Communication Models for a Free-Space Optical Cross-Connect Switch

兰州一中2024-2025-1 学期阶段检测试题高二英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

What is Dylan’s father nowA. A driver.B. A doctor.C. An office worker.How does the woman recognise the manA. By his glasses.B. By his beard.C. By his jacket.What do we know about the woman’s familyA. They got into debt.B. They like bacon very much.C. Her husband supports the family.What does the woman think o f the man’s ideaA. Crazy.B. Brilliant.C. Unrealistic.What are the speakers talking aboutA. A photography club.B. A weekend plan.C. A coming exhibition. 第二节（共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第 6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。

What did Jake usually wearA. Dark clothes.B. Jeans.C. Formal clothes.What makes Jake change his lookA. The working environment.B. The family atmosphere.C. The living conditions.听第7 段材料，回答第8-10 题。

高三英语课外时文分类阅读系列距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

第二部分“人与社会”之文学、艺术与体育篇目录：Passage 1 网剧《爱很美味》让观众直呼人间真实Passage 2 “双减”等政策的实施Passage 3《英雄联盟》动画剧集上线Passage 4 “冰墩墩”出炉记Passage 5 科幻电影《沙丘》超乎你的想象Passage 6 “数字遗产”完全属于我们吗？Passage 7 海安花鼓：柔美清新的非物质文化遗产Passage 8 剧版《三体》Passage 1主题语境——人与社会——网剧《爱很美味》让观众直呼人间真实Without any superstars, web series Delicious Romance1. ______ (become) a dark horse already from word of mouth. The main characters, Fang Xin, Liu Jing and Xia Meng have experienced challenges in work and setbacks in their romantic relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic.The series 2. ______ (present) how they overcome these difficulties mostly through small but 3. _______ (help) fixes in their domestic and work life.The key 4. _____ its success lies in its “extremely authentic” tone, as it truly mirrors how ordinary women struggle 5. _______ (make) a living in big cities.The audience, especially female viewers, resonated with some common social issues. For example, Liu was fired as her company suffered a loss due to the pandemic. She was confronting a career crisis while 6. ______ (face) pressure from her parents 7. _____ were urging Liu to get married.The portrayal of the main male characters in the series is worthy of note, too. These characters include a single father, a 8. ________ (fit) coach, and a bakery owner. Different from the perfect male personas 9. _______ (show) in other romantic shows, they also confront many real life problems.The majority of the acting cast are 10. ________ (relative) less-known actors. This makes the viewers believe that their stories in the series are authentic.【参考答案】1. has become2. presents3. helpful4. to5. to make6. facing7. who8. fitness9. shown 10. relativelyPassage 2主题语境——人与社会——“双减”等政策的实施On Dec 22, the Ministry of Education (MOE) released a review of the improvements 1. _______ (make) to education from several aspects. Let’s take a look.■Less homeworkTo reduce the academic burden on students, in 2021, the ministry 2. ________ (issue) a notice that middle school students should be assigned no more than 90 minutes of homework per day. This semester, teachers have taught at a much 3. _____ (slow) pace, 4. _____ gives students enough time to process new knowledge. A survey by the ministry found that 97.3 percent of parents are satisfied 5. _____ schools’ efforts to reduce the burden of homework and after-school tutoring on students.■More sleepIn April, the MOE advised that middle school and high school students go to bed before 10 pm and 11 pm, respectively. Even if they have not finished their homework, students should still go to bed at the recommended time. Schools and parents have also paid more attention to students’ sleep time, with 98.7 percent of schools asking parents 6. ________ (monitor) their children’s sleep and study time.■Limiting phone usageSmartphones have become 7. _____ essential part of our daily lives. But for students, 8. _______ (take) mobile phones to school has been further limited as schools do more to protect students’ eyesight and make sure they focus on their studies. 9. _____ the ministry reported, 99.8 percent of primary and middle schools have issued rules preventing students bringing smartphones to class. Schools have set up communication channels for students to contact their parents in an emergency. Meanwhile, almost all schools no longer assign homework via smartphones and students do not need to finish their homework 10. _______ (digital).【参考答案】1. made2. issued3. slower4. which5. with6. to monitor7. an8. taking9. As 10. digitallyPassage 3主题语境——人与社会——《英雄联盟》动画剧集上线Two teams of five 1. _______ (power) champions face off to destroy one another’s city. The concept behind League of Legends (LoL), the free-to-play multiplayer online video game from 2009 developed by Riot Games company, 2. _______ (become)a darling of the esports world ever since as its vast story expands into other media.The animated series Arcane: League of Legends, 3. ______ came out on Nov 7, is the first time League lore has been brought to life on the small screen –and it’s 4. ______ instant success. It 5. _______ (boast) a perfect 100 percent rating among critics on review website Rotten Tomatoes, as well as maintaining a score of 9.2 on Douban from over 83,000 6. ________ (use).LoL video game creators Christian Linke and Alex Yee created the series.“A st ory principle in League that we brought over to Arcane is 7. _______ there’s a relationship between the champions and their region,” Yee said, “It’s a two-way relationship.”That relationship 8. ________ (explore) in Arcane as viewers follow Jayce and Viktor, two scientists in the city of Piltover, and Vi and Powder, two orphans in another city of Zaun. The series serves 9. _____ a beginning to the game.The show manages 10_________ (strike) the right balance between welcoming newcomers who know nothing about LoL, while also satisfying longtime fans with deep backstories of fan-favorite storylines and characters.【参考答案】1. powerful2. has become3. which4. an5. boasts6. users7. that8. is explored9. as 10. to strikePassage 4主题语境——人与社会——“冰墩墩”出炉记Bing Dwen Dwen, a panda in an ice shell, 1. ______ (choose) as the official mascot for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games back in 2019. Now you can find this mascot 2. _____ the form of toys and plastic models.Previously, Cao Xue, the chief designer of Bing Dwen Dwen and his team made three designs and he asked his 9-year-old son to choose his favorite. “At first glance, he chose Bing Dwen Dwen, 3. _______ became the final mascot,” Cao noted.According to Cao, Bing Dwen Dwen was chosen from 5,816 designs from 38 countries and regions. The idea first came from a 4. ________ (tradition) Chinese snack bingtanghulu –fruit coated in syrup, which turned into the ice shell in his design. However, a simple snack couldn’t shoulder the 5. ________ (responsible) of representing a country, so Cao’s team decided to include an animal or plant, finally settling on a panda.However, there were already too many cartoon images of pandas out there so the mascot needed to be 6. ______ (total) unique and innovative. Cao first decided that it should be a baby panda. This is how they got Bing Dwen Dwen’s body shape. 7. ______ (it) body is of the same length as its head.Cao’s team then collected all the panda designs they could find across the world 8. ______ (avoid) similarities. They even visited the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda in Wolong, Sichuan, to look for inspiration. They found that baby pandas walk pigeon-toed and often lean while 9. _______ (stand).“When we finally got Bing Dwe n Dwen, our whole team was over 10. ______ moon,” said Cao.【参考答案】1. was chosen2. in3. which4. traditional5. responsibility6. totally7. Its8. to avoid9. standing 10. thePassage 5主题语境——人与社会——科幻电影《沙丘》超乎你的想象First 1. _________ (release) in 1965, Frank Herbert’s sci-fi novel Dune remains an icon of the genre to this day. The film is about a desert planet called Arrakis. Nobody would want to live on Arrakis. It has no water, 2. _______ it has something special: “spice”. It gives people godlike powers, and it’s also needed for space travel. As a result, the entire galaxy demands spice.3. _______ (get) the spice is dangerous. Giant sandworms hear the footsteps of people who dig up the spice and eat them. This makes the spice very expensive.4. _______ this reason, different families want to control Arrakis. The story of Dune is about a conflict between two families.5. _________ (fortunate), older Dune movies are not so beloved. The last time the book6._______ (adapt) into film was 1984. Back then, US film critic Roger Ebert said there were too many characters. So, can anyone make a good Dune movie? Early reviews make it sound like Villeneuve’s version is 7. _____ visual treat.Writing for pop culture blog Jezebel, Rich Juzwiak calls it “pure spectacle”. Writing for The Ringer, Adam Nayman said, “Sandworm fans will not be 8. __________ (disappoint),” calling the giant creatures “awe-inspiring” to see onscreen.Taylor Baker, a critic of website Drink in the Movies, said V illeneuve’s version of this sci-fi classic is missing something. Dune is about meaning, risks, 9. ______ (lose), hope, gains and language itself … You can’t remove the heart. Xan Brooks disagreed, and he 10. ______ (write), “It’s a film of discovery; an invitation to get lost.”【参考答案】1. released2. but3. Getting4. For5. Unfortunately6. was adapted7. a8. disappointed9. loss 10. wrotePassage 6主题语境——人与社会——“数字遗产”完全属于我们吗？Nowadays, most of our lives 1. _______ (record) online. We set up email and online 2. _________ (shop) accounts; we download music, films, games and e-books; we post and repost on Sina Weibo and WeChat.Together, these things make up our “digital legacy”. In fact, there are two types of digital legacy. One is “assets” that we buy with money, such as virtual coins and game 3. ________ (equip). As they are worth some money, they can be inherited. The other kind is things that carry 4. ________ (emotion) value, such as social media accounts. Dealing with these 5. ______ (be) a problem.Although you may have created your accounts, you don’t really own them –internet companies do. You only have a right 6. _______ (use) them. For example, your Taobao account might be closed by the company if you haven’t logged in for more than six months.Also, it’s hard to balance between our digital legacy and privacy protection. “Whether social media accounts, like WeChat and Sina Weibo, can be inherited is still questionable, because they are 8. _______ (high) personal,” said Wang Cheng, 7. _____ professor at Peking University Law School.Is it possible to get everything deleted? The answer may be “Yes”. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation went into effect in 2018. It said people have a right to erasepersonal data, 9. ______ is also known 10. ______ “the right to be forgotten”.【参考答案】1. are recorded2. shopping3. equipment4. emotional5. is6. to use7. a8. highly9. which 10. asPassage 7主题语境——人与社会——海安花鼓：柔美清新的非物质文化遗产Flower-drum dancing is a traditional Chinese folk 1. _________ (perform). It is popular across the country, especially in places such as Fengyang in Anhui, Guangshan in Henan, and Haian in Jiangsu.The Haian flower-drum dance 2. ________ (date) back to more than 400 years ago. It became popular in the areas of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River in the Ming Dynasty. The art form was used to show the 3. ________ (peace) lives of local fisherwomen. It is still popular with local people, known for its lively movements and gentle music. In 2007, the Haian flower-drum dance 4. _______ (include) in the list of art forms that make up Jiangsu’s provincial intangible cultural heritage.Yang Peijie, 5. ______ inheritor of the Haian flower-drum dance, has been performing the dance for more than 50 years. “It has become a part of my life,” he said.6. _____ the 1960s, Yang joined an art troupe and started to learn the dance from older artists. At that time, people could only learn it in this way. There were no textbooks. Worrying the art may become lost, Yang spent five years7. ______ (study) the history of the dance and recorded its movements in detail. He visited almost all the local artists and wrote a book about the subject in the 1980s.According to Yang, the dance movements are easy to learn and understand as they come from daily life. Nowadays, Yang focuses on promoting the dance among all age 8. _______ (group), especially the young. He set up a team to work on this. The team members visit about eight schools each year to teach students. It has been added to break-time exercises in many local schools. “To make9. _____ easier for kids to learn, we break down difficult movements into several simple ones,” Yang said. They also go to communities and parks to teach older people. “It’s my responsibility 10. _______ (pass) down the art. I don’t want to see it get lost in my lifetime,” Yang said.【参考答案】1. performance2. dates3. peaceful4. was included5. an6. In7. studying8. groups9. it 10. to passPassage 8主题语境——人与社会——剧版《三体》Two TV 1. _______ (adapt) of sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem are in production, with both Tencent and Netflix taking a shot at the “unfilmable” sci-fi epic.The trailer for Tencent’s series dropped on Nov 3. Days 2. _______ (early) on Oct 28, Netflix’s series 13. _______ (official) announced a dozen cast members.The two series 4. _______ (base) on Liu Cixin’s The Three-Body Problem, the first novel in the author’s trilogy called Remembrance of Earth’s Past. In the Hugo Award-winning book, an astrophysicist witnesses her father’s death. She later discovers an alien civilization on another planet and invites them 5. _______ (invade) Earth. After people on Earth learn of the news, different groups of humanity emerge with conflicting ideas about what to do next.So why has 6. _______ taken so long to bring Liu’s 2008 n ovel to the screen? For one, Liu 7. _______ (true) puts the science in science fiction. Elements of his story include transforming subatomic particles and traveling in the fourth dimension – no easy thing to bring to life on screen. Another possible issue is the series’ focus on ideas more than characters, 8. _______ works for a novel but not necessarily a live action series.Fans couldn’t be 9. _______ (excited) that there will be two versions available. “The Three-Body Problem requires a lot of money and energy for special effects. It also needs a good team to draw out a big picture and tell a specific story with their cameras,” a fan told the Global Times, saying that she is looking forward to 10. _______ (watch) both the Chinese and English adaptations.【参考答案】1. adaptations2. earlier3. officially4. are based5. to invade6. it7. truly8. which9. more excited 10. watching高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

