2011年4月全国自考《英语语法》试题和答案[1]

2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷Vocabulary and Structure(10points 1 point each)Ⅰ从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.You may use bike provided you give it back to me tomorrow morning.A. unlessB. providedC. thoughD. because2.He could not hold back his tears on hearing that he was not admitted to the universityA. hold upB. hold backC. get overD. get through3.Good parents have the ability to communicate messages of love, trust, and self-worth with their childrenA. onB. forC. withD. to4.The teacher required that all errors should be eliminated eliminated before the students turn in their term paper.A. deportedB. eliminatedC. deprivedD. implemented5.A person is lucky if his career coinciders with his interest and hobby.A. concernsB. competesC. coincidersD. compares6.Out sleep influences our mood. our mood, in return affects our performance.A. in returnB. in vainC. in shortD. in turn7.It was considerate of you not to disturb us while we were sleeping.A. considerateB. consideringC. considerableD. considered8.I'd appreciate it very much if you could make some remarks on my recent article at the conference.A. requestsB. referencesC. remarksD. restrictions9.He is so absorbed in his own thoughts that he seems unaware of what's going on in the room.A. soB. eachC. veryD. much10.No sooner had I reached had I reached home than Michael arrived with Jane in his car.A. did I reachB.I had reachedC. had I reachedD.I reachedⅡ.Cloze Test(10point,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。

全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYComplete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)1. The idea of traveling through _________ space to other planets interests many people today.A. aB. theC. /D. one2. I'd get the book for you _________ I could remember who last borrowed it.A. only ifB. if onlyC. except thatD. in case that3. We had to get him to the hospital right away. Otherwise, it _________ too late.A. isB. will beC. wasD. would be4. I think your sister should know _________ to spend her money on fancy goods.A. other thanB. rather thanC. better thanD. more than5. If negotiations for the new trade agreement take _________ , serious food shortage will develop in several countries.A. too much longerB. the longestC. much too longD. the longer6. He was a man of ready advice. He _________ advise anyone on anything on the spur of the moment.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might7. I didn't go to his party last night, because _________ I changed my mind.A. on a second thoughtB. on the second thoughtC. on second thoughtsD. on the second thoughts8. _________ we do, it must conform to the interests of the people.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第1页（共11页）A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WheneverD. Wherever9. We must make young smokers realize the harm of cigarettes to their health and help them_________ smoking.A. ridB. leaveC. quitD. cancel10. You can do what you like, but I do not want you to be_________.A. on the wayB. along the wayC. by the wayD. in the way11. It is hard to act according to the _________ which you don't believe in.A. principlesB. judgementsC. proceduresD. attitudes12. John was _________ leaking information to a foreign company.A. suspected ofB. suspicious ofC. doubted aboutD. doubtful about13. The _________ physicist has been challenged by his colleagues.A. respectingB. respectfulC. respectiveD. respected14. Newly woven baskets of this kind often _________ a strange smell.A. give awayB. give overC. give offD. give up15. I'm rather confused; would you please _________ your proposal to me again?A. exposeB. expandC. explainD. exploreII. CLOZEFill in each of the 15 blanks in the passage with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)Most living things undergo two types of biological change during their lifetime. One is 16 , an increase in the size or efficiency of an organism. The other is aging, which involves a decrease in size or efficiency.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第2页（共11页）Signs of aging begin to 17 in most people between the age of 30 and40. Heredity determines most of the ways a person changes while aging, but environment also 18 . Graying hair is probably the most common sign of aging. All the senses decline with age. For example, the eyes lose their ability to adapt 19 darkness, and they require brighter light for reading.Movement becomes harder with age. By age 80, about half the muscle cells have been replaced by other kinds of tissue. In women 20 , bones lose calcium and become more likely to 21 . As a person ages, the body's ability to combat infection declines. This change occurs because the white blood cells of 22 is called the body's immune system lose their 23 function.Many people believe that with advancing age, an individual loses the ability to learn, remember, and make decisions. But 24 disease or injury damages the brain, a healthy elderly person who 25 active probably suffers no serious decline in 26 ability.No one completely understands the aging process. Some scientists 27 that human aging will ever be controlled. Others believe that aging can be 28 . Usually, normal human cells can be kept 29 in a laboratory for only a limited time. But 30 cells, such as various kinds of cancer cells, can live for a long time. If scientists can determine how such cells survive, they may gain an insight into the process of cell aging.16. A. to grow B. growth C. to be born D. birth17. A. take place B. get worse C. appear D. drop18. A. plays a role B. leads a way C. makes a decision D. offers a chance19. A. in B. with C. for D. to20. A. especially B. specially C. exceptionally D. specifically21. A. split B. hurt C. crack D. break22. A. which B. what C. that D. it23. A. protective B. productive C. selective D. detective24. A. till B. if C. besides D. unless25. A. extends B. expands C. remains D. maintains26. A. mental B. physical C. visual D. social27. A. suspect B. fear C. doubt D. regret28. A. suppressed B. mastered C. ignored D. conquered29. A. lively B. alive C. living D. life浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第3页（共11页）30. A. inhuman B. irregular C. abnormal D. unusualⅢ. PARAPHRASINGChoose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all)31. Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters.A. Sometimes I feel happy that I was taught what is important at school.B. Sometimes I feel sorry that I didn't learn what is important at school.C. At times I feel resentful that I was not taught anything useful at school.D. At times I feel I should be thankful for those things I learned at school.32. In the way they all glared I could see how they'd come to hate my guts.A. I could see from their angry look that they disliked me very much.B. I could see from their quick look that they were impatient with me.C. I could see from their steady look that they were very curious about me.D. I could see from their confused look that they were shocked at my words.33. Only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip back home to bring one back to reality.A. A trip back home can help one remember his / her heritage.B. A trip back home can help one understand what life really is abroad.C. A trip back home can make one realize that home is the best place.D. A trip back home can make one realize the difficulties and problems there.34. You painters are a heartless lot.A. You painters are people with no mercy.B. You painters are people with no emotions.C. You painters are people unable to love anybody.D. You painters are people unable to understand others.35. Seeing me having a good time in repose, she was powerless to hide her disgust.A....she was unable to keep calm.B.... she was hopeless in self control.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第4页（共11页）C.... she couldn't help feeling powerless.D....she couldn't suppress her disapproval.36. The small hours found Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay outside under the moon.A. Towards morning, Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay walked outside to stay in the moonlight.B. Before midnight, people found Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay looking at the moon outside.C. After midnight, Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay were outdoors, with the moon above them.D. Late at night, Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay went outside to appreciate the beautifulmoonlight.37. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.A. I never do anything which is not good for health,...B. Whatever is good for health never comes to my mind,...C. I never do anything because it is said to be good for health,...D. Whatever I do is always decided by whether it is good for health,...38. There is a great deal to be said for the suburb.A. The suburb is much talked about.B. The suburb has a considerable advantage.C. It is a great deal better to live in the suburb than in the city.D. It is a great deal easier to talk about the suburb than to live there.39. Meeting after a long interval, friends are like a couple who began to dance again when the orchestra strikes up after a pause.A....their friendship will continue where it is left off.B....their friendship will turn into a romantic relationship.C. ... friends behave in a way as if they were dancing partners.D. ... friends become closer to each other as if they were a happy couple.40. I decided to give her a treat.A. I decided to treat her kindly.B. I decided to give her a day off.C. I decided to offer her some medical care.D. I decided to buy her something she liked.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第5页（共11页）IV. READING COMPREHENSIONRead the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (2 points each, 20 points in all)Passage 1A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may believe that he is not capable of accomplishing something even though there is no reason for it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make use of the most of his mental abilities, or he may accept another person's mistaken estimate of his ability. People advanced in years may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age.A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be futile. He won't go at a job (尽全力工作) with the confidence necessary for success, and he won't work hard, even though he may think he is doing so. He is, therefore, likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence.Alfred Adler, a famous psychiatrist (精神病医生) , had an experience that illustrates this. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic (算术) . His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents what she thought so that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they, too, developed the idea, "Isn't it too bad that Alfred can't do arithmetic?" He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and ended up very poor at arithmetic, just as was expected.One day, however, he became very angry at the teacher and other students because they laughed when he said he knew how to do a problem, which none of the other students had been able to work out.Alfred succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea that he couldn't do arithmetic and was determined to show others that he could. His anger and his newly found confidence stimulated him to be at arithmetic problems with a new vigor. He worked with interest, determination, and purpose. Before long he became extraordinarily good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he could do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with all his heart he may astonish himself as well as others with his ability.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第6页（共11页）This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have. Lack of success is as often the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply one's ability, lack of confidence, and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability.41. The word "futile" in Paragraph 2 probably means________.A. unnecessaryB. uselessC. unimportantD. aimless42. Both Alfred's teacher and his parents thought Alfred________.A. had no confidence in himselfB. was lazy in studyC. had no interest in arithmeticD. was slow in arithmetic43. Why did Alfred become angry one day?A. Because he couldn't work out the arithmetic problem.B. Because the teacher didn't show him the arithmetic problem.C. Because he was challenged to solve a difficult arithmetic problem.D. Because no one believed that he could solve the arithmetic problem.44. According to the passage, a person is likely to fail if________.A. he doesn't work hardB. he is too old to learn anythingC. he doesn't have enough knowledgeD. he has accepted a mistaken belief of his ability45. What does Alfred Adler's story tell us?A. Our failures are often caused by our lack of ability.B. Arithmetic is actually not as hard as it seems to be.C. Some teachers expect too much from their students.D. Our self-judgement may have a negative effect on our success.Passage 2When the French Institute in Haiti (海地) asked me to speak on a subject of my own choice, I picked heroism. It's a subject I know well. I've read many books about it.I spoke of some well-known heroes. I suggested that I was something of a hero myself. Then I told how the hero, in the face of danger, discovers all the great, lasting values of life.When I left the platform, a gentleman came to me. "Great lecture," he said. "I'm Doctor浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第7页（共11页）Bonbon. I've been asked to make your stay here as pleasant as possible. Would you like to go hunting sharks with me? You seem to enjoy facin danger."I accepted gladly. I saw myself struggling with a huge fish on my rod ...I was to speak again the next afternoon. So we agreed to start early in the morning."By the way," the doctor said as we set out, "you should try out your coucteau.”"My... what？""Your snorkel (潜水呼吸管) . You need to breathe. I'll show you how to work the underwater gun too. What's the matter? Something wrong?"I had to sit down. I tried to tell myself it wasn't so. But there was no doubt about it. I wasn't to fish with a rod. I was to go right down into the water. I opened my mouth to protest ..."You know," the doctor said, "I can't tell you how much we all enjoyed your lecture on courage."I said nothing. There are times when you have to protect your means of earning a living. I was known as a good speaker. If I had to be eaten by sharks to keep my reputation, I was ready. I put on my mask."Now put on the lead belt. It will get you down there instantly," the doctor said. "They'll go down with you." He pointed to the four big men on board.Bodyguards, I thought with relief."They're the beaters (轰赶猎物的人) ," the doctor said. "They'll go ahead and drive the sharks toward you. Then all you have to do is shoot." I didn't have the courage to object. They helped me over the side.At the bottom the first thing I saw was a big fish. I screamed.I can't quite remember what followed. All I know is that, contrary to what I had said in my lecture, in the face of danger the hero does not discover the great values of life. At last I opened my eyes again. The big fish was gone.I tried to retum to the surface. Then I saw a huge form above my head. I seized my gun. I closed my eyes and pressed the trigger.The gun was torn from me.In seconds I was at the surface. Luckily, the boat was near. I was on board in an instant."Where's your gun?" asked the doctor.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第8页（共11页）I explained that I had hit a shark. The beast had torn the weapon from my hands.The four big men were climbing back into the boat now. One of them had my gun. He spoke to the doctor in his native language."It seems," the doctor said to me, "that you shot at the hull of the boat."He was trying to suggest that I had mistaken the boat passing over my head for a shark. The very idea!When I stepped to the platform that afternoon, Doctor Bonbon was sitting in the front row. But I didn't let his mocking stare disturb me. I was determined to rise once more to the level of my subject."Ladies and gentlemen," I began, "when the hero finds himself facing danger, the first thing he discovers ..."46. When he was told that he was to go down into the water, the writer had to sit down probably because ________ .A. he could not control his shaking legsB. he wanted to have a better look at the waterC. he wanted to get ready for the underwater adventureD. he could not help asking Doctor Bonbon some questions47. What happened under the water?A. He shot at a shark.B. He shot at the boat.C. He was attacked by a shark.D. His gun was torn away by a shark.48. In the sentence "But I didn't let his mocking stare disturb me." the word "mocking" could be replaced by ________ .A. amusingB. sneeringC. concerningD. encouraging49. The afternoon speech probably opened in this way, "When the hero finds himself facing danger, the first thing he discovers ________ ."A. is his true selfB. is the life valueC. is his wrong concept of heroismD. is the challenge from other people浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第9页（共11页）50. The story was told in the tone of ________ .A. seriousnessB. admirationC. humourD. criticismV. WORD DERIV ATIONComplete each of the following sentences with a (compound) word derived from the one(s) given in brackets. Write your word on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all) 51. The young speaker smiled to the audience ________ as he walked into the lecture hall. (humble)52. When I replied that I did not have any aptitude for salesmanship, she turned her eyes away from me, greatly ________ . (disappoint)53. After they had worked a few miracles, their imagination increased, and their ambition________ . (large)54. My mother believed that I was blessed with a rare ________ to make something of myself. (determine)55. Alex was almost ________ with anger and despair when our team lost the game. (speech)56. The local government gained ________ control of the area after the UN peace-keeping forces left. (effect)57. What caused the ________ of the first world war? (break, out)58. Some newspapers often fail to respect pop icons' right to ________ . (private)59. The homeless child was once treated as a ________ by the owner of a restaurant in the town. (beg)60. The airport control tower kept postponing the ________ of our plane, which annoyed us greatly. (depart)VI. SENTENCE TRANSLATIONTranslate the following sentences into English and write your sentenceson the answer sheet. (3 points each, 15 points in all)6 1．我的计算机肯定有问题了，今天我得请人把它修好。

