time-domain airborne

第43卷第1期物探化探计算技术Vol.43No.1 2021年1月COMPUTING TECHNIQUES FOR GEOPHYSIC A L AND GEOCHEMIC A L EXPLORATION Jan.2021文章编号：1001-1749(2021)01-009106直升机大功率时间域（TEM）航空电磁系统简介及在勘查多金属矿床上的应用卢俊丰，纪福山（中国冶金地质总局地球物理勘查院，保定071051）摘要：国内在大功率时间域航空电磁法的应用上，还不像航空磁测、航空放射性测量那样普及，起步也较晩，由于历史原因目前技术尚不成熟，大家对其设备、飞行方法、数据采集等方面了解的还不是很多。

这里介绍了TS—150型时间域航空电磁系统的设备组成、发射机原理、系统工作的原理、系统中的补偿原理、采集数据的取样方式、数据的记录单位、系统的测量噪声及测线飞行测量结果的nT/s平面色阶图、测线剖面nT/s异常图的初步解释推断等内容，并进行了实验验证。

关键词：航空电磁系统；吊挂系统；电磁补偿；取样率；测量噪声；数据记录单位中图分类号：P631.3文献标志码：A DOI：10.3969力.issn.1001-1749.2021.01.120引言2013年10月，中国冶金地质总局地球物理勘查院（勘查院）引进了加拿大BECI—胜利勘查公司生产的TS—150型大功率时间域航空电磁系统。

在内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗野外现场顺利通过了各项技术指标的验收，并及时投入了内蒙古敖包吐试验区和1017高地试验区多金属矿1：10 000大比例尺的航空电磁法测量工作。

由此，勘查院的航空物探测量能力有了极大的提升，有能力开展大比例尺勘查多金属硫化物矿床的飞行测量工作，拓宽了航空物探工作的领域，更经济、更精准、更快速的为矿山勘查服务。

利用该套设备，勘查院于2016年和2018年又分别完成了新疆白石头泉一带航空TEM测量和安徽怀远一蒙城一带航空TEM测量任务，取得了令人满意的测量效果。

第3卷第4期2006年8月工程地球物理学报CHIN ESE J OU RNAL OF EN GIN EERIN G GEOP H YSICSVol 13,No 14Aug 1,2006文章编号:1672—7940(2006)04—0265—09航空时间域电磁法测量系统:回顾与前瞻张昌达作者简介:张昌达(1933—),男,教授,湖北武汉市人,主要从事应用地球物理的研究工作。

E 2mail :ZZX33318@tom 1com (中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院,武汉　430074)摘　要:本文首先回顾了20世纪70年代参与研究开发中国第一套航空时间域电磁法系统感应脉冲瞬变航电仪(M -1型脉冲式航电仪)的情况。

然后比较详细地介绍目前世界上著名的4种固定翼飞机时间域电磁法观测系统和6种直升飞机时间域电磁法观测系统:GEO TEM ,M EGA TEM ,TEMPEST ,SPECTREM ;He 2li GEO TEM ,Explor H EM ,N EWTEM ,V TEM ,SKYTEM ,ORA GSTEM 。

提出了关于研究和开发我国航空时间域电磁法测量系统的建议。

关键词:航空时间域电磁法;M -1型脉冲式航电仪;M EGA TEM ;SPECTREM ;V TEM中图分类号:P631.325文献标识码:A 收稿日期:2006—05—26AIRBORNE TIME DOMAIN E LECTR OMAGNETICSSYSTEM :LOOK BACK AN D AHEADZHAN G Chang 2da(I nstitute of Geophysics and Geomatics ,China Universit y of Geosciences ,W uhan 430074,China )Abstract :In t his paper ,before all ot hers ,t he aut her looked back on participating in research and develop ment of fixed 2wing airborne time domain EM system airborne imp ulse elect ro 2magnetic system of type M1in China in 1970′s.After t hat ,four fixed 2wing airborne timedomain elect romagnetic systems and six helicopter time domain elect romagnetic systems have been reviewed in some details ,t hey are GEO TEM ,M EGA TEM ,TEM PEST ,SPECTREM ;Heli GEO TEM ,Explor H EM ,N EW TEM ,V TEM ,S KYTEM ,ORA GS stly severalsuggestions on R &D of A EM in China have been made.K ey w ords :airborne time -domain elect romagnetics ;airborne imp ulse elect romagnetic systemof type M1;M EGA TEM ;SPEC TREM ;V TEM1　引　言20世纪70年代作者在黑龙江地质局物探大队工作期间,黑龙江地质局和长春地质学院共同研究和开发了一种航空时间域电磁法系统感应脉冲瞬变航电仪(M 1型脉冲式航电仪)。

