front of the houses there were also many markets and a radio station reporting on the event.So this is what a typical village celebration looks like, with markets food and performances from traditional Czech culture, which was quite different from festivals in big cities.Czech people value their history, so there will always be parties to celebrate a place’s existence or an important person from history.There are no high buildings in these villages, but people still like to go there to spend their weekends because of the peaceful environment.Guess that is what life really means.71.What can we learn from the text about Bysicky?A.The most convenient transport here is the metro.B.The outdoor stage was set up in front of the city hall.C.The author’s host family lives in the village.D.It has a long history and is usually peaceful.72.After they arrived in Bysicky, the author ______.A.came across a famous choir giving a performanceB.heard music played by a group of guitaristsC.danced with local kids in traditional costumesD.rode horses on the grass nearby73.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The author dislikes festivals in big cities.B.Czech people take pride in their culture and history.C.Czech people don’t like to live in high buildings.D.Czech people always enjoy their lives to the fullest.74.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?A.To describe a typical village celebration in the Czech Republic.B.To give tips on how to tour around Bysicky.C.To inform us of different traditional Czech festivals.D.To explain the long history of Bysicky and its people71-74 DBBA75.Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park?A.It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.B.It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.C.It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.D.It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.76.Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ______ the most exciting.A.Mountaineering on Elie de BeaumontB.Mountain walks via Hooker Valley TrackC.Skiing on Tasman GlacierD.Climbing Mount Cook77.If you are a visitor to the park, you should ______.A.properly evaluate your own experience and skill.B.get your permit prepared before you start to climb.C.hire local guides to help you to train for climbing.D.avoid exploring glaciers in winter.75-77 BDA(C)Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well off (富人) and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individual and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while increasing pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion (观念/见解) of a sharp division (分歧/差异) between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of (从…中退出) the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous (丰富的/大量的) defined-benefit pension plans (固定收益养老金制) with less generous defined-contribution ones(固定缴款养老金制), means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to get rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the previous generation.Technological change may well strengthen that shift: the skills that make up for computers, from management knowhow (技巧/诀窍) to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.78.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.79.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increaseC.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.80.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers m ay choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.81.