全国2018年4月自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank.1. The task force is supposed_____.A. to be getting reinforcedB. that to be getting reinforcedC. to being got reinforcedD. that been got reinforced2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____.A. having been identifiedB. to be identifiedC. identifiedD. being identified3._____, I would call him in advance.A. Had I been youB. I were youC. Were I youD. I had been you4. The company encourages _____ uniforms.A. to wearB. wearsC. wearingD. have worn5. What is _____ story you have ever heard?A. funnierB. a funniestC. the funnierD. the funniest6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer.A. according asB. according toC. ifD. whether7. The Tower of London, _____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction.A. whichB. thereC. whereD. from it8. Pride and prejudice _____ never failed to characterize the aristocracy.A. hadB. hasC. haveD. are9. Not only the players and the coach but also the referee _____ responsible for the defeat.A. wereB. wasC. isD. are10. How often _____ your car _____? I think it ought _____ twice a week at least.A. is …washed, to be washedB. is …washed, to washC. is …washed, to have washedD. has …been washed, to be washed11. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard out in the street.A. having been opened and closedB. opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to be opened and closed12. I had hoped that Jennifer _____ a doctor, but she was not good at medicine.A. will becomeB. becomeC. would becomeD. becomes13. Most people enjoy _____.A. to flatterB. to be flatteredC. flatteringD. being flattered14. Congratulations on _____ to the university.A. having admittedB. being admittedC. admittingD. have admitted15. As we went _____ in our investigation of the case, we had more evidence of a political conspiracy.A. farB. fartherC. furtherD. farthest16. _____ his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man.A. AlthoughB. With allC. WithD. Because of17. He takes no interest in studies; _____, he plays tennis all day.A. in shortB. insteadC. anyhowD. still18. The factory was burned down last night; _____ many workmen were thrown out of employment.A. for this sakeB. on that accountC. in that caseD. unfortunately19. The old _____ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell.A. isB. will beC. are to beD. are20. There _____ a tall building, several tennis courts and lots of non-deciduous trees on the center of the area.A. isB. areC. standD. appears二、选择填空题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below.21. today, today’s, todays’, the, a______ styles are not as attractive as those of ______ generation ago.22. a, the, any, some, alII believe ______ prestige of our college is as great as that of ______ other college in this area.23. Fool and Joe, Joe and thief, Fool and thief, Joe and he, Fool and heIn the sentence “Fool Joe may be, but thief he is not ”, the subjects are ______ and the themes are ______.24. a, the, any, every, allIn the United States, Women earn an average of 75 cents for ______ $1 men are paid, ______ disparity Bill Clinton has noted in the past as evidence of social injustice.25. was given, gave, has given, onto, off, over toThe evening ______ ______ singing and dancing.26. makes, made, was made, of, after, forIt started raining, so she ______ ______ the nearest shelter.三、填空题(本大题共20小题，每空1分，共20分)27. Fill in the blank with an appropriate unit noun:a ______ of sand28. Fill in the blank with an appropriate unit noun:a ______ of sunshine.29. Fill in the blank with an appropriate form of the verb given:Two players ______ (send) off the field in the restive match.30. Fill in the blank with an appropriate form of the words given:I’ve left the key on the safe. People ______ (must look) everywhere for it.31. Fill in the blank with an appropriate Preposition:I got the news prior ______ the conference.32. Fill in the blank with an appropriate preposition:She leant ______ the river to see her reflection in the water.33. Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:she was on the verge of starvation, her brother was living an extravagant life.34. Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:Not everyone can go to Cambridge ______ Oxford. You’re one of the privileged few.35. Fill in the blank with an appropriate relative pronoun:The painter lived in Beijing, ______ he was in close contact with other artists.36. Fill in the blank with an appropriate conjunct:You can phone the doctor if you like. ______, I very much doubt whether you will get him to come out on a Saturday night.37. Fill in the blank with an appropriate form of the verb given:The police ______ (be) investigating the fraud allegations against him.38. Fill in the blank with a proper form of the verb given:All of the fruit ______ (spoil).39. Fill in the blank with an appropriate from of the word given:Janet turned out as though she ______ (know) the result.40. Fill in the blank with an appropriate from of the word given:______ (honest) man than he is shall be chosen.41. Fill in the blank with an appropriate preposition:That strange idea is ______ belief.42. Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:Work hard ______ you are told to stop.43. Fill in the blank with an appropriate relative pronoun:You must return the book to ______ it belongs to.44. Fill in the blank with an appropriate relative pronoun:We talked a long while about our boyhood days, after ______ we had a good dinner.45. Fill in the blank with an appropriate adverb:Only one boy was absent, ______ Harry.46. Fill in the blank with an appropriate conjunct:You say you want to marry her. ______, you shouldn’t be quarrelling with her all the time.四、改错题(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)Correct errors in the following sentences.47. We must hurry, otherwise the seminar will start when we get there.48. He suddenly saw the answer to the problem that has occupied his mind for the last two years.49. The company has promised a rise to salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.50. I believe youngsters read too many love stories these days to be realistic.51. Please do not use your mobile phones until after the plane lands.52. As she is fed up with working as a secretary, she thinks of finding another job.53. Francis Bacon wrote that reading made a full man.54. Go and get some fresh air! You were sitting here all morning.五、改写句子题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.55. Rephrase these sentences so as to begin each with the existential “there”:a. A small, grey monkey was wearing my best silk tie.b. Many citizens believed that the fire had been caused by foreigners.56. In answering the question below, use (a) the information given in brackets, and (b) the passive voice as ameans of achieving end-focus.Were Christopher Columbus and his men the first Europeans to discover America ? (Norsemen landed on the coast of North America in the 10th or 11th century)57. Turn the following statement into an exclamation:These old men are very nice people.58. Turn the following statement into an exclamation:They are working with great enthusiasm.59. Turn the following statement into a negative imperative:Put the box somewhere in the storeroom.60. Turn the singular noun or noun phrase into plural forms wherever possible with other necessary changes:He was anxious to increase his knowledge.61. Use modal auxiliary:They were obliged to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due.62. Use an infinitive phrase:My friends recommended that I should give up smoking.63. Combine sentences using comparative degree (more …than …):He works carefully. I don’t work carefully enough.64. Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:The monsoon season occurs in Thailand every year. It causes heavy rains.65. Combine the sentence into one that contains a relative clause:My special gratitude goes to Professor Wang. Without his help this book would not have been finished in time.66. Write a counter-factual conditional based on the given facts:Tom doesn’t travel because he doesn’t have enough money.67. Use “neither”as part of the subject:Both statements are not true.68. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:He sold his old house and bought a new house the next day.69. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:The old people are retiring and the younger people are taking over.六、名词解释题(本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分。

