国际贸易双语试卷-A刘老师

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade KeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition anddiversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seek out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms as follows: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports andImports, Investment, and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested ina firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of。

外贸商务英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a typical payment term in international trade?A. FOBB. CIFC. DDPD. COD答案：D2. In international trade, what does "EXW" stand for?A. Ex WorksB. Free CarrierC. Cost and FreightD. Delivered Duty Paid答案：A3. What is the most common mode of transportation for international trade?A. AirB. SeaC. RoadD. Rail答案：B4. Which of the following is not a document required for exporting goods?A. Commercial InvoiceB. Packing ListC. Certificate of OriginD. Birth Certificate答案：D5. What is the primary function of a Letter of Credit in international trade?A. To guarantee paymentB. To provide insuranceC. To offer a discountD. To arrange transportation答案：A6. In which currency is the price of oil typically quoted in international markets?A. USDB. EURC. GBPD. JPY答案：A7. What is the meaning of "T/T" in international trade transactions?A. Telex TransferB. Trust TransferC. Trade TransferD. Telegraphic Transfer答案：D8. Which of the following is a type of non-tariff barrier to trade?A. QuotasB. Import dutiesC. SubsidiesD. Embargoes答案：A9. What is the term used to describe the process of adjusting prices to reflect changes in exchange rates?A. Price adjustmentB. Currency fluctuationC. Exchange rate adjustmentD. Price stabilization答案：C10. What does "MOQ" stand for in the context of international trade?A. Minimum Order QuantityB. Maximum Order QuantityC. Market Order QuantityD. Merchandise Order Quantity答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ is the document that proves the ownership of goods in international trade.答案：Bill of Lading2. When goods are sold on a ________ basis, the seller bears all costs and risks until the goods are delivered to the buyer.答案：DDP3. A ________ is a formal request from a buyer to a sellerfor a specific product or service.答案：Purchase Order4. The ________ is a document that provides details about the goods being exported, including their description, quantity, and price.答案：Commercial Invoice5. In international trade, a ________ is a document that certifies the origin of the goods.答案：Certificate of Origin6. The ________ is a document that lists the types and quantities of goods being shipped, often used for customs clearance.答案：Packing List7. A ________ is a type of insurance that covers the risk of loss or damage to goods during transportation.答案：Marine Insurance8. The ________ is a document that shows the terms and conditions agreed upon by the buyer and seller for the saleof goods.答案：Sales Contract9. In international trade, a ________ is a document thatlists the goods being transported, their weight, and other relevant details.答案：Manifest10. The ________ is a document that provides proof of the quality, quantity, and condition of the goods at the time of shipment.答案：Inspection Certificate三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between FOB and CIF terms in international trade.答案：FOB (Free On Board) means the seller's responsibility ends once the goods are loaded onto the ship, while CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) includes the seller's responsibilityfor the cost of the goods, insurance, and freight until they reach the destination port.2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using aLetter of Credit in international trade?答案：Advantages include security of payment for the seller and assurance of goods for the buyer. Disadvantages include higher bank fees and potential delays in payment due todocumentation issues.3. Describe the process of negotiating a contract in international trade.答案：The process includes initial contact, exchange of information, negotiation of terms, drafting the contract, legal review, and final signing by both parties.4. What are the main factors that influence the choice of transportation mode in international trade?答案：Factors include cost, speed, reliability, cargo type, distance, and infrastructure availability.四、案例分析题（每题20分，共20分）A company has received an order for 1000 units of a product, with the following terms: EXW, payment by T/T, and delivery within 30 days. The company needs。

外贸英语试题a及答案外贸英语试题A及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common mode of payment in international trade?A. Cash on deliveryB. Letter of CreditC. ConsignmentD. Barter2. Which of the following is not a term of international trade?A. FOBB. CIFC. EXWD. COD3. What does "CIF" stand for?A. Cost, Insurance and FreightB. Cost, Insurance and Freight to the PortC. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to the Port of DestinationD. Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission4. In which situation would a seller be most likely to use a Letter of Credit?A. When the buyer is a well-known company with a good reputationB. When the buyer is a new customer with no established credit historyC. When the buyer prefers to pay in cashD. When the buyer is in the same country as the seller5. What is the meaning of "T/T" in international trade?A. Trade TermsB. TelecommunicationC. Transfer of TitleD. Telegraphic Transfer6. The term "L/C" refers to:A. Land CertificateB. Letter of CreditC. License CertificateD. Legal Contract7. Which of the following is a document required for export?A. Bill of LadingB. Purchase OrderC. InvoiceD. All of the above8. What does "B/L" stand for?A. Bill of LoadingB. Bill of LandingC. Bill of LadingD. Bill of Lading and Landing9. The term "D/P" in international trade refers to:A. Document against PaymentB. Direct PaymentC. Discounted PaymentD. Draft Payment10. Which of the following is not a risk associated with international trade?A. Currency fluctuationB. Political instabilityC. Quality of goodsD. Market demand答案：1. B2. D3. A4. B5. D6. B7. D8. C9. A 10. D二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The term "EXW" means the buyer takes over the goods at the seller's premises, and the _______ is responsible for all the costs and risks from that point.2. When a seller agrees to "FOB" terms, it means the goods are considered delivered when they pass over the ship's rail at the port of _______.3. A "Proforma Invoice" is a document that serves as a preliminary invoice, providing details of the goods, agreed prices, and _______ terms.4. The "B/L" is a contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier, which is evidence of the receipt of goodsfor transportation and specifies the terms of the _______. 5. The "L/C" is a document issued by a bank at the request of the buyer, which guarantees payment to the seller upon fulfillment of the _______ terms.6. When a buyer requests "D/P" terms, it means that thedocuments will be released to the buyer only upon receipt of the _______.7. The "CIF" term includes the cost of the goods, insurance, and all transportation costs to the _______ port of destination.8. The risk of loss or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, which is referred to as "passing of_______."9. The "T/T" payment method is often used for smaller transactions where the buyer and seller have a good business relationship and trust each other, allowing for a quick and _______ payment method.10. In international trade, "COD" stands for "Cash on Delivery," which means the buyer pays for the goods in cash upon _______.答案：1. seller2. shipment3. payment4. carriage5. credit6. payment7. named8. risk9. convenient 10. delivery三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a Letter of Credit in international trade transactions?2. Explain the difference between "FOB" and "CIF" terms in international trade.3. What is the purpose of a Bill of Lading, and why is it considered a crucial document in international trade?4. Describe the process of a typical international trade transaction from the perspective of the seller。

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business which involved the crossing of national borders2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people intere sted in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. OpenVI.Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries joinin international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a cou ntry’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grewand developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.IX. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。

考外贸英语试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a term used in international trade?A. FOB (Free On Board)B. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)C. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)D. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)E. EXW (Ex Works)2. The term "Letter of Credit" refers to:A. A document issued by a bank guaranteeing payment to the seller upon presentation of certain documents.B. A letter sent by the buyer to the seller to confirm the order.C. A document issued by the seller to the buyer as a proof of shipment.D. A letter of introduction from the buyer's bank to the seller.3. What does "Tariff" mean in the context of international trade?A. A list of goods that can be imported or exported.B. A tax imposed on imported or exported goods.C. A document that certifies the quality of the goods.D. A system for tracking the movement of goods across borders.4. In international trade, "Countertrade" refers to:A. Trading goods for other goods rather than for money.B. Trading goods for services.C. Trading goods for intellectual property rights.D. Trading goods for financial instruments.5. "Dumping" in international trade is defined as:A. Selling goods below the cost of production.B. Selling goods at a price lower than the market price.C. Selling goods at a price higher than the market price.D. Selling goods in large quantities to flood the market.6. What is the role of a "Customs Broker" in international trade?A. To negotiate the price of goods with the buyer.B. To handle the customs clearance process for imported or exported goods.C. To provide insurance for the goods being transported.D. To arrange for the transportation of goods.7. The "Incoterms" are a set of rules that:A. Define the responsibilities of the buyer and seller for the cost and risk involved in the delivery of goods.B. Regulate the quality standards of goods in international trade.C. Determine the currency to be used in international transactions.D. Set the maximum weight and size of goods that can be transported.8. "Non-Tariff Barriers" in international trade include:A. Quotas and import licenses.B. Taxes on imported goods.C. Subsidies for domestic producers.D. All of the above.9. What is the purpose of a "Bill of Lading" in international trade?A. To confirm the payment for the goods.B. To serve as a receipt for the goods and a contract of carriage.C. To provide insurance for the goods during transit.D. To list the specifications of the goods being transported.10. "Free Trade Agreements" (FTAs) are designed to:A. Increase trade barriers between countries.B. Decrease trade barriers between countries.C. Promote the use of a single currency in international trade.D. Limit the types of goods that can be traded internationally.二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. When goods are sold on an FOB basis, the risk of loss or damage to the goods passes to the buyer when the goods have been _______.2. Under a _______ agreement, the seller is responsible for all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the destination.3. A _______ is a document that provides evidence of the terms of a contract between the buyer and seller.4. The _______ is the international organization responsible for setting standards and regulations for trade.5. A _______ is a type of non-tariff barrier that restrictsthe quantity of goods that can be imported.6. The _______ is a document that certifies the quality, quantity, and other characteristics of the goods being exported.7. A _______ is a type of trade where goods are exchanged for other goods without the use of money.8. Dumping can lead to _______, which is the practice ofselling goods below the cost of production in order to drive competitors out of the market.9. A _______ is a document that provides a detaileddescription of the goods being sold, including specifications, quantity, and price.10. The _______ is a document that provides proof ofinsurance coverage for the goods being transported.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a "Letter of Credit" and a "Bill of Exchange" in the context of international trade.2. Describe the role of "Export Controls" in international trade and provide an example of a controlled good.3. What are the benefits and drawbacks of participating in a "Free Trade Agreement" for a country?4. Discuss the impact of "Economic Sanctions" oninternational trade and provide a real-world example.四、案例。