2023年上半年6级试卷一、写作（30分钟）题目： The Importance of Lifelong Learning。

要求：1. 阐述终身学习的重要性；2. 应包含具体事例或理由；3. 字数不少于150词。

二、听力理解（30分钟）Section A.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Conversation One.1. A) He is a college student majoring in history.B) He is a tour guide in a local museum.C) He is a researcher in an archaeological institute.D) He is a teacher in a high school.2. A) To visit some historical sites.B) To attend an academic conference.C) To do some research on ancient civilizations.D) To take a vacation with his family.3. A) It has a long history.B) It is famous for its architecture.C) It has many rare artifacts.D) It is well - preserved.4. A) He is very interested in it.B) He has studied it before.C) He wants to write a paper about it.D) He is required to do so by his boss. Conversation Two.1. A) She is a fashion designer.B) She is a marketing manager.C) She is a magazine editor.D) She is a TV presenter.2. A) The latest fashion trends.B) How to promote products effectively.C) The influence of social media on fashion.D) How to choose the right models for shows.3. A) By conducting market surveys.B) By following fashion bloggers.C) By attending fashion shows.D) By reading fashion magazines.4. A) It is very challenging.B) It is quite rewarding.C) It is rather boring.D) It is extremely stressful.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage One.1. A) It was founded in the 19th century.B) It is located in a small town.C) It has a large number of students.D) It offers a wide range of courses.2. A) To improve students' practical skills.B) To attract more international students.C) To keep up with the latest technological developments.D) To meet the needs of local employers.3. A) They are required to do internships.B) They have to pass a series of exams.C) They need to write a thesis.D) They must complete a project.4. A) It has a high employment rate.B) It has a beautiful campus.C) It has excellent teaching facilities.D) It has a strong faculty.Passage Two.1. A) How to deal with stress.B) The causes of stress.C) The effects of stress on health.D) Different types of stress.2. A) Work pressure.B) Family problems.C) Financial difficulties.D) All of the above.3. A) By taking some medications.B) By doing regular exercise.C) By changing one's lifestyle.D) By seeking professional help.4. A) Stress can be completely eliminated.B) Stress is always harmful to people.C) A certain amount of stress can be beneficial.D) People should avoid stress as much as possible. Passage Three.1. A) It is a new form of energy.B) It is a renewable resource.C) It is widely used in industry.D) It is very expensive to produce.2. A) Solar panels.B) Wind turbines.C) Hydroelectric power plants.D) Nuclear reactors.3. A) It is clean and environmentally friendly.B) It can be stored easily.C) It is more efficient than other energy sources.D) It is not affected by weather conditions.4. A) The lack of government support.B) The high cost of installation.C) The limited availability of resources.D) The technical problems in production.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has been one of the most significant technological trends in recent years. AI has the potential to (1) _revolutionize_ many industries, including healthcare, finance, and transportation.In healthcare, AI can be used to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. For example, it can analyze medical images such as X - rays and CT scans more (2) _accurately_ than human doctors in some cases. This can lead to earlier detection of diseases and better treatment outcomes.In finance, AI can be used for fraud detection. It can analyze large amounts of financial data in real - time to identify (3) _suspicious_ transactions. This helps financial institutions to protect their customers' money and maintain the integrity of the financial system.However, the development of AI also raises some concerns. One concernis the potential loss of jobs. As AI systems become more capable, they may replace humans in certain tasks. Another concern is the ethical use of AI.For example, how should AI be used in decision - making processes that affect people's lives?To address these concerns, governments and international organizations need to develop appropriate regulations. At the same time, researchers and developers should also be (4) _responsible_ for ensuring the ethical use of AI.三、阅读理解（40分钟）Section A.Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once.The concept of "smart cities" has been around for a while, but it is only in recent years that it has really started to gain (1) _momentum_. A smart city is a city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the quality of life of its residents, enhance urban (2) _efficiency_, and promote sustainable development.There are many different aspects to a smart city. For example, in the area of transportation, smart cities can use ICTs to manage traffic flow more effectively. This can include things like intelligent traffic lights that (3) _adjust_ their timing based on real - time traffic conditions, and public transportation systems that provide passengers with real - time information about bus or train arrivals.In the area of energy management, smart cities can use ICTs to monitor and control energy consumption. This can help to reduce energy waste and (4) _lower_ carbon emissions. For example, smart meters can be installed in homes and businesses to provide real - time information about energy usage, and building management systems can be used to automatically adjust heating, ventilation, and air - conditioning (HVAC) systems based on occupancy levels.Another important aspect of smart cities is the use of ICTs for public safety. This can include things like surveillance cameras that are connected to a central monitoring system, and emergency response systemsthat can quickly (5) _dispatch_ police, fire, or ambulance services when needed.However, building a smart city is not without challenges. One of the biggest challenges is the need for (6) _interoperability_ between different ICT systems. For example, if a city wants to integrate its traffic management system with its energy management system, the two systems needto be able to communicate with each other effectively.Another challenge is the issue of data privacy and security. As smart cities collect and use large amounts of data about their residents, it is essential to ensure that this data is protected from unauthorized accessand misuse.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of smart cities are significant. By improving the quality of life of their residents, enhancing urban efficiency, and promoting sustainable development, smart cities can play an important role in the future of urban (7) _development_.Word Bank:A) adjust.B) dispatch.C) efficiency.D) interoperability.E) lower.F) momentum.G) privacy.H) security.I) sustainable.J) urban.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose the best answer to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.Passage One.The sharing economy has been growing rapidly in recent years. Companies like Airbnb and Uber have disrupted traditional industries by enabling individuals to share their assets, such as their homes or cars, with others.One of the main drivers of the sharing economy is the increasing use of mobile technology. Mobile apps have made it easy for people to connect with others who are interested in sharing their assets. Another driver is thegrowing awareness of the environmental and economic benefits of sharing. For example, sharing a car instead of owning one can reduce traffic congestion and carbon emissions.However, the sharing economy also faces some challenges. One challenge is the lack of regulation in some areas. For example, in some cities, Airbnb has faced criticism for not following local housing regulations. Another challenge is the issue of trust. Since sharing economy transactions often involve strangers, there is a need to build trust between the parties involved.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A) The sharing economy is a new and innovative business model.B) The sharing economy has both advantages and challenges.C) Mobile technology is the key to the success of the sharing economy.D) The sharing economy is facing serious regulatory problems.2. According to the passage, what are the main drivers of the sharing economy?A) Mobile technology and environmental awareness.B) The need to reduce traffic congestion and carbon emissions.C) The desire to make more money by sharing assets.D) The lack of trust in traditional industries.3. What is one of the challenges faced by the sharing economy?A) The high cost of using sharing economy platforms.B) The difficulty in finding people to share assets with.C) The lack of trust between the parties involved.D) The over - regulation of sharing economy activities.Passage Two.The rise of e - commerce has had a significant impact on traditional retail stores. In recent years, many brick - and - mortar stores have been closing down as consumers increasingly prefer to shop online.One of the main reasons for the popularity of e - commerce is the convenience it offers. Consumers can shop from the comfort of their own homes, at any time of the day or night. Another reason is the widerselection of products available online. E - commerce platforms can offer a much larger range of products than a single physical store.However, e - commerce also has some disadvantages. One disadvantage is the lack of the ability to physically examine products before purchasing. This can lead to problems such as receiving damaged or defective products. Another disadvantage is the potential for fraud. Since e - commerce transactions are often conducted over the Internet, there is a risk of identity theft and other forms of fraud.1. What is the main impact of e - commerce on traditional retail stores?A) It has made traditional retail stores more competitive.B) It has led to the closure of many traditional retail stores.C) It has forced traditional retail stores to improve their services.D) It has had no significant impact on traditional retail stores.2. What are the main reasons for the popularity of e - commerce?A) The lower prices and better quality of products.B) The convenience and wider selection of products.C) The ability to interact with other shoppers online.D) The faster delivery times and better customer service.3. What are the disadvantages of e - commerce?A) The high cost of shipping and handling.B) The limited selection of products.C) The inability to physically examine products and the potential for fraud.D) The lack of personal interaction with salespeople.Section C.Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One.Genetically modified (GM) foods have been a controversial topic for many years. Supporters of GM foods argue that they can help to solve global food security problems by increasing crop yields and reducing the need for pesticides. They also claim that GM foods are safe for human consumption, as they have been extensively tested.However, opponents of GM foods have several concerns. One concern is the potential long - term health effects of consuming GM foods. Although there is currently no scientific evidence to suggest that GM foods are harmful, some people worry that there may be unforeseen consequences in the future. Another concern is the impact of GM crops on the environment. For example, some GM crops are engineered to be resistant to pesticides, which could lead to the overuse of pesticides and the development of pesticide - resistant weeds.1. What is the main argument of supporters of GM foods?A) GM foods are cheaper than non - GM foods.B) GM foods can solve global food security problems.C) GM foods are more nutritious than non - GM foods.D) GM foods are easier to grow than non - GM foods.2. What are the concerns of opponents of GM foods?A) The short - term health effects and the impact on the environment.B) The long - term health effects and the impact on the environment.C) The taste and quality of GM foods.D) The availability and cost of GM foods.3. What can be inferred from the passage about the safety of GM foods?A) GM foods are definitely safe for human consumption.B) GM foods are definitely harmful to human consumption.C) There is currently no scientific evidence to suggest that GM foods are harmful.D) There is scientific evidence to suggest that GM foods are harmful.Passage Two.The Internet has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. One of the most significant changes has been in the field of education. Online education has become increasingly popular in recent years, offering students a flexible and convenient way to study.There are many different types of online education programs available. Some are offered by traditional universities, while others are provided by specialized online education providers. These programs can range from short - term courses to full - degree programs.One of the advantages of online education is that it allows students to study at their own pace. They can log in to the course materials whenever they have time and complete the assignments at their own speed. Another advantage is that it can be more cost - effective than traditional education. Since there are no physical classrooms or campus facilities to maintain, online education providers can often offer lower tuition fees.However, online education also has some challenges. One challenge isthe lack of face - to - face interaction with instructors and other students. This can make it difficult for some students to stay motivatedand engaged in the learning process. Another challenge is the need for students to have a high level of self - discipline, as they are responsible for managing their own study time.1. What is the main change in education brought about by the Internet?A) It has made education more expensive.B) It has made education more difficult.C) It has made online education more popular.D) It has made traditional education obsolete.2. What are the advantages of online education?A) It allows students to study at their own pace and is cost - effective.B) It provides more face - to - face interaction with instructors.C) It has more comprehensive course materials.D) It offers a more traditional learning environment.3. What are the challenges of online education?A) The high cost of tuition and the lack of course variety.B) The lack of face - to - face interaction and the need for self - discipline.C) The difficulty in accessing course materials and the slow Internet speed.D) The short duration of courses and the lack of accreditation.四、翻译（30分钟）题目：中国的城市化（urbanization）将会充分释放潜在内需（domestic demand）。

初三未来科技英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making remarkable strides in the medical field in recent years. In the area of disease diagnosis, AI - powered systems are showing great potential. For example, some AI algorithms can analyze medical images such as X - rays, CT scans, and MRIs with high precision. These algorithms are trained on vast amounts of data, which enables them to detect even the subtlest signs of diseases. In the case of lung cancer diagnosis, AI can spot tiny nodules that might be overlooked by human eyes, thus allowing for earlier detection and better treatment outcomes.When it comes to drug development, AI is also playing a crucial role. It can accelerate the process by predicting the effectiveness of potential drugs. AI - based models can simulate how different drugs interact with biological molecules, saving a significant amount of time and resources. For instance, by analyzing the molecular structure of a disease - causing agent and thousands of existing drugs, AI can quickly identify which drugs are more likely to be effective against the disease, reducing the need for time - consuming and costly laboratory experiments.Medical robots are another area where AI is making an impact.Surgical robots, for example, can be controlled with the help of AI technology. These robots can perform minimally invasive surgeries with greater precision than human surgeons in some cases. They can also reduce the risk of human error during operations. Moreover, there are also robots designed to assist patients in rehabilitation. These robots can adjust the rehabilitation program according to the patient's progress, providing more personalized care.However, the application of AI in the medical field also faces some challenges. One of the main concerns is data privacy. Since AI systems rely on large amounts of patient data, ensuring the security and privacy of this data is of utmost importance. Another challenge is the regulatory approval process. New AI - based medical products need to go through strict regulatory reviews to ensure their safety and effectiveness.1. <问题1>What can AI - powered systems do in disease diagnosis according to the passage?A. Only analyze X - rays.B. Detect diseases by analyzing various medical images with high precision.C. Replace human doctors completely.D. Ignore the subtlest signs of diseases.答案：B。