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be creative onesD.Skills are highly valued regardless of age78-81 BACD(D)Imagine you are a citizen of Athens, enjoying a warm Mediterranean night in the Theater of Herodes Atticus.You are wearing jeans and a T-shirt, listening to a great concert.Now rewind (倒回) this picture 1,839 years.You are in the same seat, only you are watching classical Greek entertainment.The city of Athens is a fun mix of the old and the new, the classic and the modern.Often a little shop is located next to the ruins of a temple, which is only a block from a large, air-conditioned hotel.The great city of 2,500 years ago is still visible today.Ruins are the most obvious sign of ancient Athens, and the most famous of these is the Acropolis(卫城).The Acropolis is a large hill that was the center of life in Athens.On its slopes were temples, monuments, and theaters.From the top, you can see how the urban area of Athens stretches out in every direction.On the top of the Acropolis is the Parthenon.This was once a huge temple to Athena, the city’s patron (赞助人/守护神).It was first completed in 432 B.C., but has been damaged and destroyed several times.However, visitors can still see the “tricks”used in building the Parthenon.Thecolumns (石柱) along the outside lean inward, and are slightly fatter in the middle.The temple is also higher in the middle than on the sides.All these effects make the Parthenon look perfectly straight from a distance.Only a block away from the Acropolis is the neighborhood of Plaka.The area, with its little shops and restaurants, is very popular with both tourists and locals, and is an important part of modern Athenian culture.Many great thinkers, writers, and political leaders lived in ancient Athens.The ruins of their homes and favorite spots are scattered throughout the busy port city.The hill where St.Paul addressed early Christian Athenians is located near the Acropolis.Great thinkers such as Perikles and Demosthenes spoke to the civil assemblies (市民集会) held at the Pnyx Hill.Today the Pnyx is an open-air theater for light and sound shows.Tourism is very important to people who live in modem-day Athens.Thousands of people come every year to see these ruins and to tour the many museums that house artifacts (史前古器物) from ancient times.This provides many jobs and brings money into Athens, which helps the city pay for improvements.Athenians take pride in the accomplishments of their ancestors, and people from all around the world come to admire them.By looking around the city today, we can imagine what life was like in ancient Athens.82.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the city of Athens?A.The culture of the city is a mixture of the old and modem.B.Traces of the ancient city can still be foundC.Ruins and modem hotels co-exist in the city.D.All the temples are not far away from air-conditioned hotels.83.According to the context, “tricks” in Paragraph Five refer to ________.A.naughty actsB.confusing constructing skillsC.skillful constructing methodsD.constructing materials84.The writer mentioned all the following benefits of tourism in Athens for Athenians EXCEPT ________.A.offering job opportunities to AtheniansB.enriching Athenians by providing accommodation for touristsC.enabling Athenians to improve the infrastructuresD.making Athenians proud of their ancestors85.What is the best title for the passage?A.Tourism in AthensB.Athens: Then and NowC.Historic Interests in AthensD.The Magic of Ancient Athens82-86 DCDB第Ⅰ卷Section ADirections: Fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the PROPER form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.1.________ ________ ________ life gives us, just accept it happily and feel grateful from the bottom of our heart.2.He told his supporters not to ease up ________ ________ he’s leading in the presidential race.3.I wonder for ________ ________ I shall be waiting before another chance shows up.4.He gave an unhesitating “yes”________ asked if he would go through the experience again5.The reason for the really enormous shift in his attitude is worth ________ (explore).6.Many of these measures have been accepted by the court, though the details remain ________ (settle).7.It is our responsibility to the next generation to make sure that environmental issues ________ (solve).8.There is something they need to change if they ________ (restore)the vitality of the U.S.economy.9.A freshly baked cake ________ (not cut) easily.10.The first-generation