国际贸易英文习题(含答案)国际经济学模拟习题（3）一、True or F al se （10*1’=10’）1. Trad e is a zero-su m activi t y; i f one country gain s, the oth er must lose.2. A nation maxi mi zes sat isfact ion b y reachin g th e h ighest possibl e indi fferen ce curve, and inthe ab sen ce o f trade wi ll produce wh ere it s productio n possibilit ies schedul e i s tangent toan indi fference curve.3. Th e factor endo wments model predi cts that international trade will t end to equalize th eprices o f trade-abl e good s amon g nations, but to in crease the wage gap b et ween capi tal-abundant and l abor-abundant nat ions.4. A tax o f 10 percent on i mport s o f sho es would be an exampl e o f a speci fi c t ari ff.5. An i mpo rt quota will not rai se th e do mestic price o f th e product as would a t ari ff, becau seit is not a t ax on i mp ort s.6. In bal ance-o f-p ayment s account, a transact ion resulting in receipt o f a payment is record edas a credit, wh ereas a tran saction resul ting in a p ayment to other n ations is recorded as adebit.7. Becau se they do not in clude an exchan ge o f goods or servi ces, unil at eral transfers do notappear on a n ation's b al ance o f payment s account.8. David Hu me was one o f the first econo mi st s to provide anal ytical support for mercantil isttrad e polici es.9. A nation would be most likel y to find its trade b alan ce i mpro ving after a cu rren cydepreci ation i f that n ation’s demand for i mport s and fo rei gn d emand for i ts exports wasvery inelasti c.10. A nation with nei ther a bal ance o f p ayment s surplus nor a b alan ce o f payment s deficit i s saidto be in int ernal bal an ce.二、choices（15*3’=45’）1. Th e l aw o f co mp arati ve advant agea). was rati fied b y th e Wo rld Trad e Organi zationb). explains ho w all count ries can ben efit wh en each specializes in producin g i tems in which i thas th e greatest rel ati ve effi ci encyc). explain s ho w onl y the most efficient n ations can benefi t fro m traded). is used to evalu at e a country’s milit ary strength2. Th e theory o f ab solute advant age was developed b ya. the Mercantili stsb. David Hu mec. Ad am S mi thd. David Ricardo3. David Ricardo developed the principle o f co mparative advantage sho win g th ata. a nation must b e th e least-cost produ cer o f a good in order to export th at it emb. no nation could have an absolut e ad vantage in all goodsc. in a t wo-country exampl e, onl y one nation ca n have a co mp arati ve ad vantaged. even a nat ion that h as l ower p roducti vit y in all goods can b enefit b y export ing th e it em inwh ich it is rel ati vel y l ess ineffi ci ent4. An indi fference cu rvea. sho ws th at most p eople reall y are indi fferent abou t intern at ional tradeb. sho ws th e demand preferences o f con su mersc. refl ects th e rel ati ve co sts o f product ion within a n ationd. indicat es ho w mu ch l ab or a country h as5. To maxi mi ze its sati sfaction, a nation will ensure that it s t erms-o f-trad e lin ea. is tan gent to it s product ion possibilit ies fronti er at one point (product ion point) and also to th ehighest att ainabl e indi fference cu rve at another poin t (consu mption point)b. is t angent to it s product ion possibilit ies fronti er and intersects an indi fferen ce curvec. int ersects its p roduction possibili ties frontier and is t angent to an indi fferen ce curved. intersect s it s productio n possibilit ies fronti er at one point and an indi fference curve at anotherpoint6. Facto r-pri ce equ alizatio n predicts th at with int ern ational tradea. the price o f a n ation’s abundant factor will rise an d that o f it s scarce factor will fallb. the pri ce o f a n ation’s abundant factor will fall an d that o f it s scarce factor will risec. the prices o f a nation’s abundant and scarce factors both will rised. the pri ces o f a nat ion’s abundant and scarce factors both will fall7. Th e effect ive rat e o f protect iona. distingui shes bet ween t ari ffs that are effecti ve an d those th at are ineffecti veb. is the mini mu m level at which a t ari ff beco mes effecti ve in li mitin g i mportsc. sho ws th e increase in value-added for do mestic production that a parti cular tari ff structuremakes po ssibl e, in p ercent age t ermsd. sho ws ho w effecti ve a t ari ff i s in raising revenue8. Th e inst itutional frame wo rk developed in 1947 to pro mote trade lib erali zati on is kno wn asa. the GATTb. the WTOc. the IMFd. Th e World Ban k9. Developing n ationsa. have very li mited invol vement in int ern ational tradeb. trad e mo stl y with each otherc. rel y heavil y on export s of pri mary products to ind ustri al nationsd. rel y h eavil y on exports of manu factured product s10. A custo ms union is uni que in that ita. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ationsb. has no t ari ffs on t rad e among memb er n ations and a co mmon set o f t ari ffs on i mport s fro mnon-membersc. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ations, a co mmon set o f tari ffs on i mports fro m non-members, and free mobil it y o f factors o f product ion such as l abor and capital among memb ers d.allo ws unrest ricted l abor i mmi grat ion fro m non-member nat ions11. A n ation's b al ance o f paymen ts st atemen ta. is a record o f th at n atio n's assets abro ad and it s li abiliti es to those fro m oth er nationsb. is an accountin g adju st ment p rocess en surin g that a nat ion's export s will b e equal to i tsi mport s c. does not incl ude tran saction s o f forei gn citi zen s or co mp anies li vin g or operat ingwithin that nation d. is a record o f th e econo mi c transact ions bet ween residents o f that nat ion and the rest o f th e world, usuall y fo r a p erio d o f on e year.12. Since b alan ce-o f-p ayments accountin g is a doubl e-entry accounting syst em, an export o f U.S.wh eat to M exico p aid for b y a d eposit to the U.S. exporters account in a M exican ban k would b e recorded on the U.S. b al ance o f payment s asa. a credit fo r merch andise exports and a credit to sh ort-term finan ci al flo wsb. a credit for merch andise export s and a deb it to sh ort-term finan ci al flo ws.c. a credit fo r merch andise exports and a d ebit to uni lat eral transfersd. a credit for merch andise e xport s and a deb it to o ffi ci al set tlements13. The forei gn-exchan ge marketa. is locat ed in New Yorkb. is a market in Chi cago for the int ern ational trading o f co mmoditi es such as wh eat or copper.c. is a mech anism for indi vidual s and insti tutions to ex ch ange one n ation al or regional curren cyor debt inst ru ment fo r those o f oth er n ations o r regi ons.d. is open fro m 9:00 a.m. t o 3:00 p.m. New York ti me, Monday throu gh Frid ay.14. Market fundament al s t hat might be expected to i nflu ence exch ange rat e mo ve ments include al lof th e follo win g facto rs excepta. di fferences in real inco me gro wth rat es b et ween countriesb. differen ces in real int erest rates bet ween countriesc. sp ecul ati ve opinion abo ut futu re exch ange rat esd. chan ges in p ercei ved profit abili t y o f econo mi c in vest ment s b et ween t wo countries15. If in fl ation is high er i n Mexico th an in the Unit ed Stat es, th e l aw o f one price would predictthata. t rad e bet ween M exico and the United S tat es wou ld decl ineb. the dollar pri ce o f auto s purchased in M exi co wou ld be high er than th e dollar price o f co mp arableautos purchased in th e Uni ted St atesc. the peso would appreciate rel ati ve to the doll ar b y an amount equ al in percentage t erms to thedifferen ce b et ween the t wo infl ation rat esd. the peso would dep reci ate rel ati ve to the doll ar b y an amount equ al in percentage t erms to thedifferen ce b et ween the t wo infl ation rat es三、Questi ons（45’, answer these questi ons i n Chi nese）1. Assu me that l abor is the onl y factor u sed in production, and th at th e c o sts of produ cing butt er and cloth are gi ven b y th e table belo w.(8’)(1) Express the pri ce o f bu tter rel ati ve to th e pri ce o f cloth in t erms o f labor co ntent for Ho me and Forei gn in the ab sen ce o f t rade.(2) What do th ese rel ati ve prices reveal about each country’s co mparat ive advantage?(3) What do th ese rel ati ve prices suggest about th e world price o f butt er rel ati ve to cloth that will exist on ce these countri es trad e wi th each oth er?(4) If th e wo rld pri ce st abi lizes at 1 with trade,what are the gains b y th e Ho me country achieved through trade with th e Forei gn country?2. Expl ain the i mmi serizi ng gro wth and li st the case for i mmiserizin g gro wth to be occur. (8’)3. Expl ain the exchan ge rate o vershootin g theory (8’)4. Suppose that the no min al int erest rate on 3-month Treasury bi lls is 8 p ercen t in the UnitedStat es and 6 percent in the United Kin gdo m, and the rat e o f in flat ion is 10 percent in theUnited St at es and 4 percen t in the United Kin gdo m.(9’)(1) What is th e real int erest rat e in each nation?(2) In whi ch direction wou ld intern ational invest men t flo w in response to these real int erest rates?(3) What i mp act would these in vest ment flo ws h ave on the dollar’s exch an ge value?5. What effect s does labor mi gration have on the cou ntry o f i mmi gration? Th e country o f emi gration?Th e world as a whole?(12’)国际经济学模拟习题（3）参考答案一、判断题（每题1分，共10分）╳√ ╳╳╳√ ╳╳╳╳二、选择题（每题3分，共45分） bcdba acacb dbccd三、简答题（共45分）1、(1) 封闭条件下，本国可以用一半的生产一单位布的劳动时间生产一单位黄油。

