牛津高中英语模块五书面表达知识交流

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2014年秋季一加一教育高二年级英语讲义（十九)模块五总复习编写人：蔡丹丹审核人：刘老师 2014/1/13Part I 重点词汇复习1. betray1）出卖；背叛He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy。

2）显露；泄露The expression on her face betrays her anger.The officer betrayed the secret to his friends.She could not help betraying her sympathy for us.2. admit1）承认；供认admit doing sth. 承认做某事 admit to sb. 向某人承认He admitted his crime。

He admitted to us that he was wrong.John has admitted breaking the window.2) 许可进入，准许进入admit sb. to/into--—接纳某人进入.。

.；吸收某人参加。

.。

This ticket admits two people to the football match.He is admitted to Nanjing University this year.3) 容纳, 容许The cinema admits about 2000 people。

Unit 2 the environment1 Then we will open the floor for discussionOpen the floor 自由发言I will open the floor to answer any question you might haveThe discussion yesterday was really dull! We were just listening to him talking and talking.Why not he _________ to everybody else?A open the floorB sweep the floorC hold the doorD have the floor2. waste1) n. 废物, 浪费, 垃圾Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.人们应当禁止工业垃圾污染我们的河流。

2) adj. 废弃的, 荒芜的, 多余的The boy threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.那个男孩以为它是废纸，把它扔掉了。

3) vt. 浪费, 消耗, 使荒芜(waste time in doing sth.)There is no use wasting time in discussing how it happened.浪费时间讨论它是如何发生的是没有用的。

3 amount表示“大量的”，修饰不可数名词；在句中时，由amount(s)来决定动词的单复数。

A large amount of money is needed badly.人们急需大量的金钱。

Large amounts of time are spent going over the lessons for the final exams.为了期末考试，花大量的时间来温习功课。

Unit 1 Getting along with others Project 教学案1 Lead-in1. Friendship plays an important part in our lives. Everybody needs friends. However，girls and boys have different types of friendships and different attitudes towards friends.2. Please turn to page 18 and read the magazine report and then answer the following questions 1) What puzzles Robert？(Some things about Amanda and her friends. For example，he can’t understand what girls can talk about for so long.)2) What’s the difference between boy s and girls in their attitudes towards friendship？(Girls always seem to have a lot to talk about with their best friends. They seem to have more friendships than boys. Boys cannot name a single best friend.)3) What are boys’ and girls’ friendships eac h based on？(Girls’ friendships are based on shared feelings and support while boys’ friendships are based on shared activities or interests.)4) Do you agree with these differences between teenage boys’ and girls’ friendships？Reading：Language focus1. attitude：(c.) 态度、心态have / take a …attitude to / towards sb. / sth. ：对某人持……的态度。