computer ________ (not invent) until the 1940s.Section BDirections: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given word.11.I hope their plan will work, but they themselves are very ________ (doubt)that it will.12.She won an award for the most ________ (origin) design.13.After you read the exercises, text them to yourself so you’ll have them for easy review before you ________ (memory) them all.14.The editor is short of ________ (contribute) for the May issue of the magazine.15.Students were asked to design a ________ (recycle) consumer electronics product that was engaging and simple for consumers.st Tuesday, the usually peaceful ocean surged into a mountain of water that swept through the ________ (scene) seaside village, on the southwest side of the main island.17.Coca-Cola announced quarterly ________ (earn) that topped Wall Street predictions.18.Those with a vivid imagination tend to stand out in some ________ (create) work.19.Most of all, Isaiah Berlin was a serious scholar, probably one of the past century’s greatest ________ (history) of vision.20.As we are at the start of the course, this seems a perfect moment to offer some practical advice to ________ (facility) the task of learning English.Section CDirections: Translate the following Chinese phrases into English by using the word in the bracket.21.从历史遗迹的角度研究文化(terms)22.处于中国"一带一路"倡议的核心(heart)23.为无知而不是贫穷感到羞愧24.看到整个城市的美景(view)25.为了减少碳足迹(purpose)26.充满了对艺术和诗歌黄金时代的回忆(alive)27.警告人们注意不太节能的生产方式(warn)28.从丝绸之路的起点开始他的旅行(set)Section DDirections:Translate the following Chinese sentences into English using the word in the bracket.29.我舅舅如此热衷网上购物, 总是买一大堆花里胡哨的商品。
2025届上海市上海交大附中化学高一第一学期期中达标检测模拟试题注意事项1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答;第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3.考试结束后,考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上,待监考员收回。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、在一定条件下,可发生反应:XO3n-+Cl2+2OH-=XO42-+2Cl-+H2O。
则XO3 n-中X元素的化合价是A.+4 B.+5 C.+6 D.+72、下列除杂所选用的试剂及操作方法均正确的一组是(括号内为杂质)选项待提纯的物质选用的试剂操作方法A.NaBr溶液(NaI)Cl2洗气B.Cl2(HCl)饱和食盐水洗气C.HNO3溶液(H2SO4)BaCl 2溶液过滤D.NaCl(I2)水萃取分液A.A B.B C.C D.D3、下列图示中逻辑关系正确的是( )A.B.C.D.4、下列化学方程式不能用离子方程式2+244Ba +SO BaSO -↓═表示的是( )A .()324432Ba NO +H SO BaSO +2HNO ↓═B .2244BaCl +Na SO BaSO +2NaCl ↓═C .324422BaCO +H SO BaSO +H O+CO ↑═D .2244BaCl +H SO BaSO +2HCl ↓═5、为除去某物质中所含的杂质,所选用的试剂或操作方法正确的是( )A .①②③④B .②③④C .①③④D .①②③ 6、澳大利亚科学家发现了纯碳新材料“碳纳米泡沫”,每个泡沫含有约4000个碳原子,直径约6到9nm ,在低于-183℃时,泡沫具有永久磁性。
下列叙述正确的是( )A .“碳纳米泡沫”是一种新型的碳化合物B .“碳纳米泡沫”中的碳原子是胶体C .“碳纳米泡沫”既不是电解质也不是非电解质D .“碳纳米泡沫”和金刚石的性质完全相同7、将金属钠分别投入下列物质的稀溶液中,有气体放出且有沉淀生成的是A .稀盐酸B .NH 4ClC .CuCl 2D .NaOH8、K 37CIO 3晶体与H 35Cl 溶液反应生成氯化钾、氯气和水,实验测得此反应生成的氯气的分子量是( ) A .73.3 B .73 C .72 D .70.79、若将饱和氯化铁溶液分别滴入下列物质中,能形成胶体的是A .冷水B .沸水C .氢氧化钠浓溶液D .氯化钠浓溶液10、探究Na 2O 2与水的反应,实验如图:-已知:H2O2⇌H++HO2-、HO2-⇌H++O22下列分析不正确的是A.①、⑤中产生的气体能使带火星的木条复燃B.①、④中均发生了氧化还原反应和复分解反应C.②、⑤中KMnO4与MnO2的作用不同,产生气体的量也不同D.沉淀经过滤、洗涤、干燥后称量:④中反应后的沉淀质量小于③中所得沉淀的质量11、在某无色透明的酸性溶液中,能大量共存的离子组是A.Na+ 、K+、SO42-、CO32-B.Al3+、K+、SO42-、OH-C.Na+、 K+、Cl-、 NO3-D.K+、Fe3+、MnO4-、I-12、下列关于合金的叙述中正确的是①合金具有金属特性②合金中的元素以单质形式存在③合金中不一定含有金属④合金中一定不含有非金属⑤合金属于金属材料⑥钢是含杂质较少的铁合金⑦合金一定是混合物A.①②③④⑤B.①③④⑤C.②③④⑤D.①②⑤⑥⑦13、实验室用下列两种方法制氯气:①用含146gHCl的浓盐酸与足量的MnO2反应,②用87gMnO2与足量浓盐酸反应。
上海交通大学附属中学2022—2023学年高一上学期期中考试化学试卷(满分100分,60分钟完成,答案请写在答题纸上。
)相对原子量:H-1C-12N-14O-16Na-23Mg-24Al-27Si-28S-32Cl-35.5K-39Ca-40Fe-56Cu-64一、选择题(每小题2分,共40分;每小题只有一个选项正确)1.我国科学家在世界上第一次为一种名为“钴酞菁”的分子(直径为1.3×10-9m)恢复了磁性。
“钴酞菁”分子结构和性质与人体内的血红素及植物体内的叶绿素非常相似。
下列说法中正确的是A.其分子直径比氯离子小B.在水中形成的分散系属于悬浊液C.在水中形成的分散系具有丁达尔效应D.“钴酞菁”分子不能透过滤纸2.下列有关物质分类正确的是A.酸性氧化物都是非金属氧化物 B.22Na O 为碱性氧化物C.NaOH 、()2Ba OH 都为可溶性碱D.蛋白质溶液、干冰均属于分散系3.核外电子层结构相同的是A.2+Mg 、3+Al 、Cl -、Ar B.+Na 、F -、2S -、Ne C.+K 、2+Ca 、2S -、ArD.2+Mg 、+Na 、Cl -、+K 4.氯化铁溶液与氢氧化铁胶体具有的共同性质是()A.分散质粒子直径在1~100nm 之间 B.都是混合物C.都是无色、透明的溶液D.都呈红褐色5.21mol N 和1mol CO 相比较,下列叙述中正确的是A.密度相同时,则体积一定相同 B.质量相同时,则密度一定相同C.温度相同肘,则体积一定相同D.体积相同时,则压强一定相同6.下列关于同位素和同种元素关系判断正确的是A.质量数相同的原子,一定不是同位素关系B.质子数相同的原子,一定是互为同位素C.核外电子数相同的原子,可能属于不同种元素D.中子数相同的原子,一定属于同种元素7.已知:3CH COOH 的酸酐为()32CH CO O 。
