西安电子科技大学283二外德语历年考研试题

XX电子科技大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生招生考试《二外日语》试题（试题共九大题，共7 页，总分100 分〉姓名报考专业准考证号【所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效！】闹题I '0 号f （！一）一一在'0 忖尤言菜ω前办方牵蓄意址在们。

(10 点＝0. 5 点×20)1.全堡垒刻将b O、们主们：J鳖主塑那捡主旦去L尤。

2. 趟吝λA立占τ也翠盟主人专、们。

也部屋击毒扎们亿擂除Lτ、主墓王在？寅b飞τ扣意京宁。

3 . 壁iζ陆、中国ω盘里牵旦在二三岛P E主？。

4. 昨日除手如遣2 二ζ、::J 'Y 7' 合型2 二豆L,* i.,飞＊L,元。

5. 二庄旦陈主亟且主旦-c:- L,龙。

6 . 笙垒主ω靴别重坚1L,τ b飞毛。

〉飞7、盏羞L,* L,龙。

7.'t"Jt.京古λJ、ζ（！）阻Iv 牵鱼生立〈茫在们。

8.fi t> 在(J) 色别君l乙健全巳去？。

9.寅护尤们力斗王λ／'/J;;.主盟nτL京们主L龙。

10. 日本人陆鲤主立二ζ主别好意ξ言扣扎τ L飞去才。

阔题E ，－：，（！一）一击。

忖允雷粟ω漠字牵害t 在们。

(10 点＝0. 5 点×20)1.近填陆雨如J二〈忐，'?2支T（！）亏、坐立在t♀i二三二、I?bφ9如λJ仍J二步飞7才。

第1 页共7 页2.昨日战病氮忿q 尤仰亏、U、主r L,"".)ζ行。

τ、L λ.（I兰。

牵立j主主L龙。

3. 急l乙寒＜ft. 0τ、立主主在Lτ,们充甘们亏、胃豁出f L-＜巳主!i:.那1艺L 京L 元。

4. 太q τb飞毛(1)飞7、岛S 6 也(1)惊飞？古否定付。

如文龙l王击力S U飞们占J思护士寸。

5. 西湖陆去二三主lζ岛忐扎τb飞毛主ζ石飞？、L 存λJσ〉巳主之二揭i乙址。

τ们去？。

6. 万博公圃忆力马v萨拉萨扎τ护毛L、尤〈在λ／(1)小扇毛主I,τ,飞们毛L、占τ也精靡之t 主ζ 毛吧？。

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目录2020年西安电子科技大学199管理类联考综合能力考研精品资料 (3)2020年西安电子科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研精品资料 (4)2020年西安电子科技大学281二外日语考研精品资料 (6)2020年西安电子科技大学282二外俄语考研精品资料 (8)2020年西安电子科技大学283二外德语考研精品资料 (9)2020年西安电子科技大学284二外法语考研精品资料 (11)2020年西安电子科技大学311教育学专业基础综合考研精品资料 (13)2020年西安电子科技大学357英语翻译基础考研精品资料 (15)2020年西安电子科技大学431金融学综合（金融学90分，公司财务60分）之金融学考研精品资料 (17)2020年西安电子科技大学432统计学考研精品资料 (19)2020年西安电子科技大学448汉语写作与百科知识考研精品资料 (22)2020年西安电子科技大学601数学分析考研精品资料 (23)2020年西安电子科技大学602高等数学（不含线性代数和概率论）考研精品资料 (25)2020年西安电子科技大学603生物医学综合考研精品资料 (27)2020年西安电子科技大学681英语语法与翻译之新编汉英翻译教程考研精品资料 (29)2020年西安电子科技大学682哲学原理考研精品资料 (31)2020年西安电子科技大学683马克思主义基本原理考研精品资料 (33)2020年西安电子科技大学684体育学专业基础综合（含体育运动训练学、教育学各150分）考研精品资料 (35)【新】2020年西安电子科技大学801半导体物理与器件物理基础之半导体物理学考研精品资料 (38)【新】2020年西安电子科技大学802集成电路与半导体物理之半导体物理学考研精品资料 (39)2020年西安电子科技大学811信号与系统、电路考研精品资料 (40)2020年西安电子科技大学821电路、信号与系统考研精品资料 (43)2020年西安电子科技大学822电磁场与电磁波技术考研真题汇编 (46)2020年西安电子科技大学823自动控制理论基础考研精品资料 (47)2020年西安电子科技大学833计算机学科专业基础综合（数据结构、计算机组织与体系结构）之数据结构考研精品资料 (49)2020年西安电子科技大学841机械原理考研精品资料 (51)2020年西安电子科技大学842理论力学考研精品资料 (53)2020年西安电子科技大学843自动控制原理（古典控制）考研精品资料 (55)2020年西安电子科技大学844信号与系统考研精品资料 (57)2020年西安电子科技大学851物理光学与应用光学考研精品资料 (59)2020年西安电子科技大学861经济学（宏观经济学、微观经济学各占50%）考研精品资料.. 61 2020年西安电子科技大学862运筹学基础考研精品资料 (64)2020年西安电子科技大学863管理经济学考研精品资料 (66)2020年西安电子科技大学864管理信息系统考研精品资料 (68)2020年西安电子科技大学871高等代数考研精品资料 (70)2020年西安电子科技大学872普通物理考研精品资料 (72)2020年西安电子科技大学873物理化学考研精品资料 (75)【更新】2020年西安电子科技大学874大学物理考研精品资料 (77)2020年西安电子科技大学881中西方哲学史考研精品资料 (78)2020年西安电子科技大学883毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论考研精品资料 (81)2020年西安电子科技大学884综合测试考研精品资料 (83)2020年西安电子科技大学902数据结构与C语言程序设计考研精品资料 (86)2020年西安电子科技大学922分子生物学考研精品资料 (89)2020年西安电子科技大学931信号与线性系统考研精品资料 (91)2020年西安电子科技大学932自动控制原理及应用考研精品资料 (93)2020年西安电子科技大学951数据结构考研精品资料 (95)【新】2020年西安电子科技大学952计算机网络之计算机网络考研精品资料 (97)2020年西安电子科技大学199管理类联考综合能力考研精品资料说明：本套考研资料由本机构多位高分研究生潜心整理编写，2020年考研初试首选资料。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可--全国名校外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解（第3版）益星学习网可免费下载题库目录第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析二外德语考研真题分析重点院校二外德语考研真题比较第2章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题详解1．北京外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）2．中国人民大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2007）3．对外经济贸易大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2013～2014）4．北京第二外国语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2013）5．北京航空航天大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）6．上海外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2006）7．浙江大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）8．武汉大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2011）9．南京大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）10．中山大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）11．厦门大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2013）12．四川外语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）13．南开大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2012）第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”是全国各院校英语、日语、法语、俄语等外国语专业研究生入学考试科目，考生第二外语为德语。