P2line5grade1step, stage or degree of rank, quality, etc; level of classification （官阶﹑质量等的）等级, 品级; 阶段; 程度: a person's salary grade, ie level of pay 某人的薪金级别* [attrib 作定语] high/low-grade civil servants, milk, pigs, materials 等级高[低]的公务员﹑奶品﹑猪﹑材料* Grade A potatoes are the best in quality. 甲等马铃薯是质量最好的.(a) mark given in an examination or for school work （考试或作业的）分数, 评分等级:Pupils with 90% or more are awarded Grade A. 满90分的学生评为甲等. * She got excellent grades in her exams. 她考试成绩优异. (b) level of (esp musical) skill at which a pupil is tested （学生受测试的）技巧水平（尤指音乐方面）: He's got Violin Grade 6, ie has passed a test at that level of skill. 他的小提琴6级考试及格了.(US) division of a school based on the age of the pupils; pupils in such a division 年级;（按年级划分的）小学生: My son's in the third grade. 我儿子上小学三年级.grade2[esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n] ~ sth/sb by/according to sth; ~sth/sb from sth to sth arrange sth/sb in order by grades or classes, ie assessed and marked with the standard or grade obtained 将某事物[某人]按级分类或分等: Theare graded by/according to size. 马铃薯按大小分等级. * Eggs are graded from small to extra-large. 鸡蛋从小的到特大的分成了等级.[Tn, Cn.n] (esp US) mark (written work); give (a student) a mark 给（书面作业）评分;给（学生）分数: The term papers have been graded. 期末考卷已评完分数了. * A student who gets 90% is graded A. 凡得90分的学生列为甲等.[Tn] make (land, esp for roads) more nearly level by reducing the slope （用削减斜度的办法）使（地面, 尤指路面）接近水平.P2line17Shock [U] state of extreme weakness caused by physical injury, pain, fright, etc 休克: be in/go into shock 处於休克状态* suffering from shock 已休克* What is the correct medical treatment for shock? 在医学上怎样处理休克才对? * She died of shock following an operation on her brain. 她作脑科手术後因休克死亡.v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause a shock1(3) to (sb); cause (sb) to feel disgust, indignation, horror, etc 使（某人）震惊; 使（某人）感到厌恶﹑愤怒﹑恐惧等: I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她去世的消息十分震惊. * He was shocked to hear his child swearing. 他听见他孩子骂人非常生气. * I'm not easily shocked, but that book really is obscene. 我并不是大惊小怪的人, 但那本书淫秽之甚确实让我大吃一惊.P2line26 forgivev (pt forgave / fəˈgeɪv; fɚˋɡev/, pp forgiven / fəˈgɪvn; fɚˋɡɪvən/)[Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth; ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) stop being angry or bitter towardssb or about sth; stop blaming or wanting to punish sb 原谅; 宽恕; 饶恕: I forgave her a long time ago. 我早已原谅她了. * I cannot forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died. 母亲临终前我未去看她, 为这件事我永远不能原谅自己. * She forgave him his thoughtless remark. 她原谅了他说的轻率的话. * (religion 宗) Forgive us our trespasses, ieour sins. 请宽恕我们的罪孽吧![Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb (for doing sth) (used in polite expressions to lessen the force ofwhat the speaker says and in mild apologies 礼貌用语, 用以缓和语气并示歉意): Forgive my ignorance, but what exactly are you talking about? 请原谅我孤陋寡闻, 你说的到底是什麽? * Please forgive me for interrupting/my interrupting. 对不起, 打搅了.[Dn.n] say that sb need not repay (the money owed); not demand repayment from (sb)免除（某人的债务）; 不要求（某人）偿还: Won't you forgive me such a small debt?这麽小小的一笔债, 请你免了行吗?(idm 习语) for,give and for`get dismiss from one's mind all unkind feelings and thedesire to blame and punish sb 不念旧恶; 不记某人的仇.> forgivable / -əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be forgiven 可原谅的; 可宽恕的; 可饶恕的: His harshness is forgivable. 他很严厉, 但情有可原.forgiveness n [U] forgiving or state of being forgiven; willingness to forgive 原谅; 原谅的意愿: He asked forgiveness for what he had done wrong. 他请求原谅他的错误. * (religion 宗) the forgiveness of sins 对罪孽的宽恕* She is sympathetic and full of forgiveness. 她富有同情心, 待人宽厚.forgiving adj ready and willing to forgive 宽容的; 宽恕的; 宽谅的: kind forgiving parents 慈爱而宽厚的父母* a forgiving nature宽容厚道的本性. forgivingly adv.P3line46 cheercheer (sb) up (cause sb to) become happier or more cheerful （使某人）更高兴或更快活: Try and cheer up a bit; life isn't that bad! 想办法高兴点儿, 生活并不是那麽糟! * You look as though you need cheering up, ie to be cheered up. 看来你需要振作起来. * (fig比喻) Flowers always cheer a room up. 房间里一有花就满室生辉.P3line51 sensitive(a) easily hurt or damaged 易受伤害的; 易损坏的: the sensitive skin of a baby 婴儿娇嫩的皮肤* A sensitive nerve in a tooth can cause great pain. 牙神经易受损伤, 可产生巨痛.(b) ~ (to sth) affected greatly or easily by sth 很受影响的; 易受影响的; 敏感的: Photographic paper is highly sensitive to light. 感光纸对光十分敏感. * This material is heat-sensitive, ie responds quickly to changes in temperature. 这种材料对温度变化很敏感. ~ (about/to sth) easily offended or emotionally upset 易生气的; 感情容易冲动的;神经质的: a frail and sensitive child 脆弱而娇气的孩子* He's very sensitive about being small, so don't mention it. 他对自己个子矮小神经过敏, 可别提这件事. * A writer mustn't be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反应过激.(approv 褒) having or showing perceptive feeling or sympathetic understanding 有细腻感情的; 同情理解的: an actor's sensitive reading of a poem 演员富於感情的诗朗诵* When I need advice, he is a helpful and sensitive friend. 我一没了主意他就帮助我, 是个体贴人的朋友.~ (to sth) (of instruments, etc) able to measure very small changes （指仪器等）灵敏的: a sensitive thermometer, balance, ammeter, etc 灵敏的温度计﹑天平﹑安培计等* (fig 比喻) The Stock Exchange is sensitive to likely political changes. 证券交易所对潜在的政治变化很敏感.P19line11 mean[Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tnt] ~ sb for sth intend or destine sb to be or do sth 打算或注定要某人成为或做某事物: I was never meant for the army, ie did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier. 我根本就不是当兵的材料. * She was never meant to be a teacher. 她从来就没注定要当教师. * His father meant him to be an engineer. 他父亲打算让他当工程师.。