28GHz室内毫米波信道路径损耗模型研究李双德;刘芫健;林乐科【摘要】毫米波信道建模是第五代(the 5th Generation,5G)移动通信系统的关键技术,而路径损耗是表征毫米波信道传播大尺度衰落影响的重要参数.为了更好地理解毫米波信道的传播特性,应进行广泛的信道测量与建模.因此,对28 GHz室内环境进行了信道测量,并给出了相应的毫米波信道路径损耗模型,同时基于入射及反弹射线法/镜像法仿真分析了路径损耗传播特性.研究结果表明:实测结果与仿真结果一致性吻合良好,从而验证了入射及反弹射线法/镜像法的正确性;自由空间邻近(Close-In,CI)参考距离路径损耗模型表达式更简洁,鲁棒性更强.最后,本文给出了一种普遍适用的用来表征室内视距(Line-of-Sight,LOS)与非视距(Non-Line-of-Sight,NLOS)环境28 GHz与60 GHz毫米波信道的路径损耗模型.%The millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel modeling will be one of the key technologies for the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems,and the path loss is a significant parameter which can be applicated to characterize the large scale fading of the mmWave channel propagation.To have a better understanding the propagation characteristics of mmWave channel,extensive channel measurements and modeling should be conducted.Thus,in this paper,the measurements of mmWave channel are carried out in indoor environment at 28 GHz,and the corresponding path loss models of mmWave channel are also given.At the same time,the propagation characteristics of path loss are analyzed based on the method of shooting-and-bouncing-ray/image (SBR/Image).The results show that:a good agreement is achieved between the measuredresults and the simulated results,so the correctness of SBR/Image method is validated;the path loss model of the close-in (CI) free space reference distance provides more accuracy and stability in indoor scenarios.Finally,a universally applicable path loss model for 28 GHz and 60 GHz mmWave channels in indoor LOS and NLOS environment is given.【期刊名称】《电波科学学报》【年(卷),期】2017(032)005【总页数】10页(P602-611)【关键词】毫米波信道;办公室;室内走廊;路径损耗模型;28 GHz【作者】李双德;刘芫健;林乐科【作者单位】南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院,南京210023;南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院,南京210023;中国电波传播研究所电波环境特性及模化技术重点实验室,青岛266107【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN928引言随着移动通信网络的快速发展,通信业务的不断增长,网络流量的持续上升,第五代(the 5th Generation, 5G)移动通信技术业务的提供能力将更加丰富,目前得到了全球企业、研究所和高等院校的广泛关注和大量研究[1]. 毫米波信道建模及传播特性研究是5G无线通信系统的关键技术,它允许使用更多的频谱来支持各种多媒体业务所需的更大的数据流量,如无人驾驶、智能终端和回程服务[2]. 随着5G技术的深入研究,相应的毫米波信道模型也表现出了不同的特性,因此相关的信道测量与建模需要迫切开展[3]. 此外,国际电信联盟 (International Telecommunication Union, ITU)在全球无线电通信会议(World Radio Communication Conference, WRC-15)中将24.25～27.5 GHz作为5G主要候选频段之一[4]. 我国工业和信息化部批复24.25～27.5 GHz 频段用于我国5G技术研发试验,28 GHz频段被首先确定为实现商用化的5G候选频段.近年来,由于28 GHz毫米波信道传输速率快、能提供更大的带宽,相比60 GHz频段其空间损耗小等优点而被广泛研究. 国内外众多学者对室内外不同复杂环境的28 GHz毫米波信道传播特性进行了研究. 通过对实际测量数据进行统计与分析,研究了毫米波信道传播特性参数,提出了相应的信道模型. 对于室外28 GHz毫米波信道,Rappaport团队使用宽带滑动相关信道探测器,在曼哈顿市中心的纽约大学及布鲁克林区市中心进行信道测量,研究了每一个频点的路径损耗、多径时延扩展、到达多径数、中断率等,提出了定向和全向路径损耗模型、时空信道模型,并指出对于特性的环境路径损耗指数随着频率的增加而略增大[2]. 此外,分析了离开角、到达角、均方根时延扩展以及建筑物的穿透和反射特性,研究表明由于市区环境相对于郊区环境中散射体数目较多,导致其路径损耗值及传播路径时延值大于郊区环境的值[5]. 由于实际信道测量成本昂贵且耗时,相对少量的信道样本可获得,通过信道仿真建模与测量结果对比分析进行一致性验证,研究表明通过射线跟踪方法可以获取大量的信道样本来填补实测样本中的空白. 因此,Hur等[6]利用确定性射线跟踪方法与实际信道测量研究了韩国大田城市街道环境及纽约大学校园环境下的无线信道参数,同时提出了视距(Line-of-Sight, LOS)概率模型、路径损耗模型及双向信道模型. 对于室内28 GHz毫米波信道,Deng等[7]使用不同极化形式的定向喇叭天线和垂直极化全向天线对典型的室内办公环境进行了信道测试,采用最小均方误差拟合分析了不同极化形式的定向与全向路径损耗模型. 为避免最小均方误差拟合方法的计算复杂度, Al-Samman等[8]研究了典型室内走廊环境毫米波信道模型,在自由空间相对参考距离路径损耗模型的基础上引入了交叉极化鉴别因子与频率衰减因子,提出了一种新型的路径损耗模型. 另外,毫米波大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)信道建模也是5G的研究热点之一. 文献[9]基于定向信道探测器,对室内楼层环境及市区环境进行大量信道测量,分析了多径时延、路径损耗及角度统计等传播特性参数,重点研究了时域与空间域的丛簇特性. 研究表明,时域多径丛簇概率密度函数服从指数分布,空间域服从拉普拉斯分布. 文献[10]使用先进的MIMO信道探测器在典型的会议室中进行信道测量,基于实测数据分析了路径损耗模型与阴影衰落. 不同的信道测量方式导致提取信道参数的方法也不同. Wu等[11]利用可旋转的定向天线及矢量网络分析仪在实验室环境中进行信道测量,利用空间交替广义期望最大化(Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-maximization, SAGE)算法对到达接收端的多径丛簇特性进行了分析. 另外,分析得到了功率延迟分布、功率角度分布以及均方根时延扩展等传播特性参数. 文献[12]利用可旋转定向天线在典型会议室环境中进行信道测量,研究分析了使用不同的半功率点带宽天线的接收信号强度,大尺度衰落下的路径损耗模型以及阴影衰落分布,研究表明,当收发天线的半功率点波束宽度较大时,其路径损耗指数较小,其阴影衰落服从对数正态分布.现有文献中针对5G毫米波热点频段28 GHz频段,还很难发现用来表征普遍适用的室内环境信道的具体路径损耗模型. 本文在典型的室内办公室环境以及室内走廊环境中进行测量、建模与研究,提取相应的路径损耗模型,并与众多研究学者提出的特定室内环境路径损耗模型进行对比分析,给出一种普遍适用的室内环境28 GHz 与60 GHz毫米波信道的路径损耗模型.1 入射及反弹射线法/镜像法入射及反弹射线法/镜像法[13-14](Shooting-and-Bouncing-Ray/Image method, SBR/Image method)适用于典型室内复杂毫米波传播环境中,它可以找到从发射机到接收机的所有电波传播路径,具有较高的计算精度和计算效率,这种方法是一种具有较高实用价值的电波传播预测方法. 该方法的具体实现流程如图1所示.图1 基于SBR/Image方法的技术路线流程图1) 创建室内环境模型将室内复杂环境的建筑结构进行简化及抽象化,赋予每个面一个唯一的标识符来表示该平面,同时记录每个平面的几何数据及形态数据. 几何模型需要预先设定房间的长、宽、高,发射点源坐标,接收点坐标等. 室内物理模型需要储存各个墙面介质材料的电参数,例如:相对介电常数、相对磁导率和电导率.2) 创建波前球先确定波前球的半径,并建立一个内接于波前球的正二十面体,由正二十面体的特征可以计算出它的12个顶点坐标. 然后对其进行细分, 细分是因为射线管截面将随着传播距离的增加而不断扩大,从而影响跟踪的精度,所以应该划分为精细的波前面使射线管的截面变小.每一次划分时取每条边的中点,然后连接各个中点将其分成4等份.3) 建立发射射线管已知发射点源和接收点的坐标,从正二十面体的12个定点确定构成的20个三角形射线管,每个射线管的三条射线方向矢量唯一确定.4) 墙面相交测试判断射线管与平面的相交[13],若射线平行于平面,可做不相交处理;若射线在平面上,则与该平面有无数个交点;反之,射线所在直线和平面有一交点.5) 反射管方向矢量的确定求墙面所在平面的法向量[14],根据镜像理论求出电源关于平面的镜像点,由平面解析几何理论,求出反射管的方向矢量.6) 接收点的判收计算射线管的三条射线到达接收点的两两围成的角度之和,若角度和等于360°,则可视为该射线管可到达接收点.7) 总场强计算到达接收天线的信号有许多的多径分量,其中的每一条多径分量都是发射射线与周围物体和环境相互作用的结果.接收端接收的场强是直射场、反射场、绕射场与透射场之和.2 测量环境与测量系统2.1 测量环境本文的测量环境分三类:第一类为会议室,长、宽均为5.86 m,高为2.40 m,室内放置长宽高分别为3.63 m、1.83 m、0.77 m的办公桌,办公桌由木头材料制成,测量环境如图2(a)所示;第二类为室内走廊环境,长宽高分别为25 m、2 m、2.2 m,走廊环境平面图如图2(b)所示;第三类为办公室复杂环境,长30 m,宽12 m,高4 m,办公室四周墙壁为混泥土,其平面图如图2(c)所示,其中花型代表盆栽,深黑色表示可旋转的椅子,灰色表示办公的桌子,Tx1表示发射天线的位置,Rx表示接收天线的位置.(a) 会议室环境(b) 室内走廊环境(c) 办公室复杂环境图2 测量环境2.2 测量系统针对测量环境一和二使用的测量设备如图3(a)所示,信号发射机包括产生基带信号模块和上变频模块. 基带信号模块产生PN序列,通过ASK或BPSK调制后送入上变频模块. 通过两次上变频,基带信号被调至28 GHz,然后将变频后的信号发射出去.接收机由下变频模块和基带信号采集模块两部分组成. 下变频模块将天线收到的信号通过一次下变频和一次IQ下变频将信号搬移至零中频. 采集模块采用两路同步的采集信号,得到IQ信号. 最后,对信号进行提取、处理和分析,最终得到毫米波无线信道传播特性参数. 测量时,收发两端都采用垂直极化的喇叭天线,天线增益25 dBi,收发天线高度都为1.80 m,发射功率为21.3 dBm. 发射天线在室内平面图中Tx所标注的位置处,在会议室中接收天线沿着A-B-C-D移动,在室内走廊环境中,接收天线沿着虚线箭头方向一直移动下去.对于测量环境三使用的测量设备如图3(b)所示,测量系统由发射机和接收机两部分构成.发射机主要包括产生基带信号的任意波形发生器M8190A、用以信号调制的矢量信号发生器E8267D、功率放大器、发射天线,以及同步铷钟模块四部分. 接收机主要包括接收天线、天线控制开关、解调器N5183A、低噪声放大器,以及铷钟模块等. 测量原理是先产生基带信号,再经过上变频到28 GHz频段,再经过功率放大器,并由发射天线将信号发射出去. 发射信号经待测信道后,接收天线接收信号,再经过下变频与低噪声放大器后,采集信号,由此得到接收信号. 接收端与发射端分别与计算机相连. 接收机位于图2(c)中Rx1、Rx2、Rx3和Rx4处,分别在这四个位置上进行测量,喇叭天线半功率角约为10°. 每个接收位置进行测量时,俯仰角保持0°,并在水平面顺时针旋转喇叭天线的方位角,每隔7.5°旋转一次,这样,每个测量点处共进行48次测量. 测量系统的参数如表1所示.(a) 测量系统一(b) 测量系统二图3 测量系统表1 测量系统参数参数取值中心频率/GHz28带宽/MHz500发射天线垂直极化全向天线接收天线垂直极化的喇叭天线发射功率/dBm0收/发端高度/m1.80/1.80接收端天线增益/dBi253 测量与仿真结果对比分析3.1 测量与仿真路径损耗模型路径损耗[15]是表征无线信道传播大尺度衰落影响的重要参数之一. 在本文中,基于实际测量数据与仿真结果,考虑两种典型的路径损耗模型,即:自由空间邻近(Close-In, CI)参考距离的路径损耗模型[16]和ABG (Alpha-Beta-Gamma)路径损耗模型[17]. CI路径损耗模型为(1)式中:d0是自由空间相对参考距离;f是载频;c是光速;d是发射天线与接收天线之间的距离是服从零均值的高斯随机变量,σ是标准差;n为路径损耗指数,n=1相当于平面导波路径损耗,n=2属于自由空间路径损耗[18].ABG路径损耗模型为(2)式中:表示随着载频以及收发天线之间距离变化的路径损耗,dB;α表示收发天线之间距离对路径损耗影响参数;β表示路径损耗优化补偿值是服从均值为零标准差为σ的高斯随机变量;γ表示载频对路径损耗影响参数,当载频为单一固定值时[19],γ一般设置为0或2. 在本文中载频都为28 GHz,γ设置为0,此时,路径损耗模型即为AB模型.对于场景一会议办公室,当接收天线沿着会议桌四周每隔0.6 m移动一次时,实际测量路径损耗模型与仿真路径损耗模型如图4所示．根据最小二乘法对于实际测量数据(蓝色点表示实际测量数据)拟合为n=1.82,σ=0.80 dB.其CI模型仿真数据(红色点表示仿真数据)拟合值为n=1.61,σ=0.60 dB.AB G模型仿真数据拟合值为α=2.43,β=59.98 dB,σ=3.65 dB.通过对比可以看出:实际测量路损模型与仿真结果基本一致,验证了SBR/Image方法在研究毫米波信道的有效性与可靠性;CI模型形式简单、鲁棒性更好,该结果与文献[20]一致,因此后两个场景考虑CI路径损耗模型. 图4 28 GHz会议室环境路径损耗模型对于场景二室内走廊环境,当接收天线沿着虚线路径每隔0.6 m移动一次时,实际测量路径损耗模型与仿真路径损耗模型如图5所示．根据最小二乘法对于实际测量数据(蓝色点表示实际测量数据)拟合为n=1.78,σ=2.10 dB.CI模型仿真数据(红色点表示仿真数据)拟合值为n=1.41,σ=0.85 dB.从图2可以明显看出,在LOS室内走廊环境中,路径损耗指数要比自由空间传播路径损耗指数小,这是由于波导效应造成的. 当收发距离较小时,由于电波碰到天花板、地板、墙壁等室内障碍物后进行反射,反射波部分被定向天线的空间滤波所滤掉;然而在较大的距离上,反射波对平均接收功率贡献较大,导致路径损耗要比自由空间小. 另外,通过对比实测与仿真得到的CI路径损耗模型,可以看到结果基本一致,有一些地方略有差异,这是由于仿真建模与实际测量环境之间有一定的差异,包括建筑物材料的相对介电常数与电导率之间的差异,还有信道中散射物体位置的不精确性造成的.图5 28 GHz室内走廊环境路径损耗模型对于场景三室内科研室办公环境,由于在实际测量信道中,发射端采用全向天线,接收端采用旋转的定向喇叭天线,这样的信道可以看成是单输入多输出(Single-Input Multiple-Output, SIMO)信道. 在接收端使用高增益的喇叭天线时,可根据方向扫描探测(Direction-Scan-Sounding, DSS)[21]方法对信道进行测量,DSS信道探测示意图[15]如图6所示.图6 DSS信道探测示意图在本次测量中,接收端可以看成N=48个分量合成,接收端接收到的信号可表示为[15]s(t;ρl) =[s1(t;ρl),…,sN(t;ρl)]T=c(θl,φl)αlexp(j2πvlt)u(t-τl).(3)式中:ρl=[τl,θl,φl,vl,αl]是信道预估参数.若在测量过程中,信道是时不变信道,那么旋转矢量可表示为(4)则接收端接收到的总信号可表示为(5)式中:N(t)=[N1(t),…,NN(t)]T是复高斯白噪声;N0为常数.在仿真建模过程中,收发两端都采用全向天线,通过对实测数据及仿真数据处理,在四个接收点处实际测量的路径损耗如图7所示．实测与仿真接收功率对比如表2所示. 通过对比,可以得到在接收端定向喇叭天线可以近似看成全向天线,这样不仅能把每一个平面上的多径分量全部接收,而且也可以同时利用天线的分集技术补偿衰落信道的路径损耗.图7 四个接收点处的实测路径损耗表2 实际测量与仿真建模总的接收功率值对比接收点实测值/dBm仿真值/dBmRx1-83.97-83.35Rx2-80.53-76.95Rx3-74.29-72.99Rx4-71.86-71.05通过对室内科研办公室环境中路径1、路径2以及路径3进行仿真分析,得到路径损耗模型如图8所示,该路径损耗模型与之前的会议室路径损耗模型基本一致.图8 28 GHz科研办公室环境路径损耗模型3.2 室内环境普遍适用的路径损耗模型每一个室内环境的结构、尺寸、墙壁材料以及室内散射物体的位置、形状等都有本质性的差异. 此外,实际信道测量设备也不同,后期对实际信道测量数据处理的算法以及处理过程中设置噪声门限准则也有很大的区别,提取的信道参数表面上不具备可比性,但是对于不同的室内环境,其毫米波无线信道多径传播特性参数中路径损耗模型表现出一定的相似性[22],因此可以通过对比分析得到室内环境下28 GHz与60 GHz毫米波无线信道的一种普遍适用的路径损耗模型. 本文实测与仿真得到的路径损耗参数与国内外其他研究学者研究得到的路径损耗信道参数对比如表3所示.表3 28 GHz室内环境毫米波信道路径损耗参数对比测量环境路径nσ/dB内走廊[7]LOS1.352.95办公室[8]LOSNLOS1.403.602.1510.60办公楼层[9]LOSNLOS1.872.802.076.18会议室[23]LOS1.80-室内走廊[23]LOS1.20-铁路[24]客运站[24]LOSNLOS2.153.031.197.80飞机场[24]客运站[24]LOSNLOS2.172.681.335.28室内走廊[25]LOSNLOS1.752.851.155.80办公室[25]NLOS3.2510.40办公室[26]LOSNLOS1.202.902.3010.90办公室[27]LOSNLOS1.842.993.406.60国际机场[28]LOSNLOS1.802.501.406.40会议室(本文)LOS1.720.70室内走廊(本文)LOS1.601.48科研室(本文)LOS1.691.60 通过比较本文得到的室内路径损耗模型与现有文献中存在的室内路径损耗模型,可以将室内环境整体分成四类,分别为:室内办公室环境、室内走廊环境、室内大型候车厅环境以及室内楼层环境. 这四类环境根据直射路径是否被阻挡又可以分为室内LOS环境和室内非视距 (Non-Line-of-Sight, NLOS)环境,通过对表中所有四类环境中提取的路径损耗模型参数取均值,得到四类室内环境中路径损耗参数的均值,结果如表4所示.表4 28 GHz不同类室内环境平均路径损耗指数与平均标准差测量环境路径nσ/dB办公室LOS1.612.03走廊LOS1.481.86候车厅LOS2.041.31楼层LOS1.872.07办公室NLOS3.199.63走廊NLOS2.855.80候车厅NLOS2.746.49楼层NLOS2.806.18通过比较表4得到的平均路径损耗参数,可以看到,室内LOS走廊环境的平均路径损耗指数最小,其值为1.48,这是由于波导效应造成的.另外,通过对比还发现室内环境的路径损耗参数具有相似性,因此室内LOS环境与NLOS环境可以总结概括为通用的路径损耗模型,其路径损耗模型参数结果如表5所示.表5 28 GHz室内环境路径损耗普遍适用模型参数测量环境路径nσ/dB室内环境LOS1.751.82室内环境NLOS2.907.03由表5知,当载频为28 GHz,对于室内LOS环境,其一般CI路径损耗模型基本可以表示为(6)当载频为28 GHz,对于室内NLOS环境,其一般CI路径损耗模型基本可以表示为(7)文献[29]中,Peter F. M. Smulders针对前人已发表的测量和信道建模结果,对60 GHz室内无线信道的传播特性进行了综合分析,推导得出一种普遍适用于60 GHz 室内无线信道的路径损耗模型,得到的CI路径损耗模型参数如表6所示.该CI路径损耗模型参数值与本文得到的28 GHz室内无线信道的路径损耗模型参数结果基本一致.表6 60 GHz室内环境路径损耗普遍适用模型参数测量环境路径nσ/dB室内环境LOS1.701.80室内环境NLOS3.304.60通过对比可以看出在毫米波信道中,当载频为28 GHz与60 GHz时,对于室内LOS 环境,其一般CI路径损耗模型基本可以表示为(8)对于室内NLOS环境,其一般CI路径损耗模型基本可以表示为(9)4 结论本文对28 GHz三种室内典型毫米波信道进行了大量的测量,并通过将实际测量结果与入射及反弹射线法/镜像法结果对比分析,验证了该方法的正确性. 结果表明CI 模型更稳定,形式更简单. 在DSS信道探测中,通过实测结果与仿真结果对比分析可以得到:利用旋转的定向喇叭天线可近似看成全向天线,不仅可以全方位地检测到达接收端的多径信号,而且可以使用定向天线覆盖较大的范围. 最后,给出了一种普遍适用于28 GHz毫米波信道室内环境CI路径损耗模型,同时给出了一种普遍适用于当载频为28 GHz与60 GHz的毫米波信道室内环境CI路径损耗模型. 本文结果可以为5G毫米波通信系统的设计及无线信道建模提供理论依据.致谢:感谢北京邮电大学通信实验室对会议办公室及室内走廊环境提供了实际测量的平台,感谢中国电波传播研究所对复杂办公室环境的实际测量工作给予的支持. 参考文献[1] 张平, 陶运铮, 张治. 5G若干关键技术评述[J]. 通信学报, 2016, 37(7): 15-29. ZHANG P, TAO Y Z, ZHANG Z. Survey of several key technologies for 5G[J]. Journal on communications, 2016, 37(7): 15-29. (in Chinese)[2] RAPPAPORT T S, MACCART G R, SAMIMI M K, et al. 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You，ZHANG WeiHua8.Application research on the chaos synchronization self-mainten ance characteristic to secret communication WU DanHui，ZHAO Che nFei，ZHANG YuJie9.The changes on synchronizing ability of coupled networks fro m ring networks to chain networks HAN XiuPing，LU JunAn10.A new approach to consensus problems in discrete-time mult iagent systems with time-delays WANG Long，XIAO Feng11.Unified stabilizing controller synthesis approach for discrete-ti me intelligent systems with time delays by dynamic output feedbac k LIU MeiQin1.Survey of information security SHEN ChangXiang，ZHANG Hua ngGuo，FENG DengGuo，CAO ZhenFu，HUANG JiWu2.Analysis of affinely equivalent Boolean functions MENG QingSh u，ZHANG HuanGuo，YANG Min，WANG ZhangYi3.Boolean functions of an odd number of variables with maximu m algebraic immunity LI Na，QI WenFeng4.Pirate decoder for the broadcast encryption schemes from Cry pto 2005 WENG Jian，LIU ShengLi，CHEN KeFei5.Symmetric-key cryptosystem with DNA technology LU MingXin，LAI XueJia，XIAO GuoZhen，QIN Lei6.A chaos-based image encryption algorithm using alternate stru cture ZHANG YiWei，WANG YuMin，SHEN XuBang7.Impossible differential cryptanalysis of advanced encryption sta ndard CHEN Jie，HU YuPu，ZHANG YueYu8.Classification and counting on multi-continued fractions and its application to multi-sequences DAI ZongDuo，FENG XiuTao9.A trinomial type of σ-LFSR oriented toward software implemen tation ZENG Guang，HE KaiCheng，HAN WenBao10.Identity-based signature scheme based on quadratic residues CHAI ZhenChuan，CAO ZhenFu，DONG XiaoLei11.Modular approach to the design and analysis of password-ba sed security protocols FENG DengGuo，CHEN WeiDong12.Design of secure operating systems with high security levels QING SiHan，SHEN ChangXiang13.A formal model for access control with supporting spatial co ntext ZHANG Hong，HE YePing，SHI ZhiGuo14.Universally composable anonymous Hash certification model ZHANG Fan，MA JianFeng，SangJae MOON15.Trusted dynamic level scheduling based on Bayes trust model WANG Wei，ZENG GuoSun16.Log-scaling magnitude modulated watermarking scheme LING HeFei，YUAN WuGang，ZOU FuHao，LU ZhengDing17.A digital authentication watermarking scheme for JPEG image s with superior localization and security YU Miao，HE HongJie，ZHA NG JiaShu18.Blind reconnaissance of the pseudo-random sequence in DS/ SS signal with negative SNR HUANG XianGao，HUANG Wei，WANG Chao，L(U) ZeJun，HU YanHua1.Analysis of security protocols based on challenge-response LU O JunZhou，YANG Ming2.Notes on automata theory based on quantum logic QIU Dao Wen3.Optimality analysis of one-step OOSM filtering algorithms in t arget tracking ZHOU WenHui，LI Lin，CHEN GuoHai，YU AnXi4.A general approach to attribute reduction in rough set theory ZHANG WenXiuiu，QIU GuoFang，WU WeiZhi5.Multiscale stochastic hierarchical image segmentation by spectr al clustering LI XiaoBin，TIAN Zheng6.Energy-based adaptive orthogonal FRIT and its application in i mage denoising LIU YunXia，PENG YuHua，QU HuaiJing，YiN Yong7.Remote sensing image fusion based on Bayesian linear estimat ion GE ZhiRong，WANG Bin，ZHANG LiMing8.Fiber soliton-form 3R regenerator and its performance analysis ZHU Bo，YANG XiangLin9.Study on relationships of electromagnetic band structures and left/right handed structures GAO Chu，CHEN ZhiNing，WANG YunY i，YANG Ning10.Study on joint Bayesian model selection and parameter estim ation method of GTD model SHI ZhiGuang，ZHOU JianXiong，ZHAO HongZhong，FU Qiang。