固定翼时间域航空电磁勘查系统研发进展胡平;李文杰;李军峰;孟庆敏;王绪本;陈晓东;刘莹莹【摘要】基于国产Y12IV型轻型固定翼飞机平台,开展了专用飞机改装、大磁矩发射、三分量接收、海量数据实时收录等关键技术攻关,研制了具有完全自主知识产权的固定翼时间域航空电磁勘查系统样机;成功开展了半航空试验试飞,系统样机功能、性能等达到了世界先进水平.固定翼时间域航空电磁勘查系统研发取得关键进展.%This paper expounds the advances in the development of a novel prototype fixed-wing airborne time-domain electromagnetic system, including the research progress of the aircraft modification, high power transmitting, multi-component receiving, and real-time data logging. A semi-airborne field test on the ground transmitting and onboard receiving was carried out, and the result achieved the anticipated goal. Some of the key features of the FTEM system prototype have reached world advanced levels.【期刊名称】《地球学报》【年(卷),期】2012(033)001【总页数】6页(P7-12)【关键词】时间域航空电磁法;发射磁矩;多分量接收;飞机改装;半航空试验【作者】胡平;李文杰;李军峰;孟庆敏;王绪本;陈晓东;刘莹莹【作者单位】中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000;中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000;中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000;中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000;成都理工大学,四川成都610059;中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000;中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P631.325;P631.326固定翼时间域航空电磁法(Fixed-wing Airborne Time-domain Electromagnetic Methods,缩写为FTEM)具有探测深度大、测量精度高的技术特点,是我国急需的快速高效的大深度矿产勘查装备技术。

航空瞬变电磁（ATEM）响应中IP效应研究进展航空瞬变电磁法（Airborne Transient Electromagnetic，简称ATEM），又称时间域航空电磁法（Time-Domain Airborne Electromagnetic）属于航空电磁法的一种。

目前，方法已在国外被广泛应用于地质填图、矿产勘查、水文地质监测等领域。

具有如下几个特点：成本低、效率高和地形适应性强。

该方法特别适合大面积的普查工作，并且能够在地面难以进入的恶劣环境如森林、沙漠、沼泽、湖泊等地区开展地球物理测量工作。

航空电磁探测的根本目的是通过对测量的电磁场数据的分析来判断地下导电、导磁介质的分布状况。

因此，与地面的电磁法探测一样，航空电磁数据处理解释是一项相当重要的研究工作，同时，这也是一项非常复杂的工作，尤其是大规模测量数据的成像和反演。

目前，国内航空电磁法数值正演（研究特定地下电磁介质模型的电磁响应）和反演成像方面已经有了一些初步的研究，但是在时间域航空电磁法成像和反演解释方面，由于理论相对复杂，这方面的研究成果相对较少，主要集中在二维、三维正演模拟和一维反演与定性解释。