一般来说，“二外德语”总分为100分，考试时间为3小时。

二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外德语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外德语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。

分析各大院校的二外德语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的德语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外德语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。

西安电子科技大学研究生课程考试试题（答案必须写在答题纸上或在答题卡上填涂）考试科目：中国语言文化课程编号：考试日期：年月日考试时间：分考试方式：(闭卷) 任课教师：班号学生姓名：学号：Translation汉译英：与西方文化相比，以人为本的人文精神是中国文化最根本的精神，也是一个最重要的特征。

中国的文化不是靠一个外在的神或造物主，而是靠人自己道德的自觉和自律，强调人的主体性、独立性、能动性。

中国家庭秩序和社会秩序的维护都是靠人的道德的自觉和自律。

这就是中国文化以人为本的人文精神。

Compared with western culture, humanistic spirit oriented with people is the most fundamental Chinese culture, and one of the most important characteristics. Chinese culture doesn’t depend on an external spirit or creator, but relays on moral awareness and self-discipline of human, emphasizes the subjectivity, independence and motility of human. The family order and society order in China are maintained depending on the moral awareness and self-discipline of human. And all these are the humanistic spirit oriented with people in Chinese culture.中国文化中以人为本的人文精神是中华民族对人类的一项重要贡献。

电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：241法语（二外）注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、用括号中动词的正确形式填空。

（每空0.5分，共5分）1. Le musée d’Orsay (être)fermé tous les lundis.2. Je suis désolé, (pardonner) -moi, s’il vous plaît.3. Où est-ce que tu (être) hier soir à 8 heures?4. Nous (passer) les dernières vacances à Paris.5. Le ciel est bas; je pense qu’il (pleuvoir)bientôt.6. Je souhaite que nous (avoir) l’occasion de nous revoir.7. S’il faisait des efforts, il (réussir)à son examen.8. S’il a de la fièvre, il (prendre)un médicament.9. J’entends (chanter)dans la chambre voisine.10. (sortir) de la banque, j’ai rencontré notre professeur.二、选择填空。

