《一课经济学》读后感--英文版
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2020年11月的开端,在家宅了一天,看完了《一课经济学》,简单分享,输出也是为了加深自己对书的内容的理解。
关键我们需要看清楚钱背后的东西。
本书主要用25课时的内容主要传达2个观点。
破窗理论及其各种伪装的破窗谬误;人为干预经济总是事与愿违,虽然出发点是好的。
一家商店好好的橱窗,被一个小孩打碎了。
老板要买块儿玻璃,把橱窗给补上。
这块玻璃两百块,老板损失了两百块很伤心。
这时候邻居就跑过来劝他,说别伤心了,虽然你损失了两百块,但你想想,如果你这玻璃永远不碎,那玻璃店老板不就饿死了?玻璃店老板赚了你这两百块,就可以去买面包、买衣服。
这样烤面包的师傅,做衣服的裁缝,他们也都有了生意,他们赚了钱,也要去消费。
所以你看,虽然修橱窗花了200块钱,但你推动了这么多的产业发展,这么多人都因为你受益了,所以不用太伤心,你这是好事呀。
乍一听,这似乎有点儿道理,但仔细想想,这肯定不对。
如果这个道理成立,那咱们所有人每天都去砸玻璃好了,这样经济就能不断发展。
这显然是不可能的,这是一个谬误。
那为什么这是一个谬误呢?咱们来分析分析。
商店老板是把两百块给了玻璃店老板,也的确是给玻璃店带来了一单生意。
但商店老板本来没准备把这两百块钱花在换玻璃上,他可能是准备去看一场电影,或者吃一顿火锅,现在两百块修了橱窗,就去不了电影院,吃不了火锅了。
所以说,这两百块,其实是从电影业、餐饮业转移到了玻璃业,也就是说,这只是转移了财富,并没有创造新的财富。
从这个故事里,我们能看得出来,破窗谬误的本质,是财富转移,而不是财富增长,说白了就是拆了东墙补西墙。
甚至可以理解成是强制性的财富转移,因为窗户打破了,你肯定要换新的嘛。
破窗谬误的案例有很多,但你只需要抓住“财富转移”这个核心特征,就能识别它们。
经济学研究的是事与愿违的规律。
过去人们总是以为,好人做好事,坏人做坏事,想要让整个社会变好,只要把坏人都消灭掉就行了。
比如,外国商品抢占本国市场,那就提高关税,把他们赶出去就好了;某个产业快不行了,政府出手帮一把,给补贴,控制价格,这样不就拯救了一个产业吗?劳动人民的收入非常低,生活非常贫困,好办,设定一个最低工资标准,让每个劳动人民都能赚到更多的钱。
《一课经济学》-精读目录Day 1 破橱窗效应&战祸之福№.1本书导读2008年留给国人的回忆,除了无与伦比的北京奥运会,或许还有从美国开始蔓延全球的次贷危机,这场发端于美国房地产行业的经济危机,最终影响到世界各国的经济,当然中国也未能幸免。
为了挽救当时经济增速急刹车的中国经济,政府推出了庞大的“四万亿”计划,以投资包括高铁在内的国内基础设施。
激进的“四万亿”计划在当时挽救了每况愈下的中国经济。
但如果我们今天来评价“四万亿”计划的话,或许对于该计划的效果要打一个问号:从中长期来看,它真的挽救了中国经济么?政府大规模的基础设施真的能挽救经济么?如果你心中尚存这样的疑问,那么写于上世纪40年代的《一课经济学》或许会提供另一个答案。
本书作者亨利·黑兹利特(Henry Hazlitt)是当时影响力颇大的自由意志主义哲学家、经济学家,曾担任华尔街日报、纽约时报等报刊的记者。
黑兹利特对于自由意志主义和客观主义的发展都有极大贡献。
除此以外,他资助了流亡到美国的路德维希·冯·米塞斯(20世纪著名的经济学大师、卓越的自由主义思想家),使他得以获得在纽约大学的教授职位;也让艾茵·兰德(俄裔美国哲学家、小说家,她的哲学理论和小说开创了客观主义哲学运动,代表作有《源泉》《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》)接触到自由市场的经济理论。
1997年,为了纪念他在经济领域的杰出贡献,成立了以他命名的基金会。
需要一再提醒的是,作者的很多经济学观点可能会与大多数人的认知相冲突,请你暂且抛弃自己固有的认知,来听听经济学家不同的声音。
当然,因为本书的写作年代较早,也有部分观点已经不符合当下经济发展的实际状况了。
№.2今日导读开宗明义,作者黑兹利特在第一章告诉我们,这本书的核心就是破解其他经济学家所犯下的谬误,并且指出了这些谬误的共性:忽略了政策对所有群体造成的影响。
而对于这些谬误的始作俑者,作者把他们叫作“坏的经济学家”。
《一课经济学》读书笔记及感悟连岳在推荐这本书时说:“今天下班途中,你打开这本书,堵的话,回到家,这书看完了。
这两个小时将是你人生收益率的高光点,以后,那些经济学骗子,无论何等他们顶着何等吓人的官衔,都骗不了你。
”本书的主旨也非常简单,如果让我用一句话概括,那就是:眼光放长远些,不要只看眼前。
用作者的话就是:在研究任何经济政策提案的效果时,不仅要考察提案带来的即时结果,也要探究现阶段结果;不仅要探讨其主要后果,也要探讨其次要过失;不仅要看其对某些特殊群体的影响,还要看其对所有人的影响。
守住这一原理,作者在书中提及的各种谬论便轻松被击破了。
《一课经济学》读书笔记1.“需求堵塞”谬论??战争时期庞大的需求“累积”或“滞塞”,会给战后的世界带来繁荣(1)首先,它把需要(need)和需求(demand)混为一谈。
必须并不等于需求。
有效的经济需求,光有需要还不够,还必须要有很相当的购买力才行。
“需求堵塞”谬论只讲出了一半的真相,战争造成的破坏的确毁坏给给某些产品的制造商带来了大量的商机,就像是总需求增加了。
部分原因是单位货币的购买力降低,但更主要的原因,还是需求从其他地方转向了这些的产品。
(2)那些认为毁坏战争造成的破坏能增加总体“需求”的人,还遗漏了一个基本事实:需求和供给就像一枚多枚硬币的两面,供给会创造需求,因为归根结底供给就是融资需求。
显然,生产力被烧毁多少,一般性购买力就摧毁会被摧毁多少。
(3)弃旧并不意味著就能迎新。
无论是个人还是政府,必须拥有资金提留,或者通过活期存款取得资本积累,才能实现厂房和设备的更新换代。
然而,战争却会摧毁累积下来的资本。
2.“政府投资信任”谬论??政府这支螺科榧,能包治所有经济弊病。
(1)我们必须认识到:政府所有的投资最后都必须靠纳税人来埋单;通货膨胀本身这种只是税收的一种表现形式,并且是极其有害物质的形式。
这里我们要强调的是这样一种基本上观点,那就是:政府明日或者最终要支出的每一块钱,都必须通过征税来挽回。
[1] 《一课经济学》,亨利·黑兹利特 著,蒲定东译,中信出版社出版横看成岭侧成峰——读《一课经济学》有感国际经济与贸易 王晓航 1411678“如果你只想看一本经济学的书,那应该就是这一本!”正是这句话让我对《一课经济学》这本书产生了兴趣。
读这本书的时候还是大一,恰好这本书通俗易懂,没有经济学概念的名词解释,也没有名字很长的专家学者的理论,有的是一个又一个基于案例的分析。
这本书的主旨可以归纳为:“整个经济学的研究可以简化为一堂课,这堂课又可以归纳成一句话:经济学的艺术,在于不仅要观察任何行为或政策的即期影响,更要考察比较长远的影响;不仅要关注政策对某个群体产生的影响,更要追踪对所有群体造成的影响。
”1下面是一些书中的观点:1.商店玻璃被砸碎,会给玻璃店带来生意,所以会刺激消费,对吗?错。
因为商店店主会把买西服的钱挪来补玻璃,反而抑制了消费。
这是“破窗谬论”,类似的谬论还有“战争促进经济”等。
2.政府进行桥梁、廉租房等公共建设投资,提供大量就业机会,为桥梁附近居民、廉租房使用者带来很多好处,所以应该鼓励,对吗?不全对。