而在国外，因为技术相对成熟，研究的热点集中于三维正演和三维反演解释。

在数值模拟上，由于航空电磁法与其他的可控源电磁勘探方法釆用的技术方面没有实质性差异，区别只是在于测量装置、方式以及釆集参数方面。

尽管各类电磁法存在着这些差异，但不论釆用何种源与接受装置，经典电磁场所满足的方程组始终不变。

从数值方法求解方程组的角度出发，而不是局限于某一种具体的电磁勘探方法讨论，可能会更好地反映电磁场数值模拟（包括正演计算和反演成像）的规律与挑战。

国际上对航空瞬变电磁数值模拟的研究开展较早，20世纪60年代就有学者研究了时间域的理论响应，并进行了相应的仿真研究，到90年代已经实现了二、三维的正演模拟。

国内航空瞬变电磁法的发展较早，但由于各种条件的限制发展缓慢。

近些年，随着国家对航空物探的重视，航空电磁法的理论研究和仪器开发研制等多项项目已被列入国家重大科研项目中。

雷达英汉对照词库3COM 美国一家网络设备公司A/D Converter 模拟/数字(A/D)变换器Absolute error 绝对误差Acceptance Certificate 验收合格证Acceptance Procedure 交验大纲access 访问，存取，通路，入口access hatch 入口舱门accessory appliance 附属仪表Accuracy and Precision 精密度和准确度Active filter 有源滤波器Adaptation Control 适配控制Adaptation Data 适配数据Adaptation Data Generation 适配数据生成adaptation parameters 适配参数administrative distribution 行政区划Admittance 导纳AGC Controller 自动增益控制(AGC)控制器air ductwork 风道Air Force Base (AFB) 空军基地Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) 空中航线交通控制中心Air Traffic Control (ATC) 航空交通控制Air traffic control radar 空中交通控制雷达Air Traffic Control System 空中交通控制系统Air Weather Service (AWS) 空中气象服务Airborne radar 机载雷达aircraft hazard light 航警灯Alert Area 报警区Alert Notification 报警通知Alert Procedure 报警程序Alert Processing 报警处理Alert Threshold Criteria 报警门限值判据algorithm 算法Alphanumeric Display 字符显示Alphanumeric Product 字符产品altitude 高度ambient (outside ambient) 环境(外部环境) ambiguous (unambiguous) 模糊的 (不模糊的) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 美国国家标准协会American Standard Testing Methods (ASTM) 美国标准测试办法Amplitude pattern 幅度方向图Amplitude-modulated signal 调幅信号Analog signal 模拟信号Analog/Digital (A/D) 模拟/数字Analog-to-digital conversion 模－数变换Angular glint error 角起伏误差Antenna 天线Antenna electrical bore-sight 天线电轴Antenna gain 天线增益Antenna pattern 天线方向图Antenna pointing 天线指向Antenna power gain 天线功率增益Antenna Scanning Control 天线扫描控制Anti-wind capability 抗风能力apparatus 器具，仪表arc (arcing) 电弧（发弧，跳火）Archiving(archive mode) 存档(存档方式)Array antenna 阵列天线array products 陈列产品Artificial line (pulse form network) 人工线(脉冲形成网络) assembly (DAU assembly ) 部件(DAU组合)Atmospheric absorption loss 大气吸收损耗Atmospheric refraction error 大气折射误差Attenuation 衰减attenuator (attenuator circuit) 衰减器( 衰减器电路)Auto correlation function 自相关函数Auto Display 自动显示Automated Weather Distribution System (AWDS) 自动化天气分发系统Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) 自动测试设备Availability 可得性Average power 平均功率Axial ratio 轴比axis (elevation axis) 轴(俯仰轴)Azimuth/Range 方位/范围Background Map 背景地图Background Map Data 背景地图数据Balanced mixer 平衡混频器Band-width of antenna 天线带宽Base Product 基产品Base Reflectivity (R) 基本反射率Base Weather Station (BWS) 基本气象站Basin 流域batch (batch operation) 批(批作业，间歇作业，分批操作)Batch Waveform 批波形beam 波束Beam pointing error of a radome 天线罩波束指向误差beamwidth 波束宽度bias 偏置bin(bin accumulation average) 库(库累计平均)binary data 二进制数据bit (dummy bit) 比特（虚比特）Blind spot 阵中盲点Blind zone 盲区boresight shift 引入波束偏差Breakdown 击穿Built In Test Equipment (BITE) 内置测试设备bull gear 大齿轮bus (bus coupler) 总线（总线耦合器）byte(dummy byte) 字节（虚字节）（1字节=8比特）cabinet (power cabinet) 机柜 (电源机柜)Calibrated error 标定误差Calibration 标定Cavity resonator 谐振腔center feed way 中心馈电方式Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU) 中心气象服务单元Central Weather Processor (CWP) 中心气象处理器certification 合格证Change Adaptation Data 改变适配数据Characteristic impedance 特性阻抗China Next Generation Weather Radar (CINRAD) 中国下一代天气雷达CINRAD Technical Requirements (CTR) CINRAD技术要求Circular