（每空1分，共25分）1.- Qu’est-ce que vous voulez, madame? -A. Merci.B. Non, je ne veux pas.C. Non,je n’ai plus faim.D. Un café, s’il vous plaît.2. Monsieur Legrand vient d’acheter un appartement.A. nouveauB.nouvelC. nouvelleD. nouveaux3. -Quel jour ? - Lundi.A. sommes-nousB. suis-jeC. es-tuD. est-elle4. Sophie choisit avec un café comme son petit déjeuner léger.A. un croissantB.un bifteckC. un poissonD.un vin第1页共9页5. Après le dîner, la pauvre petite fille n’a plus faim et elle a mangé.A. siB. assezC. peuD. rien6. Il n’a parlé àdurant tout le week-end. Il était très triste.A. quelqu’unB. personneC. choseD. quoi7. –Tu peux finir ton travail avant onze heures?–Non, je ne peux pas finir avant onze heures.A. laB. lesC. leD. y8. L’homme je vous ai parlé est un commerçant compétent.A. lequelB. quiC. queD. dont9. Le de train doit être composté avant que vous montiez dans le train.A.ticketB. carteC.permisD.billet10.Nous voilà à Paris un mois.A. dansB. il y aC. depuisD. pendant11. J’ai eu quelques problèmes je n’ai jamais pensé.A. auxquelsB. lesquelsC.desquellesD. auxquelles12. Ma fille adore faire guitare.A. leB.duC. enD. de la13.Elle a tout son argent, c’est pourquoi elle ne peut plus payer sachambre.A. enlevéB. dépenséC. gagnéD. reçu14. L’électricité est polluante que l’essence.A. mieuxB. plusC. moinsD. pire15.Les prix étaient trop élevés ils ont refusé.A. puisqueB. commeC. pendant queD. donc16. S’il n’avait pas eu le code, il trafiquer la page pub.A. n’aurait pas puB. ne peut pasC.ne pourrai pasD. n’aura pas pu17. Le directeur rentrer directement de Paris.第2页共9页A. nous a faitsB. nous a faitC. nous est faitD. nous est faits18. ce film est drôle, il est également profond.A. Bien queB. SiC. Tandis queD. Même si19.monter dans le train, on doit faire passer son billet dans la machine àcomposter.A. AvantB. Avant deC. DevantD. Après20. à Shanghai, ils ont commencé à chercher un appartement.A. Après être arrivésB. ArrivéC. Après être arrivéesD. Après être arrivé21. Je ne peux pas te prêter mes livres: ce sont justement j’ai besoin pourrédiger mon article.A. ceux dontB. ceux quiC. celles dontD. ceux que22. - Dic donc, tu me laisses la revue ? -Non, je ne laisse pas.A. la teB. t’enC. te luiD. te la23. Il a essayé de contacter Alain par les moyens..A. tousB. touteC.toutesD. tout24. est vendu dans ce marché aux puces?A. Qu’est-ce quiB. Qui est-ce queC. Qu’est-ce queD. Qui est-ce qui25. J’aimerais que tout le monde venir.A. pourraB. peutC. a puD. puisse三、篇章理解。

杭州电子科技大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生招生考试《二外法语》试题〈试题共六大题，共 5 页，总分100 分）姓名报考专业准考证号【所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸无上效！】一、选择题〈本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，本大题共20 分〉1. Julie a voyage Allemagne l'an demier et il m’a apporte unjoli cadeau.A.aB. enC. a以D. dans2.SOllt VOS preferences?A. QuelB. QuelleC. Quels3.Je remercie votre farnille.A.toutB. tousC. touteD. Quelles D. toutes4.Il va chez lui voiture tousles jours, et il prend le metro presqueJ缸n创s.A.e nB. aC. avecD. p 缸5.Po urriez-vou s dire que j’adore so n de ss in.A.seB. leC. luiD. la6.Quandje suis e r世e, il avec son 缸ni pre s du fo町．A.p町lerB. a p缸l位C. p缸laitD. par l erai7.Veux-tu me r ecommander le stylo ici?A.bonB. bienC. mie uxD. meilleur8.Tu sais, je n e mange du to ut ce matin,p缸·ce que je n’ai pa s f出m.A.plusB. p asC. j缸n出sD. que9.Le docteur m’a con se ille d e prendre v i ande mais p部trop.A.duB. de laC. desD. /10. M onsieur Jardin a reyu le Prix d e l’Osc ar Iont e mps.A.pendantB. dan sC. il y aD.d e puis第l 页共 5 页－－··川、选词填空（本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，本大题共20 分〉faciliter forme resoudre accueillent po山ronsinteresse divisees permet suivent participent11.Le developpementindustriel d’amel iorer la vie des habitants de cette ville.12.Avant de toutes les difficultes, ilsne veul ent p部continuer leur travail.13.Nous utiliser plus de robot s dans la vie quo甘die nne.14.Pour le commerce et l'echange entre les Eta 臼membr邸，l’Union europeenne a decide de mener une politique.IS.Les etudes a l'universite sont en trois cycles: la licence, le master et le doctorat.16. Les universites chaleureusement les etudiants 伪angers.17.Je veux bien faire mes e阳des dans ce侃ecole,p缸℃e qu’elledes techniciens.18.T ou s les eleves de la classe ace trav出l.19.S i cet emploi ne vo us p蹈，也ites-le-nous savoir rapidement.20.L es jeunes chinoises de plus en plus la mode.二、阅读理解（本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，本大题共20 分）FrancophonieLe 20 m缸s est chaque 缸mee }'occasion pour les 200 millions de personnes qui p缸lent le 企an伊is, soit 3,2 %de l a population mondiale,de f eter leur langue commune. Ace胁。