2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题课程代码:00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following particular historical period EXCEPT ______. ( C )2.2-25A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. New EnglishD. Modern English2. The definition of a word comprises the following points ______ . ( D )1.1-7(1) a minimal free form of a language(2) a sound unity(3) a unit of meaning(4) a form that can function alone in a sentenceA. (1) and (2)B. (1) (2) and (3)C. (2) (3) and (4)D. (1) (2) (3) and (4)3. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one ofthe characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______ .( A )1.5.1-12A. productivityB. polysemyC. stabilityD. collocability4. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and ______ . ( A )2.1-23A. IndiaB. the Far EastC. the West AsiaD. America5. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and ______ classics. This is known in history as the Renaissance. ( C )2.2.3-28A. IndiaB. GermanC. RomanD. Chinese6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( B )2.2-33-34A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.C. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.D. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.7. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is______.( A )3.1-38A. morphemeB. affixesC. rootD. stem8. There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog, feet, matches.( B )3.2-38A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( B )3.2-38A. packsB. bagsC. cheatsD. ships10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( A )4-45A. affixationB. clippingC. compoundingD. shortening11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( D )4.3-56A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( A )4.7-67A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixation13. ______ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symboland its meaning. ( B )5.2-83A. SenseB. MotivationC. ConceptD. Reference14. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.( D )5.2.4-85A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological15. In English there are ______ types of motivation that concerns the relationship between the sign and meaning. ( C )5.2-83A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 516. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages?( D )6.1-95A. Suffixation.B. Variation.C. Allomorph.D. Polysemy.17. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ______ field of ‘colours’. ( B )6.6-120A. stylisticB. semanticC. ellipticD. syntactic18. What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may NOT be applicable to their ______ terms? ( C )6.4.1-114A. connotativeB. collocativeC. relativeD. negative19. When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is______ accordingly.( B )7.1.2-137-138A. relatedB. narrowedC. createdD. suggested20. Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South? ( D )7.2.1-143A. Rattlesnake.B. Villain.C. Informer.D. Copperhead.21. People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc. ( A ) 7.2.1-143A. psychologicalB. socialC. communicativeD. lexical22. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ______ context. ( B )8.1-149A. non-linguisticB. linguisticC. grammaticalD. lexical23. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context? ( D ) 8.2-154A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication for referents.C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D. All the above.24. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? ( A )8.1-149A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic context.B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.C. It embraces the people, time and place.D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.25. The idiom "fall into good hands" is a ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned.( A )9.3.2-175A. synecdocheB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification26. "Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature. ( B )9.2.1-166A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The change of idiom "velvet paws" from the original form is______.( D )9.3.3-177A. replacementB. position-shiftingC. additionD. shortening28. American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation. ( D )10.2.2-192A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet29. Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary? ( B )10.1.4-188A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopaedic English DictionaryC. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. ( D )10.2.2-193A. the slight difference between words of similar meaningsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. all the aboveII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15 % )31. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one __million_______ words.1.4-1032. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many __religious_______ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.2.2.1-2533. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are __affixes_______.3.3.2-4034. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called ___prefixation______.4.1-4635. The synonymous pair "die —pass away" has the same __concept_______ but different stylistic values.5.1.2-8336. Semantically, all __words_______ are related in one way or another.6-9537. Fortuitous formerly denoted 'happening by chance', 'accidental' and later took on the meaning 'fortunate' probably by __analogy_______ because the two words look similar.7.2.2-14538. The sentence "He is a hard businessman" is ambiguous due to___polysemy______.8.2.1-15539. The characteristic of idioms —__semantic_______ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as "rain cats and dogs".9.1.1-16340. Definition, extra column and usage __examples_______ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary(1987).10.3.2-199III. Define the following terms. (15%)41. jargon 1.5.1-13答案：Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves.42. derivational affix 3.3.2-41答案：Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.43. grammatical meaning5.3.1-86答案：Grammatical meanings refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms (forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten, forgetting ).44. associated transfer 7.1.4-140答案：A term used in relation to changes in word in which the meaning is transferred through association.45. variations of idioms 9.3.3-176答案：When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience grammatical changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on. Occasionally, we may find changes in constituents of idioms: addition, deletion, replacement,position-shifting, dismembering, etc.IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )46. leorn→ian→lern→en→learnAbove is the change of "learn" from Old English through Middle English to Modern English.What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary?2.2.3-29答案：In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language.47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.4.6-65答案：Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms,depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter. Such as OA,BBC,TV. British Broadcasting Corporation, Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example AIDS(acquired immune deficiency syndrome), TERL(teaching English as a foreign language),N-bomb(nuclear bomb), G-man(Government man).48. What is the appropriate antonym for acute in the following statement?6.4.2-114She got an acute pain in her back.答案：The appropriate antonym for acute in “She got an acute pain in her back” is dull.49. What are contextual clues?Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.8.2.3-157(a) Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor B irdwhistell.(b) It's just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors — those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as "silicon chips".答案：Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea.(a) Definition . the study of body movement(b) Explanation . the tiny parts of a computer commonly known as “silicon chips”V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )50. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded" 4.3-58答案：It is not unusual to have nouns converted from adjectives. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted，thus known as full conversion, others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion.Group 1: A noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. It can take an indefinite article or -(e) sto indicate singular or plural number. "white —a white, final —finals" arecommon adjectives.Group 2: Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with definite articles. What's more, they retain some of the adjective features, for example, the poor, the rich , the youngs the -wounded, the poorer, the more affluent , the most corrupt . the young = young people, the wounded = wounded soldiers.51. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each fast respectively.[A] My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo.[B] The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt.[C] The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.6.4.2-114答案：A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym.Sentence [A] means the clock is one hour ahead of the local time, and the right antonym of fast is slow.Sentence [B] means the colors are resistant to destruction of fading, and the right antonym of ward fast is loose.Sentence [C] means the visit was accomplished in relatively little time, and the right antonym of fast is long.。

全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语及答案全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语及答案课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese. (10%)1. in a detour 迂回2. competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值3. consignor 寄售人4. customer mobility 客户流动性5. escape clauses 豁免条款6. share holders 股东7. potential loss 潜在损失8. carrying vessel 运载船只9. negligent 粗心大意10. specific duty 从量税Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English. (10%)11.债权国 The credit country12.国际合同 International contract13.定期付款/分阶段付款 Term payment14.被保险人 The insured15.人口计划 The population plan16.特惠税 The preferential duty17.基础设施项目 Infrastructure construction project18.装箱单 Shipping list19.破产 Disrupted20.土地和劳动力 Land and labor forceⅢ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right. (10%)21. facilities( d )a. the price or cost of transportation22. premises( g ) b. easily to go bad23. middleman( f ) c. not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon24. perishable ( b ) d. something designed, built or installed to serve a specificfunction or perform a particular service25. access( j ) e. the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc.26. controversy( i ) f. trader through whom goods pass between the producer andthe customer27. carriage( a ) g. a tract of land including its buildings28. settlement( e ) h. an official group of persons who direct or supervise someactivities of a firm29. board( h ) i. public argument about something which many peopledisagree with30. cancel( c ) j. a way by which a place, esp. property can be reached orentered or usedⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English. (10%)31. term draft 远期汇票A draft which requires to pay after sight or in a given period of time after representation of relevant documents.32. transferable credit 可转让信用证Credit which can be transferred to other parties during the transportation of goods.33. direct quote 直接报价A certain amount of foreign currency, usually one unit or one hundred unit, is marked with equivalent amount of home currency.34. acquisition 收购Buying existing facilities35. GATT 关税和贸易总协定The General Agreement of Tariff and Trade.V. Answer the following questions in English. (20%)36. What are thefive major modes of the modern freight transportation system?Water, air, road, rail, pipeline37. What do “valued” policies mean?Valued policies mean that a country provide investors with preferential policies for insured return in order to attract foreign investment.38. What is the purpose to establish GSP(the Generalized System of Preference)?The purpose of GSP is to help development of developing countries by provide tariff concession to them.39. What is the relationship between MNEs and their host countries?The relationship of MNEs and their host countries is interdependable and interactive.Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese. (15%)40. The Bank for International Settlement (BIS) is a unique institution. Many of its operations are of types normally performed by a commercial bank, but it is owned principally by central banks, and managed by central banks and its principal customers are central banks. The objects of BIS are to promotethe cooperation among central banks and to provide additional facilities for international operations.国际结算银行是一个独特的机构。