政府的所有支出都需要通过税收来弥补。
所以,政府投资必须考虑工程的效益和必要性,不能为了拉动就业而投资,否则就是用全体纳税人的钱做了看似风光、实则低效的事。
3.政府去扶持个人或企业,比私人贷款公司的风险小,对吗?错。
因为政府拿纳税人的钱去投资,不会严格审核。
而私人贷款公司拿自己的钱投资,会谨慎得多。
4.机器导致失业,对吗?错。
机器可能在本行业引发部分失业,但机器提高效率,节约人力,产生的新价值将在其他行业产生更多就业机会。
5.政府通过各种方式增加就业机会,对吗?不全对。
有些方式是不可取的,比如过度细化分工(就是把一人的工作量拆成两人的岗位),或者把每周40小时工时减少为30小时。
这是对“充分就业”的盲目崇拜。
6.战后遣散军队、裁剪冗余公务员,容易引发社会动荡,对吗?错。
他们重新被社会吸纳的时间比我们想象的快得多,而且他们的就业、创业会创造更多的社会价值。
一课经济学读后感
《一课经济学》是一本由法国经济学家雅克·阿塔利创作的经济学畅销书。
这本书以深入浅出的方式,为读者揭示了经济学的一些基本原理和现实应用。
在阅读这本书的过程中,我收获颇丰,以下是我的读后感。
首先,这本书让我对经济学有了更深入的理解。
在我们的日常生活中,经济学的应用无处不在,如供需关系、价格机制、市场均衡等。
通过阅读《一课经济学》,我更加清晰地认识到这些经济学原理在我们日常生活中的体现。
同时,这本书也让我了解到经济学并非只是冷硬的数字和图表,而是与我们的生活息息相关,关乎每个人的切身利益。
其次,这本书让我对政策制定有了新的认识。
经济学不仅关乎个人的选择和利益,也关乎社会的公平和正义。
通过阅读《一课经济学》,我更加理解到政策制定背后的经济学逻辑。
政策制定者需要权衡各种因素,以实现社会整体利益的最大化。
同时,政策制定也需要考虑其对社会经济的影响,以及如何实现公平和可持续的发展。
此外,《一课经济学》也让我对未来充满了希望。
在经济全球化的大背景下,我们每个人都身处于这个经济系统中。
通过了解经济学的原理和应用,我们可以更好地把握未来的发展趋势,为自己的未来做出更好的规划和选择。
最后,我想说的是,《一课经济学》是一本非常值得一读的经济学入门书籍。
它以通俗易懂的方式介绍了经济学的基本原理和应用,让我们更加容易理解和接受。
同时,这本书也提醒我们,经济学并非只是冰冷的理论,而是与我们每个人的生活息息相关。
通过学习和理解经济学,我们可以更好地认识世界,更好地把握未来。
一课经济学一课经济学ECONOMICSINONELESSON亨利·黑兹利特HenryHazlitt新版序本书第一版于1946年推出,先后已有8种语言的翻译本,也出版了好些平装版本。
在1961年的平装本中,我加写了新的一章,探讨租金管制的问题(第一版中并没有将这个课题从一般的政府价格调控中单列出来),此外还更新了部分统计数字和参考资料。
在现在这个新版本之前,其他内容并没有改动,主要是我认为没有大改的必要。
本书是为了强调一般性的经济学原理,强调忽视这些原理会受到的惩罚,而不是去探讨特定政策法规对经济可能造成的危害。
本书虽然主要取材于美国经验,但作者所置疑的政府干预行为在各个国家都普遍存在,相信许多外国读者对于书中所论及的经验教训会有似曾相识之感。
时隔32年,该对本书进行大规模修订了。
除了全面更新案例和统计数字以外,我还重写了租金管制那一章(第18章)。
1961年版的内容还需要再扩充,因此,我加写了最后一章——“三十年后的这堂课”,以说明今天我们上这堂课比以往更为必要的原因。
亨利·黑兹利特于康涅狄格州,威尔顿镇1978年6月第一版序本书在于分析经济生活中盛行的谬论。
这些谬论目前还没有真正成为新的主流观点,其原因之一就在于这些谬论本身自相矛盾。
由于它们的自相矛盾,人们在接受相同前提的情况下,各取所需,以至于分化出百十种不同的“学派”。
这背后的道理在于,用错误的逻辑去描述现实生活,其论调绝不可能保持前后一致。
此学派和彼学派的不同点,只不过在于某一群人比另一群人更早看出错误的前提必然会带来荒谬的结论,他们要么在不知不觉中丢弃了错误的前提,要么选择接受了其中更为贴近现实生活的结论。
可惜的是,这些人仍然未能真正把握内在的逻辑。
当今主要国家的政府所实行的经济政策,无一例外都受到了经济谬论的深刻影响,甚至有的政策被那些盛行的经济谬论所左右。
所以剖析这些谬误,尤其是它们的核心观点,也许是领悟经济学的捷径。
1.这本书说明了这么一个小故事:有甲乙丙丁四个人是同学,甲是底层公务员,1个月赚5千,乙是国企员工,每月赚4千,丙是外企”小白领”,每月赚5千,丁在民企奋斗,每月赚3千。
因为经济指标下滑了,国家出了一个四万亿计划,据说能够带动18万亿的投资。
此时通货膨胀率只有3%,政府赤字不大。
两年过后4人聚会谈起收入,甲因为国家扩大内需涨了1千5,现在6千5/月;乙因为企业接手了国家工程,薪水也涨了1000;外企因为成本高,丙薪水没变化;丁则因为企业倒闭,只找了个2千/月的工作。
此时通货膨胀率10%,政府有巨额赤字。
甲乙丙丁都受到了四万亿的影响,甲受益最大,乙次之,丙和丁则是输家。
另外,公务员和国企员工的新增加量会远小于外企和民企员工的失业数目。
结论就是,通过让大量的丙和丁承担损失,给相对数量小的甲和乙利益。
这是一本60年前的书,而且到现在都有借鉴意义。
这本书字数不多,而且很容易读(2个小时内)。
但是这本书提出了很多经济谬误,而这些谬误在中国不仅存在而且还很流行。
比如四万亿的公共建设,首先这笔钱(不是财富)从哪里来?羊毛出在羊身上,我们可以分析一下,国家在减税,公务员涨工资会扩大内需,出口还是比较萎靡,赤字可以预计会飙升的,两位数的通货膨胀可期,所以这笔钱会通过通货膨胀变相地从老百姓那里取得。
通货膨胀,工资也会涨,就像本书所讲得,政府和国企会首先买到便宜的东西,然后物价才开始上涨,企业因为成本上涨而不得不跟着涨价,企业是利益输出者。
因为挤出效应,所以会有很多企业关门大吉的。
而且四万亿及其所引发的18万亿,一定会引起大量利益集团的抢夺,到时候会有很多人把实际情况搞混,大家都糊里糊涂的。
《一课经济学》读后感这是一本60年前的书,而且到现在都有借鉴意义。
这本书字数不多,而且很容易读。
这本书说明了这么一个小故事:有甲乙丙丁四个人是同学,甲是底层公务员,1个月赚5千,乙是国企员工,每月赚4千,丙是外企“小白领”,每月赚5千,丁在民企奋斗,每月赚3千。
因为经济指标下滑了,国家出了一个四万亿计划,据说能够带动18万亿的投资。
此时通货膨胀率只有3%,政府赤字不大。
两年过后4人聚会谈起收入,甲因为国家扩大内需涨了1千5,现在6千5/月;乙因为企业接手了国家工程,薪水也涨了1000;外企因为成本高,丙薪水没变化;丁则因为企业倒闭,只找了个2千/月的工作。
此时通货膨胀率10%,政府有巨额赤字。
甲乙丙丁都受到了四万亿的影响,甲受益最大,乙次之,丙和丁则是输家。
另外,公务员和国企员工的新增加量会远小于外企和民企员工的失业数目。
结论就是,通过让大量的丙和丁承担损失,给相对数量小的甲和乙利益但是这本书提出了很多经济谬误,而这些谬误在中国不仅存在而且还很流行。
比如四万亿的公共建设,首先这笔钱(不是财富)从哪里来?羊毛出在羊身上,我们可以分析一下,国家在减税,公务员涨工资会扩大内需,出口还是比较萎靡,赤字可以预计会飙升的,两位数的通货膨胀可期,所以这笔钱会通过通货膨胀变相地从老百姓那里取得。