电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：242 德语(二外)注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

I. Was ist richtig? Machen Sie ein Kreuz! (35%)1). _____ schlechtem Wetter müssen wir zu Hause bleiben.A.BeiB.InC.MitD.Von2). _____zum Unterricht zu gehen, geht er ins Kino.A.OhneB.NichtC.UmD.Statt3).Über dieses Problem haben wir gestern ein ernstes Gespräch_____.A.gemachtB.geführtC.geredetD.genommen4). Am Fenster_____, liest er die Abendzeitung.A.stehtB.gestandenC.standD.stehend5). Er glaubt, ihr_____.A.zu helfenB.helfen zu könnenC.kann helfenD.hilft6). _____ die Aufgabe schwierig ist, möchte er versuchen, sie zu erfüllen.A. ObwohlB. DennochC. WennD. Zwar7). Das ist das Haus, _____ ich 15 Jahre lang gelebt habe.A. dasB. dassC. woD. in dem Haus8). Meine Tasche_____ ins Wasser_____.A. ist...gefallenB. ist...gefälltC. hat...gefallenD. hat...gefällt9). Sie sagte, dass sie_____.A. sei krank gewesenB. Krank gewesen seiC. krank sei gewesenD. ist krank gewesen10). Das ist _____, was ich jemals gehört habe.A. das InteressantesB. das InteressanteC. das InteressantesteD. interessant11). _____er seine Arbeit verloren hat, führt er ein sehr einfaches Leben.共 8 页第 1 页A. AlsB. WährendC. SeitdemD. Bis12). Die ______Spielzeuge werden meistens ins Ausland exportiert.A. in Guangdong hergestellt wordenenB. in Guangdong hergestelltenC. in Guangdong herzustellendeD. in Guangdong herstellenden13). Er hat mit seiner Arbeit_____ und ist aufs Land gezogen.A. aufgegebenB. aufgehörtC. verzichtetD. verliert14). Wir _____ uns morgen um 8 Uhr vor dem Eingang.A. begegnenB. treffenC. besuchenD. erkennen15). Der Verkehrsunfall, _____ zwei Kinder verletzt worden sind,forderte sieben Toteund zehn Verletzte.A. woB. worinC. bei demD.in dem16). _____ seines China-Aufenthalts hat er fünf Städte besucht.A. InnerhalbB. InC. WegenD. Während17). Er ist_____ der bekanntesten deutschen Schriftsteller.A. einB. einerC. einsD. einen18). Er tut so, _____A. als ob er nichts verstanden hatB. als er nichts verstanden hätteC. als hätte er nichts verstandenD. als ob hätte er nichts verstanden19). Rauchen _____ deiner Gesundheit.A. verletztB. zerstörtC. vernichtetD. schadet20). Zu seinem Geburtstag schenken_____ ein Spielzeug.A. seine Eltern erB. ihm seine ElternC. ihn seine ElternD. seine Eltern ihn21). …Willst du mich heiraten?“ –…Nein, das_____ gar nicht in Frage.“A. gehtB.kommtC. stelltD. bleibt22). Wir müssen ein Taxi nehmen,_____ wir rechtzeitig zum Flughafen kommen.A. umB. damitC. so dassD. in dem23). _____, sitzt er allein im Büro und weiß nicht mehr weiter.A. Von allen Seiten kritisiert habenB. Von allen Seiten kritisiert wordenC. Von allen Seiten kritisierdD. Von allen Seiten kritisiert24). Seine Mutter behandelt ihn _____ ein kleines Kind.A. anB. fürC. wieD. auf共 8 页第 2 页25). Ich fahre _____ in die Stadt, _____ ich bleibe zu Hause.A. weder... nochB. zwar...aberC. entweder...oderD. nicht nur...sonder auch26). Weißt du überhaupt, wie dein Traum zu verwirklichen _____?A. istB. kannC. wirdD. hat27). Er______ den besten Schauspielern der Welt.A. gehörtB. zähltC. ist einerD. zählt zu28). ______ die Fernsehprogramme langweilig sind, sitzt er jeden Tag mehrere Stunden vor dem Fernseher.A. ZwarB. WennC. ObwohlD. Weil29). Mit 3000Yuan Einkommen im Monat_____ du hier gut _____.A. gibst...ausB. kommst...ausC. lebst...einD. kommst...an30). Die Krankenschwester hilft dem Patienten, die Tür______.A. zu machenB. zuzumachenC. zu zumachenD. zumachen31). Es ist entschieden, ______.A. hier eine Schule gebaut zu werdenB. hier eine Schule gebaut wirdC. hier wird eine Schule gebautD. hier eine Schule zu bauen32). Seine Freundin wird ihn bald besuchen, ______ er sich sehr freut.A. dassB. wasC. woraufD. womit33). Er finanziert sein Studium selbst.Deswegen muss er ______dem Studium noch arbeiten gehen.A. währendB. nebenC. beiD. mit34). Er macht uns mehrere Vorschläge, ______ wir überhaupt nicht einverstanden sind.A. mit denB. damitC. mit denenD. mit der35). Je mehr man raucht, ______,an Krebs zu erkranken.A. desto größer