flexible waveguide 圆形软波导Circular waveguide 圆波导Circulator 环形器clear air (clear air echo) 晴空 (晴空回波)Clear Air Mode 晴空模式closed-loop control 闭环控制clutter 杂波（杂乱回波，地物干扰）clutter cancellation 地物对消Clutter Filter 杂波滤波器Clutter Map 杂波图Clutter Suppression 杂波抑制Clutter-related Estimate Errors 与杂波有关的估值误差Coaxial cable 同轴电缆Coaxial Delay Line 同轴延迟线Coaxial filter 同轴滤波器Coaxial Load 同轴负载Coaxial rotary joint 同轴旋转关节Coaxial switch 同轴开关Coaxial-waveguide Transformer 同轴波导变换器coding 编码设计coherent 相干，相干性Coherent Oscillator 相干振荡器Coherent receiver 相干接收机Cold startup 冷启动Color Graphic Display 彩色图形显示Color Graphic Monitor 彩色图形监视器Color Level 颜色级别Comb filter 梳状滤波器Combined Moment (CM) 综合谱矩Combined Shear (CS) 综合切变Combined Shear Contour (CSC) 综合切变等值线Common Data Processor (CDP) 公共数据处理器Communication Status Window 通讯状态窗口Communications 通讯compatible 相兼容的Complex signal 复信号Component 元件，成员Composite Reflectivity (CR) 组合反射率因子Composite Reflectivity Contour (CRC) 组合反射率因子等值线Computer Program Component (CPC) 计算机程序部件Computer Program Configuration Item (CPCI) 计算机程序配置项Computer software 计算机软件Concentricity 同心度concept 原理Concurrent 并行/美国计算机公司名字Configuration 布局,配置Configuration Control Board (CCB) 配置控制板Configuration Item (CI) 配置项目Configuration Management System (CMS) 配置管理系统confirmation 证明Conical horn 圆锥喇叭connector 插座、连接器Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI) 等高平面位置显示constant value line 等值线Consultative Committee for International Telegraph国际电报电话顾问委员会（ITU 国际电信组织）and Telephone (CCITT)Continuous operating time 连续工作时间Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL) 合同资料要求清单Control Adapter 控制适配器control specification 控制规程convection rain 对流性降水convergence 复合converter/transformer 变压器Convolution 卷积Correlation function 相关函数corrosion resistant 抗腐蚀Coupler 耦合器Coverage 覆盖criterion (criteria, pl.) 标准，判据（复数）critical 关键性的Critical Design Review (CDR) 关键设计评审Cross polarization level 交叉极化电平Cross Section 剖面Cross-polarization loss 交叉极化损失Crystal Detector 晶体检波器Cursor Control 光标控制Cursor Readout 光标请示Cut-off frequency 截止频率Cut-off wavelength 截止波长Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) 数据电路终接设备Data Entry Device 数据输入设备data link layer 数据链路层Data processing 数据处理Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) 数据终端设备dead limit 死限位debug 调试decimal 小数的，十进制的default (default value) 缺省(缺省值)default Center 缺省偏心default Color 缺省颜色defolding 退模糊degrade 降级Degree of coupling 耦合度Depolarization 去极化derived (derived products generation) 二次的 (二次产品生成) Derived Data Array Products 二次数据陈列产品Derived Product 二次产品design mission document 设计任务书destination 终点Detection probability 发现概率development of prototype 样机开发（第一套产品开发）diagnose 诊断Diagnostic Techniques 诊断技术diameter 直径differential 差动Digital filter 数字滤波器Digital Radar Experiment (D/RADEX) 数字雷达试验Digital signal 数字信号Digital/Analog (D/A) 数字/模拟Digital-to-analog conversion 数－模变换dimension (two-dimension) 维 (二维) Directional Coupler 定向耦合器Discrepance = discrepancy 差异Dispersion 色散Display Annotation 显示注释dissipation(feed string dissipation) 损耗 (馈线损耗) divergence 辐散document attached 附属文件domain(time domain) 域(时域)Doppler radar 多普勒雷达Doppler signal 多普勒信号Doppler Waveform 多普勒波形Doppler Weather Radar 多普勒气象雷达Double T-junction 双T接头drainage (drainage basin) 排水(流域)drop-size distribution 滴谱分布Dummy Load 假负载Duplexer, duplex 天线收发开关, 双向的duration (test duration) 持续时间 (测试期限) duty cycle 占空度比Dynamic lag error 