第 1 页 共 4 页2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷B本试卷适用于试卷所需时间120分钟。

闭卷考试，总分100分。

考试日期： 题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 分数 评卷人一、单项选择题：（共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）1. Which of the following is NOT true about mercantilism?A. Under mercantilism, exports were encouraged and imports were discouraged.B. Mercantilists believed that one country’s gains from trade came at the expense of another country or countries’ well being.C. Domestic producers were often hurt by mercantilism.D. Mercantilism focused on the accumulation of gold and silver bullion.2. When a nation requires fewer resources than another nation to produce a product, the nation is said to have a(n):A. Absolute advantage in the production of the productB. Comparative advantage in the production of the productC. Lower marginal rate of transformation for the productD. Lower opportunity cost of producing the product3. If a country exports the good that it can produce at a low opportunity cost and imports those goods that it would otherwise produce at a high opportunity cost, we say that such trade is based upon:A. Absolute advantageB. ArbitrageC. Labor productivity differencesD. Comparative advantage4. When a nation is in autarky and maximizes its living standard, its consumption and production points are:A. Above the production possibilities frontierB. Along the production possibilities frontierC. Beneath the production possibilities frontierD. Any of the above5. The theory that predicts that trade occurs because of differences in the availability of factor inputs across countries and the differences in the proportions in which the factor inputs are used in producing different products is called: A. The Stolper-Samuelson theory. B. Comparative advantage C. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory D. Absolute advantage6. Given the assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the opening of trade in a land-abundant country will cause the domestic price of wheat to: A. Fall B. RiseC. Be unaffectedD. At first rise but then fall back to its original level 7. When a large country imposes an import quota:A. World prices rise.B. World prices fall.C. Domestic prices fall.D. Domestic production falls.8. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem states that given certain assumptions and conditions:A. The real return to the factor used intensively in the import-competing industry will rise in the long-run.B. The real return to the factor used intensively in the export industry will fall in the long-run.C. The real return to the factor used in the rising price industry will rise in the long-run.D. The real return to the factor used intensively in the export industry will rise in the long-run.9. Referring to Figure 2.1, the relative cost of steel in terms of aluminum is: A. 4.0 tons B. 2.0 tons C. 0.5 tons D. 0.25 tons 10. According to the factor-price-equalization theorem, free trade equalizes:A. Product prices as well as the prices of individual factors of production between two countries.B. Product prices between two countries but not the prices of individual factors of production.院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线第 2 页 共 4 页C. Product prices between two countries and factor prices within each country but not between countries.D. Product prices and factor prices within each country but not between countries. 11. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:A. LaborB. LandC. Both labor and landD. Neither labor nor land 12. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:A. Expand the production possibilities frontierB. Improve the terms of tradeC. Contract the production possibilities frontierD. Worsen the terms of trade 13. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory? A. Calculators and computers B. Coal and crude oil C. Home movie cameras D. Office machinery14. When Wassily Leontief tested the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, he found that in 1947 the United States was exporting relatively labor-intensive goods and importing relatively capital-intensive goods. This finding:A. Contradicted the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as the United States was relatively capital-abundant.B. Contradicted the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as the United States was relatively labor-abundant.C. Was never duplicated by other studies and has thus been labeled a paradox.D. Fit the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory concerning the trading patterns of a capital-abundant country.15. The author of the Wealth of Nations was:A. David RicardoB. Paul SamuelsonC. Adam SmithD. Karl Marx16. Which of the following is the formula for a product’s intra -industry trade (IIT) share?A. 1 – |X - M |B. 1 - (X + M)C. 1 – [ |X - M | / (X + M)]D. 1 – [ |X + M | / (X - M)]17. Suppose that there are only two types of traded commodities: industrial products and primary products. Which of the following changes in global market conditions would be necessary in order for countries that export primary products to experience “immiserizing growth”?A. The global price of industrial products would have to rise.B. The global price of primary goods would have to fall relative to the global price of industrial goods.C. The supply of primary products would have to rise.D. The supply of industrial goods would have to fall.18. When company X doubled its output, it found that its cost per unit had fallen by 10%. We can therefore conclude:A. It enjoys external scale economies.B. It enjoys internal scale economies.C. Demand for its product is elastic.D. It has a comparative advantage in production.19. The United States and Canada produce trees using labor and land. Initially, Canada has fewer workers per acre than the United States. The countries share the same technology. Consider the effects of allowing labor to move freely between the two countries. Then the wage in Canada will _________.A. fallB. riseC. remains unchangedD. A or C.20. If a small country imposes a tariff on imported motorcycles, the world price of motorcycles will __________ and the domestic price of motorcycles will __________. A. Rise; rise B. Fall; rise C. Stay constant; rise D. Stay constant; fall 21. A non-tariff barrier operates by: A. Limiting the quantity of importsB. Increasing the cost of getting imports to market.C. Creating uncertainty about the conditions under which imports will be permitted.D. All of the above.22. When the value of a nation's exports exceeds the value of its imports, the nation is said to haveA. Trade dependencyB. Trade surplusC. Trade deficitD. Trade debit 23. With respect to forms of "regional economic integration": A. a "customs union" is more integrated than a "common market" B. a "free trade area" is more integrated than an "economic union" C. a common market is the most complete form of integrationD. customs unions do not permit free flow of factors of production across member country borders24. One of the reasons that protectionists and government officials may favor using a quota instead of a tariff is:A. Quotas generate more revenue for the government than do tariffs.B. A quota ensures that the quantity of imports is strictly limited.C. Quotas create less market distortions than do tariffs.院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线第 3 页 共 4 页D. Quotas give less power to politicians than do tariffs.25. In the last completed round of trade negotiation (the Uruguay Round), an agreement regarding the services trade was achieved. This agreement is _____________.A. GATTB. WTOC. GATSD. CATS二、判断题（T/F ）：（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1. Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage relied on the labor theory of value.2. In the two-country, two-good model, both countries can gain from trade as long as their relative advantages and disadvantages in producing different goods are different.3. While China’s exports are consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher -Ohlin theory, her imports are not.4. The value of foreign trade is the total amount of a nation’s foreign trade, i.e. the total amount of import and export (of goods) within a certain period. Then the value of international trade is the total value of foreign trade of all countries throughout the world.5. Net trade for a product is the value of the difference between exports and imports for that product.6. It is possible for a large country to be better off, worse off, or no better off/no worse off as a result of a tariff being imposed.7. More price supports and subsidies are provided to agriculture worldwide than any other sector of the economy.8. Strategic trade policy is a government policy whereby a subsidy is provided in order to help the domestic firm win a trade battle in an oligopolistic market. 