英语书面表达的四步骤作者：胡学军来源：《教学与管理(中学版)》2016年第01期摘要书面表达是学生英语语言运用能力的重要组成部分，但由于缺乏针对性训练，一些学生的书面表达能力一直难以提高。

为此，本文从学生书面表达中存在的问题出发，提出“快速构思、有话可说、得体表达、一气呵成”四步骤解决问题的方案，旨在提高学生整体构思、段落丰富、表达自然和规范成文的能力，从而让学生更好地提升书面表达整体水平。

关键词书面表达主题构思思维拓展范式规范书面表达需要书写者具有比较丰富的语言知识、语篇知识和社会文化知识[1]。

尽管教师和学生在写作学习方面做了很多努力，但英语写作仍然属于薄弱环节[2]。

在高考阅卷中发现，学生书面表达的主要失分点仍然在于审题不慎、时态混乱、词汇贫乏、句型单一、结构失衡、表达不得体以及一些书写不规范、语法低级错误等问题[3]。

针对这些问题，笔者在平时教学中通过对学生快速构思、有话可说、得体表达和一气呵成四个步骤的训练，取得了预期的效果。

一、快速构思快速构思就是根据给定的文题、要求、提示（图示或表格），快速提取相应文体图式，确定主题信息，构建支撑信息，形成文章大致框架的思维过程。

1.常见问题（1）文体特点不清，没有相关图式的储存高考书面表达主要考查议论文、说明文、叙述文。

这些文体都有相应的成文特点，须平时归纳、运用，形成图式。

有了相应图式，根据给定的文题，才能快速构思，否则，构思无依无据，思维也就会杂乱无章，没有头绪。

一些学生正是由于在头脑中没有相关图式，在构思时缺少参照，从而不知如何构思，甚至不会构思，只能乱写一通。

（2）审题不清，要求不明，结构混乱审题就是确定文章基调，根据文题快速提取相应题材的成文方式。

如果头脑中没有丰富的题材概念，误读文题，误解要求，便不能形成有效构思，结构必然混乱。

2.训练方法（1）体裁、题材特点介绍，丰富构思图式要想让学生形成快速构思的能力，首先必须让学生了解不同文体的不同特点。

83学子 ２０１７．０３英语教学以读促说 以说促写——高中英语教学中书面表达的培养李 雯高中英语书面表达是“听、说、读、写”综合能力中最难的一项能力，“写”以“听、说、读”为基础，是“听、说、读”的升华。

因此，英语书面表达能力的培养不能孤立进行，要在“听、说、读”的过程中逐渐渗透，即以“兴趣牵头，以读促说，以说促写”，按照循序渐进的原则，逐步引导写作，培养书面表达的习惯，实现能力的提升。

一、趣味牵头，引领写作高中生对英语学习已经掌握了学习方法，有了一定的基础，自我控制能力和调解能力有所强化，但是在英语学习中同样不能忽略学习的趣味性。

趣味是学习活动的催化剂，为学生参与学习活动提供动力。

在日常教学中，教师要抓住机会，由兴趣带动学生进行写作训练。

例如，在牛津英语模块四 Unit 2 Sports events 的教学过程中，我抓住机会利用学生热衷运动的特点，安排了一个小写作训练。

我首先播放2008年北京奥运会的《我和你》，活跃气氛，激发兴趣，直奔主题：如何描写最喜欢的一项运动。

首先引导学生做好词汇准备，结合图片信息写出各个运动项目的名称，如球类运动项目：basketball, football, table， tennis, volleyball， badminton, rugby, baseball, golf;水上运动项目: swimming, diving, water polo; 田径项目：long jump, high jump, pole jump 等。

运动项目名称是学生们耳熟能详的，总结起来既轻松又愉快。

其次，指导学生如何开篇，如，Of all the sports, I like… Best，… Is my favorite sport ？或者If you ask me which sport I like best… 接下来引导学生进行正文部分描写，如，The reason why I like …is that …，I became interested in … when I was … 最后是文章的结尾部分：I become more and more… by playing …, I hope in the future I can…先投其所好，后引导“写作”。