全国2018年4月自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. That definition leaves ______ for disagreement. ( )A. much roomB. a small roomC. many roomsD. a big room2. My train is going to arrive at Shanghai at about eight o’clock tonight. The plane I’d like to take from there ______ by then. ( )A. would leaveB. will have leftC. has leftD. had left3. The young man who has applied for the post ______ in the general manager’s office.( )A. is interviewingB. is being interviewedC. to be interviewedD. had been interviewed4. It is essential that all the exam papers ______ back before the end of the term. ( )A. must be sentB. are sentC. will be sentD. be sent5. ______ for my illness, I would have got the job in the Disneyland. ( )A. Not beingB. Without beingC. Had it not beenD. Not having been6. The car ahead of me suddenly stopped by the roadside. I think it ______ out of gas.( )A. may runB. may have runC. must runD. should have run7. The teacher won’t mind ______ the term paper. ( )A. us to delay handing inB. our delaying handing inC. our delaying to hand inD. us delay to hand in8. All the tasks ______ ahead of time, they decided to have a dinner party to celebrate.( )1A. have been finishedB. had been finishedC. having been finishedD. were finished.9. What he has done is ______ what I have done. ( )A. superior toB. more superior toC. superior thanD. more superior than10. Mary earns ______ as Jane does, but she spends less money on cosmetics than Jane.( )A. twice so muchB. twice as muchC. as much twiceD. so much twice11. We’ 11 discuss a ______ issue before we move on to the problem of our major concern.( ) A. less B. moreC. lesserD. most12. He was very disappointed ______ the salary the company offered him. ( )A. withB. toC. forD. on13. The course usually attracts 30 students each term, ______ about two-thirds are girls.( )A. among whomB. for whomC. among themD. for them14. I have never seen a TV program ______ the man cannot find a parking space at the very firsttry.( )A. whereB. whichC. whenD. there15. Everyone believes that the day will come ______ people all over the world live a rich andhappy life. ( )A. whenB. whereC. whichD. why16. The novelist and poet ______ best writer of the year. ( )A. have been awardedB. have awardedC. has awardedD. has been awarded17. Ten minutes ______ an hour when I’m depresse d. ( )2A. seemsB. seemC. seemedD. is seeming18. ______ Paul brings the money for our lunch, we’ll go right to t he cafeteria. ( )A. As far asB. As soon asC. As good asD. As much as19. The captain, together with the crew, ______ determined not to abandon the ship until all the passengers were aboard the lifeboats. ( )A. isB. areC. wereD. was20. I saw ______ girls at the cinema. ( )A. the bothB. many aC. both theD. a many二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.（共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）21. isn’t, hasn’t been, haven’t been, is, are, wasThe present government, which ______ in power long, ______ trying to control inflation. It isn’t having much success.22. a, a, the, the, some, suchGetting ______ unions and ______ bosses to agree isn’t easy.23. is now believing, is now believed, has now believed, taught, teaching, being taughtIt ______ that foreign languages are most easily ______ to young children.24. am, were, has been, will be, shall be, should beI ______ anxious that nobody ______ hurt.25. if once, until, releases, releasing, released______ ______ from prison, he is likely to engage himself in the same business and commit the same crime.26. which, what, when, seen, I’ve ever seen, which I’ve ever seenIt’s the only building ______ ______ is made entirely of glass.27. believed, was believed, were believed, are, was, wereWhat ______ to be aliens from outer space ______ actually several sheep going astray.328. both, either, neither, whatever, whichever, howeverYou can keep one of the photos, ______ of them—______ you like.Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary. (共20小题,每小题1分，共20 分)29. Let’s talk to the manager, ______ (we)?30. How long ______ (speech) you made this afternoon!31. There has been an increasing number of ______ (man) teachers in primary schools in the lastfew years.32. All ______ (town) were celebrating the victory that night.33. We’re having dinner at my ______ (aunt) tonight.34. If only they ______ (stop) this constant complaining.35. The vase ______ (sit) dangerously over the edge of the balcony.36. We ______ (call) on you yesterday, but we had visitors ourselves.37. She took a taxi to the station so that she ______ (not miss) the train.38. This ______ (cure) your cough if you had taken it.39. Several people reported ______ (hear) her cry for help.40. When are you going to have the car ______ (repair)?41. ______ (dangerous) it is, the more I like it.42. He is ______ (of a fool) than his predecessor.43. A lot of people volunteered to donate their blood ______ (of sympathy).44. With luck, you might cover your cos ts, but don’t ______ (count) it.45. The woman ______ (whom) we talked has just given birth to quintuplets successfully.46. What he did and when he did it ______ (be) the only things I want to know.47. My car is too small. Let’s rent a ______ (big).48. －Will they change it?－Yes. I ______ (imagine).三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. The new reservoir is the two-thirds size of the old one in area.50. The friend of mine will visit me tomorrow.451. I have been seeing the movie three times, and now I want to see it again.52. I propose that a woman member of the committee appoint for the chair.53. The truth of course is that you must have to pay a professional to do it for you.54. Yesterday John went to see a house in a view to buying it.55. Because the leader couldn’t attend the meeting, so it was cancele d.56. The old lady must feel the cold a great deal because she doesn’t go out in the winter.57. When used with care, transitional words can enhance writing, however, too many of them will soon weary your reader.58. Young though he was, did he manage to make a living on his own.59. In order that the child to recover fully, an operation must be done.60. The cup was broken by someone, but I don’t know who.四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Using an intensifier:I have not known him tell a lie.62. Using a question tag:Bob rarely got drunk.63. Using a proper modal auxiliary:Perhaps he was working for Simons.64. Using a non-finite form:I am sure it’ll do you good if you admit that you made the mistake.65. Using a relative clause:He said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true.66. Using an adjunct:My wife was using the vacuum cleaner. I was trying to listen to a broadcast play.67. Using an adjunct:His mother waited up. He came home.68. Using a pseudo-deft sentence:The students are going to write theses.69. Using passive voice:We must put an end to this state of things as soon as possible.570. Using extraposition:Meeting you in London that day was pleasant.71. Using inversion:Come and teach in our school. You won’t find such fine pupils anywhere else.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:Check out the weather at your destination. If you do not check out the weather at your destination, things can be very embarrassing.五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分)Answer the following questions.73. Why do most modern English grammarians adopt a two-tense system?74. Why does co-reference between pronouns often cause our hesitation in the course of speakingand writing?6。

学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《现代英语语法》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、________ you had been here, we wouldn ’ t have had so much trouble then.A、whenB、ifC、asD、since正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析2、Young ________ he was, he managed to make a living on his own.A、althoughB、sinceC、thoughD、thus正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析3、She sat ________ the table in the restaurant.A、inB、withC、fromD、at正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析4、He graduated from college ________ his parents divorced.A、whichB、beforeC、whileD、that正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析5、The manager fulminated against his secretary, ________ surprised me.A、whoB、whomC、thatD、which正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析6、He became a successful actor ________ his father never was.A、whoB、whomC、thatD、when正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析7、Her mother can ’ t speak English ________ French, but is good at Japanese.A、yetB、orC、neitherD、while正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析8、The delegation ________ Russia will visit London this afternoon.A、inB、fromC、atD、for正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析9、Their plane arrived ________ San Francisco this morning.A、fromB、atC、toD、on正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析10、The money would have to be raised by ________ taxation.A、farB、fartherC、farthestD、furthe正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析11、When ________ to tell the difference between British and American English, the linguist madea long and ________ speech.A、asked;tiredB、asked;tiringC、asking;tiringD、beasked;tired正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析12、I hope that it is possible to achieve this objective by calling on the smokers ________ good judgment and show concern for others rather than by regull A、hadbetternotto;mighthavebeencaughtB、hadbetter;maybecaughtC、wouldnot;mighthavebeencaughtD、hadbetternot;maybecaught正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析14、The twins had been away for such a long time that many people in the village thought they ________.A、oughttohavediedB、shouldhavediedC、musthavediedD、couldhavedied正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析15、The teacher said that Jane ________ work harder the following semester.A、havetoB、hadbetterC、hadbel B、wereanalyzedC、beanalyzedD、shouldhavebeenanalyzed正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析17、Mother wished I ________ you what she ________.A、didn’ttell;saidB、didn’ttell;hassaidC、didn’ttell;hadsaidD、hadn’ttold;said正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析18、I only called the police when I ________ everything else.A、triedB、wastryingC、hadtriedD、hadbeentrying正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析19、James has just arrived, but I didn ’ t know he ________ until yesterday.A、willcomeB、wascomingC、hadbeencomingD、comes正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析20、He ________ violin when I want to sleep.A、alwaysplaysB、playalwaysC、isalwaysplayingD、alwaysisplaying正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析21、He can not choose his own job, ________ can I.正确答案：neither/nor答案解析：暂无解析22、With an appropriate relative pronoun My brother speaks English fluently, ________ I don ’t.正确答案：which答案解析：暂无解析23、With an appropriate conjunctive Last month I bought a watch. It is cheap, ________ it goes quite well.正确答案：but/ yet答案解析：暂无解析24、This car is very expensive. You have to pay half a million dollars ________ it.正确答案：for答案解析：暂无解析25、I think his failure in the experiment resulted ________ his carelessness.正确答案：from答案解析：暂无解析26、I appreciate ________ (give) the opportunity to study abroad three years ago.正确答案：having been given答案解析：暂无解析27、It is surprising that this innocent-looking girl ________________ (commit) such a crime. 正确答案：should have committed答案解析：暂无解析28、He said that he ____ (feed) up with college instructors who tried to teach him to use the “ scientific正确答案：was fed答案解析：暂无解析29、When you were in London, did you visit ________________ Tower, too?正确答案：the答案解析：暂无解析30、The noise of the party stopped me getting ________________ sleep.正确答案：any/some答案解析：暂无解析31、He lost ________________ parents when he was a child.正确答案：both/his答案解析：暂无解析32、She’ s lost almost ________________ friend she had.正确答案：every答案解析：暂无解析33、John hardly speaks to anybody in the class, ________________?正确答案：does he答案解析：暂无解析34、Let ’ s not take John with us on our family outing this time, _______________?正确答案：shall we答案解析：暂无解析35、Everyone is excited by the news, ________________?正确答案：aren’t they/ isn’t he答案解析：暂无解析36、Nobody in the class agrees with you, ________________?正确答案：do they答案解析：暂无解析37、analysis, criteria, diabetes, gentry, pants, physics a. Singularonly:________________________________________ b. Plural only:__________________________________________正确答案：a . physics, diabetes, analysisb. pants, gentry, criteria答案解析：暂无解析38、than, as, more, so, less I ’m not going out with a man who ’e ________ old ________ me. 正确答案：as、as答案解析：暂无解析39、than, as, more, most, the The ________ information that comes in, ________ more confused the picture becomes.正确答案：more、the答案解析：暂无解析40、were, was, had, propaganda, propagandas Large amounts of money ________ spent on ________. 正确答案：were、propaganda答案解析：暂无解析。