9. FDI outflows have a positive impact on workers in the home country.10. Buyer’s cre dit refers to the credit provided by the buyer’s bank for promoting import of foreign products.三、计算分析题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1. The equation for the demand curve for writing paper in Belgium is Q D =350-(P/2) or P=700-2Q D . The equation for the supply curve for writing paper in Belgium is Q S =-200+5P or P=40+(Q S /5).a. What are the equilibrium price and quantity if there is no international trade?b. What are the equilibrium quantities for Belgium if the nation can trade freely with the rest of the world at a price of 120?c. What is the effect of the shift from no trade to free trade on Belgium consumer surplus? On Belgium producer surplus? What is the net national gain or loss for Belgium?2. Suppose that under free trade a final commodity F has a price of $ 20 and the price of the only input A to commodity F is $ 10. Now consider the following four situations where protective tariffs exist.(a) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F is 20%, and no tariff rate on input A. (b) Suppose that the tariff rates on both the final good F and the input A are both 20%. (c) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 30% respectively.(d) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 60% respectively.(1) Calculate the ERP for the domestic industry producing good F. (2) Interpret the meaning of this calculated ERP.四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. What is intra-industry trade? Is intra-industry trade consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory? Clearly explain why it is or is not consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin.2. What is the economic definition of dumping? If the importing country suspects dumping, what action can be taken?3. What is GSP? What are its principles?4. What factors should be considered in determining whether a firm should sell to foreign buyers by exporting from its home country or by setting up local production in the foreign country to produce the products that are sold to foreign consumers? When identifying these factors, clearly explain how and why they push the decision toward one or the other of the two available choices.五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. “Trade blocs are good for economic well-being and countries should try to join them.” Do you agree or disagree? Why? In your answer, discuss the role of trade creation and trade diversion. What other gains may arise in a country that chooses to join a trade bloc?系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷B答案1. a. With no international trade, equilibrium requires Q D=Q S. Setting the two equations equal to each other, we can find the equilibrium price with no trade: 350-(P/2)= -200+5P. The equilibrium no-trade price is P=100. Using one of the equations, we find that the no-trade quantity is 300. （3分）b. At a price of 120, Belgium’s quantity demanded is 290, and its quantity supplied is 400. With free trade Belgium exports 110 units. （3分）c. Belgian consumer surplus declines. With no trade it is a larger triangle below the demand curve and above the 100 price line. With free trade it is a smaller triangle below the demand curve and above the 120 price line. Belgian producer surplus increases. With no trade it is smaller triangle above the supply curve and below the 100 price line. With free trade it is a larger triangle above the supply curve and below the 120 price line. The net national gain from trade is the difference between the gain of producer surplus and the loss of consumer surplus. This gain is a triangle whose base is the quantity trade (110) and whose height is the change in price (120-100=20) so the total gain is 1100.（4分）2. (1) According to the formula ERP=[(t-a i t i)/(1-a i)]×100%, or ERP=[(V’-V)/V]×100%, we can get the following answers: (a) If the tariff rate on the final good F is 20%, and no tariff rate on input A, we have ERP=40%.（2分）(b) If the tariff rates on both the final good F and the input A are both 20%, we have ERP=20%.（2分）(c) If the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 30% respectively, we have ERP=10%.（2分）(d) If the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 60% respectively, we have ERP=-20%（2分）(2) If t>t i, ERP>t; If t=t i, ERP=t; If t<t i, ERP<t; If t i becomes extremely high, ERP will become negative.（2分）四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. Intra industry trade is a trade in which a country both exports and imports the same or a very similar product. Intra-industry trade is not generally consistent with the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory predicts that countries will export goods that extensively use their abundant resources and will import goods that extensively use their scarce resource. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory is suited to explain trade between developing and industrialized countries because they differ in their endowments of production resources. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory fails to explain why we observe so much trade among industrialized countries: 70% of the exports of industrialized countries go to other industrialized countries.（2分）2. Dumping is selling exports at a price below the normal value (or fair market value). （2分）There are two definitions of normal value. The traditional definition of normal value is the price charged in the home market. Dumping in this case means international price discrimination. （2分）The second definition of normal value is the average cost of production. Under this second definition dumping is selling goods abroad at a price below average production cost. （2分）If a country can show foreign producers dump into their market and injury results, the country can impose antidumping measures. （2分）3. GSP: is a system currently in place where a large number of DCs permit duty-free entry of a selected list of products if those products are imported from particular LDCs. （2分）(1) Generalized: Industrialized countries give this treatment to all the manufactured or semi-manufactured goods of LDCs.（2分）(2) Non-discriminatory: Industrialized countries give this treatment to all LDCs, without exception.（2分）(3) Non reciprocal: The LDCs do not reciprocate; they needn’t grant goods from developed nations similar special treatment. （2分）4. When transport costs and trade barriers are low, the MNE can use FDI to reduce total costs by locating different stages of overall production in different countries. For example design and development can be located in the home country while other stages of production can be located according to the country’s cost advantage. （4分）FDI and exports can sometimes be complements or substitutes depending on whether the foreign affiliates undertake the same kind of production as the parent firm. When transport costs and trade barriers are high, the choice would tilt toward FDI. Most studies, however, conclude that FDI is complementary to international trade as parts of the product line must be imported. （4分）五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. POSSIBLE RESPONSE: In general, the formation of trade blocs does not always lead to an improvement of economic welfare worldwide, or even within the country. （2分）On the one hand, the formation of trade blocs seems to imply a removal of trade barriers and thus a step toward free trade (trade creation). This is beneficial to consumers in the country as it leads to lower consumer prices, higher trade volumes, and higher consumer surplus. （3分）On the other hand, the formation of trade blocs might lead to shifting of imports to less efficient foreign producers who gain an advantage over more efficient producers in countries that are not members of the trade bloc. （2分）This shifting of imports is called trade diversion and creates a welfare loss for the member country. Whether or not a country gains from joining a trade bloc depends on the benefits from trade creation, the losses from trade diversion, and the possible gains from an array of other effects that may be difficult to quantify. Let us discuss in more detail these additional possible sources of benefits. （3分）First, an increase in competition can reduce prices. If before the formation of the bloc firms in the different countries had monopoly power in each national market, when national markets are joined in a bloc-wide market, firms must compete with each other. Prices are likely to move closer to marginal costs. （2分）Second, an increase in competition can lower costs of production. The increased level of competition increases the pressure on firms to implement new technologies and minimize costs. （2分）Third, firms can lower costs by expanding their scale of production. Before the formation of a bloc, each firm may have been limited to serving only its national market. If scale economies are substantial, the expansion of the firm in the bloc-wide market will lower its cost of production. （2分）第 4 页共4 页。