判断题：正确写A,错误写BChapter1:1.Linguisticsisthesystematicstudyoflanguage.True.2.Linguisticsdealswithaparticularlanguage.False.3.Linguisticsisscientificbecauseitishelpfultolanguageuse.False.4.Thetaskofalinguististodiscoverthenatureandrulesoftheunderlyinglanguagesystem.True.5.Linguisticsisgenerallydividedintogeneralandspecificlinguistics.False.6.Generallinguisticsdealswiththegeneralaspectsoflanguageapplication.False.7.Generallinguisticsdoesnotstudytheoriesoflanguage.False.8.Phoneticsstudieshumansoundpatterningandthemeaningofsoundsincommunication.False.9.Phonologystudieshowasoundisproduced.False.10.Morphologyisthestudyofsentences.False.11.Syntaxisthestudyoftherulesofwords.False.12.Semanticsisthestudyofwordmeaning.False.13.Pragmaticsisthestudyofmeaningincontextoflanguageuse.True.14.Sociolinguisticsdealswiththerelationbetweenlanguageandsociety.True.15.Psycholinguisticsdealswiththerelationoflanguagetopsychology.True.16.Appliedlinguisticsmeansthelanguageapplicationtospecificareas.False.17.Modernlinguisticsaimsatprescribingmodelsforlanguageuserstofollow.False.18.Synchroniclinguisticsdealswithaseriesoflanguagephenomenaatthesametime.False.19.Diachroniclinguisticsisalsocalledhistoricallinguistics.True.nguemeanscompetence.False.21.ParoleisaFrenchword;itmeanstheconcretelanguageevents.True.22. F.deSaussurewasaSwisslinguist.True.23.N.ChomskyisanAmericanlinguist.True.24.AccordingtoChomsky,theinternalizationofasetofrulesabouthislanguageenablesaspeakertopr oduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentencesandrecognizesentencesthatareungramm aticalandambiguous.True.25.Chomskyregardscompetenceasanactofdoingthingswithasentence.False.26.PerformanceisthefocusofChomsky'slinguisticstudy.False.Competence,instead.27.Detailsoflanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.False.28.Displacementoflanguagemeanslanguageuseinafar-awayplace.False.29.Arbitrarinessoflanguagemeanslanguagecanbeusedfreely.False.30.Dualityoflanguagemeanslanguageisatwo-levelsystem.True.Chapter2:1.Writingismorebasicthanspeech.False.2.Therehavebeensome2,500languagesintheworld.False.3.Abouttwothirdsoflanguagesintheworldhavenothadwrittenform.True.4.Linguistsareinterestedinallsounds.False.5.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthataremeaningfulinhumancommunicationconstitutethephonicmed iumoflanguage.True.6.Phoneticsimilarity,notphoneticidentity,isthecriterionwithwhichweoperateinthephonologicala nalysisoflanguages.True.7.Thegreatestsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundintheoralcavity.True.8.Thenarrowingofspacebetweenthehardpalateandthefrontofthetongueresultsinthesound[j].True.9.[k],[g]and[n]arevelarsounds.False.10.[i]isasemi-closevowel.False.11.[h]istheglottalsound.True.12.[ei]isamonophthong.False.13.Phonologyisofageneralnature.False.14.Phoneticsdealswithspeechsoundsinallhumanlanguages.True.15.Aphonedoesnotnecessarilydistinguishmeaning.True.16.Aphonemeisaphoneticunit.False.t.17.‘Tsled'isapossiblewordinEnglish.False.18.Englishisatonelanguage.False.Chapter3:1.Theword‘predigestion'iscomposedof twomorphemes.False.2.‘Teach-in'isacompoundword.True.3.Pronounsbelongtoclosedclasswords.True.4.Theword‘unacceptability'hasfourmorphemes.True.5.Theword‘boy'isafreemorpheme.True.6.T hemorpheme‘—or'in‘actor'isani nflectionalmorpheme.False.7.The-sin‘works'of‘Heworkshard.'isaboundmorpheme.False.8.Theword‘unsad'isacceptableinEnglish.False.poundingisaverycommonandfrequentprocessforenlargingthevocabularyoftheEnglishlan guage.True.10.Theprefixa-in‘asexual'means‘without'.True.Chapter4:1.Phrasescanconsistofjustoneword,butmoreoftentheycontainotherelementsaswell.True.2.InXP,XreferstoanysuchheadasN,V,AorP.True.3.In‘abookaboutghosts',thecomplementis‘ghosts'.False.Thecomplementis‘aboutghosts'.4.InTG,determinerisoftenwrittenasDet.True.Chapter5:1.Hyponymyisarelationofexclusionofmeaning.False.2.Thewords‘alive'and‘dead'arerelationalopposites.False.3.Thewords‘lead'（领导）and‘lead'（铅球）arehomographs.True.4.Thewords‘flat'and‘apartment'arestylisticsynonyms.False.5.Thewords‘politician'and‘statesman'arecollocationalsynonyms.False.6.Thewords‘buy'and‘purchase'are dialectalsynonyms.False.7.Thewords‘shock'and‘surprise'aresemanticallydifferentsynonyms.True.8.Inthesenseset<freshman,sophomore,junior,senior>,‘junior'and‘senior'are co-hyponyms.True.9.Thewords‘doctor'and‘patient'arerel ationalsynonyms.True.10.‘IhavebeentoBeijing.'entails‘IhavebeentoNorthChina.'True.11.‘Hisfriendiscoming.'presupposes‘Hehasafriend.'True.12.‘Maryissingle.'isinconsistentwith‘Maryismarried.'True.13.‘HisdumbboyspokegoodEnglish.'isacontradiction.True.Chapter6:1.Pragmaticsisalinguisticbranchthatdevelopedinthe1890s.False.2.CourseinGeneralLinguisticswaspublishedin1889.False.3.Contextreferstotherelationbetweenlinesorparagraphsofatext.False.4.IfIsaidtoyou,‘It'sverystuffyhere.',thenmyillocutionaryactmaybeaskingyouto switchonthe air-conditioner.True.5.IfSmithsaidtoyouinasupermarket,‘Iamthirstynow,butIhavenomoneywithme',thenhisperl ocutionaryactisyourbuyinghimacoca-cola.True.6.AccordingtoAustin,‘Heisaboy.'isaconstative.True.7.AccordingtoAustin,‘Ibetyousixpenceitwillbefinethisevening.'isaperformative.True.8.‘Openthedoor!'isadirective.True.9.‘Theroomisair-conditioned.'isanexpressive.False.10.‘Wehavenevermetbefore.'isarepresentative.True.11.‘Ifireyou!'isacommissive.False.…isadeclaration.12.‘Iwillreturnthebooktoyousoon.'isanexpressive.False.13.‘Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse'isamaximofrelation.False.14.‘Bebrief'belongstothemaximofmanner.True.15.‘Make yourcontributionasinformativeasrequired(forthecurrentpurposeoftheexchange) .'belongstothemaximofq uality.False.16.B'sreplyviolatesthemaximofqualityinthedialoguebelow:A:Wheredoyoulive?B:InSouthChinaNormalUniversity.False.17.Bprobablymeansthathedoesn'twanttomakeanycommentonthelecture,inthe dialoguebel ow:A:Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture?(Thespeechmakeriscoming)B:Dowehaveclassesthisevening?True.18.Bprobablymeansthatitisimpolitetoaskaboutherage,inthedialoguebelow:A:Howoldareyou?B:Iam80.True.19.BprobablymeansthatAshouldnotlaughathimsincetheyknoweachother,inthedialoguebelow:A:Areyouagoodstudent?B:Areyou?True.Chapter7:1.Soundchangestendtobesystematic.True.2.Theword‘home'waswrittenas'ham'inOldEnglish.True.3.Theword‘mice',whichispronouncedas[mais],waspronouncedas[mi:s]inMiddle English.True.4.InChaucer'stheCanterburyTales,wecanfind‘his'toreplace‘it'inModernEnglish,asin‘Wha nthatAprillewithhisshouressooth'.Thisreflect sthechangeinthe‘agreement'rule.True.5.‘Ilovetheenot.'beforethe16thcentury,hasnowbecome‘Idonotloveyou.'This meansthechan geinnegationrule.True.6.TheEnglishpronoun‘our'hasexperiencedaprocessofsimplificationfromOld English.True.7.Theword‘fridge'isaloanword.False.8.Theword‘walkman'isablend.False.9.Theword‘mike'isaclippedword.True.10.Theword‘videophone'isanacronym.False.11.UNESCOisablend.False.12.Theword‘quake'isthe resultofback-formation.False.13.ISBNmeansInternationalStandardBookNumber.True.14.Theword‘baby-sit'isawordfromback-formation.True.15.Theword‘question'isawordborrowedfromFrench.True.16.Theword‘tea'isaloanwordfrom Chinese.True.17.Theword‘education'comesfromLatin.True.18.Theword‘dinner'comesfromFrench.True.19.Theword‘beer'comesfromGerman.True.20.Theword‘meat'weusenowhasgonethroughthenarrowingofmeaning.True.21.Theword‘holiday'hasgonethroughthewideningofmeaning.True.22.Theword‘silly'usedtomean‘happy'inOldEnglish.True.23.Theuseoftheexpressions‘toupdate',‘tohost'and‘tocheckup'indicatesthe influenceofAmer icanEnglish.True.puterlanguageisoneofthesourcesthathaveinfluencedtheEnglishlanguage.True.25.Onepossibleaccountoftheincreasinguseof‘cheap'insteadof‘cheaply'in‘Hegotitcheap.'is thatofthe‘theoryofleasteffort'.True.26.Theexpression‘It'sme'isNotacceptableinEnglish.False.Chapter8:1.Theterm‘diglossia'wasfirstusedbyFergusonin1959.True.2.Pidginscamefromablendingofafewlanguages.True.3.Atypicalexampleofabilingualcommunityisanethnicghettowheremostoftheinhabitantsareeithe rimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.True.4.Differentstylesofthesamelanguagecanberevealedthroughdifferencesatsyntactic,lexicalandph onologicallevels.True.5.Oneofthemostimportantfeaturesofbilingualismisthespecializationoffunctionofthetwovarietie s.False.6.Of‘reply'and‘answer',thelatterismoreformal.False.7.M.A.K.HallidayisaBritishlinguist.True.8.Thedeletionofthelinkverb‘be'asin‘Youcrazy'istypicalofthe syntaxofBlackEnglish(1,2).True.9.AprominentphonologicalfeatureofBlackEnglishisthedeletionoftheconsonantat theendofaword ,asin‘desk'[des].True.10.Theuseofsuchsentencesas‘Iain'tafraidofnoghosts'tomean‘I'mnota fraidof ghosts'isoneoft hesyntacticfeaturesofBlackEnglish.True.11.Accentisanimportantmarkerofsociolect.True.12.ReceivedPronunciationinBritishEnglishisadialectofLondonthatisrepresentativeofstandardE nglish.False.13.AnRPaccentoftenservesasahighstatusmarker.True.Chapter9:1.Theword‘dog'oftenconjuresupdifferentimagesintheUSandHongKong.True.2.PeopleintheWestEndinLondonspeakdifferentlyfromtheEastEnders.True.nguageplaysamajorroleinsocializingthepeopleandperpetuatingculture,especiallyinprintfor m.True.4.TheEskimoshavefarmoreword sforsnowthantheEnglishnativesinthat‘snow'is morecrucia ltothelifeoftheformer.True.5.FortheBritishpeople,theChinesegreeting‘Haveyouhaddinner?'wouldturninto‘It'sfinetoda y,isn'tit?'.True.6.ItisstandardpracticeforanEnglishnativestudenttogreethisteacherbeforealecture bysaying‘Go odmorning,teacher!'.False.7.TheChinese‘uncle'meansthesameastheBritish‘uncle'.False.8.ItisproperinEnglishtosay‘no,no'inresponsetosuchapraiseas‘You'vemadegoodprogress.' toshowone'smodesty.False.9.YoucanneveraskanEnglishnativethequestionofhisnameorage.False.10.InEnglish,theword‘blue'isassociatedwithunhappyfeelings.True.11.Itisacceptabletotranslate‘Everydoghashisday.'into‘每条狗都有自己的日子。