通货膨胀,工资也会涨,就像本书所讲得,政府和国企会首先买到便宜的东西,然后物价才开始上涨,企业因为成本上涨而不得不跟着涨价,企业是利益输出者。
因为挤出效应,所以会有很多企业关门大吉的。
而且四万亿及其所引发的18万亿,一定会引起大量利益集团的抢夺,到时候会有很多人把实际情况搞混,大家都糊里糊涂的。
还有储蓄大量增加是经济萧条的后果,而不是萧条的原因。
国家鼓励消费,就把大众的目光从根本原因引到了储蓄上。
根本原因是经济结构的出口依赖性太强,而国内消费购买力强的人都是特殊利益团体的,大多数工人和农民总的购买力小得吓人,不信,看看汽车、住房和宾馆酒店都是谁买单的。
一课经济学读后感范文亨利赫兹利特(Henry Hazlitt)美国20世纪最重要的经济专栏作家,《福布斯》杂志总编辑斯蒂夫福布斯尊称他为“20世纪最杰出的经济新闻人”,当代“自由至上主义者”运动的重要参与者,奥地利经济学派的重要成员。
他曾供职于《华尔街日报》、《纽约邮报》,后来又为《纽约时报》撰写经济方面的文章。
1946~1966年,他在《新闻周刊》开设固定专栏,撰写经济学普及文章,引导数百万读者了解经济学基础知识,传播自由经济理念,影响力极为深远。
《一课经济学》是他的第一本重要著作,这本书1946年一出版即成为当时的畅销书,至今已被翻译成8种文字,在全球销量早已突破百万。
他一生勤于写作,撰写了18本专著和无数的评论文章。
其重要著作还有《道德的基础》、《凯恩斯经济学批判》等。
内容介绍:主要讲述本书是美国著名经济专栏作家亨利·黑兹利特专为社会大众撰写的经济学入门读物。
全书包括三大部分26章,以一堂课的形式,深入浅出地讨论了涉及现实社会经济生活的诸多问题。
例如公共建设工程、税收、政府信贷、就业与失业、关税、最低工资、进出口、价格体系、房租管制、工会、最低工资、利润、储蓄、通货膨胀等,以最简单的阐述方式,向读者逐次解读这些复杂的经济问题背后的真相、什么样的经济政策会造成什么样的结果。
同时,针对那些广为流传的经济理论或学说中存在的谬误,黑兹利特进行了毫不留情的揭露、批驳,从而帮助社会大众更了解经济世界运作的法则。
在描述一些观点的时候通俗易懂。
很适合0基础的人员,了解经济中的一些现象和行为。
本书的主旨可以概括为:在研究任何经济政策的影响时,不仅要考察提案的短期结果,也要看到长期影响;不仅要探讨最重要的后果,也要考虑次要的后果;不仅要看对特定人群的影响,也要看对所有人的影响。
精彩语句:1、如果他们能学会既看直接的结果又看间接的影响的话,那些原本可能产生而没有产生的东西便会呈现在他们的想象之中;2、乔治。
经济学读后感800字英语China's economy, one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and the biggest contributor to global growth, grew 9.9 percent year-on-year in the first three quarters of this year, according to official figures released on Monday,showing a trend of a slowdown amid the current global financial crisis.In the third quarter, the gross domestic product (GDP)growth rate slowed down to 9 percent, the lowest in five years,from 10.6 percent in the first quarter, 10.1 percent for the second quarter and 10.4 percent in the first half of 2008.China's economic growth has been on a steady decline since peaking in the second quarter of 2007. The slowing world economy pummeled by the global financial crisis and weaker demand for Chinese exports on international markets heavily weighted on the Chinese economy, according to Li Xiaochao, spokesperson for the National Bureau of Statistics.Another widely watched indicator, the consumer price index (CPI) -- an important measure of inflation -- rose 4.6 percent in September, over the same period last year.The figure, coupled with 7.1 percent in June, 6.3 percent in July, 4.9 percent in August and a nearly 12-year-high of 8.7 percent in February, shows the CPI in a downward spiral.Analysts mainly attribute the decline in the CPI to ample grain supply and lower-than-expected income growth of Chinese residents, as the housing and stock markets take heavy toll,which dented residents' desire to consume.Chinese stocks have shed nearly 70 percent of their value from the last year's peak at 6,124 points due to weak investor confidence.The stock market rose more than two percent on Monday amid expectation the government would unveil more measures to stimulate economy. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index gained 43.36 points to close at 1,974.01 points.Exports, one of the three major drivers of the Chinese economy along with investment and consumption, are taking hit from the global financial turmoil and economic slowdown. In the first three quarters exports grew 22.3 percent, 4.8 percent points lower than the same period last year.Fixed assets investment totaled 11.6246 trillion yuan ($1.66 trillion) in the first threequarters of 2008, up 27.0 percent over the same period last year, according to the bureau.The growth rate was 0.7 percentage points higher than the first half of this year, or 1.3 percentage points higher than the year-earlier level.Another key economic indicator, retail sales, increased by 22 percent year-on-year in the first three quarters and climbed 23.2 percent in September alone. Analysts say China would have to further stimulate domestic consumption in order to push the economy forward amid an export slump."China still has huge potential and leeway to expand domestic consumption," Li said.The combination of an economic slowdown and easing inflation may give rise to louder calls for loosening the monetary policy and adopting a more proactive fiscal policy.Analysts expect more monetary easing, building on two cuts in interest rates and banks' required reserves sincemid-September.The State Council said on Sunday China's economy can weather the effects of the global financial turmoil, but growth will decline as business profits and public revenues slow.In a statement at the end of an executive meeting presided by Premier Wen Jiabao, it said the global turmoil and economic instability will have a "gradual" effect on the country.It said China's economic growth will slow along with corporate profits and public revenues, and as capital markets continue to fluctuate."Unfavorable international factors and the serious natural disasters at home have not changed the basic growth situation of our country's economy," said the statement posted on a government website. "Our country's economic growth has the ability and vigor to resist risks."China must "adopt flexible and cautious macroeconomic policies" to maintain stable growth, the statement said.The State Council said that in the fourth quarter, China should focus on developing the rural economy, while striving to control inflation.I'm writing to tell you about a recent discussion our class have had on whether or not university students should be financially independent. 60% of the students think that university students don't have to be financially independent,because trying to make money will affect their studies. They also think that they can repay their parents in the future. 25%of my classmates hold the view that doing part-time jobs will help one gain work experience and learn more of society. Besides,when students find it hard to make money, they won't waste their money any longer. 15% of the students, including myself,partly agree with the opinions above. Personally I think that as grownups, we should not depend on our parents any more. However, if our parents can afford to pay the tuition for us,we should put our studies in the first place. Thank you for reading my letter Yours.。
一课经济学读后感《一课经济学》是美国著名经济专栏作家亨利·黑兹利特于1946年专为社会大众撰写的经济学入门读物。
本书以一堂课的形式,深入浅出地讨论了涉及现实社会经济生活的诸多问题,如公共建设工程、税收、政府信贷、就业与失业、关税、最低工资、进出口、价格体系、房租管制、工会、最低工资、利润、储蓄、通货膨胀等,以最简单的阐述方式,向读者逐次解读这些复杂的经济问题背后的真-相、什么样的经济政策会造成什么样的结果,帮助社会大众更了解经济世界运作的法则。