2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷A本试卷适用于。

试卷所需时间120分钟。

一、单项选择题：（共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）1. Which of the following says that any dollar of gain or loss will be equally valued, regardless of who experiences it?A.Consumer surplusB.Producer surplusC.ArbitrageD.One-dollar, one-vote metric2. Consider a typical two-country model. In the exporting country, consumers will be ______ and producers will be______ with the opening of international trade. A. Happy; happy B. Unhappy; happy C. Unhappy; unhappy D. Happy; unhappy3. The author of the Wealth of Nations was:A. David RicardoB. Paul SamuelsonC. Adam SmithD. Karl Marx4. The theory of comparative advantage was first presented by: A. Adam Smith B. Karl MarxC. David RicardoD. Eli Heckscher5. The theory that predicts that trade occurs because of differences in the availability of factor inputs across countries and the differences in the proportions in which the factor inputs are used in producing different products is called:A. The Stolper-Samuelson theoryB. The Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Comparative advantageD. Absolute advantage6. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem would predict that trade between the United States, a capital-abundant country, and Mexico, a labor-abundant country, should lead to:A. Higher wages in both countriesB. Lower wages in both countriesC. Higher wages in MexicoD. Lower wages in Mexico7. If the domestic country is labor abundant, which of the following groups will gain in the short-run, but lose in the long-run? A. Domestic landowners in the farming sectorB. Domestic landowners in the cloth-making sectorC. Foreign landowners in the farming sectorD. Foreign workers in the cloth-making sector 8. Immiserizing growth effect can occur when:A. A large country experiences a growth in the production of its export-oriented goods.B. There is a decline in the research and development investments in a large country.C. The terms of trade of a small country decline.D. The import-competing goods are overproduced in a large country.9. Which of the following is the value of the difference between exports and imports for a product? tradeB.Intra-industry tradeC.Product differentiationD.Returns to scale 10. China is a net importer of:A. Shoes and other footwearB. Scientific equipmentC. ToysD. Clothing and accessories11. The clustering of some industries, such as banking and finance in New York City and high-technology computer production in Silicon Valley, can be explained by: A. External scale economies. B. Monopolistic competition. C. Intra-industry trade. D. The demand for variety. 12. If a small country imposes a tariff on imported motorcycles, the world price of motorcycles will _____ and the domestic price of motorcycles will _____. A. Rise; rise B. Fall; riseC. Stay constant; riseD. Stay constant; fall13. If a country with monopsony (买方垄断) power imposes a tariff on imported farm equipment, the world price of farm equipment will: A. Fall B. Rise院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线C. Be unaffectedD. Become equal to the domestic price of farm equipment. 14. A nontariff barrier operates by: A. Limiting the quantity of imports.B. Increasing the cost of getting imports to market.C. Creating uncertainty about the conditions under which imports will be permitted.D. All of the above.15. One of the reasons that protectionists and government officials may favor using a quota instead of a tariff is:A. Quotas generate more revenue for the government than do tariffs.B. A quota ensures that the quantity of imports is strictly limited.C. Quotas create less market distortions than do tariffs.D. Quotas give less power to politicians than do tariffs.16. Which of the following subsidies is prohibited under WTO rules? A. Subsidies to research and development.B. Subsidies to assist disadvantaged regions within the exporting country.C. Subsidies that are used to assist firms in meeting environmental regulations.D. Subsidies that are used to encourage firms to export more.17. Which of the following allows member countries to import from other member countries freely, but imposes trade barriers against imports from outside countries? A. A trade embargo B. A trade bloc C. The most favored nation principle D. Trade creation 18. Which of the following features does a customs union have? I. Free trade among the members. II. Common external tariffs.III. Free movement of factors of production. IV. Harmonization of all economic policies.A. IB. I and IIC. I, II, and IIID. I, II, III, and IV19. Which of the following is a free-trade area that includes the United States, Mexico, and Canada?A. NAFTAB. MERCOSURC. EUD. ASEAN 20. When a large country imposes an import quota:A. World prices rise.B. World prices fall.C. Domestic prices fall.D. Domestic production falls.21. Which of the following countries provides government supports to its farmers? A. The United States B. JapanC. The European UnionD. All of the above22. Which of the following states that any trade concession given to any foreign country must be given to all other countries having the same status? A.A trade embargo B.A trade bloc C.The most favored nation principle D.Trade creation23. China’s policies towards FDI _____ inv estments that bring in advanced technology, _____investments that use old technologies and_____ investments in traditional Chinese crafts.A. Encourage; encourage; prohibitB. Discourage; encourage; encourageC. Encourage; discourage; prohibitD. Discourage; discourage; encourage24. ______ is the movement of people from one country to another country in which they plan to reside for some noticeable period of time.A. Domestic tradeB. International tradeC. Internal migrationD. International migration25. Which of the following has overseen the global rules of government policy toward international trade since 1995?A. World Trade OrganizationB. General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeC. International Monetary FundD. World Bank二、判断题（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1. The value of foreign trade is the total amount of a nation’s foreign trade, i.e. the total amount of import and export (of goods) within a certain period. Then the value of international trade is the total value of foreign trade of all countries throughout the world.2. While international trade will benefit both the importing and exporting country in a two-country world, the gains from trade in the exporting country will usually be greater than the gains from trade in the importing country.3. Free trade is a zero-sum activity. That is, one county always gains and the other always loses from free trade.： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线4. Mercantilists believe that when one country benefited from international trade it was at the expense of another country or countries.5. In the two-country, two-good model, both countries can gain from trade as long as their relative advantages and disadvantages in producing different goods are different.6. Factor-price equalization theory predicts that the price of labor and land within a country will equalize.7. In the short-run after trade opens, wages and land rents can be expected to rise in the expanding sector.8. It is possible for a large country to be better off, worse off, or no better off/no worse off as a result of a tariff being imposed.9. The use of a trade restriction by one country can cause other countries to retaliate, and may lead to a trade war in which all countries use high import barriers.10. Antidumping duties increase economic well-being in the United States by protecting import-competing firms.三、计算分析题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(1) For each product for Japan, calculate the IIT share.(2) Japan is an importer of large civilian aircraft. What economic theory or concept best explain s this aspect of Japan’s trade?2. Suppose that $80 of imported wool (input) goes into the domestic production of a suit(final commodity). Suppose also that the free trade price of the suit is $100, but thenation imposes a 10% nominal tariff on each imported suit. The price of suits to domestic consumers would be $110.(a) Suppose that no tariff is imposed on the imported wool. (b) Suppose that the tariff rate on the imported wool is 10%. (c) Suppose that the tariff rate on the imported wool is 12%. (d) Suppose that the tariff rate on the imported wool is 20%. (1) Calculate the ERP for the domestic suits industry. (2) Interpret the meaning of this calculated ERP.四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. “According to Ricardo’s analysis, a country exports any good whose production requires fewer labor hours per unit than the labor hours per unit needed to produce the good in the foreign country. That is, the country exports any good in which its labor productivity is higher than the labor productivity for this good in the foreign country.” Do you agree or disagree? Why?2. A free-trade equilibrium exists in which the United States exports machinery and imports clothing from the rest of the world. The goods are produced with two factors: capital and labor. The trade pattern is the one predicted by the H-O theory. An increase now occurs in the U.S. endowment of capital, its abundant factor.a. What is the effect on the shape and position of the U.S. production-possibility curve?b. What is the effect on the actual production quantities in the United States if the product price ratio is unchanged? Explain.3. What are the two official definitions of dumping? Under the Anti-Dumping Agreement, under what circumstances, WTO Members can impose anti-dumping measures?4. How are trade creation and trade diversion defined, and what roles do they play in the world gains and losses from a trade bloc?五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. A country currently prohibits any FDI into the country. Its government is considering liberalizing this policy. You have been hired as a consultant to a group of foreign firms that wants to see the policy loosed. They ask you to prepare a report on the major arguments for why the country should liberalize the policy. What will your report say?专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷A 答案二、判断题：（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）三、计算分析题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1. (1) Here is the calculation for perfumes: M X IIT --=||1=016.0|2422|1=--(2) The theory based on substantial scale economies, for the world, two firms produce large civilian aircraft. Boeing produces most of its aircraft in the U.S., and Airbus in Europe. It would be very difficult for a Japanese firm to achieve sufficient scale if it tried to enter into aircraft production. With no local production, Japan imports large civilian aircraft. （3分）2. (1) According to the formula ERP=[(t-a i t i )/(1-a i )]×100%, or ERP=[(V’-V)/V]×100%, we can get the following answers:(a) If t i =0%, we have ERP=50%（2分）；(b) If t i =10%, we have ERP=10% （2分）；(c) If t i =12%, we have ERP=2%（2分）；(d) If t i =20%, we have ERP=－30%（2分）(2) ①If t>t i , ERP>t; ②If t=t i , ERP=t; ③If t<t i , ERP<t ; ④If t i becomes extremely high, then ERP will become negative. （2分）四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. Disagree. This statement describes absolute advantage. It would imply that a country that has a higher labor productivity in all goods would export all goods and import nothing.（2分）Ricardo instead showed that mutually beneficial trade is based on comparative advantage —trading according to maximum relative advantage.（3分）The country will export those goods whose relative labor productivity (relative to the other country and relative to other goods) is high, and import those other goods whose relative labor productivity is low.（3分）2. a. The entire U.S. production-possibilities curve shifts out, with the outward shift relatively larger for t he good that is intensive in capital. If the U.S. trade pattern follows the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, then this good is machinery. Growth is biased toward machinery production. （4分）b. According to the Rybczynski theory, the quantity produced of machinery increases and the quantity produced of clothing decreases if the product price ratio is unchanged. The extra capital is employed in producing more machinery, and the machinery industry must also employ some extra labor to use with the extra capital. The extra labor is drawn from the clothing industry, so clothing production declines. （4分）3. One definition of dumping is selling an export at a price lower than the price charged to domestic buyers of the product within the exporting country. This definition emphasizes international price discrimination.(2分)The second definition is selling an export at a price that is lower than the full average cost of the product plus a reasonable profit margin.(2分)(1) Dumping is occurring;(1分) (2) The domestic industry producing the like product is suffering material injury or threat of material injury.(2分) (3) There is a causal link between the two.(1分)4. (1) Trade creation is the increase in total imports resulting from the formation of a trade bloc. Trade creation occurs because importing from the partner country lowers the price in the importing country, so that some high-cost domestic production is replaced by lower-priced imports from the partner, and because the lower price increased the total quantity demanded in the importing country. （2分）Trade diversion is the replacement of imports from lower-cost suppliers outside the trade bloc with higher-cost imports from the partner. It occurs because the outside suppliers remain hindered by tariffs, while there is no tariff on imports from the partner. （2分）(2) Trade creation creates a gain for the importing country and the world. Trade diversion creates a loss for the importing country and the world.（2分）The importing country and the world gain from the trade bloc if trade creation gains exceed trade diversion losses. （2分）五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. Key points that should be included in the report.(1) FDI brings new technologies into the country.（1分）(2) FDI brings new managerial practices into the country.（1分）(3) FDI brings marketing capabilities into the country. These can be used to better meet the needs of the local market. They may be particularly important in expanding the country’s exports by improving the international marketing of products produced by the multinational firms that begin production in the country.（3分）(4) FDI brings financial capital into the country, and expands the country’s ability to invest in domestic production capabilities.（2分）(5) The local affiliates of the multinationals raise labor skills by training local workers.（1分）(6) Technological spillover benefits accrue to the country as it hosts FDI, because some of themultinationals’ technology, managerial practices, and marketing capabilities spread to local firms as they learn about and imitate the multinational’s intangible assets. Taken together, these first six items serve to increas e the country’s supply-side capabilities for producing (and selling) goods and services.（3分）(7) In addition, the country’s government can gain tax revenues by taxing the profits of the local affiliates established by the foreign multinationals.（2分）。