FoCus / phoTo newsChina Launches Its Longest-Ever Crewed Mission for Space Station ConstructionChina on October 16 launched the crewed spaceship Shenzhou-13 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China’s Gobi Desert, sending three astronauts to its space station core module Tianhe for a six-month mission.It is the 21st flight mission since the country’s manned space program was approved and initiated, and the second crewed mission for China’s space station project.The three astronauts are Zhai Zhigang, the commander and China’s first spacewalker, Wang Yaping, the first Chinese female astronaut to visit China’s space station and carry out extravehicular activities, and Ye Guangfu, a new-comer to space.They are expected to set a new record for China’s manned space mission du-ration, exceeding the three months kept by the Shenzhou-12 crew from June to September this year.Their assignments include operating mechanical arms, performing extrave-hicular activities, and having module transfer tests. They are also expected to verify key technologies concerning astronauts’ long-term stay in orbit, as well as recycle and life support.A screen image captured at Beijing Aerospace Control Center on October 16, 2021 shows three Chinese astronauts, Zhai Zhigang (center), Wang Yaping (right), and Ye Guangfu, waving at the screen after they entered the space station core module Tianhe.A seeing-off ceremo-ny for three Chinese astronauts of the Shenzhou-13 crewed space mission is held at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestChina on October15, 2021. Chinese astronauts Zhai Zhi-gang (right), Wang Yaping (center) and Ye Guangfu will stayin space for aboutsix months.9:58 a.m.After a series of intense preparation, the three astronauts enter the core module one by one.12:23 a.m., October 16, 2021 (Beijing Time)The spacecraft, atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket,is launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centerin northwest China’s Gobi Desert.About 582 seconds after the launchShenzhou-13 separates from the rocket andenters its designated orbit. The crew mem-bers are in good shape and the launch is acomplete success.6:56 a.m.The spaceship completes the orbitalstatus setting after entering the orbit andconducts a fast automated rendezvous and docking with the radial port of the Tianhe core module. The spaceship forms a complex together with the cargo crafts, Tianzhou-2, and Tianzhou-3.FoCus /exChangesXi Jinping Attends Second United Nations Global Sustainable Transport ConferenceOn the evening of October 14, 2021, President Xi Jinping attended the opening ceremony of the second United Nations Global SustainableYang Jiechi Meets U.S. National Security Advisor Jake SullivanOn October 6, 2021, a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs Yang Jiechi met with U.S. National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan in Zurich, Switzerland.The two sides agreed to strengthen strategic communication, properly manage differences, avoid conflict and confrontation, seek mutual benefits and win-win results, and work together to bring China-U.S. relations back on the right track of sound and steady development.Yang Jiechi pointed out that the U.S. side needs to have a deep understanding of the mutually ben-eficial nature of China-U.S. relations and correctly understand China’s domestic and foreign policies and strategic intentions. China opposes defining China-U.S. relations as “competitive.”Yang Jiechi expounded China’s solemn posi-tion on issues related to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Xizang, and human rights as well as mar-itime issues, urging the U.S. side to truly respect China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests.The U.S. side expressed its adherence to the one-China policy.The two sides also exchanged views on climate change and regional issues of common concern. They agreed to maintain regular dialogue and com-munication on important issues.Li Keqiang Attends the 130th China Import and Export FairOn October 14, 2021, Premier Li Keqiang attended the opening ceremony of the 130th China Import and Export Fair (the Canton Fair) and the Pearl River International Trade Forum and delivered a keynote speech in Guangzhou. Over 100 representatives of foreign govern-ments and international organizations and heads of multinational companies attended the event online.Li Keqiang said that the event has been held non-stop amid shifting circumstances for65 years, and has scored remarkable successes. The Fair has also witnessed how companies from across the world shared in China’s development opportunities and achieved mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.Li indicated that China will keep foreign trade policies consistent and stable, and continue to import more quality products and services. A number of integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce will be established before the end of the year. De-velopment of new business forms such as overseas warehouses will be accelerated and overseas smart logistics platforms will be promoted. He emphasized that China will continue to foster a market-oriented,world-class business environment governed by a sound legal framework to see that the country remains an alluring destination for foreign investment. He indicated that China will further shorten the negative lists on the market access for foreign investment, zero out manufacturing items on the negative list in pilot free trade zones, and keep easing access to the services sector. Meanwhile, China will support foreign investors in increasing invest-ment in such areas as medium- and high-end manufacturing and modern services and in the central and western regions.The participating foreign leaders spoke highly of the Fair’s significant role in promoting international trade and investment cooperation. They expressed strong confidence in theprospects of China’s economic development.Xinjiang Population Maintains Steady GrowthSince the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, thepopulation of Xinjiang, particularly that of its ethnic minorities, has grown fastin both size and quality, and life expectancy has seen a substantial increase,according to the white paper Xinjiang Population Dynamics and Data recentlyreleased by the State Council Information Office.Xinjiang’s population stood at 4.33 million in 1949. By the time of the sev-enth national census in 2020, it had increased to 25.85 million, among whichmillion, compared with 4.45 million in 1953.Since the founding of the PRC, the Uygur population has maintained arelatively high growth rate. During the first two decades of the 21st century,it increased at a compound annual growth rate of 1.67 percent, which wasmuch higher than that of the country’s ethnic minority population, which stoodat 0.83 percent.The economic, social, and family status of women of all ethnic groupshas improved, giving them more opportunities to obtain secondary and highereducation, and take an active part in economic and social life. The number andproportion of women in employment have significantly increased. In 2019 forexample, 228,100 women joined the workforce in cities and towns across Xinji-ang, accounting for 47.43 percent of the total newly employed in urban areas.Elderly Care More AccessibleThe central government has spent RMB 27.1 billion to develop seniorcare facilities and services since 2012, Civil Affairs Minister Li Jiheng said ata recent press conference. China had 329,000 retirement homes and otherlong-term aged care facilities last year, and the number of beds in suchfacilities reached 8.21 million, almost doubling since 2012.China has 264 million people aged 60 or older, accounting for 18.4 per-cent of the population, according to the latest national census data. Authori-ties have projected that one in three Chinese will fall into that age group bymidcentury.Most seniors in China want to spend their old age in a familiar environ-ment, surrounded by family members. With that in mind, the ministry launchedpilot programs across the country to explore the possibilities of home-basedservices during the 2016-20 period. The ministry has also worked on bolster-ing accessibility of old residential communities, and has required developersto include elderly care facilities in new projects.During the new Five-Year Plan period starting this year, the ministry plansto explore the possibilities of smarter services, elderly care counselors andtime banks, which allow people to trade volunteer work for free care services.210,80015610.2995.2FoCus / eConomyChina Promotes Social Capital Investment in Rural AreasThe Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced recently that it will guide local governments to adopt multiple measures to further guide and support private capital investment in rural areas.Private enterprises are an important social force in helping rural develop-ment. By the end of 2020, 127,000 private enterprises had participated in the targeted poverty alleviation campaign of “10,000 enterprises helping 10,000 villages,” with assistance given to 139,100 villages and skills training ar-ranged for 1,305,500 people, benefiting 18,038,500 registered poor people, statistics from the ministry show.At the new stage of consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation efforts, policy efforts will be further strengthened to guide social capital to support rural vitalization.According to the ministry, in the future, it will guide local governments to take multiple measures to build an effective platform to link themselves with private enterprises, in a bid to promote healthy and sustainable development of rural industries.Meanwhile, the People’s Bank of China (PBC) and other departments have also adopted a variety of policy measures to guide financial institutions in innovating financial products and services, and increasing the supply of financial resources as well as credit support for agriculture, rural areas, andfarmers.China Post Achieves Fastest Profit Growth in Five YearsThe Universal Postal Union celebrated the World Post Day 2021 virtually on October 8 with the theme “Innovate to Recover.” In his speech on World Post Day, Liu Aili, chairman of China Post Group Corporation, said the company saw rapid profit growth during the first eight months this year.From January to August, revenue of the SOE was 9.37 percent higher than last year, and its profits exceeded 21.94 percent, a new five-year high, said Liu.Over the past year, the state-owned postal service provider implemented a three-year action plan to remodel itself, rolling out mea-sures to enhance its corporate governance and market-based operation mechanisms, improve service quality, and service in rural areas with a three-tier logistics system at the county and rural levels.Going forward, China Post will promote the separate operation of universal services and competitive ones as a way of deepening reform. The SOE plans to continue deepening reforms on its express delivery and logistics services while building a comprehensive platform provid-ing multiple services like e-commerce, delivery, and finance.China’s Auto Exports See Rapid GrowthStatistics released by China’s General Administration of Customs showed that 1.32 million vehicles were exported during the period from January toAugust this year, up 117.5 percent year-on-year, and exceeding last year’s total. Among them, a total of 173,000 new energy vehicles (NEVs) were exported, up 4.5 times year-on-year, contributing about 20 percent to the growth in auto exports.According to Shu Yuting, spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce, China’s rapid growth in auto exports can be attributed to three factors: the global rebound in the auto market, the significant impact of NEV exports, and the increasing international competitiveness and international influence of China’s auto companies.On the one hand, domestic enterprises have accelerated the pace of developing their overseas market entry strategies with the launching of more NEVs; on the other hand, T esla and some other foreign companies have increased investment in China to build export bases for NEVs.Statistics show that during the January-August period, the SAIC-MG brand sold nearly 19,000 NEVs in Europe, up 133 percent year-on-year, while the i-Smart system was well received by consumers in Thailand, India, Indonesia,and other countries.China International Online Literature Week BeginsThe China International Online Literature Week commenced on Sep-tember 26 in Wuzhen, east China’s Zhejiang Province, as part of efforts to increase the popularity of online Chinese literature overseas. Exhibitions, forums, roundtables, and various other activities centering Forum on Confucius Culture Opens in East China Qufu, east China’s Shandong Province, the birthplace of the Chinese sage.home and abroad, and 38 diplomatic envoys to discuss the ancient wisdom of Confucianism and explore the bright future of human beings.Cultural Festival.two-day event featured high-level dialogues and a series of activities de-signed to boost international cooperation and development. closely related to the common values of peace, development, fairness, jus-。

互动交流英文缩写Interactive Communication: Fostering Engagement and Connection in a Digital World.In the era of ubiquitous digital connectivity, interactive communication has emerged as a dominant force in shaping human interactions and shaping the way we engage with the world around us. It encompasses a wide spectrum of technologies and platforms that facilitate real-time, two-way communication between individuals, groups, and organizations, enabling the exchange of ideas, information, and experiences.Central to the concept of interactive communication is the notion of engagement, which encompasses the active participation and involvement of individuals in the communication process. Unlike traditional one-way communication models, interactive communication places a strong emphasis on fostering dialogue, collaboration, and mutual understanding. This shift from passive reception toactive participation has profound implications for the nature of communication and the way it is experienced.Interactive communication offers numerous benefits that conventional communication models often lack. First and foremost, it enhances the richness and depth of communication. By allowing participants to engage in real-time dialogue, interactive communication facilitates the exchange of nuanced ideas, emotions, and experiences that would otherwise be difficult to convey through written or spoken word alone. Nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice, play a vital role in enriching the communication process and fostering deeper connections.Moreover, interactive communication promotes understanding and empathy. The ability to engage in face-to-face or real-time interactions allows participants to develop a more comprehensive understanding of each other's perspectives, motivations, and values. This mutual understanding is essential for building strong relationships, resolving conflicts, and fosteringcollaboration.Furthermore, interactive communication empowers individuals by giving them a voice and a platform to share their ideas and experiences. In traditional communication models, power often resides with the speaker or author, who controls the flow of information. In contrast, interactive communication democratizes the communication process, allowing all participants to contribute their perspectives and actively shape the conversation. This empowerment can foster a sense of belonging, inclusion, and agency, particularly among marginalized or underrepresented groups.Interactive communication also has a profound impact on the way organizations and businesses operate. By leveraging interactive platforms, organizations can engage with their customers, employees, and stakeholders in more meaningful and personalized ways. This enhanced engagement leads to improved customer satisfaction, increased employee productivity, and stronger relationships with the community.Interactive communication technologies haveproliferated across various platforms, including social media, video conferencing, instant messaging, and online forums. Social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, have become major channels for interactive communication, allowing users to share updates, connect with friends, and engage in discussions with like-minded individuals. Video conferencing tools, such as Zoom and Skype, have made it possible to conduct virtual meetings, webinars, and online events that simulate the experience of face-to-face interactions.Instant messaging applications, such as WhatsApp, Messenger, and Telegram, provide convenient and real-time communication between individuals and small groups. Online forums and discussion boards, such as Reddit and Quora, facilitate asynchronous communication around specific topics, allowing users to share knowledge, ask questions, and engage in debates.Despite its numerous advantages, interactive communication is not without its challenges. One potential drawback is the risk of information overload. With theconstant influx of messages, notifications, and updates, it can be overwhelming for individuals to keep up and maintain meaningful interactions. Another challenge lies in managing privacy concerns. Interactive communication platforms often collect and store personal data, which raises questions about data security and the potential for misuse.To harness the full potential of interactive communication while mitigating its challenges, it is essential to adopt a thoughtful and strategic approach. Individuals should be mindful of their time online and prioritize meaningful interactions over mindless scrolling. They should also be cautious about sharing personal information and take steps to protect their privacy. Governments and regulatory bodies have a role to play in establishing clear guidelines and regulations to ensure the responsible use of interactive communication technologies.In conclusion, interactive communication is a powerful tool that has revolutionized the way we connect, engage, and share ideas. It empowers individuals, fosters understanding, and drives innovation across various aspectsof our lives. While it is important to be mindful of its potential drawbacks and challenges, interactive communication holds immense promise for enhancing human connection and shaping a more engaged and inclusive society.。

江西省宜春市丰城市第九中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题一、阅读理解Rome, Italy, Europe—A Walk Through HistoryEvery step in Rome is a walk through history. The city offers a look into the past with its ruins (废墟) and centuries-old buildings. Exploring Rome is also an opportunity to connect with the city’s cultural heritage (遗产).Best Time to Travel: April to June and September to October.Jaipur, India, Asia—The Pink CityJaipur is famous as the Pink City. It has a mix of royal (皇家的) history and a lively culture. The city’s special pink buildings, which show kindness, make a one-of-a-kind city view.Best Time to Travel: November to February.Cairo, Egypt, Africa—Land of PharaohsCairo serves as a gateway lo some of the world’s most attractive historical treasures. Visiting the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, you’ll find yourself face to face with the heritage of ancient civilizations (文明). Exploring Cairo also involves wandering through the Khan El Khalili market to feel the modern Egyptian life.Best Time to Travel: October to April to avoid the heat.Istanbul, The Republic of Turkiye—Where East Meets WestLying at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, both geographically and culturally, Istanbul has a rich history, where influences from the East and the West are woven (交织). Famous buildings like Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque show this mix. In Istanbul, different cultures’ coming together is real and it affects its food, art, how the city looks, and how people live every day.Best Time to Travel: March to May and September to November.1．What’s the suggested time to visit Jaipur?A．April.B．July.C．October.D．December. 2．Which may one choose if he is interested in seeing different cultures in one city?A．Jaipur.B．Istanbul.C．Cairo.D．Rome.3．What do the four places have in common?A．They are all capitals of their countries.B．They provide delicious food.C．They have rich historical background.D．They are known for their modern buildings.Last Sunday was a day I will never forget. It was a bright sunny morning, and I had planned to go to the library to return some books. As I was walking down the street, I noticed something shiny lying on the sidewalk. I approached and found a wallet. Curiosity got the better of me, and I opened it to find a few banknotes, some coins, and a student ID card of a local high school.The ID belonged to a girl named Lily Chen. I decided to do the right thing and return it to her. Using the school’s name on the ID, I searched for the school’s contact information online and called them. The school staff were very helpful and connected me to Lily’s home phone number.Lily was surprised and grateful when I explained the situation. She had lost her wallet on her way to school that morning and was worried about the loss of her ID card and money. We arranged to meet at a nearby café to return the wallet. When we met, Lily was overjoyed and thanked me profusely. She even offered to buy me a coffee as a token of her gratitude, which I gladly accepted.After our encounter, I felt a sense of fulfillment and happiness that comes from helping someone in need. I shared the story on my social media, and it quickly spread among my friends and family. Many of them praised my actions and encouraged others to do good deeds as well.This experience taught me that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference in someone’s life. It was a day to remember, not just for the good deed done, but also for the reminder that we all have the power to spread positivity in our own small ways.4．How did the author find Lily’s contact information?A．By calling the school.B．By asking a passerby.C．Through a friend.D．From a social media post.5．What was Lily’s reaction when she met the author?A．She was angry.B．She was grateful.C．She was indifferent.D．She was confused.6．What did the author do after meeting Lily?A．He kept the wallet.B．He shared the story on social media.C．He forgot about the incident.D．He asked for a reward.7．What lesson did the author learn from the experience?A．Social media is a powerful tool.B．Helping others is always rewarded.C．Small acts of kindness can make a big difference.D．One should always expect gratitude from other people.Sitting close with your little ones from an early age and enjoying a book together is always a great way to spend time, but do you know reading to your children has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life?Firstly, it’s a great introduction to vocabulary. Seeing an adult sounding out the words and linking them to the shapes on the page begins to build up vocabulary that they will use for the rest of their life.Then there are a variety of good effects of hearing stories which improve their minds and develop social awareness and skills. At a time when they are perhaps stuck indoors more than ever before, reading is the best way to motivate (激发) children’s imagination. They can travel to the moon, meet the Gruffalo and pop into a chocolate factory all before they’ve even had lunch!There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories and seeing things from another’s point of view is a great way to build empathy (共鸣), tolerance and other qualities needed. There are some fantastic children’s books which show characters acting as strong role models. These stories can encourage future leaders and thinkers, so every child can feel they can achieve their dreams, from the Little Leaders series to Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls (叛逆女孩).Now is the perfect time to build up a library of excellent reads ready for children to enjoy now and in the future. They will create memories to last a lifetime. On top of the benefits for your little ones, it’．s fun, relaxing and a great chance to go back and reread the best books from your own childhood.8．What kind of people is the text written for?A．Parents.B．Children.C．Teachers.D．Leaders.9．What does the underlined phrase “pop into” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Start.B．Visit.C．Build.D．Leave.10．In which way does Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls do good to children?A．Going to bed easily at bedtime.B．Building good qualities.C．Building a strong body.D．Bringing back sweet memories.11．What is the text mainly about?A．Children’s reading habits.B．Children’s reading materials.C．Benefits of reading to children.D．Ways of reading children’s books.With digital learning gaining popularity, some students choose to learn from home using computers and the internet. They used websites and digital books instead of paper ones. But are they learning as well as they think?Studies show that reading on paper is easier to understand than reading on a screen. Anne Mangen, a literacy professor at the University of Stavanger in Norway, says reading on paper is calm and attracts our attention, unlike the reading on a screen.Experts say that while screens are good for quick news, complex texts are better on paper. They help us remember details better. A study by Lauren Singer Trakhman found that students understood the main ideas whether they read on paper or a screen, but they missed small details on screens. Reading on screens might make us read faster but not as deeply. Our brains might be getting used to quick information from digital media and not thinking carefully about what we read.Some research shows that our brains react differently to paper and screens. Reading on paper can make us feel more and understand the space around us better.So what can we do? We shouldn't stop using screens, but we should think about what we read on them. Singer Trakhman says she uses her Kindle for fun but turns to paper for seriousreading. To remember what we read on screens, we can try writing down the main points by hand. It might help us remember better than typing. And sometimes, turning off our devices and reading a real book can be very nice.12．What does Anne Mangen think of reading on paper?A．It is better for reading quick news.B．It brings peaceful reading experience.C．It provides a new adventure for readers.D．It helps to improve communication abilities. 13．Why might students miss details when reading on screens?A．Screens make the text harder to read.B．The text on screens is usually less detailed.C．Students tend to read quickly and not think deeply.D．Screens make it difficult to understand the main ideas.14．What can be inferred from Lauren Singer Trakhman's reading habits?A．She hardly uses screens in daily reading.B．She likes using Kindle for all types of reading.C．She thinks Kindles are suitable for serious reading.D．She prefers to use paper for challenging literature.15．Which is the best title for this passage?A．The Advantages Digital Learning Brings B．Reading on Paper vs. Reading on Screens C．How Reading on Paper Shapes Students D．The Importance of Online Learning at HomeMoving from middle to high school is a big step for all kids. It’s a time of new schoolwork, feelings, and meeting new friends. 16 It can be tough, but also a fun adventure! This article will share some tips to get ready for high school and make this big change easy and cool!17In high school, you need to be more independent in study. There might be fewer tasks, but they matter a lot. To manage your time well, you can make a calendar to see your days and write a list of things to do every day. Learn to say “no” to friends if you have to study. 18 Look for Extracurriculars to Join.One of the easiest ways to fit into your new school and make new friends is to participate in extracurricular activities like sports, clubs, volunteer opportunities, or the student government. Byjoining these, you can get ready for college, find friends who like the same things, and try new activities. It makes you feel like you’re part of the school and gives you a good group of friends to support you. 19Learn Stress — Management Strategies.20 It’s important to learn how to deal with stress so you can enjoy high school and do well later in life. If you feel stressed, go outside and take breaks to relax. Playing sports and eating good food to stay healthy can also be of great help. You can also talk to friends and family when you need help. Remember, it’s okay to ask for support when you’re feeling stressed.Embrace the journey of high school with an open mind and a positive spirit, for it’s not just a new chapter, but an adventure full of growth and unforgettable memories.A．Be More Independent in Study.B．There will be a lot to get used to.C．Practice Time-Management Skills.D．Finally, don’t forget to rest sometimes too!E．This can make your high school life much better!F．It’s an important change that requires some time-management skills.G．High school can be a big change and it’s normal to feel worried or stressed.二、完形填空There it was, big and red, at the top of my test paper: F. “I’ve never 21 anything before,” I thought as I got my things together for nursing school. In my first three terms I’d gotten good grades. But now, in my last term, I was 22 myself. The day before, I had thrown up when I emptied a bedpan(便盆). How would I perform in my future career if I 23 like that?I put the 24 in my bag and got on the bus home. “I thought I wanted to be a25 . Now I just don’t know,” I said to myself. Maybe I should 26 and give up my dream of becoming a nurse.27 came to a stop. A man lay in the road, with his motorbike turned upside down. No one 28 . They probably didn’t know how. But I did.I got out of the bus and 29 to his side. His vital signs (生命体征) were strong, but he was bleeding. I 30 bandages (绷带). “A good nurse keeps her pockets filled with things she might 31 in a crisis (危机),” my teacher had said.Someone called 911. As soon as the 32 workers arrived, I told them about the man’s 33 . At that time, I forgot my 34 and thought only about the patient. Once he was sent to hospital, a woman asked me, “Are you a doctor or a nurse?”“I’ll be a nurse soon,” I said 35 . No doubt about it.21．A．failed B．quitted C．missed D．forgotten 22．A．losing B．challenging C．doubting D．confusing 23．A．excused B．changed C．chose D．behaved 24．A．letter B．paper C．card D．report 25．A．driver B．nurse C．teacher D．doctor 26．A．calm down B．hold on C．drop out D．hurry up 27．A．Traffic B．Time C．Work D．Thought 28．A．helped B．noticed C．asked D．cared 29．A．turned B．returned C．fell D．rushed 30．A．put on B．took out C．put away D．gave out 31．A．explore B．prefer C．need D．collect 32．A．social B．voluntary C．postal D．medical 33．A．condition B．experience C．behavior D．problem 34．A．schedules B．dreams C．worries D．goals 35．A．naturally B．suddenly C．sadly D．proudly三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内的正确形式。