向次磷酸(分子式为32H PO )溶液中加入足量的NaOH 溶液,充分反应后,生成22NaH PO 和水,则可看成次磷酸酸酐的是A.2P OB.23P OC.423H P OD.22H PO 8.已知Q 与R 的摩尔质量之比为9∶22,在反应X 2Y 2Q R +=+中,当1.6g X 与Y 完全反应后,生成4.4g R ,则Q 和Y 的相对分子质量之比为A.9∶46B.9∶32C.9∶23D.9∶169.下列配制的溶液浓度偏高的是()A.配制盐酸用量筒量取盐酸时俯视刻度线B.配制盐酸定容时,仰视容量瓶刻度线C.配制烧碱溶液时,没有洗涤溶解烧碱的烧杯和玻璃棒D.配制烧碱溶液时,烧碱溶解后未经冷却即注入容量瓶并稀释至刻度线10.在一个密闭容器中盛有11gX 气体(X 的摩尔质量为44g/mol )时,压强为1×104Pa 。
上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年第一学期高一数学期中考试试卷一、填空题(1-6每小题4分,7-12每小题5分,共54分)1.已知全集{}0,1,2,3,4U =,集合{}1,2A =,{}2,3B =则A B ⋂=______.2.函数20202022(0,1)x y aa a +=+>≠的图像恒过定点______.3.已知幂函数()()22322n nf x n n x-=+-(n Z ∈)的图象关于y 轴对称,且在()0,∞+上是减函数,则n 的值为______.4.函数132xy x-=+的图象中心是______.5.函数y =的定义域是______.6.已知实数a 满足()()3322211a a --->+,则实数a 的取值范围是_________.7.已知6x <,求2446x x x ++-的最大值______.8.设log c a 、log c b 是方程2530x x +-=的两个实根,则log b ac =______.9.著名的哥德巴赫猜想指出:“任何大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”,用反证法研究该猜想,应假设的内容是_______.10.若关于x 的方程222210()x xa a a R +⋅++=∈有实根,则实数a 的取值范围是______.11.已知函数)()lg f x ax =的定义域为R ,则实数a 的取值范围是____________.12.若实数、满足114422x y x y +++=+,则22x y S =+的取值范围是_______.二、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)13.已知,a b ∈R ,则“33a b >”是“33a b >”的A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分也非必要条件14.若函数()()log a f x x b =+的大致图象如图,其中,a b 为常数,则函数()xg x a b =+的大致图像是()A. B.C. D.15.由无理数引发的数学危机一直延续到19世纪.直到1872年,德国数学家戴德金从连续性的要求出发,用有理数的“分割”来定义无理数(史称戴德金分割),并把实数理论建立在严格的科学基础上,才结束了无理数被认为“无理”的时代,也结束了持续2000多年的数学史上的第一次大危机.所谓戴德金分割,是指将有理数集Q 划分为两个非空的子集M 与N ,且满足Q M N ⋃=,M N ⋂=∅,M 中的每一个元素都小于N 中的每一个元素,则称(,)M N 为戴德金分割.试判断,对于任一戴德金分割(,)M N ,下列选项中,不可能成立的是()A.M 没有最大元素,N 有一个最小元素 B.M 没有最大元素,N 也没有最小元素C.M 有一个最大元素,N 有一个最小元素D.M 有一个最大元素,N 没有最小元素16.设函数()y f x =的定义域D ,若对任意的1x D ∈,总存在2x D ∈,使得()()121f x f x ⋅=,则称函数()y f x =具有性质M .下列结论:①函数3xy =具有性质M ;②函数3y x x =-具有性质M ;③若函数8log (2)y x =+,[]0,x t ∈具有性质M ,则510t =.其中正确的个数是()A.0个B.1个C.2个D.3个三、解答题(共5题,满分76分)17.已知函数2()|21|f x x a x a =-+-+.(1)当2a =时,求不等式()4f x ≥的解集;(2)若()4f x ≥,求a 的取值范围.18.有一种候鸟每年都按一定的路线迁徙,飞往繁殖地产卵,科学家经过测量发现候鸟的飞行速所度可以表示为函数301log lg 2100x v x =-,单位是km /min ,其中x 表示候鸟每分钟耗氧量的单位数,常数0x 表示测量过程中候鸟每分钟的耗氧偏差.(参考数据lg 20.3,= 1.2 1.43 3.74,3 4.66==)(1)若05x =,候鸟停下休息时,它每分钟的耗氧量为多少个单位?(2)若雄鸟的飞行速度为1.5km /min ,雌鸟的飞行速度为1km /min ,那么此时雄鸟每分钟的耗氧量是雌鸟每分钟耗氧量的多少倍?19.柯西不等式具体表述如下:对任意实数1a ,2a ,n a 和1b ,2b n b ,(,2)n Z n ∈≥都有()()()222222212121122n n n n a a a b b b a b a b a b ++++++≥+++L L L ,当且仅当1212n na a ab b b ===L 时取等号.(1)请用柯西不等式证明:对任意正实数a ,b ,x ,y ,不等式222()a b a b x y x y++≥+成立,(并指出等号成立条件)(2)请用柯西不等式证明:对任意正实数1x ,2x , ,n x ,且121n x x x +++= ,求证:12212211111x x x x x x n+++≥++++ (并写出等号成立条件).20.已知函数、()y f x =的表达式为()(0,1)xf x a a a =>≠,且1(2)4f -=,(1)求函数()y f x =的解析式;(2)若()()22log ()4()0m f x f x -+=在区间[]0,2上有解,求实数m 的取值范围;(3)已知113k ≤<,若方程()10f x k --=的解分别为1x 、()212x x x <,方程()1021k f x k --=+的解分别为3x 、()434x x x <,求1234x x x x -+-的最大值.21.对于集合{}()12,,,3n A a a a n Z n =∈≥ ,其中每个元素均为正整数,如果任意去掉其中一个元素(1,2,3,)i a i n = 之后,剩余的所有元素组成集合(1,2,)i A i n = ,并且i A 都能分为两个集合B 和C ,满足B C =∅ ,i B C A ⋃=,其中B 和C 的所有元素之和相等,就称集合A 为“可分集合”.(1)判断集合{}1,2,3,4和{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13是否是“可分集合”(不必写过程);(2)求证:五个元素的集合{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =一定不是“可分集合”;(3)若集合{}()12,,,3n A a a a n Z n =∈≥ 是“可分集合”.①证明:n 为奇数;②求集合A 中元素个数的最小值.上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年第一学期高一数学期中考试试卷一、填空题(1-6每小题4分,7-12每小题5分,共54分)1.已知全集{}0,1,2,3,4U =,集合{}1,2A =,{}2,3B =则A B ⋂=______.【答案】{}1【解析】【分析】通过全集,计算出{}0,1,4B =,根据交集的定义即可.【详解】因为{}0,1,2,3,4U =,{}2,3B =,所以{}0,1,4B =所以{}1A B ⋂=.故答案为:{}1.2.函数20202022(0,1)x y aa a +=+>≠的图像恒过定点______.【答案】()2020,2023-【解析】【分析】根据01(0,1)a a a =>≠,结合条件,即可求得答案.【详解】 01(0,1)a a a =>≠,令20200x +=,得2020x =-,020222023y a =+=,∴函数20202022(0,1)x y a a a +=+>≠的图象恒过定点()2020,2023-,故答案为:()2020,2023-.3.已知幂函数()()22322n n f x n n x -=+-(n Z ∈)的图象关于y 轴对称,且在()0,∞+上是减函数,则n 的值为______.【答案】1【解析】【分析】根据函数是幂函数得2221+-=n n ,求得3n =-或1,再检验是否符合题意即可.【详解】因为()()22322n n f x n n x -=+-是幂函数,2221n n ∴+-=,解得3n =-或1,当3n =-时,()18=f x x 是偶函数,关于y 轴对称,在()0,∞+单调递增,不符合题意,当1n =时,()2f x x -=是偶函数,关于y 轴对称,在()0,∞+单调递减,符合题意,1n ∴=.故答案为:1.4.函数132xy x-=+的图象中心是______.