ist die GefahrB. desto größere Gefahr ist esC. desto größer die Gefahr istD. desto ist die Gefahr größerII. Leseverständnis: (20 %)Generationskonflikt… Ich kann das alles überhaupt nicht verstehen. Diese jungen Leute heute, die haben es ja viel besser als wir damals zu unserer Zeit. Meine Eltern-ganz einfache Leute- hatten共 8 页第 3 页kein Verständnis dafür, daß ich studieren wollte. Sie wollen nicht, daß ich aufs Gymnasium ging. Ich habe im Geschäft mitgeholfen；meine Eltern hatten einen kleinen Laden, den sollte ich später einaml übernehmen. Der ist aber pleite破产的gegangen, die Konkurrenz war zu groß. Heute steht da ein Supermarkt.Ja；ich habe später das Abitur nachgemacht补做；das war nicht leicht：tagsüber arbeiten, abends diese Kurse. Bis in die Nacht hinein habe ich über den Büchern gesessen.Mein Sohn hat nie zu arbeiten brauchen；es war selbstverständlich, daß er studieren durfte；als er noch zur Schule ging, hat meine zweite Frau für ihn gesorgt wie für ihr eigenes Kind. Ich dachte natürlich, mein Sohn studiert Medizin und kommt zu mir in die Praxis；ich stellte mir das so schön vor, mit meinem Sohn zusammenzuarbeiten；die Praxis wird ja immer größer. Die Leute kommen gern zu mir, ich bin ihr … Doktor“ schon seit so vielen Jahren；mit allen Sorgen kommen sie zu mir, und es ist schön, wenn man ihnen helfen kann.Später hätte er die Praxis dann übernehmen sollen；ich bin ja nicht mehr der Jüngste. Aber nein,er will nicht Medizin studieren, erklärt er mir. Ich frage Sie, gibt es etwas Schöneres als den Arztberuf? Literatur will er studieren, stellen Sie sich das vor. Ich lese ja auch gern mal ein Buch；dafür brauche ich doch nicht zu studieren.Und ich muß das auch noch finanzieren. Aber von mir bekommt er nur das Minimum 最小值, keinen Pfennig mehr. Er kann ja in den Ferien arbeiten, wenn er mehr haben will.Vielleicht überlegt er es sich noch. Die Praxis läuft gut；das Wartezimmer ist immer voll. Man muß natürlich hart arbeiten, es wird einem nichts geschenkt. Irgendwo muß das Geld ja herkommen：das Haus, der Wagen, die Reisen, dagegen hat der Herr Sohn nichts, das gefällt ihm alles sehr gut, aber Arzt werden will er trotzdem nicht. Glauben Sie, daß er als Lehrer später einmal so gut verdienen wird? Bestimmt nicht. Aber das ist ihm egal. Können Sie das verstehen? “Was ist richtig?36). Wer spricht da?A.Der Großvater.B. Der Vater.C. Der Sohn.37). Was waren die Großeltern?A. Lehrer.B. Ärzte.C. Geschäftsleute38).Was hatte der Vater gemacht, bevor er aufs Gymnasium ging?A. Er hatte in dem kleinen Laden seiner Eltern gearbeitet.B. Er hatte in einer kleinen Fabrik gearbeitet.C. Er hatte in einem Supermarkt als Verkäufer gearbeitet.39).Was ist der Vater jetzt von Beruf?A.Verkäufer.B. Arzt.C. Lehrer.共 8 页第 4 页40).Was sollte der Sohn nach dem Wunsch des Vaters studieren?A.Medizin.B. Literatur.C. Pädagogik.41).Wofür interessiert sich der Sohn?A.Medizin.B. Literatur.C. Geschichte.42).Wo arbeitet der Vater?A.In einem Krankenhaus.B.In seiner eigenen Praxis.C.In einer Fabrik.43).Warum ist der Vater mit seinem Beruf zufrieden?A. Er kann durch wenige Arbeit viel Geld verdienen.B. Er hat in der eigenen Praxis mehr Freiheit.C. Er verdient viel Geld, obwohl die Arbeit hart ist.44).Was ist dem Sohn egal?A. Ob man mehr oder weniger Freiheit hat.B. Ob man viel oder wenig Geld verdient.C. Ob man leicht oder hart arbeiten wird.45).Was will der Sohn später werden?A. Lehrer.B. Arzt.C. Arbeiter.Von Lernen und von der SchuleJeder Mensch muß von Geburt an lernen, d.h. er muß sich Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse aneignen, um ein selbständiges Leben in der Gemeinschaft führen zu können.Das Kleinkind muß z.B. das Laufen und Sprechen mühsam(辛苦的，费力)的in den ersten Lebensjahren erlernen, wobei Eltern und Familie natürliches Vorbild und Lehrer sind. Das Kind lernt im Spiel und durch Nachmachen. Der erste Ort des ordentlichen Lernens ist die Schule, die jedes gesunde Kind in der Bundesrepublik ab dem sechsten Lebensjahr mindestens neun Jahre besuchen muß.Zunächst werden dem Kind in der vierjährigen