2024年高二英语学科全球合作研究的合作机制构建分析单选题30题1.International cooperation is crucial for addressing global challenges. The ______ of different countries is essential.A.effortsanizationsC.cooperationsD.initiatives答案：B。

“国际合作对于应对全球挑战至关重要。

不同国家的组织是必不可少的。

”A 选项“efforts”努力；C 选项“cooperations”合作，此处与前文重复；D 选项“initiatives”倡议。

根据语境，这里强调不同国家的组织，所以选B。

2.Global cooperation requires strong ______ among nations.A.associationsB.partnershipsC.connectionsD.relationships答案：B。

“全球合作需要国家之间强大的伙伴关系。

”A 选项“associations”协会；C 选项“connections”联系；D 选项“relationships”关系，而伙伴关系更能体现全球合作的需求，所以选B。

3.The success of global cooperation depends on effective ______.A.coordinationsB.arrangementsanizationsD.plans答案：C。

“全球合作的成功取决于有效的组织。

”A 选项“coordinations”协调；B 选项“arrangements”安排；D 选项“plans”计划。

这里强调组织的重要性，所以选C。

4.In global cooperation, ______ play an important role in promoting common development.A.institutionspaniesC.factoriesD.schools答案：A。

MGate4101-MB-PBS Series1-port Modbus RTU/ASCII-to-PROFIBUS slave gatewaysFeatures and Benefits•Protocol conversion between Modbus and PROFIBUS•Supports PROFIBUS DP V0slave•Supports Modbus RTU/ASCII master and slave•Windows utilities with innovative QuickLink function for automaticconfiguration within minutes•Status monitoring and fault protection for easy maintenance•Embedded traffic monitoring/diagnostic information for easy troubleshooting•Supports redundant dual DC power inputs and1relay output•-40to75°C wide operating temperature models available•Serial port with2kV isolation protection(for“-I”models)CertificationsIntroductionThe MGate4101-MB-PBS gateway provides a communication portal between PROFIBUS PLCs(e.g.,Siemens S7-400and S7-300PLCs)and Modbus devices.With the QuickLink feature,I/O mapping can be accomplished within a matter of minutes.All models are protected with a rugged metallic casing,are DIN-rail mountable,and offer optional built-in optical isolation.QuickLink and Windows Utilities for Easy Setup and Traffic MonitoringThe QuickLink windows utility uses a serial console port to connect to the MGate4101-MB-PBS and makes configuration and operation as easy as possible.QuickLink can finish the configuration in just a few minutes by passively detecting Modbus requests with the AutoLearning function,and performs error-free I/O mapping with the AutoMapping feature.QuickLink drastically reduces Modbus-to-PROFIBUS integration time when compared to conventional I/O mapping,which can easily require days to complete.Additionally,embedded monitoring tools can maintain logs of Modbus communication packets and assist in troubleshooting.Redundant Power InputsThe MGate4101-MB-PBS has dual power inputs for greater reliability.The power inputs allow simultaneous connection to2live DC power sources,so that continuous operation is provided even if one power source fails.The higher level of reliability makes these advanced Modbus-to-PROFIBUS gateways ideal for demanding industrial applications.Warning by Relay OutputA relay output is provided for the power input status.The relay output gives maintenance engineers an additional tool for troubleshooting and maintenance.SpecificationsSerial InterfaceConsole Port RS-232(TxD,RxD,GND),8-pin RJ45(115200,n,8,1)No.of Ports1Connector DB9maleSerial Standards RS-232/422/485Baudrate50bps to921.6kbpsData Bits7,8Parity None,Even,Odd,Space,MarkStop Bits1,2Flow Control DTR/DSR,RTS/CTSRS-485Data Direction Control ADDC®(automatic data direction control)Pull High/Low Resistor for RS-4851kilo-ohm,150kilo-ohmsTerminator for RS-485120ohmsIsolation2kV(I models)Serial SignalsRS-232TxD,RxD,RTS,CTS,DTR,DSR,DCD,GNDRS-422Tx+,Tx-,Rx+,Rx-,GNDRS-485-2w Data+,Data-,GNDRS-485-4w Tx+,Tx-,Rx+,Rx-,GNDSerial Software FeaturesConfiguration Options MGate ManagerIndustrial Protocols Modbus RTU/ASCII Master,Modbus RTU/ASCII Slave,PROFIBUS DP-V0Slave Modbus RTU/ASCIIMode Master,SlaveFunctions Supported1,2,3,4,5,6,15,16,23Max.No.of Commands100Input Data Size7744bytesOutput Data Size7744bytesPROFIBUS InterfaceIndustrial Protocols PROFIBUS DPNo.of Ports1Connector DB9femaleBaudrate9600bps to12MbpsIsolation2kV(built-in)Signals PROFIBUS D+,PROFIBUS D-,RTS,Signal Common,5VPROFIBUSRotary Switch PROFIBUS addresses0-99(addresses100-125supported through softwareconfiguration)Mode DP-V0SlaveMax.No.of Master Connections1Max.No.of PROFIBUS I/O Modules24per pageMax.No.of PROFIBUS Pages32Input Data Size7744bytesOutput Data Size7744bytesPower ParametersInput Voltage12to48VDCInput Current275mA@12VDCPower Connector Screw-fastened Euroblock terminalRelaysContact Current Rating Resistive load:1A@24VDCPhysical CharacteristicsHousing MetalDimensions36x105x140mm(1.42x4.14x5.51in)Weight500g(1.10lb)IP Rating IP30Note:It is recommended to attach the M3x3mm Nylok screws at the rear side Environmental LimitsOperating Temperature MGate4101I-MB-PBS:0to60°C(32to140°F)MGate4101I-MB-PBS-T:-40to75°C(-40to167°F)MGate4101-MB-PBS:0to60°C(32to140°F)MGate4101-MB-PBS-T:-40to75°C(-40to167°F)Storage Temperature(package included)-40to85°C(-40to185°F)Ambient Relative Humidity5to95%(non-condensing)Standards and CertificationsSafety EN60950-1,UL60950-1,EN62368-1,UL62368-1EMC EN55032/35EMI CISPR32,FCC Part15B Class AEMS IEC61000-4-2ESD:Contact:6kV;Air:8kVIEC61000-4-3RS:80MHz to1GHz:3V/mIEC61000-4-4EFT:Power:2kV;Signal:1kVIEC61000-4-5Surge:Power:2kV;Signal:2kVIEC61000-4-6CS:150kHz to80MHz:10V/m;Signal:10V/mIEC61000-4-8PFMFHazardous Locations ATEX,Class I Division2,IECExFreefall IEC60068-2-32Shock IEC60068-2-27Vibration IEC60068-2-6,IEC60068-2-64MTBFTime MGate4101-MB-PBS Series:1,537,948hrsMGate4101I-MB-PBS Series:1,315,666hrsStandards Telcordia SR332WarrantyWarranty Period5yearsDetails See /warrantyPackage ContentsDevice1x MGate4101-MB-PBS Series gatewayCable1x RJ45-to-DB9console cableInstallation Kit1x DIN-rail kitDocumentation1x quick installation guide1x warranty cardDimensionsOrdering InformationModel Name Serial Isolation Operating Temp. MGate4101-MB-PBS–0to60°C MGate4101I-MB-PBS2kV0to60°C MGate4101-MB-PBS-T–-40to75°C MGate4101I-MB-PBS-T2kV-40to75°C Accessories(sold separately)CablesCBL-F9M9-150DB9female to DB9male serial cable,1.5mCBL-F9M9-20DB9female to DB9male serial cable,20cmCBL-RJ45F9-150RJ45to DB9female serial cable,1.5mCBL-RJ45SF9-150RJ45to DB9female serial shielded cable,1.5mConnectorsMini DB9F-to-TB DB9female to terminal block connectorDIN-Rail Mounting KitsDK-25-01DIN-rail mounting kit,2screwsWall-Mounting KitsWK-36-02Wall-mounting kit,2plates,6screws,36x67x2mmPower CordsCBL-PJTB-10Non-locking barrel plug to bare-wire cable©Moxa Inc.All rights reserved.Updated Apr29,2020.This document and any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Moxa Inc.Product specifications subject to change without notice.Visit our website for the most up-to-date product information.。

V2426A SeriesCompact,fanless,vibration-proof railway computersFeatures and Benefits•Intel Celeron/Core i7processor•2peripheral expansion slots for various I/O,WLAN,mini-PCIe expansionmodule cards•Dual independent DVI-I displays•2Gigabit Ethernet ports with M12X-coded connectors•1SATA connector and1CFast socket for storage expansion•M12A-coded power connector•Compliant with EN50121-4•Complies with all EN50155mandatory test items1•Ready-to-run Debian7,Windows Embedded Standard7,and Windows10Embedded IoT Enterprise2016LTSB platforms•-40to70°C wide-temperature models available•Supports SNMP-based system configuration,control,and monitoring(Windows only)CertificationsIntroductionThe V2426A Series embedded computers are based on the Intel3rd Gen processor,and feature4RS-232/422/485serial ports,dual LAN ports,3 USB2.0hosts,and dual DVI-I outputs.In addition,the V2426A Series computers comply with the mandatory test items of the EN50155standard, making them suitable for a variety of industrial applications.The dual megabit/Gigabit Ethernet ports with M12X-coded connectors offer a reliable solution for network redundancy,promising continuous operation for data communication and management.As an added convenience,the V2426A computers have6DIs and2DOs for connecting digital input/output devices.In addition,the CFast socket,SATA connector,and USB sockets provide the V2426A computers with the reliability needed for industrial applications that require data buffering and storage expansion.Moreover,the V2426A computers come with2peripheral expansion slots for inserting different communication modules(2-port CAN module,or HSDPA,GPS,or WLAN module),an8+8-port digital input/output module,and a2-port serial module,giving greater flexibility for setting up different industrial applications at field sites.Preinstalled with Linux Debian7or Windows Embedded Standard7,the V2426A Series provides programmers with a friendly environment for developing sophisticated,bug-free application software at a low cost.Wide-temperature models of the V2426A Series that operate reliably in a-40 to70°C operating temperature range are also available,offering an optimal solution for applications subjected to harsh environments.1.This product is suitable for rolling stock railway applications,as defined by the EN50155standard.For a more detailed statement,click here:/doc/specs/EN_50155_Compliance.pdfAppearanceFront View Rear ViewSpecificationsComputerCPU V2426A-C2Series:Intel®Celeron®Processor1047UE(2M cache,1.40GHz)V2426A-C7Series:Intel®Core™i7-3517UE Processor(4M cache,up to2.80GHz) System Chipset Mobile Intel®HM65Express ChipsetGraphics Controller Intel®HD Graphics4000(integrated)System Memory Pre-installed4GB DDR3System Memory Slot SODIMM DDR3/DDR3L slot x1Supported OS Linux Debian7Windows Embedded Standard7(WS7E)32-bitWindows Embedded Standard7(WS7E)64-bitStorage Slot 2.5-inch HDD/SSD slots x1CFast slot x2Computer InterfaceEthernet Ports Auto-sensing10/100/1000Mbps ports(M12X-coded)x2Serial Ports RS-232/422/485ports x4,software selectable(DB9male)USB2.0USB2.0hosts x1,M12D-coded connectorUSB2.0hosts x2,type-A connectorsAudio Input/Output Line in x1,Line out x1,M12D-codedDigital Input DIs x6Digital Output DOs x2Video Output DVI-I x2,29-pin DVI-I connectors(female)Expansion Slots2peripheral expansion slotsDigital InputsIsolation3k VDCConnector Screw-fastened Euroblock terminalDry Contact On:short to GNDOff:openI/O Mode DISensor Type Dry contactWet Contact(NPN or PNP)Wet Contact(DI to COM)On:10to30VDCOff:0to3VDCDigital OutputsConnector Screw-fastened Euroblock terminalCurrent Rating200mA per channelI/O Type SinkVoltage24to30VDCLED IndicatorsSystem Power x1Storage x1LAN2per port(10/100/1000Mbps)Serial2per port(Tx,Rx)Serial InterfaceBaudrate50bps to921.6kbpsFlow Control RTS/CTS,XON/XOFF,ADDC®(automatic data direction control)for RS-485,RTSToggle(RS-232only)Isolation N/AParity None,Even,Odd,Space,MarkData Bits5,6,7,8Stop Bits1,1.5,2Serial SignalsRS-232TxD,RxD,RTS,CTS,DTR,DSR,DCD,GNDRS-422Tx+,Tx-,Rx+,Rx-,GNDRS-485-2w Data+,Data-,GNDRS-485-4w Tx+,Tx-,Rx+,Rx-,GNDPower ParametersInput Voltage12to48VDCPower Connector M12A-coded male connectorPower Consumption 3.78A@12VDC0.96A@48VDCPower Consumption(Max.)47W(max.)Physical CharacteristicsHousing AluminumIP Rating IP30Dimensions(with ears)275x92x154mm(10.83x3.62x6.06in)Dimensions(without ears)250x86x154mm(9.84x3.38x6.06in)Weight3,000g(6.67lb)Installation DIN-rail mounting(optional),Wall mounting(standard) Protection-CT models:PCB conformal coating Environmental LimitsOperating Temperature Standard Models:-25to55°C(-13to131°F)Wide Temp.Models:-40to70°C(-40to158°F) Storage Temperature(package included)-40to85°C(-40to185°F)Ambient Relative Humidity5to95%(non-condensing)Standards and CertificationsEMC EN55032/24EMI CISPR32,FCC Part15B Class AEMS IEC61000-4-2ESD:Contact:6kV;Air:8kVIEC61000-4-3RS:80MHz to1GHz:20V/mIEC61000-4-4EFT:Power:2kV;Signal:2kVIEC61000-4-5Surge:Power:2kVIEC61000-4-6CS:10VIEC61000-4-8PFMFRailway EN50121-4,IEC60571Railway Fire Protection EN45545-2Safety EN60950-1,UL60950-1Shock IEC60068-2-27,IEC61373,EN50155Vibration IEC60068-2-64,IEC61373,EN50155DeclarationGreen Product RoHS,CRoHS,WEEEMTBFTime304,998hrsStandards Telcordia(Bellcore),GBWarrantyWarranty Period3yearsDetails See /warrantyPackage ContentsDevice1x V2426A Series computerInstallation Kit1x wall-mounting kitDocumentation1x document and software CD1x quick installation guide1x warranty cardDimensionsOrdering InformationModel Name CPU Memory(Default)OS CFast(CTO)Backup CFast(CTO)SSD/HDD Tray(CTO)PeripheralExpansionSlotsOperatingTemp.ConformalCoatingV2426A-C2Celeron1047UE4GB1(Optional)1(Optional)1(Optional)2-25to55°C–V2426A-C2-T Celeron1047UE4GB1(Optional)1(Optional)1(Optional)2-40to70°C–V2426A-C2-CT-T Celeron1047UE4GB1(Optional)1(Optional)1(Optional)2-40to70°C✓V2426A-C7Core i7-3517UE4GB1(Optional)1(Optional)1(Optional)2-25to55°C–V2426A-C7-T Core i7-3517UE4GB1(Optional)1(Optional)1(Optional)2-40to70°C–V2426A-C7-CT-T i7-3517UE4GB1(Optional)1(Optional)1(Optional)2-40to70°C✓V2426A-C2-W7E Celeron1047UE4GB8GB1(Optional)1(Optional)2-25to55°C–V2426A-C2-T-W7E Celeron1047UE4GB8GB1(Optional)1(Optional)2-40to70°C–V2426A-C7-T-W7E i7-3517UE4GB8GB1(Optional)1(Optional)2-40to70°C–Accessories(sold separately)Battery KitsRTC Battery Kit Lithium battery with built-in connectorCablesCBL-M12XMM8PRJ45-BK-100-IP67M12-to-RJ45Cat-5E UTP gigabit Ethernet cable,8-pin X-coded male connector,IP67,1mCBL-M12(FF5P)/Open-100IP67A-coded M12-to-5-pin power cable,IP67-rated5-pin female M12connector,1mA-CRF-RFQMAM-R2-50Wi-Fi Extension Cable QMA(male)to SMA(male)adapter with50cm cable x1A-CRF-QMAMSF-R2-50Cellular Extension Cable QMA(male)to SMA(female)adapter with50cm cable x1A-CRF-CTPSF-R2-50GPS Extension Cable TNC to SMA(female)adapter with50cm cable x1ConnectorsM12A-5PMM-IP685-pin male circular threaded D-coded M12USB connector,IP68M12X-8PMM-IP678-pin male X-coded circular threaded gigabit Ethernet connector,IP67M12A-5P-IP68A-coded screw-in sensor connector,female,IP68,4.05cmM12A-8PMM-IP678-pin male circular threaded A-codes M12connector,IP67-rated(for field-installation)Power AdaptersPWR-24270-DT-S1Power adapter,input voltage90to264VAC,output voltage24V with2.5A DC loadPower CordsPWC-C7AU-2B-183Power cord with Australian(AU)plug,2.5A/250V,1.83mPWC-C7CN-2B-183Power cord with two-prong China(CN)plug,1.83mPWC-C7EU-2B-183Power cord with Continental Europe(EU)plug,2.5A/250V,1.83mPWC-C7UK-2B-183Power cord with United Kingdom(UK)plug,2.5A/250V,1.83mPWC-C7US-2B-183Power cord with United States(US)plug,10A/125V,1.83mWall-Mounting KitsV2400Isolated Wall Mount Kit Wall-mounting kit with isolation protection,2wall-mounting brackets,4screwsStorage KitsFK-75125-02Storage bracket,4large silver screws,4soft washers,4small sliver bronze screws,1SATA powercable,4golden spacers(only for the V2406and V2426)Expansion ModulesEPM-DK022mini PCIe slots for wireless modules,-25to55°C operating temperatureEPM-DK03GPS receiver with2mini PCIe slots for wireless modules,-25to55°C operating temperatureEPM-30322isolated RS-232/422/485ports with DB9connectors,-40to70°C operating temperatureEPM-31122isolated CAN ports with DB9connectors,-25to55°C operating temperatureEPM-34388DIs and8DOs,with3kV digital isolation protection,2kHz counter,-40to70°C operating AntennasANT-WDB-ARM-02 2.4/5GHz,omni-directional rubber duck antenna,2dBi,RP-SMA(male)ANT-LTE-ASM-02GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSPA/LTE,omni-directional rubber duck antenna,2dBiANT-WCDMA-AHSM-04-2.5m GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSPA,omni-directional magnetic base antenna,4dBiANT-GPS-OSM-05-3M Active GPS antenna,26dBi,1572MHz,L1band antenna for GPSANT-LTEUS-ASM-01GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSPA/LTE,omni-directional rubber duck antenna,1dBiWireless Antenna CableA-CRF-MHFQMAF-D1.13-14.2Digital Interface Mini card internal antenna with QMA connector x1,locking washer x1,O-ring x1,nutx1Din Rail Mounting kitDK-DC50131DIN-rail mounting kit,6screwsWireless PackagesEPM-DK3G Package Gemalto PHS8-P3G mini card with digital interface,internal antenna,installation bracket,screws,locking washers,O-rings,nuts,and thermal padEPM-DK Wi-Fi Package SprakLAN WPEA-121N Wi-Fi mini card with digital interface,internal antenna,installation bracket,screws,locking washers,O-rings,nuts,and thermal padEPM-DK LTE-EU Package Gemalto PLS8-E LTE mini card with digital interface,internal antenna,installation bracket,screws,locking washers,O-rings,nuts,and thermal padEPM-DK LTE-US Package Gemalto PLS8-X LTE mini card with digital interface,internal antenna,installation bracket,screws,locking washers,O-rings,nuts,and thermal padWireless Antenna Packages3G Antenna Package3G external antenna with QMA(male)to SMA(female)adapter and50-cm cables x2,3G externalantenna with SMA connectors x2,cellular extension cableLTE-US Antenna Package LTE-US external antenna with QMA(male)to SMA(female)adapter and50-cm cables x2,LTE-USexternal antenna with SMA connector x2,cellular extension cableLTE-EU Antenna Package LTE-EU external antenna with QMA(male)to SMA(female)adapter with50-cm cables x2,LTE-EUexternal antenna with SMA connectors x2,cellular extension cableWi-Fi Antenna Package External antenna with QMA internal cable,Wi-Fi extension cableGPS Antenna Package External antenna with TNC to SMA(female)adapter and a50-cm cable,SMA antenna(26dBi,1572MHz,L1band),GPS extension cable©Moxa Inc.All rights reserved.Updated Apr16,2019.This document and any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Moxa Inc.Product specifications subject to change without notice.Visit our website for the most up-to-date product information.。