本书的主旨可以概括为:在研究任何经济政策提案的影响时,不仅要考察提案带来的立即结果,也要探究长期结果;不仅要探讨其首发后果,也要探讨次级后果;不仅要看其对某些特定群体的影响,还要看其对所有人的影响。
作者以“储蓄”问题举例,在19世纪中叶,罗德贝而图斯宣称资本家“必须将他们赚来的钱全部用于享受和奢靡”,因为“如果他们决定节省,商品将积压,部分工人将失业。
”亨利黑兹利特借用了经济学家巴斯夏所举的一个经典例子来抨击这一观点。
假设有两兄弟各继承了一笔财富,每年有5万美元的收益。
但是其中一人——哥哥挥金如土,大家都清楚地看到,正是他四处挥撒钞票,人们才有那么多工作可做。
相比之下,弟弟谨慎节俭,一年的花销在万美元左右。
在那些目光短浅的人看来,他提供的工作机会显然不到哥哥的一半。
且慢,弟弟把剩下的万美元存到银行,银行会借给企业用作周转金,或者拿去投资。
他的钱用于了间接投资。
他投入这些用途的金钱数额与他之前直接用于消费的数额一样多,都能使钱进入流通,创造就业机会。
12年后,哥哥破产了。
而弟弟由于投资收益不断增长,通过他的投资创造的就业机会不仅数量更多,而且那些工作待遇更加好,劳动生产率更高。
简单来说,弟弟增加了国家的生产能力,哥哥却没有。
作者最后总结到,现代世界的“储蓄”,只是支出的另一种形式,主要区别在于,哥哥花钱提供的就业机会,每个人都看得到,而要认清弟弟储蓄的钱所起到的同样的作用,则需要我们做进一步的观察和思考。
书中⾃有黄⾦屋系列4:读《⼀课经济学》摘要:如果⼀⽣中只需要读⼀本经济学著作,可能就是这本《⼀课经济学》了。
想在复杂的社会中做⼀个“明⽩⼈”,⼈⼈可能都需要学点经济学。
从破窗谬论到机器是否会导致⼤规模失业,价格、价值和供求关系三者构成的价值体系,再到政府管制租⾦对于经济和民⽣的影响,最低⼯资法是不是真正的帮助了穷⼈,再到最后是谁偷⾛了我的钱包?是通货膨胀。
相⽐于那些复杂难懂的经济学公式,这本书通过⼀个个⽣动的例⼦帮助我们更好的理解这些经济学知识,帮助我们逃离⽆知⽽不⾃知的状态。
⽬录01 ⼈⼈都需要学点经济学02 破窗谬论03 ⽆⼈机会消灭快递员岗位么04 是不是应该⿎励充分就业05 ⿎励出⼝,抑制进⼝,我们就会越来越富啦06 价值体系怎么运作的07 政府管制租房是对是错08 最低⼯资法是不是真的帮助到了穷⼈09 谁偷⾛了我的钱?通货膨胀01 ⼈⼈都需要学点经济学很多⼩伙伴会有疑问,我们⼜不是学经济的,为啥要学点经济学知识呢?这是因为经济学并不仅仅单纯的研究钱,还是研究陌⽣⼈之间协作规律的⼀门学科。
但凡⽣活在这个由众多陌⽣⼈形成的复杂社会,我们都难免和陌⽣⼈打交道。
现实情况下我们更多的是通过直觉去看世界和理解世界,如果仅靠直觉那么很容易陷⼊⽆知⽽不⾃知的状态。
⽽经济学中理性的思维⽅式能帮助我们逃离这种⽆知⽽不⾃知的状态。
通过经济学智慧,让我们在复杂的社会做⼀个“明⽩⼈”,这就是为什么要学点经济学知识的原因。
有些⼩伙伴可能不服了,凭啥说我⽆知⽽不⾃知了?那么来⼏个简单的观点,新的机器会抢⾛就业?⿎励出⼝,抑制进⼝我们的国家就会变得更加富裕?制定最低⼯资标准能够保护穷⼈的利益?通过直觉,我们可能认为这是对的,但是如果想真正看清事物背后,我们可能需要学点经济学知识了。
北⼤经济学教授薛兆丰说过:改变世界不是经济学所长,但改变世界观是经济学的强项。
拥有正确、理智的世界观是我们⽴⾜于当前社会重中之重。
02 破窗谬论我们先来看⼀个⼩故事从⽽引出破窗理论。
第一本经济学的读后感
《第一本经济学》是英国经济学家Adam Smith在1776年出版的一部著作,它可以说是市场经济的开创性的著作。
书中提出了许多重要的理论,把政府的作用限制在教育、研究、培养以及帮助弱者等几个方面,这对后来市场经济的发展起到了重要的作用。
阅读这本书让我对当时市场经济的独特之处有了更深刻的理解,Smith十分重视个人利益,他认为个人追求自己的利益也就是
自由探索获得最大回报,而这正是市场经济发展的前提,只有通过自由市场活动,才能让社会财富大量增长。
Smith的另一个重要观点是“劳动价值论”,它强调的是劳动对
于产品价值的影响,即价值不是由劳动者自身决定,而是要根据劳动者的技能水平、市场环境等因素决定。
Smith的另一个著名的理论是“利润-投资”理论,它指出,价格
由利润水平和风险所决定,价格和利润是一种紧密分不开的结构,而投资是市场经济繁荣的根本因素。
总体而言,《第一本经济学》对市场经济发展起到了重大的影响,它的思想也在发挥着重要的作用,影响了我的学习和思考,让我认识到,只有自由自由的市场以及企业和个人尊重利益才能让经济发展更快更健康。
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读一本经读后感(中英文实用版)英文文档:Title: Reflections on Reading a Classic TextThe journey of reading a classic text is akin to embarking on an epic adventure, filled with profound insights and unexpected discoveries.As I delved into the pages of this timeless masterpiece, I found myself transported to a different era, immersed in the rich tapestry of its narrative.The narrative, with its intricate plot and vibrant characters, came alive,仿佛在我面前展开一幅幅生动的画面。
每一个情节都让我深入其中,感受到其中所蕴含的智慧和情感。
The author"s words were like a mirror, reflecting the deepest aspects of human nature,揭示了我们内心深处的善恶与挣扎。
As I reflected on the themes explored within the text, I couldn"t help but draw parallels to my own life.The struggles faced by the characters mirrored my own challenges, and their triumphs inspired me to persevere.The insights gained from their experiences became valuable lessons that I could apply to my own journey.Moreover, the language used in the text was both poetic and powerful, captivating my imagination and stimulating my thoughts.每一个词句都仿佛经过精心挑选,蕴含着深远的意义。