【答案】()2,3--【解析】【分析】将函数化成ky b x a=++,根据的对称中心为(,)a b -,即可得出答案.【详解】1373(2)73222x x y x x x --+===-+++,因为函数72y x =+的图象的对称中心是()2,0-,所以函数732y x =-+的图象的对称中心是()2,3--.故答案为:()2,3--.【点睛】对称性的3个常用结论:(1)若函数()y f x a =+是偶函数,即()()f a x f a x +=-,则函数()y f x =的图象关于直线x a =对称;(2)若对于R 上的任意x 都有(2)()f a x f x -=或(2)()f a x f x +=-,则()y f x =的图象关于直线x a =对称;(3)若函数()y f x b =+是奇函数,即((0))f x b f x b +++-=,则函数()y f x =关于点(,0)b 中心对称.5.函数y =的定义域是______.【答案】(7,)+∞【解析】【分析】根据被开方数非负且分母不为零可得132log 05x ⎛⎫>⎪-⎝⎭,解对数不等式即可求得定义域.【详解】1322log 00155x x ⎛⎫>⇒<<⎪--⎝⎭,()()271075055x x x x x -<⇒>⇒-->--且5x ≠,解得5x <或7x >,2055x x <⇒>-,∴函数y =(7,)+∞.故答案为:(7,)+∞6.已知实数a 满足()()3322211a a --->+,则实数a 的取值范围是_________.【答案】1,22⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【解析】【分析】根据幂函数的定义域和单调性得到关于a 的不等式,解之可得实数a 的取值范围.【详解】由题意知,3322(21)(1)a a --->+,>由于幂函数32y x =的定义域为[0,)+∞,且在[0,)+∞上单调递增,则2101121110a a a a ->⎧⎪⎪>⎨-+⎪+>⎪⎩,即:()()12202111a a a a a ⎧>⎪⎪-⎪>⎨-+⎪⎪>-⎪⎩,所以1221a a a ⎧>⎪⎪<⎨⎪>-⎪⎩,所以实数a 的取值范围是:122a <<.故填:1,22⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭.【点睛】本题主要考查幂函数的定义域和单调性,属于基础题.7.已知6x <,求2446x x x ++-的最大值______.【答案】0【解析】【分析】原式化为64(6)166x x -++-,结合基本不等式即可求解最大值.【详解】6x < ,所以60x ->,2244(6)16(6)6464(6)16666x x x x x x x x ++-+-+==-++---因为64(6)6x x -+-64[(6)]166x x =--+-=--,当且仅当2x =-时,取等号;∴2244(6)16(6)6464(6)160666x x x x x x x x ++-+-+==-++---.即2446x x x ++-的最大值为0.故答案为:0.【点睛】方法点睛:在利用基本不等式求最值时,要特别注意“拆、拼、凑”等技巧,使其满足基本不等式中“正”(即条件要求中字母为正数)、“定”(不等式的另一边必须为定值)、“等”(等号取得的条件)的条件才能应用,否则会出现错误.8.设log c a 、log c b 是方程2530x x +-=的两个实根,则log b ac =______.【答案】3737±【解析】【分析】根据题意由韦达定理得log log 5c c a b +=-,log log 3c c a b ⋅=-,进而得()2log log 37c c a b -=,再结合换底公式得137log 37log b acc b a==±【详解】解:因为log c a 、log c b 是方程2530x x +-=的两个实根,所以由韦达定理得log log 5c c a b +=-,log log 3c c a b ⋅=-,所以()()22log log log log 4log log 37c c c c c c a b a b a b -=+-⋅=,所以log log c c b a -=所以1137log log log 37log b c c acc b b a a===±-.故答案为:3737±【点睛】本题解题的关键在于根据韦达定理与换底公式进行计算,其中()()22log log log log 4log log c c c c c c a b a b a b -=+-⋅,1log log b acc b a=两个公式的转化是核心,考查运算求解能力,是中档题.9.著名的哥德巴赫猜想指出:“任何大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”,用反证法研究该猜想,应假设的内容是_______.【答案】存在一个大于2的偶数不可以表示为两个素数的和.【解析】【分析】从命题的否定入手可解.【详解】反证法先否定命题,故答案为存在一个大于2的偶数不可以表示为两个素数的和.【点睛】本题主要考查反证法的步骤,利用反证法证明命题时,先是否定命题,结合已知条件及定理得出矛盾,从而肯定命题.10.若关于x 的方程222210()x xa a a R +⋅++=∈有实根,则实数a 的取值范围是______.【答案】(,4-∞-【解析】【分析】利用换元法,设20x t t =>,,转化为方程2210t at a +++=,有正根,分离参数,求最值.【详解】设20x t t =>,,转化为方程2210t at a +++=,有正根,即221(2)4(2)55[(2)]4222t t t a t t t t ++-++=-=-=-++++++,022t t >∴+> ,,则5[(2)4442t t -+++≤-+=-+当且仅当5(2)2t t +=+,即2t =时取等,(,4a ∴∈-∞-故答案为:(,4-∞-11.已知函数)()lgf x ax =的定义域为R ,则实数a 的取值范围是____________.【答案】[1,1]-【解析】【分析】根据对数函数的真数大于0,得出+ax >0恒成立,利用构造函数法结合图象求出不等式恒成立时a 的取值范围.【详解】解:函数f (x )=lg (+ax )的定义域为R ,+ax >0恒成立,-ax 恒成立,设y =,x ∈R ,y 2﹣x 2=1,y ≥1;它表示焦点在y 轴上的双曲线的一支,且渐近线方程为y =±x ;令y =﹣ax ,x ∈R ;它表示过原点的直线;由题意知,直线y =﹣ax 的图象应在y =的下方,画出图形如图所示;∴0≤﹣a ≤1或﹣1≤﹣a <0,解得﹣1≤a ≤1;∴实数a 的取值范围是[﹣1,1].故答案为[﹣1,1].【点睛】本题考查了不等式恒成立问题,考查数形结合思想与转化思想,是中档题.12.若实数、满足114422x y x y +++=+,则22x y S =+的取值范围是_______.【答案】24S <≤【解析】【详解】1122224+4=2+2(2)(2)2(22)(22)2222(22)x y x y x x y x y x y x y ++⇒+=+⇒+-⋅⋅=+22222xyS S -=⋅⋅,又22(22)022222x y xyS +<⋅⋅≤=.22022S S S <-≤,解得24S <≤二、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)13.已知,a b ∈R ,则“33a b >”是“33a b >”的A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分也非必要条件【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据充分、必要条件定义判定即可.【详解】解:当33a b >时,根据指数函数3x y =是定义域内的增函数可得a b >,因为幂函数3y x =是定义域内的增函数,所以33a b >,所以充分性成立,当33a b >时,因为幂函数3y x =是定义域内的增函数,所以a b >,又指数函数3x y =是定义域内的增函数,所以33a b >,所以必要性成立,综上:“33a b >”是“33a b >”的充要条件.故选:C.【点睛】充分条件、必要条件的三种判定方法:(1)定义法:根据,p q q p ⇒⇒进行判断,适用于定义、定理判断性问题;(2)集合法:根据,p q 对应的集合之间的包含关系进行判断,多适用于命题中涉及字母范围的推断问题;(3)等价转化法:根据一个命题与其逆否命题的等价性进行判断,适用于条件和结论带有否定性词语的命题.14.若函数()()log a f x x b =+的大致图象如图,其中,a b 为常数,则函数()xg x a b =+的大致图像是()A. B.C. D.【答案】B 【解析】【分析】由函数()log ()a f x x b =+的图象为减函数可知,01a <<,且01b <<,可得函数()x g x a b =+的图象递减,且1(0)2g <<,从而可得结果.【详解】由函数()log ()a f x x b =+的图象为减函数可知,01a <<,再由图象的平移知,()log ()a f x x b =+的图象由()log a f x x =向左平移可知01b <<,故函数()x g x a b =+的图象递减,且1(0)2g <<,故选B.