Unit 1 Getting along with others Reading 导学案Step One: Leading-in1. Could you tell me the proverbs in the last lesson and their Chinese meanings？2. Discuss the following questions in groups of four.1) Do you keep in touch with your friends？2) Have you ever argue with a good friend？3) If you had a quarrel with your friend，how would you deal with it？Would you feel embarrassed when you met them again？4) How would you mend a broken a friendship？5) What do you think are the reasons that might lead to a broken friendship？(Choose several groups to present their discussions to the class. Any forms of presentation are acceptable. Collect the answers to the question 5)Step Two: Reading Comprehension1. Find the answers to the three questions in part A:2. Read the passage again (read aloud) and answer the question in part C1 and fill in the table in part C2.Step Three: Post-reading DiscussionPlease discuss the following questions:1) If you were Sarah or Andrew，would you try to fix the broken friendship with your friend？What would you do to fix it？2) If you had a problem with your friend，would you write to an agony aunt？If not，who would you talk to？3) If you were the agony aunt from the magazine，what advice would you give to Sarah or Andrew？Step Four: Language Points1) betray vt. 出卖，泄露；辜负，对……不忠；流露(情感)betray sb/sth (to sb) 泄露消息(给某人)；(向某人)出卖某人betray oneself 暴露自己的真面目He __________ my secret to all his friends.Judas _____________ Jesus to his enemies to in the last dinner.The expression on his face _____________ his anger.2) overlook vt. 忽略；俯视；视而不见，不予理会；不予考虑We couldn’t _________________ such a serious offence.She’s been _________________ for promotion several times.His apartment on the twenty-second floor _______________ a little park.3) swear vt. /vi. 发誓，许诺；咒骂swear to do sth发誓做某事swear at 咒骂，辱骂，诅咒swear by 依靠，信任；确定swear in 宣誓就职He ______________ to tell the truth.The boss is always ______________ at the workers.He ________________ in a mayor yesterdayI think she said she was going to the library，but I couldn’t ___________ by it.4) forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事forgive sb (for sth)原谅某人(某事)The teacher ________________ the student for his coming lateCould you ______________ me my fault？5) mean vt. 意思是；意味着；图谋，打算mean doing sth 意味着做某事mean to do 打算做某事be meant to do sth 应该做某事What do you mean by _______________(say) that？I didn’t mean ________________ (hurt) you.You __________________ (mean) ask why I was disappointed with the idea.Learning a foreign language doesn’t mean just ____________ (work) in a class.mean adj. 自私的；吝啬的；麻烦的，困难的Tom is mean.This is the ______________ storm in years.6) stand vi. 站(起)；坐落，位于vt. 忍耐，忍受；为……付账，请客stand for 代表，象征；stand by 站在旁边，和……站在一起stand sb a dinner 请某人吃饭On the riverside _____________ a row of weeping willows.The Monument to People’s Heroes ______________ at the center of the square.7) apologize vi. 抱歉，认错，悔过apologize to sb (for sth/ doing sth ) (因某事/做了某事)向某人抱歉apologize for oneself 为自己辩白或辩护Tom _________________ her _________ stepping on her foot.You should _________________ your teacher ___________ your fault.8) since conj. /prep. 自……以后，自……以来；既然，因为I have been there many times _____________ the war.__________ many of the customers work during the day，Billy has to collect the money at night. Step Five: HomeworkComplete the part D on page 4Do parts A1 and A2 on page 90 in workbook。

书面表达（一）阅读下边短文，而后依据要求写一篇150 词左右的英语短文。

Friends play an important part in our lives. We all like to make friends, but in factwe often don’ t clearly understand how to do it. While we get on well with a number of people, yet these people are probably not your true friends. In fact most people usuallyhave very few friends in life. For example, a person usually has less than 6 friends although he knows a lot of people.It is always true that two people like each other and enjoy being together, butbeyond that, the degree of intimacy(亲近) between them and the reasons why they sharetheir interests are quite different. When we make friends, we take into account(考虑) things like age, race, interests, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Althoughthese factors are not of great importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it isusual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the closer people become, themore they depend on one another.Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and accept differencesof opinions.[写作内容 ]1.归纳上文中第一段的内容，该部分词数大概 30 ；2.说说你对交友的见解，并包含以下重点，该部分次数大概 120 ：（1 ）你以为如何的朋友才是真实的朋友？（2 ）作为学生，你在交友时应当考虑哪些要素？[写作要求 ]你能够使用实例或其余论述方法支持你的论点，也能够参照阅读资料的内容，但不是直接引用阅读资猜中的句子。