学金融英语感想Ten days' banking training is fleeting, leaving us here to listen quietly to the teachings of our predecessors, leaving us with the truest and brightest smiles. Looking back, there are not many opportunities to get together like this. We are about to go to work in a mighty way to meet new challenges with a brand-new mental outlook. We are scared in our hearts, but full of joy and expectation.If someone asks me, what impressed you the most during the training? I want to say, it is the power of example. Every trainer who teaches for us is deeply influenced by their principles, work experience and experience. They are knowledgeable, experienced, humble and courteous, diligent and conscientious, and their meticulous care and service spirit are deeply moving. Thanks to the teachers of the training class for their sincere and warm efforts and brand-new spiritual baptism.If someone asks me, what is your biggest gain during the training? What I want to say is that it has realized the change of mentality from students in J in g j in g campus to professionals. Here, we have learned about the development history, basic situation, business module, risk management, document specification, service etiquette, salary managementsystem, personnel training and promotion system of banks. Through systematic study, the students made clear their career development direction, planned their life blueprint and were full of ambitions."Violation is risk, safety is benefit, and compliance creates value …", the concept of legal compliance has been deeply rooted in people's hearts, and the banking industry is a high-risk industry. Driven by the wave of financial innovation, the financial industry has gradually developed into a bank that mainly provides risk transfer strategies. In a sense, commercial banks are financial institutions with "operational risks" as their fundamental means of profit. A sound risk management system can create added value for commercial banks and gain profit opportunities in the market, which is the core competitiveness of modern commercial banks. Risks exist in every business link of commercial banks, and comprehensive risk management is reflected in the habitual behavior of every employee. Therefore, as a bank employee, we should always have the awareness and consciousness of risk management, take the initiative to prevent potential risk factors in our work, and at the same time, pay attention to protect ourselves.During the training period, every day's itinerary is arranged very richly, and various activities such as class study, sports competition, speech contest, rehearsal of cultural performances, etc. provide a stage for new students to show themselves. In particular, the rehearsal of the literary performance deepened the mutual understanding of the students, and we wantonly shed the sweat of youth and bloomed the most dazzling youth.Finally, I would like to share the following with my colleagues:Knowing is not difficult, but doing is difficult, difficult to know and easy to do, knowing and doing is one, doing what I believe, believing what I do.。
