(全)214普华永道--财务管理最佳实践之总账(最新)

Produce statutory accounts
Process Features Common chart of accounts Minimal number of accounts to meet information needs Regulated control of new account creation Periodic check of inactive accounts All users of financial systems fully trained in standards and controls Clearly defined procedures cover reconciliation of control accounts Standard journal and authorised input forms are used Clear month end cut off process Electronic approval of journals Clear authority levels Management accounting information is sourced from GL (no reconciliation to financial accounts required) Level of detail is driven by business requirements Allocation rules are based on agreed rates or service level agreements Consistent use of account codes across business allowing comparison of costs Rigorous period end and year end routines to ensure accuracy of data Detailed procedures applied to reconciliations, accruals and prepayments Period and financial reports produced within 5 working days of period end Flash results within 1 day Cyclical reconciliation of balance sheet accounts Balance sheet accounts allocated to GL staff Soft close for non quarter months Regular liaison with auditors to minimise ad hoc trail and reporting requirements for statutory reports Corporation disallowable and allowable tax data controlled through use of chart of accounts Period end timetable communicated to all relevant staff
Establish and maintain standing data Produce periodic financial reporting and information
Establish and apply accounting controls
Apply and allocation rules
Source: Statistics taken from Benchmarking database: 21 January 1997
General Ledger cost per Business Unit FTE (in s) 157
90 percentile
PwC175a
6
General Ledger -Trends
Measures
Days to produce accounts Manual Journal entries per period. (i.e. not system automated) JVs per head
PwC175a
3
General Ledger - Best Practice Features
PwC175a
4
General Ledger - Best Practice Features
Establish and maintain standing data Produce periodic financial reporting and information
Establish and apply accounting controls
PwC175a
5
Байду номын сангаас
General Ledger - Measures/Cost Drivers
Number of journal entries per FTE 486,000 66,600 3,200 or less 32 574 10 percentile 90 percentile Median 10 percentile Median Days to produce monthly management accounts 16 days Cost drivers Number of reporting periods 3 days 8 days Number of manual interfaces Number of accounts and cost centres Complexity of costing and reporting structure Approval process for journals 10 percentile Median 90 percentile Mechanism to calculate accruals and prepayments
Best Practice Financial Processes: General Ledger
2
General Ledger - Best Practice Objectives
People Organisation
Control awareness Legal framework awareness Provision of quality information to business
Information Systems
Single source Integrated with other ledgers Data accurate and timely
Controls
Procedures manual Calendar timetable Quality of data Monthly routines
Apply and allocation rules
Produce statutory accounts
System Features Integrated system eliminates duplication of maintenance Local variation to common core chart of accounts Comprehensive security and access controls Efficient copy and editing facilities Extra segment (s) provided for future expansion of requirements (fundamental change to business) System allows control prior period posting Variable journal input types such as standard, reversal, recurring System controlled month end procedures and processes On line training and help facilities System provides control over combination of accounts and cost centres Controls applied for use of balance sheet and profit and loss accounts Real time allocation to cost centres Automatic reconciliation of management and financial accounts Automatic period end reports produced Comprehensive report writer facilities to provide user defined reports One line reporting of information and drill down On line graphical display or links to EIS system Screenbased exception reporting System allows prior year postings and automatic balances carried forward System is sole source of consolidated statutory reporting requirements and holds non financial data Drill down facilities provides full audit trail on financial data Additional period used solely for year end accounts Multi-currency, multi-country consolidation
From
Separate GL Analysis via spreadsheets/ manual input Multiple source of data across multiple systems Manual reconciliation Performed by finance department
Centralised processing Economies of scale
General Ledger Objectives
To be the primary source of financial information To ensure the integrity of financial management information To apply period end (e.g. monthly) disciplines and routines to produce periodic financial and management accounts To support the preparation of statutory accounts and comply with fiscal reporting requirements (e.g. VAT)
Processes
Maintain cost codes Maintain standing data Record & validate financial data Carry out period end ?? and reporting Prepare cashflow reports Prepare status report and tax report Answer queries