广东外语外贸大学国际经济贸易学院《国际贸易实务》2009-2010学年第一学期期末考试试卷（A卷）考核对象：‘4+0’国贸084班‘4+0’国贸085班考试时间：2小时班级：_______ 学号：________ 姓名：_________ 成绩：________Ⅰ. Put T for true or F for false in the brackets at the end of each statement. ( 15% )1.（ F ）According to INCOTERMS 2000, if the seller exports ceramicsusing CIF term, he must insure the goods against All Risks plusRisk of Clash and Breakage.2.（ F ）According to INCOTERMS 2000, under CIF Liner TermsHamburg, the buyer must pay the discharging fees in the portof destination.3.（ F ）International customs and practice is the international standardwhich is of some guiding significance to international businessmen. So all the international business men should abide by theinternational customs and practice.4.（T ）When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within thestipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to theship-owner.5.（ F ）In order to avoid complications, we should try our best to usemuch more kinds of methods to stipulate the quality of thegoods.6.（ F ）According to CISG, if the package of the goods is not in acordancewith the terms and conditions of the contract, the buyer couldlodge claims, but he couldn’t reject the goods.7.（ F ）According to CISG, if the seller delivers a quantity of goodsgreater than that provided for in the contract, the buyer maytake delivery or refuse to take delivery of all the quantity(including the excess quantity and the contracted quantity).8.（ F ）A chinese company exports 1500 bags of cement using CIF termin the contract and has insured the goods against F.P.A. beforeshipment. However five bags fall into water when loading in theport of shipment. Because the five bags have not been onboard yet, the insurance company is not responsible for theloss of the five bags.9.（T ）According to UCP 600, if there isn’t any other stipulation, thetransshipment is allowed.10.（ F ）The clause of “ CIF London, New York or Tokyo, at buyer’soption” is reasonable and we could agree when exportinggoods.11.（T ）According to UCP 600, the L/C is independent of the underlyingtransactions.12.（ F ）According to CISG, the offeror can withdraw his offer, but he cannot revoke it no matter what happened.13.（ F ）The colletcing bank should promise to get the money from thebuyer under Collection.14.（T ）According to UCP 600, the beneficiary should present full setclean on board B/Ls if the L/C requires B/Ls with no specialterms and conditions.15.（ F ）Under Collection, the payer of the draft should be the buyer’sbank.Ⅱ. Please choose the best answer from the following choices of each question. ( 20% )1. An exporter in Guangzhou has agreed to sell goods to a company inNew York. The exporter is responsible for arranging transport but not insurance. Which of the following shipping terms is correct? ( )A. CIF New YorkB. FOB New YorkC. CFR New YorkD. FOB Guangzhou2. According to UCP 600, if there is no special description about the form ofthe L/C in it, then this L/C is ( )A. irrecovable and non-transferableB. recovable and transferableC. irrecovable and transferableD. recovable and non-transferable3. Which term means the minimum cost coverage by the seller? ( )A. EXWB. FCAC. FASD.FOB4. According to CISG, when sale by sample and there are not any otherdetailed stipulations in contract, the goods delivered by the seller should be ( )A. About same as the sampleB. same as the sampleC. different a little from sampleD. A, B, C are all right.5. A B/L acts as ( )A. a receipt of goods by the carrierB. an evidence of the contract of carriageC. a document of title for the goodsD. A, B, C are all right.6. Under D/A, the draft must be ( )A. sight draftB. time draftC. banker’s draftD. clean draft7. According to CISG, the offer can be submitted ( )A. in written formB. orallyC. in written form or be sent orally8. The shipping Mark usually doesn’t contain ( )A. the code name of shipper or consigneeB. number of packagesC. name of destinationD. chemical characteristics9. In the following payment terms, ( ) is the safest term to the seller.A. sight payment L/CB. D/P at sightC. Payment at 30 days after delivery of goodsD. Cash with order10. In the following statements about loading and discharging charges incharter party, ( ) is correct.A. F.I. means the shipper should unload the goods by himself.B. F.O. means the shipper should load the goods by himself.C. The time charter party shouldn’t stipulate terms about the se charges.D. The ship-owner isn’t responsible for these charges in tramp shipping.Ⅲ. Calculation ( 25% )1. A Company in Guangzhou quotes its exporting price, USD950 Per MetricTon FOB Guangzhou, to a German company. But the German company requires the exporter to offer CIF Hamburg price ( with the goods insured W.P.A. plus War Risk). If the freight from Guangzhou to Hamburg is USD180 Per Metric Ton, the insured amount is 110% of CIF value and the premium rate is 1.3% of W.P.A. plus War Risk.(1) Please calculate how much this exporting company should offer CIFHamburg price per Metric Ton with the same profit. ( 10% )(2) If the German company requires the exporter to offer CIFC5%Hamburg price ( with the goods insured W.P.A. plus War Risk).Please calculate how much this exporting company should offer CIFC5% Hamburg price per Metric Ton with the same profit. ( 5% ) 2. A company in Shanghai exports some garments to a foreign company.the total exporting amount is USD 70000 FOB Shanghai. If the domestic purchasing price of these garments is 450000 RMB. The domestic total charges (including all kinds of domestic fees and taxes) are 40000 RMB.And the export tax rebate is 3000 RMB. And the exchange rate is USD1:RMB7. Please calculate the rate of profit or loss of this export transaction. ( 10% )Ⅳ. Case Study (40%)A Chinese exporter exported 5000 sets electrical household appliances to an importer on the basis of USD 600 per set CFR Los Angeles. Both parties agreed to stipulate the following in the contract:“…… 40% payment by T/T in advance and 60% payment by D/P 90 days after sight.The buyer should remit the 40% of total value on or before September 30th, 2008.Shipment from Chinese port to Los Angeles, not later than Oct. 21st, 2008.Packed in wooden box fumigated more over 12 hours with H2S gas.Partial shipment and transshipment are prohibited. ……”After received buyer’s remittance money September 28th, the exporter shipped 3000 sets in Shanghai Port on Oct. 4th, 2008, then sent shipping advice on time to the importer and got one set of clean on board B/Ls. Then the exporter shipped the other 2000 sets on board the same vessel in Guangzhou Port on Oct. 8th, 2008, sent shipping advice on time to the importer and got other one set of clean on board B/Ls. And then the vessel began to sail to Los Angeles.1. Whether the seller has breached the contract provision of “Partialshipment and transshipment are prohibited” or not? Why? ( 5% )2. If during the transportation from Guangzhou to Los Angeles by sea, theship struck on a rock and got stranded. Therefore, the ship arrived atLos Angeles after a delay (latter about 20 days than usual time) andpart of goods have been damaged during transportation.According to INCOTERMS 2000, whether the importer has the right to make a claim against the seller because of transportationdelay? Why? ( 5% )3. If these appliances had been insured against W.P.A as per ChinaInsurance Clause before shipment. And if the Inspection Certificate states that: 1000 sets suffered losses at USD 30000 due to the above event; the other 4000 sets are in good conditions and quality. Whether the insurance company should compensate the damage or not? Why?( 6% )4. If the importer became bankrupt Nov. 2008, without paying money andtaking the collection documents, what should the collecting bank do?Was the collecting bank responsible for receiving and keeping goods?Why? What should the exporter do? Why? (10% )5. If the exporter entrust bank for D/P, but importer borrowed the full set ofdocuments from collecting bank with T/R before payment and later the importer became bankrupt, what should the exporter do? Why? (7% ) 6. If the payment term in the contract was changed to “40% payment byT/T in advance and 60% payment by L/C 90 days after sight” and the importer became bankrupt Nov. 2008, whether the exporter could receive payments on time provided that it had made complying presentation to issuing bank on time? Why? (7% )。

广东外语外贸大学国际经济贸易学院《国际贸易》2008—2009年第二学期期末考试试卷（A卷）07级电子商务专业使用时间：2小时班级姓名学号成绩I．Explain the following terms(5 for each, totally 20)1．Trade Creation2．Green Barriers3．Dumping4．Infant IndustryII．Please choose the correct answer (2 for each, totally 10)1. The NAFTA is an example of a ( )a. customs unionb. economic unionc. free trade aread. common market2. For the United States, automobiles are: ( )a. Imported, but not exportedb. Exported, but not importedc. Exported and importedd. Neither exported nor imported3. If Hong Kong and Taiwan had identical labor costs but were subject to increasing costs of production: ( )a. Trade would depend on differences in demand conditionsb. Trade would depend on economies of large-scale productionc. Trade would depend on the use of different currenciesd. There would be no basis for gainful trade4. Mercantilism ( )a. Is the philosophy of free international trade.b. Was a system of export promotion and barriers to imports practiced by governments.c. Was praised by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations.d. Both (a) and (c).5. The Common Agriculture Policy of European Union has: （）a. increased American farm exports to the EU.b. decreased American farm exports to the EUc. lowered the price of American farm exports to the EU.d. not affected the price of American farm exports to the EU.III．Drawing and description (10 for each, totally 20points)1.Draw a map and then explain the impact of tariff: thesmall country case2.Draw a map and then explain immiserizing growthIV．Calculation (10 for each, totally 20)1.Given the terms of trade information in the table below, answer the following questions:Export Price Index Import Price Index Nation 1990 2000 1990 2000 Mexico 100 220 100 200 Sweden 100 160 100 150 Spain 100 155 100 155 France 100 170 100 230 Denmark 100 120 100 125 (1) Which countries’ terms of trade improved between 1990 and 2000?(2) Which countries’ terms of trade worsened between 1990 and 2000?(3) Which country’s terms of trade did not change between 1990 and 2000?2. The following table is the production table of countryA and country B. Please answer the following questions. Country A CountryB Beer (million) 3 9Wine (million) 1 2(1) Indicate the commodity in which each country has a absolute advantage?(2) In autarky, what is the relative price of wine, in termsof beer in each country?请问中间需要逗号吗？(3) Indicate the commodity in which each country has acomparative advantage?V．Briefly answering the follow question(10 for each, totally 10. Please choose one of the follows)这题和下面一题的标题用卢老师那样的可能更好。