18.A.ThenB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Consequently解：B[解析]本题主要考查上下⽂的关系, 要注意however 是表⽰转折关系的词，therefore表⽰因果关系，⽽consequently也表⽰结果。

19.A.SinceB.BeforeC.AfterD.While解：C[解析]本⽂主要考查连词20.A.initiatedB.inventedC.createdD.discovered解：D[解析]本⽂主要考查词义辨析，重点是：invent 和discover 的区别。

Invent表⽰发明以前没有的东西，⽽discover 是指发现以前就存在的东西。

三、阅读理解Passage 1Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history. An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (特性) of time and space and so on — but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War.Einstein hated violence. The misery of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.In the years following the First World War, honors were increasingly heaped on him. He became the head of the Kaiser Whilhem Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize for Physics, and he was highly honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹主义) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.21.The first paragraph is mainly about _____.A.a new outlook of the universeB.the feelings of an American college presidentC.the change in human thought caused by EinsteinD.the difficulty in teaching Einstein's theory解：C[解析]本题是主旨题第⼀段的主题句是第⼀句“Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history”表明爱因斯坦对科学和历史都有极⼤的影响，⽽第⼆句说明了爱因斯坦使⼈们对世界观，对宇宙有了⼀个新的认识。

全国2011年4月自学考试综合英语(二)试题(总分100, 做题时间150分钟)课程代码：00795I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYComplete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)1.The idea of traveling through _________ space to other planets interests many people today.SSS_SINGLE_SELA aB theC /D one该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C[解析] 本题考查冠词的用法。

space表示宇宙空间时，前面不加冠词。

2.I'd get the book for you _________ I could remember who last borrowed it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA only ifB if onlyC except thatD in case that该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B[解析] 本题考查短语辨析。

if only要是……就好了；only if只要，只有；except that除……之外；in ease that如果。

根据句意可知，B项符合题意。

3.We had to get him to the hospital right away. Otherwise, it _________ too late.SSS_SINGLE_SELA isB will beC wasD would be该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D[解析] 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。

自考英语语法试题及答案1. 选择题1) — Have you seen Linda recently?— No, I ________ her for over a month.a) don't see b) hadn't seenc) haven't seen d) didn't see答案：c) haven't seen2) I called you yesterday evening, but there ________ no response.a) were b) isc) had been d) has been答案：d) has been3) You ________ take an umbrella with you. It might rain.a) ought b) willc) might d) should答案：d) should4) He left the office early ________ attend the meeting.a) so as to b) such toc) in order to d) in order答案：a) so as to5) If you ________ harder, you would have passed the exam.a) have studied b) would studyc) had studied d) studied答案：c) had studied2. 填空题1) Could you please lend me ________ pen? I seem to have lost mine.答案：a2) You should ________ to bed early if you want to get up early tomorrow.答案：go3) ________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall? It's a must-see when you visit Beijing.答案：Have, been4) The weather is cold today, but it will ________ tomorrow.答案：get better5) The actor ________ by the audience as soon as he appeared on the stage.答案：was applauded3. 改错题1) He have seen the movie before, so he didn't want to watch it again.答案：He has seen the movie before, so he didn't want to watch it again.2) You should to be more careful when crossing the road.答案：You should be more careful when crossing the road.3) Neither of them are interested in the proposal that was made.答案：Neither of them is interested in the proposal that was made.4) The dog wagged it's tail excitedly when its owner came home.答案：The dog wagged its tail excitedly when its owner came home.5) The teacher encouraged us to always do our best on exams.答案：The teacher encouraged us to always do our best in exams.4. 完形填空Passage 1:Twenty years ago, I __1__a little village, which was very beautiful and peaceful. There __2__many green fields and high mountains near it. The villager’s houses __3__ very large, but they were all nice. __4__could see flowers and green trees __5__ the houses. The village was not far__6__a river. The water of the river __7__very clean. Many big and small__8__were swimming in it. One day, I took my friends to the village. We__9__in the houses of the villagers. One of the villagers __10__me to his house. In his house, we had a wonderful time.答案：1) a) visit b) feelc) escape d) dislike答案：a) visited2) a) are b) amc) were d) be答案：c) were3) a) was b) isc) were d) are答案：a) were4) a) Anybody b) Anythingc) Somebody d) Everybody答案：d) Everybody5) a) in b) atc) around d) on答案：a) in6) a) to b) fromc) near d) at答案：c) near7) a) is b) arec) were d) was答案：d) was8) a) fish b) dogsc) ducks d) birds答案：c) ducks9) a) are b) stayedc) kept d) went答案：b) stayed10) a) showed b) tookc) escorted d) introduced答案：d) introducedPassage 2:I never __1__ bird-watching before. I __2__ the countryside to see my friend, Sally, and she told me about a nature reserve near her village. She said it __3__a great place to watch birds, so we __4__decided to go there. We __5__ early in the morning and took some snacks for lunch. There__6__a lot of different birds in the reserve. Some of them were very small,and others __7__very big with long wings. I saw a bird __8__pale blue feathers and a red patch on its head. I didn't know __9__ you could see such beautiful birds in England. Sally __10__me the names of some of the birds.答案：1) a) gone b) wentc) go d) been答案：b) gone2) a) got b) getc) have got d) got to答案：a) got3) a) was b) werec) is d) are答案：c) is4) a) soon b) neverc) ever d) always答案：a) soon5) a) woke up b) stayed upc) got up d) met up答案：c) got up6) a) is b) werec) am d) are答案：b) were7) a) is b) werec) am d) are答案：b) were8) a) had b) hasc) have d) having答案：a) had9) a) how b) ifc) that d) where答案：d) where10) a) speak b) speaksc) spoke d) spoken答案：c) spoke通过以上试题及答案，你可以对自考英语语法知识进行复习和巩固。

2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试ⅠVocabulary and Structure(10points 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.Y ou may use bike________ you give it back to me tomorrow morning.A. unlessB. providedC. thoughD. because2.He could not ________his tears on hearing that he was not admitted to the universityA. hold upB. hold backC. get overD. get through3.Good parents have the ability to communicate messages of love, trust, and self-worth ______their childrenA. onB. forC. withD. to4.The teacher required that all errors should be _______eliminated before the students turn in their term paper.A. deportedB. eliminatedC. deprivedD. implemented5.A person is lucky if his career ________with his interest and hobby.A. concernsB. competesC. coincidersD. compares6.Out sleep influences our mood. our mood, ________,affects our performance.A. in returnB. in vainC. in shortD. in turn7.It was ________of you not to disturb us while we were sleeping.A. considerateB. consideringC. considerableD. considered8.I'd appreciate it very much if you could make some ________on my recent article at the conference.A. requestsB. referencesC. remarksD. restrictions9.He is ______absorbed in his own thoughts that he seems unaware of what's going on in the room.A. soB. eachC. veryD. much10.No sooner (选C)had I reached home than Michael arrived with Jane in his car.A. did I reachB.I had reachedC. had I reachedD.I reachedⅡ.Cloze Test(10point,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。