Grundschule so wichtige Fertigkeiten （技能） wie Lesen, Schreiben und Rechnen beigebracht（传授）. Daneben sollen die Kinder auch in Fächern wie Sport und Musik ihre Fähigkeiten entwickeln.Das Leben in der Gruppe und Gesellschaft muß geübt werden. Regeln und Gesetze, die für das Zusammenleben in Gesellschaft und Staat notwendig sind, müssen erlernt werden. Nach dieser Grundausbildung, die alle Kinder eines Jahrgangs gemeinsam共 8 页第 5 页erhalten, beginnt in Niedersachsen die zweijährige Orientierungsstufe（定向阶段）. Noch lernen die Kinder nach Möglichkeit in der Klasse, aber sie können bereits in verschiedene Gruppen aufgeteilt（划分）werden, in denen unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten gestellt werden. Diese Aufteilung richtet sich nach den Fähigkeiten der Kinder. Nach diesen zwei Jahren müssen sich Eltern und Kinder für eine der drei folgenden Möglichkeiten entscheiden: Hauptschule, Realschule oder Gymnasium.Die Hauptschule dauert noch einmal drei Jahre. Danach kann der junge Mensch eine Lehre in einem Handwerksberuf （手工业职业）beginnen.Die Realschule dauert ein Jahr länger und bereitet auf eine Lehre im Büro oder in einem technischen Beruf vor.Das siebenjährige Gymnasium unterrichtet hauptsächlich theoretisches Wissen. Sein Abschluß, das Abitur, ermöglicht das Studium an der Universität.Außerdem gibt es noch seit ungefähr zwanzig Jahren die Gesamtschule, die alle Schularten in sich vereinigt (etw. in sich vereinigen把......集于一体). Wer eine Gesamtschule besucht, braucht also die Schule nicht zu wechseln, was manche Eltern für einen Vorteil halten. Manche Kritiker meinen aber, daß man in dieser Schule nicht so viel lernt.Was ist richtig?46). Man muß_______ lernen.A. lebenslangB. ab dem 6. LebensjahrC. mit sechs JahrenD. vor der Heirat47). Man eignet sich Wissen an, ________.A. um sein Brot zu verdienenB. um selbständig leben zu könnenC. um die Familie zu ernährenD. um sich ein besseres Leben zu schaffen48). Kinder können bei den Eltern durch Nachmachen ________lernen.A. schreibenB. rechnenC. sprechenD. lesen49). Wieviel Jahre muß man in Niedersachsen in die Schule gehen?A. Sechs Jahren.B. Vier Jahre.C. Neun JahreD. Dreizehn Jahre.50). Die Grundschule dauert in der Bundesrepublik ________.A. zehn JahreB. neun JahreC. sechs JahreD. vier Jahre51). Nach der Grundschule gehen die Kinder in Niedersachsen ________.A. in die HauptschuleB. in die RealschuleC. zum GymnasiumD. in die Orientierungsstufe52). In der Orientierungsstufe ________.共 8 页第 6 页A. müssen die Kinder zusammen in derselben Klasse lernenB. müssen die Kinder in verschiedene Klassen aufgeteilt werdenC.lernen die Kinder entweder zusammen in der Klasse, oder sie werden inverschiedene Gruppen aufgeteilt.D. dürfen die Kinder nicht mehr zusammen in der Klasse lernen.53). Wonach werden die Schüler in der Orientierungsstufe aufgeteilt?A. Nach ihren Sprachkenntnissen.B. Nach der Meinung ihrer Eltern.C. Nach den Bedingungen der SchuleD. Nach ihren Fähigkeiten.54). Die Realschule in Niedersachsen dauert ________.A. noch länger als die GrundschuleB. vier JahreC. drei JahreD. genauso lang wie die Hauptschule55). Was is nach dem Text richtig?A. Alle sind für die Gesamtschule.B. Alle sind gegen die GesamtschuleC. Manche sind dafür, aber manche sind der anderen Meinung.D. Die Gesamtschule hat nur Vorteile.III.Ergänzen Sie die Sätze!（5%）56). Er hat mich gebeten, ihm bei der Arbeit ________ helfen.57). ________ er sechs Jahre alt war, ging er in die Schule.58). Er ist einer________ besten Schüler in unserer Klasse.59). Das ist alles, ________ ich zu sagen habe.60). Ich möchte alle Anwesenden darum ________, in diesem Raum nicht zu rauchen.61). Ich fahre________ zur Uni noch in die Stadt.62). Deine Uhr kostet2000Yuan,aber meine nur200Yuan. Deine Uhr ist viel________als meine.63). ________soll ich die Tischlampe stellen?64). Sie können mein Auto benutzen. Es ________Ihnen jede Zeit zur Verfügung.65). Die Frau,mit________Tochter wir ins Kino gegangen sind, ist unsere Lehrerin.共 8 页第 7 页IV. Übersetzen Sie ins Deutsche: (15 %)66．考试期间他没空。