【点睛】函数图象的辨识可从以下方面入手:(1)从函数的定义域,判断图象的左右位置;从函数的值域,判断图象的上下位置.(2)从函数的单调性,判断图象的变化趋势;(3)从函数的奇偶性,判断图象的对称性;(4)从函数的特征点,排除不合要求的图象.15.由无理数引发的数学危机一直延续到19世纪.直到1872年,德国数学家戴德金从连续性的要求出发,用有理数的“分割”来定义无理数(史称戴德金分割),并把实数理论建立在严格的科学基础上,才结束了无理数被认为“无理”的时代,也结束了持续2000多年的数学史上的第一次大危机.所谓戴德金分割,是指将有理数集Q 划分为两个非空的子集M 与N ,且满足Q M N ⋃=,M N ⋂=∅,M 中的每一个元素都小于N 中的每一个元素,则称(,)M N 为戴德金分割.试判断,对于任一戴德金分割(,)M N ,下列选项中,不可能成立的是()A.M 没有最大元素,N 有一个最小元素 B.M 没有最大元素,N 也没有最小元素C.M 有一个最大元素,N 有一个最小元素 D.M 有一个最大元素,N 没有最小元素【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由题意依次举出具体的集合,M N ,从而得到,,A B D 均可成立.【详解】对A ,若{|0}M x Q x =∈<,{|0}N x Q x =∈;则M 没有最大元素,N 有一个最小元素0,故A 正确;对B ,若{|M x Q x =∈<,{|N x Q x =∈;则M 没有最大元素,N 也没有最小元素,故B 正确;对C ,M 有一个最大元素,N 有一个最小元素不可能,故C 错误;对D ,若{|0}M x Q x =∈,{|0}N x Q x =∈>;M 有一个最大元素,N 没有最小元素,故D 正确;故选:C .【点睛】本题考查对集合新定义的理解,考查创新能力和创新应用意识,对推理能力的要求较高.16.设函数()y f x =的定义域D ,若对任意的1x D ∈,总存在2x D ∈,使得()()121f x f x ⋅=,则称函数()y f x =具有性质M .下列结论:①函数3xy =具有性质M ;②函数3y x x =-具有性质M ;③若函数8log (2)y x =+,[]0,x t ∈具有性质M ,则510t =.其中正确的个数是()A.0个 B.1个C.2个D.3个【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据函数性质M 的定义和指数对数函数的性质,结合每个选项中具体函数的定义,即可判断.【详解】解:对于①:3x y =的定义域是R ,所以1212()()13x x f x f x +⋅==,则120x x +=.对于任意的1x D ∈,总存在2x D ∈,使得()()121f x f x ⋅=,所以函数3x y =具有性质M ,①正确;对于②:函数3y x x =-的定义域为R ,所以若取10x =,则1()0f x =,此时不存在2x R ∈,使得12()()1f x f x ⋅=,所以函数3y x x =-不具有性质M ,②错误;对于③:函数8log (2)y x =+在[]0,t 上是单调增函数,其值域为[]88log 2,log (2)t +,要使得其具有M 性质,则88881log 2log (2)1log (2)log 2t t ⎧≤⎪+⎪⎨⎪+≤⎪⎩,即88log 2log (2)1t ⨯+=,解得3(2)8t +=,510t =,故③正确;故选:C.【点睛】本题考查函数新定义问题,对数和指数的运算,主要考查运算求解能力和转换能力,属于中档题型.三、解答题(共5题,满分76分)17.已知函数2()|21|f x x a x a =-+-+.(1)当2a =时,求不等式()4f x ≥的解集;(2)若()4f x ≥,求a 的取值范围.【答案】(1)32x x ⎧≤⎨⎩或112x ⎫≥⎬⎭;(2)(][),13,-∞-+∞ .【解析】【分析】(1)分别在3x ≤、34x <<和4x ≥三种情况下解不等式求得结果;(2)利用绝对值三角不等式可得到()()21f x a ≥-,由此构造不等式求得结果.【详解】(1)当2a =时,()43f x x x =-+-.当3x ≤时,()43724f x x x x =-+-=-≥,解得:32x ≤;当34x <<时,()4314f x x x =-+-=≥,无解;当4x ≥时,()43274f x x x x =-+-=-≥,解得:112x ≥;综上所述:()4f x ≥的解集为32x x ⎧≤⎨⎩或112x ⎫≥⎬⎭.(2)()()()()22222121211f x x a x a x ax a a a a =-+-+≥---+=-+-=-(当且仅当221a x a -≤≤时取等号),()214a ∴-≥,解得:1a ≤-或3a ≥,a ∴的取值范围为(][),13,-∞-+∞ .【点睛】本题考查绝对值不等式的求解、利用绝对值三角不等式求解最值的问题,属于常考题型.18.有一种候鸟每年都按一定的路线迁徙,飞往繁殖地产卵,科学家经过测量发现候鸟的飞行速所度可以表示为函数301log lg 2100xv x =-,单位是km /min ,其中x 表示候鸟每分钟耗氧量的单位数,常数0x 表示测量过程中候鸟每分钟的耗氧偏差.(参考数据lg 20.3,= 1.2 1.43 3.74,3 4.66==)(1)若05x =,候鸟停下休息时,它每分钟的耗氧量为多少个单位?(2)若雄鸟的飞行速度为1.5km /min ,雌鸟的飞行速度为1km /min ,那么此时雄鸟每分钟的耗氧量是雌鸟每分钟耗氧量的多少倍?【答案】(1)466;(2)3倍.【解析】【分析】(1)将05x =,0v =代入函数解析式,计算得到答案.(2)根据题意得到方程组13023011.5log lg 210011log lg 2100x x x x ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩,两式相减化简即可求出答案.【详解】(1)将05x =,0v =代入函数301log lg 2100x v x =-,得:31log lg 502100x-=,即()3log 2lg 521lg 2 1.40100x==-=,所以1.403 4.66100x==,所以466x =.故候鸟停下休息时,它每分钟的耗氧量为466个单位.(2)设雄鸟每分钟的耗氧量为1x ,雌鸟每分钟耗氧量为2x ,由题意可得:13023011.5log lg 210011log lg 2100x x x x⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩,两式相减可得:13211log 22x x =,所以132log 1x x =,即123x x =,故此时雄鸟每分钟的耗氧量是雌鸟每分钟耗氧量的3倍.【点睛】方法点睛:与实际应用相结合的题型也是高考命题的动向,这类问题的特点是通过现实生活的事例考查书本知识,解决这类问题的关键是耐心读题、仔细理解题,只有吃透题意,才能将实际问题转化为数学模型进行解答.19.柯西不等式具体表述如下:对任意实数1a ,2a ,n a 和1b ,2b n b ,(,2)n Z n ∈≥都有()()()222222212121122n n n n a a a b b b a b a b a b ++++++≥+++L L L ,当且仅当1212n na a ab b b ===L 时取等号.(1)请用柯西不等式证明:对任意正实数a ,b ,x ,y ,不等式222()a b a b x y x y++≥+成立,(并指出等号成立条件)(2)请用柯西不等式证明:对任意正实数1x ,2x , ,n x ,且121n x x x +++= ,求证:12212211111x x x x x x n+++≥++++ (并写出等号成立条件).【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)证明见解析.【解析】【分析】(1)根据任意正实数a ,b ,x ,y ,由柯西不等式得222()(()a b x y a b x y +++,从而证明222()a b a b x yx y+++成立;(2)由121n x x x ++=…+,得121(1)(1)(1)n n x x x +=++++⋯++,然后利用柯西不等式,即可证明12212211111x x xx x x n++⋯⋯+++++成立.【详解】(1)对任意正实数a ,b ,x ,y ,由柯西不等式得()()()()222222222a b a b x y a b x y ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎡⎤⎢⎥++=++⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦,当且仅当x y a b=时取等号,∴222()a b a b x y x y+++.