新世纪国际营销英语刘法公答案1、My brother is too shy. He _______ speaks in front of lots of people. [单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldom(正确答案)D. sometimes2、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime3、57．Next week will be Lisa's birthday. I will send her a birthday present ________ post. [单选题] *A．withB．forC．by(正确答案)D．in4、____ is standing at the corner of the street. [单选题] *A. A policeB. The policeC. PoliceD. A policeman(正确答案)5、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear6、Finally,I have _____ interesting to share with you,and I am sure you will be interested in it. [单选题] *A. everythingB. something(正确答案)C. nothingD. anything7、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation8、We will _______ Mary this Sunday. [单选题] *A. call on(正确答案)B. go onC. keep onD. carry on9、The plane arrived at London airport _______ Wednesday morning. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. atC. inD. for10、He has grown rich lately. [单选题] *A. 后来B. 以后C. 终于D. 最近(正确答案)11、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful12、I have seldom seen my father（）pleased with my progress as he is now. [单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. veryC. tooD. rather13、The teacher asked him to practice playing the piano _______. [单选题] *A. often as possibleB. as often possibleC. as possible oftenD. as often as possible(正确答案)14、( ) The Great Wall was listed by the UNESCO as ___ World Heritage Site. [单选题]*A. a(正确答案)B. theC.\D.an15、John had planned to leave but he decided to stay in the hotel for _____ two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. another(正确答案)C. the otherD. others16、A?pen _______ writing. [单选题] *A. is used toB. used toC. is used for(正确答案)D. used for17、Once you get on the road, here are some traffic _______ to remember. [单选题] *A. problemsB. positionsC. rules(正确答案)D. points18、Don’t play games on the computer all day. It’s ______ for your eyes. [单选题] *A. bad(正确答案)B. usefulC. helpfulD. thankful19、( ) Some students preferred to stay in the toilet ______ do morning exercises. [单选题] *A in order to notB in not order toC in order not to(正确答案)D not in order to20、Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A. fillB. fill in(正确答案)C. fill toD. fill with21、On Easter children _______ eggs around the house. [单选题] *A. hunt for(正确答案)B. send forC. prepare forD. ask for22、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told23、He has two sisters but I have not _____. [单选题] *A. noneB. someC. onesD. any(正确答案)24、Reading（）the lines, I dare say that the government are more worried than they admitted. [单选题] *A. behindB. between(正确答案)C. alongD. among25、We have made a _______ tour plan to Sydney. [单选题] *A. two dayB. two daysC. two-day(正确答案)D. two-days26、My sister _______ listen to music when she was doing her homework．[单选题] *A. used to(正确答案)B. use toC. is used toD. uses to27、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /28、The beautiful radio _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took29、28．The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] * A．EveryoneB．No one(正确答案)C．SomeoneD．Anyone30、_______, making some DIY things is fashionable. [单选题] *A. Stand outB. In ones opinionC. In my opinion(正确答案)D. Out of fashion。

高二英语国际贸易单选题40题1.International trade mainly involves the exchange of goods and services between different _____.A.countriesB.citiesC.townsD.villages答案：A。

本题主要考查国际贸易的主体。

国际贸易主要是不同国家之间的商品和服务交换，所以答案是countries。

cities（城市）、towns（城镇）和villages（村庄）通常不是国际贸易的主要主体。

2.One of the important factors in international trade is _____.A.priceB.quantityC.qualityD.color答案：C。

在国际贸易中，质量是一个重要因素。

价格（（price）、数量（（quantity）和颜色（（color）虽然也有影响，但质量往往是决定能否长期合作的关键。

3.International trade can bring many benefits, such as _____.A.increased productionB.lower pricesC.better quality productsD.all of the above答案：D。

国际贸易可以带来很多好处，包括增加生产、降低价格和提供更好质量的产品。

4.The term “tariff” in international trade refers to _____.A.a tax on imports or exportsB.a subsidy for exportsC.a bonus for importsD.a discount on exports答案：A。

“tariff”在国际贸易中指的是进出口关税。

补贴出口是subsidy for exports；进口奖金不是一个常见的国际贸易术语；出口折扣是discount on exports。

福建师范大学福清分校管理系市场营销专业09级《国际贸易实务双语》期末考试题（2011－2012学年度下学期）A卷座号姓名分)1国际贸易中最主要的运输方式是（A）。

A海洋运输B铁路运输C航空运输D邮包运输2我国出口到朝鲜的石油, 一般采用的运输方式是（C）。

A公路运输B河流运输C管道运输D铁路运输3下列不属于装运期的规定方法是（D）。

A明确规定具体装运期限B规定在收到信用证后若干天装运C笼统规定近期装运D规定在交货期若干天前装运4下列装运港和目的港的规定方法中, 叙述不正确的是（B）。

A一般只规定一个装运港和目的港B无需列明港口名称C可规定选择港D可酌情规定两个或两个以上的装运港和目的港5承运人收到托运货物, 但尚未装船时向托运人签发的提单是（C）。

A已装船提单B指示提单C备运提单D舱面提单6“W/M plus ad.val.”的含义是（D）。

A货物重量或尺码B货物重量加尺码C货物重量、尺码或价值中选较高的D货物重量或尺码中选较高的, 再加上从价运费7国际贸易中, 海运提单的签发日期是指（B）。

A货物开始装船的日期B货物全部装船完毕的日期C货物装船完毕船舶起航的日期8必须经过背书才能进行转让的是（C）。

A记名提单B不记名提单C指示提单9海运提单和航运提单两种运输单据（C）。

A都是物权凭证B都是可转让的物权凭证C前者是物权凭证可以转让, 后者不是物权凭证不可以转让10出口人完成装运后, 凭以向船公司换取已装船提单的单据是（B）。

A shipping orderB mate′s receiptC freight receipt(2).Translate Chinese to English 20%1.托运单Booking Note （B/N） 2 .装货单Shipping Order（S/O）3.收货单/大副收据Mate’s Receipt（M/R）4 .提单Bill of Lading（B/L）5.信用证号L/C No6.合同号S/C No7.定程租船Voyage charter 8.定期租船Time Charter9.光船租船Demise charter10.渗透定价法penetration pricing(3).Complete with English 10%1.Question:中国大米, 500公吨, 麻袋装, 以毛作净答案: China Rice in gunny bags of 500 m/t, gross for net.2 .Question:中国大米, 1000公吨, 卖方可溢装或短装5%答案: China Rice 1000 m/t, with 5% more or less at seller’s option.(4).Brief answer15%1.Question:Combined Certificate答案: When the goods are exported to Hong Kong, and some countries in Southeast Asia, the insurance company sometimes adds the coverage and insurance amount on the commercial invoice which is made out by a foreign trade company.This is a certificate which combines the invoice with the insurance policy.It is the simplest insurance certificate in use.当货物出口到香港和东南亚一些国家, 保险公司有时会增加这是由一家外贸公司的商业发票上的覆盖面和保险金额。

学院学年度第二学期期末考试卷 （Ａ）课程名称：国际贸易实务（双语）适用班级： 系别： 专业： 考试日期： 姓名： 班级： 学号：Ⅰ.Translate the following phrases into English or Chinese （本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）1. Quality Tolerance2.对等样品3. Non-Delivery4.付款交单5. Cargo in Bulk6.议付行7.Advanced B/L8.多式联运9.More or Less Clause 10.皮重11.Settlement12.商业发票13.Sale by Specification 14. 支票15.Confirmed L/CII. To explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested （本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）1、Trade Terms（please explain this phrase in English）2、品质公差3、General Average（please explain this phrase in English）：4、仲裁5、逾期接受III、Judge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F) （本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 151、交易磋商中的发盘都是由卖方提出的，因此卖方是发盘人。

2、The party who incurs a force majeure event may delay the performance of the contract if this party is able to continue the contract.3、依据《2010通则》的解释，DAT是所有贸易术语中，卖方承担风险责任费用最高的术语。

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeVI.T ranslate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be,it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization;the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country forgoods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale meansthe seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a part icular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thuscountries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction.Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionVIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited fromthe variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither in dividuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have eno ugh of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want.A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.。