2011年专业英语四级语法与词汇PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ___ he was fifteen years ago.A. WhichB. whomC. whoD. that52. Which of the following sentence is a command?A. Beg your pardon.B. Have a good time.C. Never do that again.D. What noise you are making.53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?A. She said it for fun, but others take her seriously.B. For all its effort, the team didn’t win the match.C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.54. When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to Tom, ___?A. do youB. will youC. don’t youD. won’t you55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, soaking wet, the present participle is used as ___.A. as a commandB. as a conditionC. for concessionD. for emphasis56. Which of the italicized phrase is INCORRECT?A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.57. It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. asB. norC. butD. like58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?A. What do you think has happened to her?B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?C. How much do you think he earns every month?D. How quickly would you say he would come?59. The additional work will take ___ weeks.A. the otherB. another twoC. other twoD. the more60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause?A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you ___ now.A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave62. In the sentence “The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning”the italicized word is used to modify ___.A. the objectB. the verbC. the subjectD. the prepositional phrase63. There is no doubt ___ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. when64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is ___A. I’ll get some drinks. What’ll you have?B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name?D. Can you return the book next week?65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation?A. Mr. Smith’s passport has been issued.B. The visitor’s arrival was reported in the news.C. John’s travel details have not been finalized.D. The new bookstore sells children’s stories.66. Our office has recently ___ to a new computer system.A. alteredB. convertedC. transformedD. modified67. The crowd went ___ as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.A. wildB. emotionalC. uncontrolledD. unrestricted68. Our school library is ___ closed for repairs.A. shortlyB. quicklyC. temporarilyD. rapidly69. John is up to his eyes in work at the moment. The underlined part means ___.A. very excitedB. very busyC. very tiredD. very efficient70. Victoria bumped into her brother quite by chance in the supermarket. The underlined word means ___.A. riskB. opportunityC. probabilityD. luck71. “Look at those pretty girls’ skirts” is ___ because it is not clear whether the girls or the skirts are “pretty”.A. ambiguousB. hiddenC. indirectD. indistinct72. House repairs, holidays, school fees and other ___ have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.A. amountB. paymentC. expensesD. figures73. It was really ___ of you to remember my birthday.A. gratefulB. thoughtfulC. considerableD. generous74. You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday ___.A. introductionB. advertisementC. bookD. brochure75. The city government is building more roads to ___ the increasing number of cars.A. accommodateB. receiveC. acceptD. hold76. They’ve lifted a two-year-long economic ___ on the country.A. encloseB. restrictionC. blockadeD. prohibition77. Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boyfriend. Theunderlined part means ___.A. leftB. quarreledC. attackedD. defeated78. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very ___ one.A. elaborateB. refinedC. ambitiousD. complex79. The girl’s voice was so low that we could ___ hear her.A. seldomB. almostC. onlyD. barely80. She must have been pretty ___ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd2011年英语专四真题参考答案：语法词汇部分2011年专四语法与词汇答案51.D 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.D 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B 60.D 61.A 62.C 63.B 64.A 65.B 66.B 67.A 68.C 69.B 70.C 71.A 72.C 73.B 74.D 75.A 76.C 77.B 78.A 79.D 80.B2011年51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. Heis no longer the man ___ he was fifteen years ago.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that解析:本题考察定语从句的用法。

全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题课程代码：00794请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I．用适当语法形式或词汇填空。

从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填写在答题纸上。

(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. The general manager had his secretary ______ a joint conference yesterday.A. arrangeB. arrangingC. to arrangeD. arranged2. His brother doesn’t want ______ he’s going away from home.A. to be known thatB. it that to be knownC. it to be known thatD. that it to be known3. I didn’t know Jennie’s telephone number; otherwise I ______ her.A. had telephonedB. would have telephonedC. telephonedD. would telephone4. The question ______ tomorrow is whether this highway should be built.A. debatedB. to debateC. debatingD. to be debated5. Until then, Peter ______ from his family for more than six months.A. didn’t hearB. hadn’t heardC. hasn’t heardD. doesn’t hear6. So much ______ about her future job that she can’t sleep at night.A. she worriesB. that she worriesC. as does she worryD. does she worry7. He resented ______ the discussion that directly concerned his future.A. to be excluded fromB. to exclude fromC. being excluded fromD. excluding from8. ______ last week that they finished their report on the project.A. UntilB. It was untilC. Not untilD. It was not until9. Mary’s parents ______ to the movies without doing her homework.A. objected to her goingB. objected her to goC. were objected to her goingD. were objected her to go10. It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made.A. will not be startedB. is not startedC. not be startedD. not to be started11. It’s difficult to tell the twins ______ because they look exactly the same.A. apartB. alikeC. asideD. across12. The quality of life had improved ______ and there was a marked change in life style.A. consideratelyB. considerablyC. desperatelyD. essentially13. That Christmas Eve, he was too excited to sleep, and just pretended to, hoping to catch a ______ of Father Christmas.A. sightB. glimmerC. glimpseD. glare14. She turned down the invitation to the party as she had a(n) ______ at the office with a new client.A. appointmentB. arrangementC. assignmentD. promise15. Something in her had changed and this kept me from recognizing her ______ first glance.A. throughB. atC. withD. in16. This woman devotes herself ______ experimenting with new ways of teaching retarded children.A. toB. atC. intoD. over17. When she heard that her husband was killed in a gas explosion, she ______ tears.A. broke outB. ran intoC. burst intoD. came with18. For your safety and the safety of others, always ______ the traffic signals.A. take care ofB. pay attention toC. be aware ofD. look out19. The village head was criticized because he did not ______ immediate action to put the bird-flu under control.A. findB. produceC. takeD. use20. Resentment against your work seems to ______ from the fact that people don’t understand it.A. riseB. raiseC. arouseD. ariseII．认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

2011年专四语法题D 51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man he wasfifteen years ago.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. thatC 52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?A. Beg your pardon.B. Have a good time.C. Never do that again!D. What noise you are making!A 53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.B. For all its effort, the team didn’t win the match.C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.B 54. When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to Tim, ?A. do youB. will youC. don’t youD. won’t youD 55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the –ING participle is usedA. as a command.B. as a condition.C. for concession.D. for emphasis.B 56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.A 57. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the bookdifficult to understand.A. asB. norC. butD. likeC 58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?A. What do you think has happened to her?B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?C. How much do you think he earns every month?D. How quickly would you say he would come?B 59. The additional work will take weeks.A. the otherB. another twoC. other twoD. the moreD 60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.A 61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you now.A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leaveC 62. In the sentence “The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning”, the italicized wordis used to modifyA. the object.B. the verb.C. the subject.D. the prepositional phrase.B 63. There is no doubt the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier thanplanned.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. whenA 64. The sentence that expresses OFFER isA. I’ll get some drinks. What’ll you have?B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name?D. Can you return the book next week?B 65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)?A. Mr Smith’s passport has been issued.B. The visitor’s arrival was reported in the news.C. John’s travel details have not been finalized.D. The new bookstore sells children’s stories.2011年英语专业四级考试语法与词汇部分解析51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ___ he was fifteen years ago.A. WhichB. whomC. whoD. that解析：本题考察定语从句的用法。