一课经济学读书笔记(英文版)The main theories of “Economics In One Lesson”1.Broken windows theory is wrong. The window broken although rise income of glass industry, while the funds for other usage disappear with windows broken, so it is not the right way to adjust economy.2.War bring fortune theory is wrong. War cause economy vacant, vacant although easily filled by new construction, but it cost many source and environment sacrifice. and source is not all the time ready for destroy.3.Public investment create employment theory is wrong. When government create employment for some people, they collect tax from factory, and factory have to give up some employment to adjust this policy.4.Tax restrain production. Two high tax bring interest of economy body down, and when the factory run in red ink, the tax do no effort to this factory.ernment credit do no good to capital market, while it disturb credit market into disorder.6.Engine cause employment decline. When engine replace worker in some industry, it create more employment for modern workers.7.Exporting enthusiasm block the economy development, the final aims of exporting is for its importing, no matter any countries.ernment Save any industry is wrong, industry if don’t understand innovation and try new technology or developing new products, it will retreat from market, sooner or later.9.The way of Government control price is wrong. Any industry have its fast developing period, its products price maybe higher than normal, while they also meet puzzle in low price, if government control price, the price may be away from market control.Real economy always come from Life.After reading of “Economics In One Lesson”, we found economy really not faraway from us, it approach us and help us make decision in our business and arrange life. Hazlitt list many instance to prove his theories. If we analyze life and economy , we found economy really derive from life and serve for human life, we can research current national policy and international with economy theory, we always find there are more or less relationship between the two conception. if giving up life needing or demands, to talk economy, it will be really no sense. So economist who serve for partial interest party and pass over overall interest of every party will be proved wrong on front of real economist, and else economist only pay attention to current effect of economy adjusting policy while ignore long term analysis, will confuse people who believe their theories, The reality which let Hazlitt worry is that bad economists are in strong supporting by their interest party, and let their theories frequently appear in magazine and paper, so public easily received their theories, and not all people know economy well, so for a long time, the bad economic theories occupy public thinking.Hazlitt let us know economy from deeper level, and penetrate the surface phenomenon, explore the intrinsic understanding of economy.Indeed, every theories including scientific theories and philosophical theories and economic theories all come from life, any theories away from life will be proved wrong sooner or later, and from life, thinking life and make life join with economy, come up with actual theories, what we get