动态滞后误差Dynamic Range 动态范围E Plane Waveguide Bend E弯波导echo 回波Echo Tops (ET) 回波顶Echo Tops Contour (ETC) 回波顶等值线Echo-box 回波箱Edit Bar 编辑工具条Effective area of an antenna 天线的有效面积Effective radiation power (E.R.P) 有效辐射功率EICON 加拿大网络软件公司Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 电磁兼容性Electromagnetic Environment 电磁环境Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) 电磁干扰Electromagnetic Interference Shielding 电磁干扰屏蔽electromagnetic wave 电磁波Electronic Institute of America (EIA) 美国电气学会Electronic scanned antenna 电扫描天线elevation 仰角Elliptical flexible waveguide 椭圆软波导Elliptical waveguide 椭圆波导Emissions（conducted）发射（传导性）Emissions（Radiated）发射（辐射性）encoder 编码器Enroute Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) 飞行途中气象状态报告服务Environmental conditions 环境条件Environmental Data Information Service (EDIS) 环境数据信息服务Equiphase surface 等相位面Estimation 估值Ethernet 以太网evaluate 估测evolution 演变Exciter 激励器Expandability 可扩充性fabricate 建造，装配，组装facility 设备False alarm probability 虚警概率false color code 伪彩色编码Far-field region 远场区Fast Fourier transform 快速傅利叶变换Fault Alarm System (FAS) 故障报警系统fault isolation 故障隔离Fault Localization 故障定位Fault Monitoring 故障监测Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 联邦航空署Federal Committee for Meteorological Services and联邦气象服务与研究委员会Supporting Research (FCMSSR)Feed 馈电Feed Line 馈线Ferrite phase shifter 铁氧体移相器Fiber Optic 光纤fiber optic up box 光纤上端盒filament 灯丝filter (power filter) 滤波器 (电源滤波器) Filter/combine滤波/合并Firmware 固件fixture 工装（测试组合）flange 法兰盘flash floods 暴涨洪水Flexible Waveguide 软波导Flight Service Data Processing System (FSDPS) 飞行服务数据处理系统FLIGHT Service Station (FSS) 飞行服务站flood monitoring and forecast 洪水监视及预报flow chart 流程图fluctuation 涨落flyback 逆程Focal distance 焦距Focus 聚焦focus coil 聚焦线圈Formal Qualification Test (FQT) 正式质量合格测试format layer 格式层Forward/Backward 向前/向后frame 帧Free space wavelength 自由空间波长Free Text Message (FTM) 自由文本信息Frequency 频率Frequency Generator 频率产生器Frequency range 频率范围Frequency stability 频率稳定度Frequency Synthesizer 频率综合器Frequency-modulated signal 调频信号Fresnel region 菲涅尔区Full Scale Development (FSD) 满量程开发function (performance) 功能（性能）Fundamental mode 主模Fungus 霉菌Gain 增益gasket 密封垫（圈）gate 门 / 重合（脉冲选通）线路Gaussian white noise 高斯白噪声gearbox oil level 齿轮箱油位generator 产生器，发电机（油机）Geographic Coverage 地理覆盖范围Graphic Card 图形卡Graphic Display/Text Display 图形显示/文本显示Graphics Processor 图形处理器Gray/Color 灰度/彩色Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) 格林威治平均时间Ground Clutter Suppression 地物杂波抑制Grounding 接地grounding check 接地检查Group velocity 群速Guard Band IF 保护带中频Guard Band Video 保护带视频Guide wavelength 波导波长gust (rain gust) 阵风 (暴雨) gyrate (flow gyrate) 旋转(气流旋转) H Plane Waveguide Bend H弯波导hail 冰雹Hail Index (HI) 冰雹指数Half-power beam-width (3dBbean-width) 半功率点波瓣宽度Hard Copy Device 硬拷贝设备Hardware Signal Processor 硬件信号处理器harmonic 谐波Harmonic Filter 谐波滤波器hazardous weather 灾害性天气headers 信息头Hermetic window 密封窗Higher-order mode 高次模horizontal 水平Horizontal Polarization 水平极化Horn 喇叭HUB 网络集线器humidity 湿度hurricane 飓风Hurricane Center (HC) 飓风中心Hybrid junction 电桥hydrology 水文学IF Attenuator 中频衰减器IF frequency 中频频率Image 图象Image rejection 镜频抑制Impedance 阻抗Impedance match 阻抗匹配Impedance match of antenna 天线阻抗匹配Impedance taper 渐变式阻抗变换器Impedance transformer 阻抗变换器Improvement factor(IF) 改善因子inhibit 禁止，抑制inhomogeneity 不均匀性Initial Operating Capability (IOC) 初始操作能力initiation 初始化inoperable 不能工作Input