用比较级介绍一下我的房间英文英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Room - A Comparative WonderlandWhen you enter my room, you're instantly transported to a world that is uniquely mine – a space that reflects my personality and interests in a way that no other room could. While every room serves its basic purpose of providing shelter and a place to rest, mine goes above and beyond, offering a sanctuary that is more inviting, more personalized, and more reflective of who I am than any other.The first thing that catches your eye upon stepping inside is the explosion of color adorning the walls. Rather than settling for the drab, builder-grade off-white that coats the hallway outside, I've taken the liberty of adding my own vibrant touch. Deep shades of blue intermingle with splashes of sunshine yellow, creating a lively atmosphere that is more energizing and stimulating than the monotonous neutral tones found in most bedrooms.Anchoring the room is my bed – a cozy haven that beckons you to dive in and nestle among the mounds of pillows and blankets. While some may opt for a standard twin mattress, I've gone a step further with a plush queen-sized bed that provides ample space to sprawl out and relax in unparalleled comfort. The sheets are softer, the comforter is fluffier, and the pillows are more luxuriously stuffed than any hotel's offerings, making this bed more inviting than even the finest accommodations.Beside the bed sits my nightstand, a modest piece of furniture that belies its incredible utility. Yes, it serves the traditional purpose of holding a lamp to illuminate the room at night, but its true value lies in its ability to contain my most cherished possessions. Framed photographs, mementos from vacations, and sentimental knick-knacks line its surface, transforming it into a museum that is more personal and more meaningful than any public exhibition.As you tear your gaze away from the nightstand, your eyes are drawn to the centerpiece of the room: my desk. While others may view it as a mere workspace, to me it represents a canvas upon which I can let my creativity and productivity flow more freely than anywhere else. Its spacious surface provides ample room to spread out textbooks, notebooks, and various projects,allowing me to work with a sense of organization and clarity that is harder to achieve in more cluttered environments.Opposite the desk stands my dresser, a towering structure that is more functional and accommodating than the typical drawer set. With ample storage space for every article of clothing I own, it eliminates the need for overcrowded closets or unsightly piles of laundry strewn about the floor. Each drawer glides open with a satisfying smoothness, revealing neatly folded garments that are more accessible and better organized than they would be in a cramped closet.But my room is more than just a collection of furniture and decor. It's a reflection of my interests and passions, evident in the various displays and collections that adorn the walls and shelves. From the posters and artwork celebrating my favorite movies and bands, to the rows of books lining the shelves, representing a literary tapestry that is more diverse and intellectually stimulating than any public library could offer.Of course, no modern room would be complete without the necessary technological accouterments. My room boasts ahigh-definition television that is larger, sharper, and more immersive than the outdated models found in many living rooms. Paired with a state-of-the-art gaming console and a vastcollection of titles, it provides an entertainment experience that is more engaging, more interactive, and more visually stunning than anything a traditional movie theater can offer.And let's not forget the all-important computer, a sleek and powerful machine that sits prominently on my desk, acting as a gateway to a world of information and connectivity that is more vast and more accessible than any library or communication network of the past.Yet, for all its personal touches and modern amenities, my room remains a sanctuary of solace and relaxation, a retreat from the chaos of the outside world that is more serene and more tranquil than any public space could ever hope to be. Here, I can let my guard down, indulge in my hobbies and interests without judgment, and simply exist in a state of peace that is harder to achieve elsewhere.To some, a room may be a mere physical space, a collection of walls and furniture serving a purely functional purpose. But to me, my room is so much more. It's a reflection of who I am, a canvas upon which I can express my individuality and surround myself with the things that bring me joy and fulfillment. It's a haven that is more comfortable, more personalized, and moreconducive to personal growth and self-discovery than any other environment.So, while others may settle for the ordinary, I revel in the extraordinary – a room that is uniquely my own, a space that is more inviting, more stimulating, and more reflective of my true self than any other could ever hope to be. It's not just a room; it's a testament to my identity, a physical manifestation of my dreams, aspirations, and the boundless potential that lies within me.篇2My Room: A Cozy Sanctuary Cozier Than the RestAs a student, my room is more than just a space to sleep and study – it's a sanctuary, a haven that offers solace from the chaos of the outside world. While others may view their rooms as mere functional areas, mine holds a deeper significance, serving as a reflection of my personality and a canvas upon which I can express myself.Let me start by describing the overall ambiance, which is far cozier than most other dormitory rooms. The walls are adorned with a warm, earthy tone that instantly puts my mind at ease, a stark contrast to the sterile, institutional hues found elsewhereon campus. Soft lighting emanates from strategically placed lamps, casting a gentle glow that is kinder to the eyes than the harsh overhead fluorescents that often plague student accommodations.My bed is undoubtedly the centerpiece of the room, and it's far more inviting than the standard-issue dormitory beds. Atop a sturdy wooden frame rests a plush mattress, swathed in silky sheets and an abundance of pillows that beckon me to sink into their comforting embrace after a long day of classes. The bedding itself is a delightful departure from the scratchy,one-size-fits-all sets provided by the university, boasting patterns and textures that are more vibrant and luxurious.Adjacent to my bed is a nightstand, but this is no ordinary piece of furniture. Crafted from solid oak, it exudes a rustic charm that is infinitely more appealing than the flimsy,mass-produced particleboard nightstands found in most dorms. Atop its surface rests a carefully curated selection of items that hold sentimental value – a framed photograph of my family, a well-worn novel that has accompanied me through countless adventures, and a scented candle that fills the air with a fragrance far more pleasant than the lingering odors that often permeate shared living spaces.Turning my attention to the desk area, I can't help but feel a sense of pride at the organization and intentionality that sets it apart from the cluttered, haphazard workspaces of many of my peers. A sleek, modern desk lamp casts a focused beam of light onto my workspace, enabling me to study more effectively than relying on the dim, flickering overheads that seem to plague every classroom and library on campus. Beside it sits a tidy array of pens, pencils, and highlighters, each with a distinct purpose and color-coded for maximum efficiency – a far cry from the scattered, chewed-up writing implements that litter most students' desks.But what truly sets my room apart is the personal touches that transform it from a mere functional space into a reflection of my individuality. The walls are adorned with carefully selected pieces of art and photographs, each one holding a special meaning or memory. A vibrant tapestry hangs above my bed, its intricate patterns and rich hues adding a touch of bohemian flair that is infinitely more captivating than the bare, institutional walls that surround most students.Interspersed among the decorative elements are practical yet stylish storage solutions, ensuring that my room remains clutter-free and organized – a stark contrast to the chaoticdisarray that plagues many of my peers' living spaces. Woven baskets and sleek, minimalist shelves house my belongings, creating a sense of order that is far more conducive to productivity and peace of mind than the p篇3Here's an essay introducing my room using comparatives, written from a student's perspective in English (around 2000 words):My Room: A Comparative DelightAh, my room – the sanctuary where I spend countless hours studying, dreaming, and simply existing. While it may not be the grandest or most luxurious space, it holds a special place in my heart, and I wouldn't trade it for any other. Let me take you on a journey through this humble abode, where every nook and cranny holds a story to tell.As you enter, the first thing that catches your eye is the bed –a cozy haven draped in soft, inviting sheets. It's not the largest bed in the world, but it's certainly more comfortable than the rigid dorm mattresses my friends endure. The plush pillows beckon me to sink into their fluffy embrace after a long day, providing a refuge from the stresses of academic life.Beside the bed stands a nightstand, its surface cluttered with various knick-knacks and mementos. Among them, you'll find a trusty lamp that casts a warmer, more soothing glow than the harsh overhead lighting. Its adjustable neck allows me to direct the light precisely where I need it, whether I'm engrossed in a captivating novel or poring over complex equations.Across the room, my desk serves as the command center for all my scholarly endeavors. While it may be smaller than the expansive workspaces of professionals, it's infinitely more organized than the chaotic desks of some of my peers. Here, I meticulously arrange my textbooks, notebooks, and stationery, creating a harmonious workspace that fosters productivity and inspiration.Speaking of inspiration, the walls of my room are adorned with a collection of posters and artwork that would make any art connoisseur envious. From thought-provoking quotes to breathtaking landscapes, each piece holds deeper meaning and emotion than the generic dorm room decorations found elsewhere. These visual stimuli fuel my creativity and provide a welcome respite from the dry, monotonous textbook pages.Moving on, we come to the closet – a veritable abyss of organized chaos. While it may not be as spacious as a walk-incloset, it's undoubtedly more neatly arranged than the disaster zones some of my friends call closets. Here, I've mastered the art of efficient storage, meticulously folding and arranging my clothing to maximize every inch of space.But my room is more than just a collection of functional furniture and decorative elements; it's a reflection of my personality and a testament to my journey thus far. The shelves lining the walls are filled with books – not just textbooks, but also novels, biographies, and works of literature that have shaped my worldview in ways more profound than any classroom lecture.Amidst the books, you'll find an array of knick-knacks and mementos, each one holding a cherished memory or story. That quirky figurine? A gift from a dear friend who knows my quirky sense of humor better than anyone. That framed photograph? A captured moment from a life-changing adventure that broadened my horizons in ways I never thought possible.And let's not forget the musical accompaniment that fills the air – my trusty stereo system. While it may not have the booming bass or surround sound capabilities of state-of-the-art home theaters, it produces a richer, more nuanced sound than the tinny smartphone speakers many of my peers rely on. Music has the power to transport me to different realms, providing amelodic escape from the stresses of academia and fueling my creativity in ways that silence simply cannot match.As I gaze around this humble abode, I can't help but feel a sense of pride and contentment. Sure, it may not be the largest or most opulent room on campus, but it's a reflection of who I am – a student with big dreams, a thirst for knowledge, and a determination to make the most of every opportunity that comes my way.So, while others may scoff at the modest size or quirky decor, I embrace my room wholeheartedly. It's a sanctuary, a creative haven, and a constant reminder of the journey that lies ahead. And as I continue to grow and evolve, so too will this space, adapting to my changing needs and aspirations, always providing a comfortable and inspiring backdrop for the adventures to come.。

无线信号发送流程通信原理英文回答：Wireless Signal Transmission Process and Communication Principles.Introduction.Wireless communication has become an essential part of our daily lives, connecting us to the internet, enabling mobile phone communication, and providing access to countless applications and services. Understanding the underlying principles and processes involved in wireless signal transmission is crucial for harnessing the full potential of this technology.Principles of Wireless Communication.Wireless communication relies on the transmission of electromagnetic waves through the air to convey information.These waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light. The frequency of the wave determines its wavelength, which in turnaffects its transmission characteristics.Signal Modulation.To transmit information over a wireless channel, the data is modulated onto the carrier wave. Modulation involves altering the carrier wave's properties, such asits amplitude, frequency, or phase, in a way that represents the data. Common modulation techniques include amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM).Signal Propagation.Once modulated, the signal is emitted from the transmitting antenna and propagates through the surrounding environment. The signal can travel through various mediums, including air, water, and solid objects. However, different mediums exhibit different propagation characteristics,which can affect the signal strength and quality.Path Loss and Shadowing.As the signal propagates, it undergoes path loss, which is a reduction in signal strength due to distance and obstructions. Path loss can be estimated using various propagation models, such as the free space path loss model and the Okumura-Hata model. Additionally, shadowing can cause signal fluctuations due to the presence of obstacles that block the direct line of sight path.Multipath Propagation.Multipath propagation occurs when the transmitted signal reaches the receiver via multiple paths. These paths can be caused by reflections, scattering, and diffraction. Multipath can lead to signal fading and interference, which can degrade the overall signal quality.Diversity Techniques.Diversity techniques are employed to mitigate the effects of fading and interference. By using multiple receiving antennas or transmitting multiple copies of the signal, diversity techniques improve the probability of receiving a reliable signal.Channel Coding and Error Correction.Channel coding involves adding redundant information to the transmitted signal. This redundancy allows the receiver to detect and correct errors that may occur during signal transmission. Error correction codes (ECCs) are used to identify and correct bit errors, ensuring reliable data transmission.Conclusion.Understanding the principles and processes of wireless signal transmission is essential for designing, deploying, and troubleshooting wireless communication systems. By optimizing signal modulation, propagation, and diversity techniques, we can achieve reliable and high-qualitywireless connectivity.中文回答：无线信号传输过程及通信原理。