(2)121n x x x ++⋯+= ,121(1)(1)(1)n n x x x ∴+=++++⋯++,2221212()(1)111n nx x x n x x x ++⋯+++++222121212()[(1)(1)(1)]111n n nx x x x x x x x x =++⋯+++++⋯+++++212()1n x x x ++⋯+=,当且仅当121n x x x n==⋯==时取等号,∴222121211111n nx x x x x x n ++⋯+++++.【点睛】方法点睛:利用柯西不等式求最值或证明不等式时,关键是对原目标代数式进行配凑,以保证出现常数结果.同时,要注意等号成立的条件,配凑过程采取如下方法:一是考虑题设条件;二是对原目标代数式进行配凑后利用柯西不等式解答.20.已知函数、()y f x =的表达式为()(0,1)xf x a a a =>≠,且1(2)4f -=,(1)求函数()y f x =的解析式;(2)若()()22log ()4()0m f x f x -+=在区间[]0,2上有解,求实数m 的取值范围;(3)已知113k ≤<,若方程()10f x k --=的解分别为1x 、()212x x x <,方程()1021k f x k --=+的解分别为3x 、()434x x x <,求1234x x x x -+-的最大值.【答案】(1)()2x f x =;(2)[]3,1-;(3)2log 3-.【解析】【分析】(1)由2211(2)4f aa --===可得答案.(2)由条件可得()2()4()1m f x f x -+=在区间[]0,2上有解,设2x t =,由[]0,2x ∈,则14t ≤≤,即()24123t t t m -+==--在区间[]1,4t ∈上有解,可得答案.(3)由条件121x k =-,221x k =+,即12121x x k k --=+,以及431221xk k +=+或3+1221x k k =+,所以341312x x k k -+=+,从而可得()()1234341241111322213131331x x x x x x x x k k k k k k k -+---+-+-=⋅=⨯==-++++,求出最大值可得答案.【详解】(1)由2211(2)4f a a --===,所以2a =所以()2xf x =(2)()()22log ()4()0m f x f x -+=在区间[]0,2上有解即()2()4()1m f x f x -+=在区间[]0,2上有解即()22421x x m -+⨯=在区间[]0,2上有解即设2x t =,由[]0,2x ∈,则14t ≤≤所以()24123t t t m -+==--在区间[]1,4t ∈上有解当[]1,4t ∈时,[]2134,1t t ∈--+所以31m -≤≤(3)由()10f x k --=,即21x k =+或21x k=-由方程()10f x k --=的解分别为1x 、()212x x x <,则121x k =-,221x k=+所以12121x x k k--=+由()1021k f x k --=+,即31212121x k k k k +=+=++或+1212121xk k k k =-=++方程()1021k f x k --=+的解分别为3x 、()434x x x <,则431221x k k +=+或3+1221xk k =+所以341312x xk k -+=+所以()()1234341241111322213131331x x x x x x x x k k k k k k k -+---+-+-=⋅=⨯==-++++函数431133y k =++-在113k ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭,上单调递减,当13k =时,431133y k =++-有最大值13.所以()()1234123x x x x -+-≤,则1322421log log 33x x x x -=-+≤-所以1234x x x x -+-的最大值为2log 3-【点睛】关键点睛:本题考查指数的运算和方程有解求参数,方程根的关系,解答本题的关键是由题意可得()22421x x m -+⨯=在区间[]0,2上有解,设2x t =,分类参数即()24123t t t m -+==--在区间[]1,4t ∈上有解,以及根据方程的根的情况可得()()1234341241111322213131331x x x x x x x x k k k k k k k -+---+-+-=⋅===-++++,属于中档题.21.对于集合{}()12,,,3n A a a a n Z n =∈≥ ,其中每个元素均为正整数,如果任意去掉其中一个元素(1,2,3,)i a i n = 之后,剩余的所有元素组成集合(1,2,)i A i n = ,并且i A 都能分为两个集合B 和C ,满足B C =∅ ,i B C A ⋃=,其中B 和C 的所有元素之和相等,就称集合A 为“可分集合”.(1)判断集合{}1,2,3,4和{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13是否是“可分集合”(不必写过程);(2)求证:五个元素的集合{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =一定不是“可分集合”;(3)若集合{}()12,,,3n A a a a n Z n =∈≥ 是“可分集合”.①证明:n 为奇数;②求集合A 中元素个数的最小值.【答案】(1)集合{}1,2,3,4不是,集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13是;(2)证明见解析;(3)①证明见解析;②7.【解析】【分析】(1)根据“可分集合”定义直接判断即可得到结论;(2)不妨设123450a a a a a <<<<<,分去掉的元素是1a 时得5234a a a a =++①,或2534a a a a +=+②,去掉的元素是2a 得5134a a a a =++③,或1534a a a a +=+④,进而求解得矛盾,从而证明结论.(3)①设集合{}()12,,,3n A a a a n Z n =∈≥ 所有元素之和为M ,由题可知,()1,2,3,,i M a i n -= 均为偶数,所以()1,2,3,,i a i n = 的奇偶性相同,进而分类讨论M 为奇数和M 为偶数两类情况,分析可得集合A 中的元素个数为奇数;②结合(1)(2)问依次验证3,5,7n n n ===时集合A 是否为“可分集合”从而证明.【详解】解:(1)对于集合{}1,2,3,4,去掉元素1,剩余的元素组成的集合为{}12,3,4A =,显然不能分为两个集合B 和C ,满足B C =∅ ,1B C A ⋃=,其中B 和C 的所有元素之和相等,故{}1,2,3,4不是“可分集合”对于集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13,去掉元素1,{}13,5,7,9,11,13A =,显然可以分为{}{}11,13,3,5,7,9B C ==,满足题意;去掉元素3,{}21,5,7,9,11,13A =,显然可以分为{}{}1,9,13,5,7,11B C ==,满足题意;去掉元素5,{}31,3,7,9,11,13A =,显然可以分为{}{}1,3,7,11,9,13B C ==,满足题意;去掉元素7,{}41,3,5,9,11,13A =,显然可以分为{}{}1,9,11,3,5,13B C ==,满足题意;去掉元素9,{}51,3,5,7,11,13A =,显然可以分为{}{}7,13,1,3,5,11B C ==,满足题意;去掉元素11,{}61,3,5,7,9,13A =,显然可以分为{}{}3,7,9,1,5,13B C ==,满足题意;去掉元素13,{}71,3,5,7,9,11A =,显然可以分为{}{}1,3,5,9,7,11B C ==,满足题意;故{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13是可分集合.(2)不妨设123450a a a a a <<<<<,若去掉的是1a ,则集合{}12345,,,A a a a a =可以分成{}{}5234,,,B a C a a a ==或{}{}2534,,,B a a C a a ==,即:5234a a a a =++①或2534a a a a +=+②若去掉的是2a ,则集合{}21345,,,A a a a a =可以分成{}{}5134,,,B a C a a a ==或{}{}1534,,,B a a C a a ==,即:5134a a a a =++③或1534a a a a +=+④,由①③得21a a =,矛盾;由①④21a a =-,矛盾;由②③得21a a =-,矛盾;由②④21a a =,矛盾;所以五个元素的集合{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =一定不是“可分集合”;(3)①证明:设集合{}()12,,,3n A a a a n Z n =∈≥ 所有元素之和为M ,由题可知,()1,2,3,,i M a i n -= 均为偶数,所以()1,2,3,,i a i n = 的奇偶性相同,若M 为奇数,则()1,2,3,,i a i n = 也均为奇数,由于12n M a a a =+++ ,所以n 为奇数;若M 为偶数,则()1,2,3,,i a i n = 也均为偶数,此时设()21,2,3,,i i a b i n == ,则{}12,,,n b b b 也是“可分集合”,重复上述操作有限次,便可得各项均为奇数的“可分集合”,此时各项之和也为奇数,集合A 中的元素个数为奇数.综上所述,集合A 中的元素个数为奇数.②当3n =时,显然任意集合{}123,,A a a a =不是“可分集合”;当5n =时,第二问已经证明集合{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =不是“可分集合”;当7n =时,第一问已验证集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13A =是“可分集合”.所以集合A 中元素个数的最小值为7.【点睛】本题考查集合新定义的问题,对此类题型首先要多读几遍题,将新定义理解清楚,然后根据定义依次验证,证明即可.注意对问题思考的全面性,考查学生的思维迁移能力,分析能力.本题第二问解题的关键在于假设123450a a a a a <<<<<,以去掉元素1a 和2a 两种情况下的可分集合推出矛盾,进而证明,是难题.。