牛津高中英语模块五单元语言点I’mwritinginreplytoyourletterofJuly,1.3. Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould ⋯⋯如果你能⋯⋯，我方感谢不尽Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould ⋯⋯Wewouldbemostgratefulifyoucouldconfirmthesearrangementsimmediately.如果方能立即确些安排，我方将感谢不尽。

followinone’sfootsteps:效仿某人Myfatherwasajazzplayer,andIwantedtofollowinhisfootsteps.conduct:vt.(1)行(2)指(3)(4)行表conductoneselfwell/badly:行表好∕坏conductor:n.指；售票；列；体asurveyconductedbyProfessorJohnson:由翰教授行的②conductaband:指一个③Copperconductselectricitybetterthanothermaterialsdo.Heconductedhimselffarbetterthanexpected.majority:n.多数，大多数amajorityof+n(复数):大多数⋯⋯〔作主，用复数形式〕Aclearmajorityofvoterswereinfavorofthemotion( ).大多数民都成一。

大多数。

它作主，如果整体，用数；如果个体⑵themajority:∕其中成，用复数。

Themajorityagree(s)withme.Themajorityof+n[C/U]:大多数⋯⋯。

作主，根据构中的名形式化。

①Themajorityofpeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceoflimitingpopulationgrowth. Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.Themajorityof+集合名:大多数⋯⋯。

牛津高中英语模块五语言点Unit 1Getting along with others一、 Reading1.betray: vt.背叛，出，泄漏betray sth to sb:向某人出∕泄漏⋯⋯betray oneself:露出原形betrayal: [bi ˋtre?l ]n.背叛①He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy.②She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight.她她很，但她的眼神里却露出她心里的愉悦。

③an act of betrayal:背叛的行⋯⋯ quiz, saying how easy it2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have soundedwas.⑴must have done:必定做⋯⋯⑵ “ saying how easy it was”在分作状，表示陪伴状。

3. fail sth:未能通⋯⋯fail to do sth:未能做⋯⋯①I failed my driving test the first time I took it.②He never fails to write to his mother every week.4.pretend sth: 假装，扮作⋯⋯pretend to do sth:假装做⋯⋯pretend that:假装⋯⋯①He pretended illness as an excuse.②Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in.③She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.5.admit (admitted ；admitting): vt.(1)承admit (doing) sth:承做⋯⋯admit that:承⋯⋯admit sb to be +n /adj :承某人是⋯⋯①He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted thathe had stolen the car.②We all admit him to be a fool.(2)允⋯⋯ 入，接受 , 取admit sb to / into sth:允⋯⋯ 入⋯⋯①Each ticket admits two people to the party.②Tom has been admitted into Peking University.6.beg (sb) to do sth:（某人）做⋯⋯beg (sb) for sth:（某人）⋯⋯beg (for) sth:乞⋯⋯①I beg you not take any risks.②He begged her for forgiveness.③John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.7. keep one ’s secret:守旧奥密keep one ’s word / promise:恪守言break one’s word / promise:背言8. (Page 2, Line 18)⋯⋯ paper that said⋯⋯say:vt.写到，表示；示read:vt .写着；指示，示①The clock said it was 7: 30.② I noticed a sign reading / saying“No Parking!”.9. swear (swore, sworn):vt. & vi.(1)誓，起誓swear to do sth:誓做⋯⋯swear that:誓⋯⋯①Mona swore never to return to home.② Victor swore that he would get his revenge(复仇 ).(2)咒，咒swear at sb:咒⋯⋯Rich(里奇 ) tripped over a dog and swore at it.10. spy on sth:∕ 探⋯⋯These days I have been spying on the enemy’s movements.11.focus: vt. & vi.集中注意力于；(使)聚焦n.焦点，要点focus sth on sth:集中⋯⋯于⋯⋯focus on sth:集中注意⋯⋯① The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area.②I was so tired to focus on anything.③The focus of the conference is on environmental issues.12.manner: n. 方式；止，度 [C]manners:n. (1)礼貌，礼(2)俗，in this manner:用种方式table manners:餐桌礼It’s good / bad manners to do sth:做⋯⋯有∕无礼貌① He objected in a forceful manner.他决反。