2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each)16. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.A revealB underlineC improveD integrate17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.A justiceB biasC participationD regionalism18. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.A consideredB stipulatedC raisedD stimulated19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.A set foot onB lost their heart toC set their mind onD get hold of20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.A approximatelyB exactlyC less thanD more than21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.A pulled outB pulled inC pulled downD pulled up22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A observeB memorizeC commentD request23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the human brain.A likenessB relationC contradictionD difference24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in some aspects.A practicallyB wonderfullyC beneficiallyD seemingly25. The alleged all-power master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.A so-calledB well-knownC esteemedD undoubted26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic ____A reservoirB warehouseC poolD storehouse27. The chairman said that he was prepared to ____the younger people in the decision making.A put up withB make way forC shed light onD take charge of28. Tom is angry at Linda because she ____ him ____ all the time.A sets..upB puts…downC runs…outD drops…in29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a _____characteristic of intelligence.A definingB decliningC defeatingD deceiving30. Our picnic having been ____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it cleared up.A destroyedB underminedC spoiltD contaminated31. I was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of ____ were pretty ordinary.A despisedB resentedC worshippedD ridiculed.32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s ____ with a group.A specificationB unificationC notificationD identification33. The ____ from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.A brain damageB brain trustC brain feverD brain drain34. This matter settled, we decided to ___ to the next item on the agenda.A succeedB exceedC proceedD precede35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often ___you for being a good conversationalist.A complementB complimentC compelD complainPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stationsdevote 40 minutes of every hour to 37 .Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 39 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airport, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high-speed 41 . some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42 basketball player earned $ 3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 43 their products. There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subways ----even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators -----and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail. 47 Insider’s Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated 48 of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $ 275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $ 411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected $ 434.4 billion for 1998. Big money.What is the effect of all of this ? One analyst 50 it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals , concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behaviour.36. A lonely B alone C singly D individually37. A commerce B consumers C commercials D commodities38. A through B up C in D about39. A taken to B spent in C expected of D exposed to40. A incidents B affairs C events D programs41. A flashes B billboards C attractions D messages .42. A top-heavy B top-talented C top-secret D top-ranking43. A improve B promote C urge D update44. A Audio B Studio C Oral D Video45. A since B while C even D if46. A toss out B lay down C blow out D break down47. A It is said that B Apart from C According to D Including in48. A digit B amount C account D budget49. A raised B elevated C roared D soared50. A said B recorded C told D putPassage One For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.Historian John Keegan writes, “Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunitions, costing little more than the transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.”Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor----too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain.For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a singlemodern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions o f dollars’ worth of small arms and light weapons, not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.51. It is implied in the passage that __________A small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control.B the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement.C the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished.D nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago.52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because ____A They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism.B They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons.C They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time.D They face other more important problems such as pollution.53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?A Small arms are cheap.B Small arms are powerful .C Small arms are easier to use.D Small arms are easier to get54. We can conclude from the passage that ____A small arms are not expensive in the black-market.B it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond.C Criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms.D where there are drugs, there are small arms.55. The best title for this passage is ____A Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms Talks.B Neglect of Small Arms ControlC Global Traffic in Small ArmsD Small Arms, Big Problems.Passage Two In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What had been a consequence?Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to using other methods of medical treatment.In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. “The Berlin Wall that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling,” said Consumer Reports of May 2000.The Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA) observed, “Alternative medical therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national at tention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public.”In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard, Stanford, University of Arizona, and Yale.JAMA noted, “ Now an estimated 3 in 5 individual seeing a medical doctor for a principal condition also used an alternative therapy.And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world.”The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, “There are no longer t wo types of medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.”56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies ____A pay doctors for prescribing their drugs.B have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years.C spend more money on their advertisements than on their products.D have produced some ineffective drugs.57. The sentence “The Berlin Wall …. Appears to be crumbling” in the third paragraph implies that _____A the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished.B there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs.C conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable.D conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies.58. According to the passage, alternative therapies _____A are widely taught in the U.S. medical schools now.B have been approved by U. S. government.C have been used by many American patients.D are as popular as conventional medicine.59. JAMA seems to suggest that ____________A U. S. government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies.B a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients.C pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies.D conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands.60. It is implied in the passage that ._____________A we should take as little western medicine as possible.B the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced.C herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans.D without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not be guaranteed.Passage Three Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.Solar systems such as Earth’s, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in “Goldilocks zone” orbits, where it is neither too hot too cold to support life.The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperature orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely to survive.The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris----One is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun. “It’s certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life,” said Jones. The requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state.NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planets.61. It is suggested in this passage that _______________A scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our galaxy.B Theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting life.C our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life.D with more powerful telescope, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe62. The “Godilocks zone” mentioned in the 5th paragraph most probably means _________A a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun.B a range in the universe in which th e planets’ temperature is suitable for life.C a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight.D a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system.63. Barrie Jones and Nick Sleep have found ____________A 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun.B many planets’ atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter.C the ways to tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets.D a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems.64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _______A in the group of stars known as Great Bear.B 2.5 times as big as Jupiter.C smaller than our system.D impossible for us to reach at present time.65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that it must have _____A enough water and proper temperature.B enough oxygen and hydrogen.C enough air and sunlight.D enough water in any state.Passage Four Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices, Vie President Al Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars: Spend billions on mass transit ----$ 25 billion to be exact. Last week, Gore unveiled his “Keep America Moving” initiative, which will spend $25 billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore’s self-proclaimed “new way of thinking”, all that’s necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to “give people a choice.”The federal government has been tryin g to “give people a choice” for decades to little effect. Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don’t do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the tax-payers paid for the planned transit systems.Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland’s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland’s Metro has been a multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro’s own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus. Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $ 62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of t he cost, but they wouldn’t attract the same volume of federal funds.66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems____A are characterized by low consumption of gasoline.B have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic.C aim at monitoring the public traffic.D are financially profitable.67. What does the author say about the federal government?A It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.B It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.C Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.D It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.68. What is said about Americans’ attitude toward the transit systems?A They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.B They think driving their own cars is more convenient.C They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.D They think there should be more choices in transportation.69 In the third paragraph, the underlined expression “cautionary tale” most probably means ____A an incredible storyB an untrue storyC a story giving a warningD a story teaching a moral lesson70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to ?A In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.B The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic congestion.C The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail system.D The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.Passage Five In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behaviour; but at bottom these rest upon more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedlyinferior to comparable work organized by business. If society’s sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.71. Many people think go vernment and business are “enemies” because ____A the struggle between the two parties has always existed.B they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries.C they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities.D the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end.72. The third paragraph mainly discusses___________A how government and business depend on each other.B why social order is important to business activities.C Why it is necessary for business to rely on government.D how business can develop and maintain order.73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?A They mostly aim at helping people to survive.B They can be conducted as well as those by business.C They are the ones that business can’t do well.D They are comparatively modern phenomena.74. We can conclude from the passage that ____A it is difficult for government and business to have good relations.B it is difficult to study the relations between government and business.C government should dominate economic activities.D government and business should not oppose each other .Passage Six Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it’s got to be done, but the price can be high.Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive.So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks, Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries.The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one thing in common---they fought powerful vested interests （既得利益者）with scientific data that those interests wished would go away.Commercial companies are not, of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a habit of backing the idea of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.For example, Alfred Wegener’s idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. this idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE（疯牛病）were caused by a protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally , in 1997, he received a Nobel Prize for his idea.Western science has always thrived on individualism---- one person’s ambition to topple a theory. So independence of thought is crucial.But this applies not only for scientists, but also their institutions.With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university research---- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research.Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more dif ficult.Yet we can’t afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and premature death.75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that __________A individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives.B personality plays a crucial role in the advance of science.C originality of thinking is the key to the advance of science.D the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements.76. Jeffrey Wigand’s idea about the nature of cigarette__________A was similar to that of the tobacco company.B sounded ridiculous to the general public .C was reached purely out of personal interestsD should be regarded as scientifically true.77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because _____A his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company.B he had been eager to defeat his company.C his idea was scientifically invalid.D he had long been an enemy of the company.78. The underlined phrase “place tectonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to ____A the study of the structure of the earthB scientific study of the climate of the earth.C the theory that the earth’s surface consists of plates in constant motion.D the theory that the earth’s surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body.79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that ____A governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies.B scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests.C scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted.D scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs.80. The author seems to be suggesting that _______A the vested interests are sometimes on obstacle to the progress of science.B governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment.C a timely response to people’s demand is appreciated by the academia.D the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s.Part V Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people.The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points )也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉中的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不够现代，其实这正是我们所需要的，/毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去，那亘古不变的魔力足以超出我们的想象。