广东工业大学测验试卷 ( A )国际贸易理论 课程名称: 试卷总分值 100分： 名 测验时间 :2021 年 7 月 5 日 ( 第 19 周 星期一 )姓 题 号一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 总分 评卷得分评卷签名复核得分线 复核签名 ：号学 Ⅰ.Translate the following into Chinese 〔5%〕.1．WTO ：2．OECD:3．TRIPS:4．VERs ：5. GNI ： 订Ⅱ.Make the best choice 〔15%〕.〔 〕1. is seen as a way to stimulate gains in economic efficiency by giving new private owners a powerful incentive —the reward of greater profits —to search for increases in productivity, to enter new markets, and to exit losing ones. ：业专A. deregulation C. privatizationB. creation of a legal system D. others 装〔 〕 first theory of international trade, , emerged in England in the mid-16th century. A. Comparative advantage theory C.H-O theory B. absolute advantage theory D. mercantilism 〔 〕3.In a , certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free market mechanisms while other sectors have significant state ownership and government planning. ：院A.Planed economyB. mixed economyD. central economy学 C. command economy 广东工业大学试卷用纸，共 7 页，第 1 页〔〕4.A local content requirement is a requirement that some specific fraction of a good be .A.produced domestically C. produced at homeB. produced in abroad D. produced globally〔〕5.A subsidy is aA.Personal paymentto a domestic producer.B. producer payment D. firm paymentC. government payment〔〕6. is based on tradition, precedent, and custom.B. common lawA. theocratic lawC. continent lawD. civil law〔〕7.Cooperation between management and labor can be achieved at a lower cost in a culture where the value system emphasizes .A. the virtue of brave C. the virtue of loyaltyB. the virtue of self-confident D. love〔〕8．refers to the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.A. mergeringB. acquiringC. greenfield investment〔〕9. To understand about an import tariff is who suffers and who gains, which is correct ？A.The government lose C. Consumers gainsB. Domestic producers gain D. Domestic producers lose〔〕10. Raymond Vernon initially proposed the product life-cycle theory in the mid-1960s.A. Comparative advantage C. product life-cycleB. H-O theoryD.new trade theory〔〕11．points out the importance of country factors such as domestic demand and domestic rivalry in explaining a nation ’dosminance in the production and export of particular products.A. SmithC. Heckscher-Ohlin B. RicardoD. Porter〔〕12．The WTO was founded in the year of广东工业大学试卷用纸，共7 页，第 2 页〔 〕13．Which is not the part of the WTO agreement ？sA. TRIPsD. NAFTA〔 〕14. Dumping is defined as selling goods in a foreign market atcosts of production or as selling goods in a foreign market at below theirvalue.their “A. upon C. equal B. belowD. others〔 〕15．The main tenet of mercantilism was that it w a s in a country’s best interests tomaintain a , to export more than it imported.B. trade gainsA. trade budget C. trade deficit D. trade surplus Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks 〔22.5%〕.1． The political, economic, and legal systems of a country can have a profound impact on the level of economic development and hence on the attractiveness of a country as a possible market or production location for a firm.2． Islamic Law is the most widely practiced theocratic law system in the modern world.3. In a pure market economy, all productive activities are privatelyowned , as opposed to being owned by the state. The goods and services that a country produces are not planned by anyone.4. Those who make this argument definr innovition broadly include not just new products but also new processes, new organizations, new management practices, and new strategies.5.In a market economy, any individual who has an innovative idea is free to try tomake money out of that idea by starting Ricardo ’tsheory of comparative business .advantage offers an explanation in terms of international differences in labor productivity.7.Paul Krugman developed what has come to be known as the newtrade 8.Michael Porter developed a theory referred to as the theory ofnational competitive advantage his 1776 landmark book The Wealth of Nations theory .., Adam Smith attacked the mercantilist assumption that trade is a zero-sum game. Smith argued that countries differ in their ability to produce goods efficiently.10. According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production ofgoods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these for goods produced by other countries.11. Economic of scale are a major source of cost reductions in many广东工业大学试卷用纸，共 7 页，第 3 页industries, from computer software to automobiles and from pharmaceuticals toaerospace.12. Trade policy uses seven main instruments: tariffs, subsidies, importquotas, voluntary export restraints, local content requirements, administrativepolicies, and antidumping duties.13.Subsidies take many forms, including cash grants, low-interestloans , tax breaks, and government equity participation in domestic firms.Policies are designed to punish foreign firms that engage indumping .15.A tariff is a tax levied on imports (or exports).Ⅳ. Please briefly define or explain the following 〔20%〕.1 parative Advantage：2.Intellectual property ：3 mand economy：：Ⅴ.Case Analysis〔17.5%〕.Starbuck's Foreign Direct InvestmentThirty years ago, Starbucks was a single store in Seattle's Pike Place Market selling premium roasted coffee. Today it is a global roaster and retailer of coffee with some 13000广东工业大学试卷用纸，共7 页，第 4 页stores, more than 3750 of which are to be found in 38 foreign countries. Starbucks Corporation set out on its current course in the 1980s when the company's director of marketing, Howard Schultz, came back from a trip to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience. Schultz, who later became CEO, persuaded the company's owners to experiment with the coffeehouse format-- and the Starbucks experience was born. The strategy was to sell the company's own premium roasted coffee and freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, along with a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other products, in a tastefully designed coffeehouse setting. The company also focused on providing superior customer service. Reasoning that motivated employees provide the best customer service, Starbucks' executives devoted a lot of attention to employee hiring and training programs and progressive compensation policies that gave even part-time employees stock option grants and medical benefits. The formula led to spectacular success in the United States, where Starbucks went from obscurity to one of the best-known brands in the country in a decade.In 1995, with 700 stores across the United States, Starbucks began exploring foreign opportunities. Its first target market was Japan. Although Starbucks had resisted a franchising strategy in North America, where its stores are company owned, Starbucks initially decided to license its format in Japan. However, the company also realized that a pure licensing agreement would not give it the control needed to ensure that the Japanese licenseesclosely followed Starbucks' successful formula. So the company established a joint venture with a local retailer, Sazaby Inc. Each company held a 50 percent stake in the venture, Starbucks Coffee of Japan. Starbucks initially invested $10 million in this venture, its first foreign direct investment. The Starbucks format was then licensed to the venture, which was charged with taking over responsibility for growing Starbucks' presence in Japan.To make sure the Japane搜索引擎优化perations replicated the "Starbucks experience" in NorthAmerica, Starbucks transferred some employees to the Japanese operation. The licensing agreement required all Japanese store managers and employees to attend training classes similar to those given to U.S. Employees. The agreement also required that stores adhere to the design parameters established in the United States. In 2001, the company introduced a广东工业大学试卷用纸，共7 页，第 5 页stock option plan for all Japanese employees, making it the first company in Japan to do so. Skeptics doubted that Starbucks would be able to replicate its North American success overseas,but by 2006 Starbucks had over 600 stores in Japan and planned to continue opening them at a brisk pace.After Japan, the company embarked on an aggressiveforeign investment program. In 1998, it purchased Seattle Coffee, a British coffee chain with 60 retail stores, for $84 million. An American couple, originally from Seattle, had started Seattle Coffee with the intention of establishing a Starbucks-like chain in Britain. In the late 1990s, Starbucks opened stores in China, Singapore, Thailand, New Zealand, South Korea, and Malaysia. In Asia, Starbucks' most common strategy was to license its format to a local operator in return for initial licensing fees and royalties on store revenues. As in Japan, Starbucks insisted on an intensive employee training program and strict specifications regarding the format and layout of the store. However, Starbucks became disenchanted with some of the straight licensing arrangementsand converted several into joint-venture arrangementsor wholly owned subsidiaries. In Thailand, for example, Starbucks initially entered into a licensing agreement with Coffee Partners, a local Thai company. Under the terms of the licensing agreemen，t Coffee Partners were required to open at least 20 Starbucks coffee stores in Thailand within five years. However, Coffee Partners found it difficult to raise funds from Thai banks to finance this expansion. In July 2000, Starbucks acquired Coffee Partners for about $12 million. Its goal was to gain tighter control over the expansion strategy in Thailand.By 2002, Starbucks was pursing an aggressiveexpansion in mainland Europe. As its first entry point, Starbucks chose Switzerland. Drawing on its experience in Asia, the company entered into a joint venture with a Swiss company, Bon Appetit Group, Switzerland's largest food service company. Bon Appetit was to hold a majority stake in the Swiss company using a similar agreementto those it had used successfully in Asia. This was followed by a joint venture in other countries. In early 2006, Starbucks announcedthat it believed there was the potential for up to 15000 stores outside of the United States, with major opportunities in China, which the company now views are the largest single market opportunity outside the United States.广东工业大学试卷用纸，共7 页，第 6 页●Question:A.According to the case of Starbucks，make a definition of FDI.B.When Starbucks began to expand overse？a sC.What is the form of FDI? And what form does Starbucks take ？Ⅵ. Translate the following into English〔20%〕.1．要理解进口关税，最重要的是搞大白谁受益谁受损。