must be real economy.Real economy must be in accordance with needing or demands of all people.A ny theories should serve for all the people, economy covers two branches, macro-economics and micro-economics, the micro-economics mainly study the action, motivation, price and profit of customers. From view of micro-economics, since economy study features of economy from all the people, so it should be on half of all people’s thinking and idea, other than partial richer level’s interest. Just as what Adam Smith said “let an invisible hand adjust economy”, it must have a premise that the hand is fair and equitable. It should be on behalf of each level and each fields, the article of Hazlitt reveal the illusion of some false economic view, and ascend to mainstream economic theories, it also be proved false. The false economic theories onbehalf of privileged levels always mislead public into believing their theories, because the policy making and measurement to adjust economy should be in two functions, one is for privileged levels’interest serving, and another function is for appeasing public, based on this situation, if urgent policy and measurement for economy must be made in short period, and this urgent policy and measurement can not be accepted by public, so in this case, the false theories come out, also the bad economist emerge. The real economist born for correcting the false views of bad economist, and with their efforts to let public economy not too far away from them, and complex and high-brow theories is false, real economy always accompany with them.Real economy must be true in the long future.In last paragraph, we talk about economy from micro-economics, and from macro-economics view, we found that policy have tight connection with economy, and nations which present their policy nearly all be for their economic plan in peacetime, so we have reason to believe that government pay much attention to their economy, it named macro-economics.Some nations make economic policy frequently, and some nations only make few economic policy, the former we name it as economy fine-turning, and the latter we name it as flat-turning, in the article of “Economics In One Lesson” ,Hazlitt told us both fine-turning and flat-turning not suitable for economy adjustment, because fine-turning forget future effect, and flat-turning ignore urgent demands of adjustment.But to most nations, frequent adjustment of economy is normality, they make economy plan regardless of future development. This attitude to economy is inadvisable. The myopia of economy will disturb the economic stability in the future. So the real economy ask for policy should both take fine-turning and flat-turning into consideration. And it should be proved correct not only now but also in long future.SummarizeEconomy is an action that approach life and be friend of each person, Realeconomy have two features, firstly, the real economy should serve for each levels in society, other than only for privileged levels. Secondly, real economy should serve for future theories system, should make its theories durable, other than always be in adjusting status.。