自考英语语法答案自考英语语法答案【篇一：11年4月全国自考英语语法参考答案】ass=txt>课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter a, b, c or d in the brackets.1. this encyclopedia, which you can buy at any bookstore, will give you ______ you need. ()?a. all the informationb. all of informationc. all the informationsd. all of the informations2. the child ought to have a rest; she ______ the piano for nearly three hours. ()?a. had practicedb. is practicing?c. has been practicingd. practices?3. great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made in this country if food shortage ______ . (a. is to be avoidedb. can be avoided?c. will be avoidedd. has been avoided?4. my sons hair is too long; it wants ______. ill have it ______ tomorrow. ()?a. cutting… doneb. cutting… to be done?c. being cut… doned. to be cut… to be done?5. all the tourists desire that the guide ______ them timely information about the changes in the schedule. (a. giveb. gavec. givesd. can give?6. you ______ all the calculations of the students scores. we have the computer software to do that job. (a. neednt have doneb. mustnt have done?c. shouldnt have doned. couldnt have done?7. john is supposed ______ his term paper last. week, but he hasnt finished it yet. ()a. to hand inb. to be handing in?c. to have handed ind. to have been handed in?8. you can see this type of atm ______ in almost every commercial bank. ()?a. usedb. usingc. used. to be used?9.i like playing video games ______ to the music. ()?a. more than to listenb. more than listening?c. than listeningd. rather than to listen?10. you cant be ______ cautious in making the decision as it concerns your sons future.? ()?a. veryb. ratherc. tood. so?第 1 页 )? )?)?11. china has a larger population than ______ in the world. ()?a. any countryc. any other country b. any countries?d. all other country?12. all the candidates passed the written test ______ the exception of john. ()?a. onc. in b. ford. with?13. according to a study on childrens behavior, the time______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people will affect their relationship with real-life people later in their lives. ()?a. whenc. in which b. thatd. on which?14. at such a critical moment, our company needs a general manager ______ everyone has confidence. ()?a. of whomc. in whom b. about whomd. for whom?15. the donor hoped that the little ______ he had done wouldhelp the people in the flooded area. ()?a. whichc. what b. thatd. where?16. it has been found that how close parents are to their children ______ a rather strong influence on the development of the childrens character. ()?a. havec. having b. hasd. had?17. the audience ______ requested to remain seated during the intermission. ()?a. arec. were b. isd. be?18. during extremely hot weather, elephants require both mud and water to keep their skin cool ______ they have no sweat glands. ()?a. andc. because of b. so?d. due to the fact that?19. his score of the final english exam is higher than ______ in his class. ()?a. anyones elsec. anyones elses b. anyone else?d. anyone elses?20. he has been staying at home ______ days. ()?a. these all last fewc. all these last few二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)section afill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.?第 2 页 b. these last few all? d. these last all few?(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)?21. feel have, go, will be, are, was?the black middle class ________________ culturally excluded while the poor _______________ totally alienated.?22. a, the, some, all, each, sucha knife is no good. you need ________________ screwdriver to do ________________ job properly.?23. took, was taken, had taken, operated, been operated, operating?he ________________ to hospital last night and hesalready?________________ on.?24. was, were, be, shall be, will be, has been?________________ it necessary that my uncle________________ informed??25. both, whether, neither, or, nor, but?________________ by accident ________________ by design, he arrived too late for the appointment.?26. which i bought, what i bought, i bought, which, what, who? this is the only book ________________ ________________ challenges this common belief.?27. which, what, that, is, are, was?28. a, one, some, any, other, another?the new york times is neither ________________ thing nor the________________ its not really a city newspaper and its not really a national newspaper either.?section b fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets.make changes or add something where necessary.?(共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)?29. she has coffee with sugar, __________(she)??30. __________ (not lets) go out until after the rain.?31. your politics __________ (seem) to be at variance with mine.?32. all __________ (england) was excited at the victory in the battle fields.?33. ill go in franks car and you can go in __________ (alan).?34. we __________ (finish) the job by the time you come back.?35. what are you talking about? you __________ (disturb) the class.?36. they __________ (negotiate) for three hours now andneither party seems to be willing to compromise.?37. you want to spend so much money on it? if i were you, i__________ (not do) that.?38. you __________ (not carry) the parcel home. the shopwould have delivered it if you had asked.?39. i dont know __________ (ask) the question or not.?40. he appeared well __________ (prepare) for the tv debate.?41. the more friends you have, __________ (little time) youll have to see them.?42. __________ (long) i can stay is three hours.?第 3 页43. a good teacher must be neither too strict nor too weak; his manner must __________ (lie) these two.?44. time lost through illness __________ (amount) 50 working days last year.?45. the picking of the fruit, __________ (which) work they receive no money, takes about a week.46. ten percent of the teachers __________ (not have) thenecessary certificate.?47. - have you met our german neighbours??-are they __________ (one) who moved here recently??48. - is he the fight person for the job??- i __________ (not believe).?三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)?correct one error in each of the following sentences.?49. linguistics is a scientific study of the language.?50. im sorry i dont know when he comes. ill tell you about it as soon as he comes.?51. can the ship get seen on the horizon??52. may there be life on mars??53. having missed the final examination, the teacher gave mea failing grade.?54. take it easy. you know the effect of the drug will wear off four hours later.?55. it is a fact that i almost drowned makes me very careful about water safety whenever i go.?56. when a pearl is cut in half and examined under a microscope, but its layers can be seen.?57. he denied seeing the murder suspect, that turned out to be true.?58. late the son has been staying out lately.?59. no sooner he had asked the question than the answer came to him.?60. — maggie had a wonderful time at the party.?— so had she and so did i.?四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分)?rewrite the following sentences as required.?61. using an intensifier:?no one on the committee supported my plan.?62. using a question tag:?everybody knows what he has to do.?63. using a proper modal auxiliary:?it is possible that the chair will accept your proposal if you put it in the right way.?64. using a non-finite form:?she stood up so that she could be seen better.?65. using a relative clause:?my boss is an incredibly boring person. his predecessor was not a boring person at all.?第 4 页66. using a disjunct:?it is natural that she will take after her mother.?67. using an adjunct:?he ran away. he is afraid to be seen.?68. using a relative clause:?this is the only one of the many houses here. this was destroyed by the earthquake.?69. using passive voice:?i dont mind you criticizing me.?70. using extraposition:?you will feel listening to him talk boring.?71. using discontinuity:?he is the only student who applies for financial aid in this school.?72. using an appropriate cohesive device:?i learned to speak english early in life. i had to learn english early in life.?五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分)?answer the following questions.?73. if tense is related to time, what is aspect related to??74. explain the three principles of concord with examples.?第5 页【篇二：03年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校】p class=txt>一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)choose the best answer from the choices given:1. a:“i hope you will be ready to leave on time. ”b: “dont worry. ill be ready by the time the taxi (). ”a. arrivingb. arrivesc. will arrived. will have arrived2. when i reached the peak, the sun ().a. shoneb. shinesc. has shoned. was shining3. the task force is supposed ().a. to be getting reinforcedb. that to be getting reinforcedc. to being got reinforcedd. that been got reinforced4. a new hypothesis () before it can be put into practice.a. must be testedb. be testedc. can be testedd. to be tested5. i dont think she meant () you.a. hurtb. to hurtc. hurtingd. be hurt6. i keep fit () playing tennis every day.a. byb. onc. ford. in7. ___arrived ___ she started complaining. ()a. hardly had he… whenb. hardly he had... whenc. he hardly ...thand. hardly had he... than8. a:“() did she see the doctor?”b:“she saw the doctor twice a month. ”a. howb. how many timesc. how longd. how often9. ____gone to sleep __ the telephone rang once more.a. no sooner he had... thanb. no sooner had he... whenc. no sooner had he... thand. no sooner he had... when10. a:“what will you be doing in the summer?”b:“ () english in a high school”.a. to learnb. learningc. will be learningd. will learn11. is this the first time you () tokyo?a. have visitedb. would visitc. visitedd. have been visiting12. the information was later admitted () from ueliable sources.a. to be retrievedb. to have been retrievedc. that it has been retrievedd. that it was retrieved13. for a child to give up his less mature idea for a more sophisticated one, it requires that the child (psychologically ready for the new idea.a. isb. bec. wered. would be14. john used to get up early, ()?a. used heb. did hec. didnt hed. would be15. where are you going to have the tv set ()?a. repairb. repairingc. repairedd. to repair16. although mary was very successful in sales, her bosspassed her by () a promotion.a. forb. inc. withd. through17. any boy () wants to succeeed must work hard.a. whomb. whoc. whichd. that18. my brother is a good businessman, () i am not.a. whob. whomc. whichd. that19. () that the voters approve the funds， we will have a new park in our town.)a. givingb. givenc. supposingd. supposed20. ___ i worked hard at school, i ___ this kind of work now. ()a. had... wouldnt have doneb. had.. wouldnt be doingc. if... wouldnt dod. if... wouldnt be doingⅡ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, seriesa. a _____ of musiciansb. a___ of lectures22. board, bunch, choir, packet, partya. a ______ of guestsb. a______ of keys23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall besome money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.24. seem, seems, me, i, mineyour politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.25. less, less of, than, as, likemr. smith is _____ a politician ______ mr. lee.26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, likejohn is as _____ a fool _____ bill.27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall bea. that she is still alive ______ sheer luck.b. neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.28. have, has, had, will have, shall havea. she is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.b. this is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.Ⅲ. 填空题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)fill in the blanks with a question tag:29. turn on the light,_____________?30. lets go to the park this afternoon, _____________?fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given:31. it is recommended that a lawyer _____________(be) present when you begin to negotiate the terms in the contract.32. it is only typical of you. you _____________(always lose)things.33. if you favor _____________(work) on night shift, you may sign up here.34. he felt very _____________(depress) when he heard the story.35. several strikers who _____________(imprison) for demonstration were set free yesterday.36. mary negotiates _____________ (skillfully) than her boss.37. we had _____________ (fun) than we did last time.fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition:38. he is expected to arrive _____________ christmas.39. the boys were all lying _____________ the floor.40. when money is _____________ short supply many businesses fail.41. father doesnt want to let us go, but i know i can get_____________him.fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun:42. he laughs best _____________ laughs last.43. she is married to a man _____________ she believes both makes a lot of money and loves her.44. dr. fordham still talks like the man _____________ he was ten years ago.fill in the blanks with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:45. _____________ he does is often at variance with what he says.46. _____________you go, i go too.fill in the blanks with an assertive, non-assertive or negative word:47. we have interviewed several applicants, but_____________ is really qualified for the job.48. ive _____________ in all my life seen such a big animal.Ⅳ. 改错题(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)correct errors in the following sentences:49. his books are wonderful. ive read any one of them.50. ive got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.51. none of my parents are interested in my idea.52. the old woman had to stop and rest each two or three steps.53. she is too polite person to refuse.54. it was so warm day that i could hardly work.55. how much of job would it be to rebuild the garage?56. between ourselves, i think shes a bit of fool.