家长玩手机孩子孤独的英语英文作文全文共2篇示例，仅供读者参考家长玩手机孩子孤独的英语英文作文1:Title: The Impact of Parents' Smartphone Usage on Children's LonelinessIn today's digital age, smartphones have become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, amidst the convenience and connectivity they offer, there lies a hidden consequence –the impact on familial relationships, particularly between parents and children. This essay delves into the ramifications of parents' excessive smartphone usage on children's feelings of loneliness and explores potential solutions to mitigate this growing issue.The pervasive presence of smartphones has led to a shift in family dynamics, with parents increasingly engrossed in their screens, often at the expense of meaningful interactions with their children. Instead of engaging in face-to-face conversations or participating in activities together, parentsmay find themselves constantly scrolling through social media feeds or responding to work emails, inadvertently neglecting their children's emotional needs. Consequently, children may experience feelings of isolation and loneliness, yearning for the attention and affection that their parents' smartphones have seemingly replaced.Research corroborates the adverse effects of parental smartphone usage on children's well-being, highlighting a correlation between parental digital distraction and children's increased susceptibility to loneliness. A study conducted by psychologists at the University of Michigan revealed that children whose parents frequently use smartphones fornon-essential purposes are more likely to exhibit behavioral problems and report feelings of loneliness. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to parental smartphone addiction can impair children's socio-emotional development, hindering their ability to form secure attachments and fostering a sense of detachment from their family environment.The detrimental consequences of parental smartphone addiction extend beyond familial relationships to encompasschildren's overall mental health and psychological resilience. As children internalize the message that their parents' screens take precedence over their presence, they may develop feelings of inadequacy and low self-worth, perceiving themselves as unworthy of their parents' undivided attention. Consequently, children may resort to maladaptive coping mechanisms, such as excessive screen time or withdrawal from social interactions, exacerbating their sense of loneliness and exacerbating their vulnerability to mental health disorders.Despite the alarming implications of parental smartphone addiction on children's loneliness, there exist strategies to ameliorate this pervasive issue and foster healthier family dynamics. Firstly, parents must prioritize quality time with their children by setting boundaries around smartphone usage and carving out dedicated periods for device-free interactions. By demonstrating active listening and genuine engagement during these moments, parents can reaffirm their emotional connection with their children and alleviate feelings of loneliness.Moreover, parents can serve as positive role models bymodeling mindful technology use and demonstrating the importance of maintaining a healthy balance between screen time and real-life interactions. By showcasing behaviors such as active listening, empathy, and presence, parents can instill valuable interpersonal skills in their children and cultivate a supportive family environment conducive to emotionalwell-being.Additionally, fostering open communication within the family can empower children to express their feelings of loneliness and articulate their needs for parental attention and validation. By creating a safe and non-judgmental space for dialogue, parents can gain insights into their children's emotional experiences and collaborate on strategies to address feelings of loneliness constructively.In conclusion, the prevalence of parental smartphone addiction poses a significant threat to children's emotional well-being, contributing to feelings of loneliness and disconnection within the family unit. However, by recognizing the impact of their smartphone usage on their children and implementing proactive measures to prioritize meaningfulinteractions, parents can mitigate the adverse effects of digital distraction and nurture stronger, more resilient family relationships. Ultimately, fostering a healthy balance between technology use and genuine human connection is essential in safeguarding children's emotional health and fostering a sense of belonging within the family.家长玩手机孩子孤独的英语英文作文2:Title: The Impact of Parents Using Smartphones on Children's LonelinessIn today's digital age, smartphones have become an essential part of our daily lives. However, the excessive use of smartphones by parents can have a negative impact on their children, leading to feelings of loneliness and neglect. This phenomenon has become increasingly common as parents spend more time glued to their screens rather than engaging with their children.One of the main reasons why children may feel lonely when their parents are constantly on their smartphones is the lack of attention and interaction they receive. When parents are preoccupied with their devices, they are less likely toengage in meaningful conversations or activities with their children. This can leave children feeling isolated and disconnected from their parents, leading to feelings of loneliness and emotional distress.Furthermore, the constant use of smartphones by parents can create a sense of neglect in children. When parents prioritize their devices over spending quality time with their children, it sends a message that the digital world is more important than their own flesh and blood. This can lead to feelings of abandonment and insecurity in children, contributing to their sense of loneliness and emotional vulnerability.Moreover, the use of smartphones by parents can also impact the overall family dynamic and communication. Instead of engaging in face-to-face interactions, families may resort to communicating through screens, leading to a breakdown in interpersonal relationships and a lack of emotional connection. This can further exacerbate feelings of loneliness and isolation in children, as they crave genuine human interaction and connection with their parents.In addition, the excessive use of smartphones by parents can also set a poor example for children in terms of screen time and technology usage. Children learn by observing their parents' behavior, and if they see their parents constantly on their phones, they may internalize this behavior and develop unhealthy screen habits themselves. This can further isolate children from their parents and peers, leading to increased feelings of loneliness and social withdrawal.To address this issue, parents need to be more mindful of their smartphone usage and prioritize spending quality time with their children. Setting boundaries around screen time and establishing tech-free zones in the home can help create a more balanced and healthy environment for children to thrive in. Parents should also make an effort to engage in meaningful conversations and activities with their children, fostering a strong emotional connection and sense of belonging within the family.In conclusion, the impact of parents using smartphones on children's loneliness is a growing concern in today's digital age.It is important for parents to be aware of the negative effects of excessive smartphone use on their children and take proactive steps to mitigate these impacts. By prioritizing quality time and meaningful interactions with their children, parents can help create a more nurturing and supportive environment that fosters emotional well-being and reduces feelings of loneliness in children.。

提高亲子关系作文英语Title: Enhancing Parent-Child Relationships。

Parent-child relationships are the cornerstone of a healthy family dynamic and play a crucial role in shaping a child's development and well-being. Here are somestrategies to strengthen and improve these relationships:1. Effective Communication:Open and honest communication lays the foundationfor a strong parent-child bond. Parents should create a safe space where children feel comfortable expressing their thoughts, feelings, and concerns without fear of judgment. Active listening is key parents should give their full attention, show empathy, and validate their child's emotions.2. Quality Time Together:Spending quality time together fosters connectionand builds memories that last a lifetime. Parents should prioritize one-on-one time with each child, engaging in activities they enjoy and showing genuine interest in their hobbies and passions. Whether it's playing games, going for a walk, or simply having a heart-to-heart conversation, these shared experiences strengthen the parent-child bond.3. Positive Reinforcement:Praise and encouragement are powerful tools for building a child's self-esteem and confidence. Parents should acknowledge their child's achievements, no matterhow small, and offer specific praise to reinforce positive behavior. By focusing on strengths rather than shortcomings, parents can inspire their children to reach their full potential and foster a sense of pride in their accomplishments.4. Setting Boundaries and Consistency:Clear and consistent boundaries provide childrenwith a sense of security and help them understand expectations. Parents should establish age-appropriate rules and consequences, enforcing them with fairness and consistency. By setting limits and following through with consequences when necessary, parents teach their children respect, responsibility, and self-discipline.5. Leading by Example:Parents are their children's first and most influential role models. It's essential for parents to demonstrate the values and behaviors they wish to instillin their children, such as kindness, honesty, and resilience. By modeling positive behavior and handling challenges with grace and resilience, parents teach valuable life lessons that shape their children's character and moral compass.6. Quality Family Meals:Sharing meals together provides an opportunity for families to connect and bond over food and conversation.Parents should aim to have regular family meals where everyone sits down together without distractions like phones or television. These shared meals promote communication, foster a sense of belonging, and strengthen family ties.7. Respect and Empathy:Mutual respect and empathy are essential ingredients for a healthy parent-child relationship. Parents should treat their children with dignity, listen to their perspectives, and validate their feelings, even when they disagree. By showing empathy and understanding, parents create a supportive environment where children feel valued and understood.8. Celebrating Traditions and Creating New Ones:Traditions create a sense of continuity and identity within families. Parents should celebrate cultural and family traditions, passing down values and creating lasting memories. Additionally, families can create new traditionstogether, such as game nights, movie marathons, or annual vacations, strengthening their bond and creating shared experiences.In conclusion, enhancing parent-child relationships requires a combination of effective communication, quality time, positive reinforcement, setting boundaries, leading by example, sharing meals, showing respect and empathy, and celebrating traditions. By prioritizing these strategies, parents can foster a strong and nurturing bond with their children that will endure throughout their lives.。

Teenage Values Navigating the ComplexWorldNavigating the complex world of teenage values can be a challenging and overwhelming task. With societal expectations, peer pressure, and personal beliefs all playing a role in shaping a teenager's values, it's no wonder that many adolescents find themselves struggling to find their place in the world. In this essay, we will explore the various factors that influence teenage values and how young people can navigate this complex landscape. One of the most influential factors in shaping teenage values is the media. With the rise of social media and the constant bombardment of images and messages, teenagers are often exposed to unrealistic standards of beauty, success, and happiness. This can lead to feelings of inadequacy and a distorted sense of self-worth. As a result, many young people may feel pressure to conform to these ideals, leading them to prioritize superficial values such as physical appearance and material wealth. In addition to the media, peer influence also plays a significant role in shaping teenage values. Adolescents are highly influenced by their peers, often seeking validation and acceptance from their social circles. This can lead to the adoption of values and behaviors that may not align with their true beliefs and principles. The desire to fit in and be liked by others can cause teenagers to compromise their values in order to gain social approval. Furthermore, family dynamics and upbringing can greatly impact a teenager's values. Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in instilling moral and ethical values in their children. However, conflicting values within the family or a lack of guidance can leave teenagers feeling confused and uncertain about their own beliefs. Additionally, cultural and religious influences can also shape a teenager's values, further adding to the complexity of navigating this aspect of their lives. As teenagers navigate the complex world of values, it is important for them to develop a strong sense ofself-awareness. This involves reflecting on their own beliefs, principles, and priorities. By understanding what truly matters to them, teenagers can begin to establish a solid foundation for their values, allowing them to make decisionsthat are aligned with their authentic selves. This process of self-discovery canbe empowering and liberating, as it enables teenagers to break free from the pressures of external influences and live according to their own truth. Moreover, fostering open and honest communication within the family can also support teenagers in navigating their values. When parents and caregivers create a safe space for their children to express themselves and ask questions, teenagers can feel more supported in exploring their values. This open dialogue can help teenagers develop critical thinking skills and the ability to discern betweentheir own values and those imposed by external influences. In addition to self-awareness and open communication, teenagers can benefit from seeking out positive role models and mentors who embody the values they aspire to uphold. Whether it's a teacher, coach, or community leader, having someone to look up to can provide teenagers with guidance and inspiration as they navigate the complexities of their values. These role models can offer valuable insights and support, helping teenagers stay true to themselves in the face of external pressures. Furthermore, engaging in activities that promote personal growth and self-discovery can also aid teenagers in navigating their values. Whether it's through art, music, sports, or volunteer work, participating in meaningful activities can help teenagers develop a sense of purpose and identity. These experiences can also provide opportunities for teenagers to connect with like-minded individuals and build a strong support network, further reinforcing their values and beliefs. In conclusion, navigating the complex world of teenage values is a multifaceted journey that requires self-awareness, open communication, positive role models, and meaningful experiences. By understanding the various factors that influence their values and actively seeking out ways to stay true to themselves, teenagers can overcome the challenges of external pressures and societal expectations. Ultimately, empowering teenagers to navigate their values is essential in helping them develop into confident, compassionate, and authentic individuals.。

面对日益大的代沟,父母应该做英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Facing the Increasing Generation Gap, Parents Should DoIn the fast-paced modern society, the generation gap between parents and children is becoming wider and wider. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the rapid development of technology, the changing social values, and the diversity of thought. It is crucial that parents take active measures to bridge the gap and strengthen the bond with their children.First and foremost, parents should make an effort to understand the interests, hobbies, and concerns of their children. This can be achieved by spending quality time together, engaging in meaningful conversations, and showing genuine interest in their activities. By doing so, parents can gain insight into the world of their children and develop a closer relationship based on mutual respect and understanding.Secondly, parents should strive to keep up with the latest trends and technologies that are popular among the younger generation. This includes social media, video games, music, andfashion. By familiarizing themselves with these aspects of youth culture, parents can better connect with their children and have more meaningful conversations with them.Furthermore, parents should encourage open communication and honest dialogue with their children. It is important for parents to create a safe and supportive environment where their children feel comfortable sharing their thoughts, feelings, and concerns. By being good listeners and showing empathy, parents can not only bridge the generation gap but also strengthen the emotional bond with their children.Moreover, parents should lead by example and be positive role models for their children. This involves demonstrating good behavior, values, and ethics in everyday life. By setting a good example, parents can instill in their children the importance of integrity, responsibility, and respect.In conclusion, the increasing generation gap between parents and children is a common challenge in today's society. However, by taking proactive steps to understand, connect, and communicate with their children, parents can overcome this gap and build stronger relationships with them. It is essential for parents to be patient, open-minded, and supportive in order to bridge the generation gap and foster a deep and meaningfulconnection with their children. By doing so, parents can help their children grow into confident, responsible, and happy individuals.篇2Facing the Growing Generation Gap, What Should Parents DoGeneration gap, the differences in opinions, values, and attitudes between older and younger generations, has always existed throughout history. However, with the rapid development of technology and changing social norms, the generation gap seems to be widening and becoming more pronounced in our society today. As a result, parents are often finding it challenging to connect with their children and bridge the gap between them.So, what should parents do in order to effectively navigate this growing generation gap?First and foremost, parents need to communicate with their children regularly and openly. Communication is key to understanding each other's perspectives and solving conflicts that may arise due to generational differences. Parents shouldtry to listen to their children's opinions and feelings without judgment, and provide guidance and support when needed.Secondly, parents should try to understand the world their children are growing up in. This means keeping up with the latest trends, technologies, and cultural references that are important to their children. By staying informed about these aspects, parents can better relate to their children and have more meaningful conversations with them.Furthermore, parents should respect their children's individuality and autonomy. It is important for parents to recognize that their children are unique individuals with their own thoughts, feelings, and aspirations. Instead of imposing their own beliefs and values on their children, parents should allow them the freedom to express themselves and make their own choices.In addition, parents should be willing to adapt and change their parenting styles to better suit the needs of their children. What may have worked for previous generations may not necessarily work for the current generation. Parents should be open to trying new approaches and being flexible in their parenting techniques.Lastly, parents should lead by example and demonstrate positive behaviors and values that they want to instill in their children. Children often learn by observing their parents' actions, so parents should strive to be good role models and show respect, kindness, and empathy towards others.In conclusion, the growing generation gap presents a challenge for parents in today's society. However, by fostering open communication, understanding the world their children are growing up in, respecting their children's individuality, adapting their parenting styles, and leading by example, parents can effectively bridge the gap and strengthen their relationships with their children. It is important for parents to embrace the differences between generations and work towards building a strong and harmonious connection with their children. Only through mutual understanding and respect can the generation gap be successfully navigated.篇3Facing the Increasing Generation Gap, Parents Should DoWith the ever-growing impact of technology and globalization, the generation gap between parents and their children is becoming increasingly prominent. This gap not onlyaffects communication and understanding but also creates conflicts and misunderstandings between generations. In order to bridge this gap, it is essential for parents to take proactive measures to establish better relationships with their children.First and foremost, parents should strive to understand the interests and preferences of their children. In today's fast-paced world, children are exposed to a wide range of influences that shape their beliefs, values, and interests. By taking the time to listen to their children's thoughts and opinions, parents can gain valuable insights into their worldviews and connect with them on a deeper level. This could involve engaging in activities that their children enjoy, such as playing video games, watching movies, or listening to music together.Furthermore, parents should make an effort to communicate openly and honestly with their children. Effective communication is key to building strong relationships and fostering mutual respect between generations. Parents should create a safe and judgment-free space for their children to express their feelings and concerns. By actively listening to their children without interrupting or dismissing their thoughts, parents can demonstrate their support and understanding.Moreover, parents should be willing to adapt to the changing times and embrace new technologies. In today's digital age, technology plays a significant role in the lives of young people. By familiarizing themselves with social media platforms, online trends, and digital communication tools, parents can better relate to their children and stay connected with them. This could involve setting up family social media accounts, participating in online discussions, or exploring new apps and games together.Additionally, parents should lead by example and demonstrate positive behaviors and values to their children. Children often look up to their parents as role models and learn from their actions and attitudes. By exhibiting qualities such as patience, empathy, and resilience, parents can instill important values in their children and inspire them to become better individuals. This could involve resolving conflicts peacefully, showing appreciation for diversity, and promoting kindness and compassion in the family.In conclusion, the generation gap between parents and their children is a common challenge that many families face in today's society. By making conscious efforts to understand, communicate, adapt, and lead by example, parents can bridgethis gap and build stronger relationships with their children. Ultimately, fostering mutual respect, understanding, and empathy between generations is crucial for creating a harmonious and supportive family environment. By working together and valuing each other's perspectives, parents and children can overcome differences and create lasting bonds that withstand the test of time.。