2019-2020学年上海市上海交通大学附属中学高一上学期期中数学试题一、单选题1.下列命题中,正确的是( )A.4xx+的最小值是4 +的最小值是2C.如果a b >,c d >,那么a c b d ->-D.如果22ac bc >,那么a b >【答案】D【解析】利用基本不等式和对勾函数的性质,以及不等式的性质,分别对四个选项进行判断,得到答案. 【详解】选项A 中,若0x <,则无最小值,所以错误;选项B 中,2t ,则函数y =1y t t=+,在[)2,+∞上单调递增,所以最小值为52,所以错误; 选项C 中,若,a c b d ==,则a c b d -=-,所以错误;选项D 中,如果22ac bc >,则0c ≠,所以20c >,所以可得a b >. 故选:D. 【点睛】本题考查基本不等式,对勾函数的性质,不等式的性质,判断命题是否正确,属于简单题.2.设甲为“05x <<”,乙为“|2|3x -<”,那么甲是乙的( )条件 A.充分非必要 B.必要非充分C.充要D.既非充分又非必要 【答案】A【解析】对命题乙进行化简,然后由命题甲和命题乙的范围大小关系,得到答案. 【详解】命题乙:|2|3x -<,解得15x -<<; 命题甲:05x <<;显然命题甲的范围比命题乙的范围要小,故由命题甲可以推出命题乙,而由命题乙不能推出命题甲, 所以甲是乙的充分非必要条件, 故选:A. 【点睛】本题考查解绝对值不等式,充分非必要条件,属于简单题. 3.非空集合A 、B 满足,A B =∅,{|}P x x A =⊆,{|Q x x = }B ,则下列关系一定成立的是( ) A.A B P Q =U U B.PQ =∅ C.{}P Q =∅I D.A B P Q U【答案】B【解析】根据集合P 是集合A 的子集所构成的集合,集合Q 是集合B 的真子集所构成的集合,以及非空集合A 、B 满足A B =∅,从而可以得到集合P 与集合Q 没有相同元素,从而得到答案. 【详解】因为{|}P x x A =⊆,{|Q x x = }B所以可得集合P 是集合A 的子集所构成的集合, 集合Q 是集合B 的真子集所构成的集合 而非空集合A 、B 满足,AB =∅,可知集合A 与集合B 中没有相同元素, 则其各自的子集或真子集也不会由相同的集合, 所以可得P Q =∅,故选:B. 【点睛】本题考查元素与集合之间的关系,集合与集合之间的关系,属于简单题. 4.已知函数(1)y f x =+为偶函数,则下列关系一定成立的是( ) A.()()f x f x =- B.(1)(1)f x f x +=-+ C.(1)(1)f x f x +=-- D.(1)()f x f x -+=【答案】B【解析】函数(1)y f x =+为偶函数,可得函数()y f x =的图像关于1x =对称,在四个选项中选择能表示函数()y f x =的图像关于1x =对称的,得到答案. 【详解】函数(1)y f x =+为偶函数,可得()y f x =的图像向左平移1个单位后关于y 轴对称, 所以()y f x =的图像关于1x =对称,在所给四个选项中,只有选项B. (1)(1)f x f x +=-+也表示()y f x =的图像关于1x =对称,故选:B. 【点睛】本题考查函数的奇偶性和对称性,属于简单题.二、填空题 5.函数y=的定义域为 . 【答案】()0,+∞【解析】试题分析:函数y=的定义域为0{0x x ≥≠所以0x >【考点】函数定义域的求法.6.已知{|12}A x x =-<<,2{|30,}B x x x x =-<∈R ,则A B =________【答案】(0,2)【解析】对集合B 中的不等式求出其解集,然后利用集合的交集运算,得到答案. 【详解】集合2{|30,}{|03}B x x x x x x =-<∈=<<R , 而集合{|12}A x x =-<< 所以{|02}A B x x ⋂=<< 故答案为:(0,2) 【点睛】本题考查解不含参的二次不等式,集合的交集运算,属于简单题. 7.当0x >时,函数1()f x x x -=+的值域为________ 【答案】[2,)+∞【解析】根据基本不等式,求出当0x >时,函数1()2f x x x -=+≥,得到答案.【详解】 因为0x >,所以函数1()2f x x x -=+=≥, 当且仅当1x x -=,即1x =时,等号成立.所以函数1()f x x x -=+的值域为[2,)+∞,故答案为:[2,)+∞ 【点睛】本题考查求具体函数的值域,基本不等式求和最小值,属于简单题. 8.设{|52U x x =-≤<-或25,}x x <≤∈Z ,2{|2150}A x x x =--=,{3,3,4}B =-,则U A B =I ð__【答案】{5}【解析】先对集合U 进行化简,然后根据集合U 和集合B ,由集合的补集运算计算出U B ð,再对集合A 进行化简,然后利用集合的交集运算,得到答案.【详解】集合{|52U x x =-≤<-或25,}x x <≤∈Z , 所以{}5,4,3,3,4,5U =--- 集合{3,3,4}B =-, 所以{}5,4,5U B =--ð,集合{}{}2|21503,5A x x x =--==-,所以{}5U A B =I ð, 故答案为:{}5. 【点睛】本题考查集合的补集和交集运算,属于简单题.9.已知集合{2,1}A =-,{|2}B x ax ==,若A B A ⋃=,则实数a 值集合为________ 【答案】{0,1,2}-【解析】由A B A ⋃=可得B A ⊆,然后分为B =∅和B ≠∅进行讨论,得到答案. 【详解】因为A B A ⋃=,所以得到B A ⊆, 集合{2,1}A =-,{|2}B x ax == 当B =∅时,0a =,当B ≠∅时,0a ≠,则2B a ⎧⎫=⎨⎬⎩⎭所以有22a =-或21a=,则1a =-或2a =, 综上0a =或1a =-或2a = 故答案为:{0,1,2}- 【点睛】本题考查由集合的包含关系求参数的值,属于简单题.10.满足条件{1,3,5}{3,5,7}{1,3,5,7,9}A =U U 的所有集合A 的个数是________个 【答案】16【解析】先计算{}{}{}1,3,53,5,71,3,5,7=,由结果可知集合A 中应有元素9,然后元素9与集合{}1,3,5,7的子集中的元素一起,构成集合A ,从而得到答案. 【详解】因为{1,3,5}{3,5,7}{1,3,5,7,9}A =U U , 而{}{}{}1,3,53,5,71,3,5,7=,所以可得集合A 中一定有元素9,所以元素9与集合{}1,3,5,7的子集中的元素一起,构成集合A , 而集合{}1,3,5,7的子集有42=16个, 故满足要求的集合A 的个数是16. 故答案为:16.本题考查根据集合的运算结果求满足要求的集合个数,根据集合元素个数求子集的个数,属于简单题.11.已知不等式2202x xx a+≤+解集为A ,且2A ∈,3A ∉,则实数a 的取值范围是________ 【答案】3[,1)2-- 【解析】由题意可知,代入2x =可满足不等式,代入3x =则不满足不等式,从而得到关于a 的不等式组,解得a 的取值范围. 【详解】因为不等式2202x xx a+≤+解集为A ,且2A ∈,3A ∉,所以可得代入2x =,不等式成立,即2022222a≤+⨯+,解得1a <-,代入3x =,不等式不成立,即232332a+⨯>+,解得32a >-, 且当32a =-时,3x =也不满足不等式, 综上,a 的范围为3,12⎡⎫--⎪⎢⎣⎭,故答案为:3,12⎡⎫--⎪⎢⎣⎭【点睛】本题考查根据分式不等式的解集中的元素求参数的范围,属于中档题.12.若函数()f x =a 的取值范围为________ 【答案】1a >【解析】首先满足函数()f x 的定义域关于原点对称,得到a 的取值范围,再验证此时函数()f x 为偶函数而非奇函数,从而得到答案.由函数()f x =0a ≥,函数()f x 要为偶函数, 则其定义域需关于原点对称,22100x a x ⎧-≥⎨-≥⎩,解得11x x x ≤-≥⎧⎪⎨≤⎪⎩或1≥,即1a ≥ 当1a =时,函数()0f x =。