Ⅴ. 改写句子(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)rewrite the following sentences as required:57. turn the following statement into a tag question:we all had a wonderful time at the party last night.58. turn the following sentence into the passive voice:according to them, only two tribes used to speak the ancient language of aramaic.59. use modal auxiliary:they were obliged to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due.60. use-ed participle as a complement:he felt that his spirit was lifted after hearing the news.61. combine sentences using subordination:john decided to renew the lease on his new york apartment. he was growing tried of city life.62. combine sentences using coordination andsubordination: new hampshire does not have a general sales tax. it does not have an income tax either. it is the only state that does not have either tax.63. combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:she was afraid people would consider her conceited. she was actually not conceited at all.64. write a counter-factual conditional based on the given facts:you lived far away. thats why we didn’t visit you frequently.65. use discontinuity:excessive exposure to violence on tv is more harmful than expected to children.66. use fronting:he plunged into the tumultuous water just to show off to the girls.67. use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:check out the weather at your destination. if you do not check out the weather at you destination, things can be very embarrassing.68. use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:to guard against lost luggage, buy brightly coloured luggage or wrap bags with a belt so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.69. use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:a:john is going to marry susan once he gets consent from her parents.b:in that case,john shouldnt be quarrelling with her parents all the time.Ⅵ. 名词解释(本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分)define the following terms with examples:70. non-epistemic modal auxiliary71. define “ellipsis” with two examples.Ⅶ. 简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)answer the following questions with the help of examples:72. list 2 situations in which simple present is used to refer to the past.73. what kind of grammatical functions can the-ed participle perform?(give at least two kinds)74. provide examples to illustrate the major types of postponement2003年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题参考答案i．单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1.b2.d3.a4.a5.b6.a7.a8.d9.c10.b 11.a 12.b13.b 14.c15.c 16.a17.b18.c 19.b20.bii.选择填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）21．band; series 22.party;bunch 23.is are24.seem;mine 25.less of ;than26.much of ;as27.is ;was28.has ;haveiii.填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）29．will you /won’t you30.shall we31.be 32.are always losing 33.working 34.depressed35.had been imprisoned 36.more skillfully37.more fun38.at/on 39.on 40.in41.round 42.who 43.who 44.that/who 45.what 46.wherever47.none48.neveriv,改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）49．his books are wonderful .i’ve read every one of them.50.i’ve got five brothers ,and each of them is quite different from the others.51.neither of my parents are/is interested in my idea.52.the old woman had to stop and rest every two or three steps .53.she is too polite a person to refuse.54. it was so warm a day that i could hardly work.55. how much job would it be to rebuild the garage?56.between ourselves, i think she’s a bit fool.v.改写句子（本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分）57．you all had a wonderful time at the party last night ,didn’t you?58.the ancient language of aramaic is said to have been spoken only among two tribes.59.they had to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due.60. he felt his spirit after hearing the news.61. john decided to renew the lease on his new york apartment even though he was growing tired of city life.62. new hampshire is the only state that does not have eithera general sales tax or an income tax.63. she was afraid people would consider her conceited, which she was actually not.64. if you hadnt lived so far away, we would have visited youmore frequently.65. excessive exposure to violence on tv is more harmful to children than expected.66. into the tumultuous water he plunged just to show off to the girls.67 if not, things can be very embarrassing.68 so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own.69. in that case, he shouldnt be quarrelling with them all the time.vi．名词解释（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）70. as opposed to epistemic modal auxiliary, non-epistemic modal auxiliary is not concerned with the speakers assumption or assessment of probability.71. the basic principle of ellipsis is leaving out something understood and hence produces incomplete sentences with such a structure as to presuppose a preceding item. ellipsis, somehow like substitutions, sets up cohesion on the basis of structural recoverability with reference to the linguistic context here are three types of ellipsis:a. nominal: why give me two cups of coffee?. i only asked for one.b. verbal: a: have you seen him before?b: yes, i have (seen him before),c. clausal: a: will it rain tomorrow?b: perhaps ( it will rain tomorrow).vii．简答题（本大题共3小题,每小题2分，共6分）72. simple present is used to refer to the past in situations such as (!) newspaper headlines, (2)photographic captions, (3) stage directions and, (4) utterances with verbs ofcommunications.73. part of the verb phrase to form the perfective aspect or the passive voice, premodifier in thenoun phrase; postmodifier as a subject complement or an object complement.74. a. passive voice:the rain destroyed the flowers. the flowers were destroyed by the rain.b. extraposition:to spit at people is not funny. --- it is not funny to spit at people.c. discontinuity:sire is the only girl who can play the guitar in my class.--- she is the only girl m my class who can play the guitar.【篇三：09年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校】class=txt>一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letters a, b, c or d in the brackets.1.——did you hear what she said? ( )——well, i heard her say something, but i ______. so i dont know exactly what she said.a. would not listenb. were not listening2. when i got to the top of the mountain, the sun ______. ( )a. shoneb. shines3. the building suddenly collapsed while it ______ down. ( )a. pulledb. had been pulled4. most of my saving ______ in stocks. ( )c. have investedd. have been invested5. the manager insisted that the chief engineer ______ testing the new model immediately. （）c. startedd. will start6. great as newton was, many of his principles ______ and modified by contemporary scientists today. ( )a. are to challengeb. may be challenged7. mary ______ have been invited to the party, but she wasnt.c. cand. would8. mr. smith isnt here yet. i think he ______ about the meeting.a. should have forgotb. ought to forget9. , it was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you really ______ it.a. neednt dob. shouldnt have done10. i couldnt help ______ when i saw that. ( )a. laughb. laughed11. i saw lying on his doormat a letter ______ to him from the u.s.a. ( )c. to addressd. being addressed12. the key ______ the puzzle will be given in tomorrows paper. ( )a. ofb. for13. the surgeon was expected to finish the operation ______ noon. ( )c. tilld. on14. what was it ______ caused the forest fire? ( )c. thisd. whom15. this is the school ______ i studied for six years. ( )c. whend. whom16. his sister, ______ you met at the airport yesterday, is a famous basketball player. ( )c. whichd. when17. she would stay with her parents ______ .( )a. for a couple of days once a month after she got marriedc. after she got married for a couple of days once a monthd. once a month after she got married for a couple of days18. all the applicants will be assessed ______ an interview.( )c. by the way ofd. by the method of19. ______ my bank lent me the money, i would have boughta new house.( )c. bed. would20. ______ guilty, id rather be tried in florida.( )a. whenb. as二、选择填空题 (本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.21. were, was, had, animal, animals22. has, have, its, their, theirs23. more, more of, most, as, like, than24. qualified, a teacher; qualifying, teachers; qualify, teaching25. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be26. have, has, had, will have, shall have27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be, has, have, had28. physics, gentry, binoculars, bronchitis, bacteria, stimulus三、填空题 (本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase.a. fill in the blank with assertive, non-assertive or negative words:30. ——id like some more cheese.——international events.b. fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:distillation unit.and now it is celebrated mostly as a childrens day.psychologically, mackenzie returned to britain to get ready for his next journey.c. fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition:d. fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun or adverb:members.e. fill in the blank with the proper form of the adjective given:f. fill in the blank with the adjectives in brackets in correct order:四、改错题 (本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. dont use your plate as ashtray. →50. julie spent the all of the summer at home. →51. wh ole london was talking about her affairs. →52. both of children have gone to bed. →53. have you heard this new idea of the boss? → 54. shes gota parrot on the shoulder. → 55. —can you come on monday or tuesday?—im afraid either day is possible. →56. sh e got married at st. joseph. →五、改句 (本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)rewrite the following sentences as required.a. turning the following imperative into the yes-no question form:57. bring me some paper please.→ would you please bring me some paper?b. using a modal auxiliary:58. it is not even barely possible that he made that mistake.→ he could not have made that mistake.c. using the nonfinite verb form:59. when the reports arrived, we began to assess them.→ reports having arrived, …d. using extraposition:60. to see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes breaks my heart.→e. using passive voice:61. all the students who are applying for the government loan must observe this rule.→ f. combining the two sentences by using subjuncti ve mood: 62. she has little knowledge about the country. but she talked in a way that made people believe the country. → she talked as if she had much knowledge about the country.g. combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:63. he tried many companies. they all rejected his application.→ … but …64. it rained heavily last night. all the flowers are gone.→ h. combining the two sentences by using a relative clause: 65. philip bought an english-chinese dictionary last week. he found it very useful.→ philip found the english-chinese dictionary that he bought last week very useful.66. heavy storms occurred in the area this summer. it caused serious damage to the crops.→i. rewrite the following sentences using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:67. if you travel often, keep a collection of necessities pre-packed. keeping a collection of necessities pre-packed will give you time to pare the nonessentials.→ … that will give you…68. i inherited these skills from my father. those skills have been put to the test.→ …and those skills have been…69. i learned to pack light early in life. i had to pack light early in life.→六、名词解释 (本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分)define the following terms with examples.70. predicative modal auxiliarymodal auxiliary which is in a use indicating speakers assumption or assessment of probability.71. anaphoric referenceanaphoric reference is used to retreive information from the foregoing context.七、简答题 (本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)answer the following questions.72. what is the system of two tenses and two aspects?answer: two tenses are past tense and present tense; two aspects are perfect aspect and progressive aspect.73. what are the senses conveyed in the premodifying-ed participles?answer: if the verb is transitive, its premodifying-ed participle convey the sense of passiveness orcompleteness or both; if the verb is intrnasitive, its premodifying-ed participle convey only the sense of completeness.74. what is given information and what is new information?answer: the given information is what is assumed to be familiar to the receiver, while the new information is what is assumed to be unfamiliar to the receiver.。

2011年专四语法词汇真题51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ___ he was fifteen years ago.A whichB whomC whoD that解析：考查定语从句。

由于先行词是the man, 可排除A。

分析句子结构，关系代词在从句中作表语时，只能用that 引导定语从句。

故选D。

拓展定语从句关系代词的只能用that的情况（参见2009年56题答案详解及相关资料）52 Which of the following sentence is a COMMAND?A Beg your pardon.B Have a good time.C Never do that again.D What noise you are making!解析：考查句子含义。

A “请在重复一遍”表请求；Ｂ“玩得开心。

”表示祝愿。

Ｃ“再别做那事了”是一个命令句。

Ｄ“你在制造噪音！”是感叹句，表示抱怨。

53 Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?A . She said if for fun, but others took her seriously.B . For all its efforts, the team didn’t win the match.C . Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D . He set out for Beijing yesterday.解析：考查介词短语的含义和用法。

A 中“for fun”“为了娱乐”，是目的短语。

B中“for all its efforts”“尽管付出了很多的努力”，是让步短语，for 相当于in spite of; C中for twenty years, “20年”，是时间短语；D中“for Beijing”“去北京”，是地点短语。