impedance 输入阻抗Input impedance of an antenna 天线输入阻抗Insertion loss 插入损耗Insertion phase of a radome 天线罩插入相移Insertion phase shift 插入相移inspection report 检验报告Installation and Checkout (I&C) 安装和检查Instantaneous automatic gain control (IAGC) 瞬时自动增益控制Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) 仪表飞行规则integrate 集成intensify 强化，加强interconnection 互连interface 界面，接口Interface Control Document (ICD) 接口控制文件interference 干扰Interference Detector 干扰检测器Interim Operational Test Facility (IOTF) 临时操作测试设备interlock 联锁Intermediate frequency 中频Intermediate frequency amplifier 中频放大器Intermediate frequency signal 中频信号International Standards Organization (ISO) 国际标准组织interpolation (bilinearity interpolation) 插值 (双线性插值) Interval 间隔invoke 调用Isolation 隔离Isolator 隔离器isotropy 各向同性Joint Doppler Operational Project (JDOP) 联合多普勒工作计划Joint Operational Requirements （JOR）联合工作要求Joint Program Development Plan (JPDP) 联合程序开发计划Joint System Program Office (JSPO) 联合系统项目办公室Joint Venture (JV) 合资公司junction box 接线盒Kalman filter 卡尔曼滤波器Klystron 速调管ladder kit 梯子latch 锁定latitude 纬度（线）Latitude/Longitude 纬度/经度layer (freezing layer, melting layer) 层 (冻结层，融化层) Layer Composite Reflectivity 分层组合反射率因子Layer Composite Turbulence 分层组合湍流layout 布线图level 电平LFM Grid 有限网格Life Cycle Cost (LCC) 生命周期价格Lightning 闪电lightning storm 雷暴Limited Production (LP) 小批量生产linear 线性Linear Channel 线性通道Linear Polarization 线性极化link 链接Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB) 链路访问规程（平衡形）Load 负载Load impedance 负载阻抗lobe (pencil lobe) 瓣 (笔形瓣)Local area network (LAN) 局域网Local Data base 本地数据库Local Oscillator 本地振荡器Local Product Storage 本地产品存储Log File 日志文件logarithm 对数Logarithm Channel 对数通道logarithm IF amplifier dynamic range 对数中放动态范围Logarithmic intermediate frequency amplifier 对数中频放大器Logistics 后勤Long Lead Item (LLI) 长期领导项目longitude (east longitude) 经度(东经）Loop 动画显示Loop Bar 动画工具条Loop Monitoring 环路检测Loop Rate 动画速率Low Noise Amplifier 低噪声放大器Lowest Replaceable Unit (LRU) 最小可更换单元low-loss 低损耗M.O.P.A. transmitter 主振放大式发射机Magic-T 魔TMagnification 放大Main (major) lobe 主瓣Main (major) lobe beam-width 主瓣宽度Maintainability 可维护性Maintenance 维护malfunction (malfunction alarming) 故障 (故障告警) manpower 人力，劳动力manual 手册，人工的，手动的Manual Product Display Selection 手工选择产品显示Map Foreground/Background 地图前景/背景Maps Off 移走地图Maps Set 地图集Master Cursor 主光标Matched Filter 匹配滤波器Matched load 匹配负载matrix 矩阵Maximum (MAX) 最大Maximum detection range 最大检测距离Maximum Downtime (MDT) 最大停机时间Mean Radial Velocity (V) 基本平均径向速度Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) 平均故障间隔时间Mean Time Between Visits (MTBV) 平均访问间隔时间Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) 平均修复时间mean-square error 均方误差Mechanical axis 机械轴Mechanical switch 机械转换开关Mesocyclone (M) 中尺度气旋Meteorological pulse-Doppler radar 气象脉冲多普勒雷达Meteorological radar 气象雷达metering 测量Microwave band-pass filter 微波带通滤波器Microwave band-stop filter 微波带阻滤波器Microwave Element 微波元件Microwave filter 微波滤波器Microwave high-pass filter 微波高通滤波器Microwave Line of Sight (MLOS) 视距微波传输Microwave low-pass filter 微波低通滤波器minimal reflectivity factor 最小反射率因子Minimum (MIN) 最小minimum detectable sensibility 最小可测灵敏度Minimum detectable signal-to-noise ratio 最小可检测信噪比Minimum Detection Capability and Dynamic Range 最小检测能力和动态范围Minimum detection range 最小检测距离Minor (side) lobe level 副瓣电平Mixer 混频器Mode 模式Modulating signal 调制信号Module 模块Module Characteristics 程序模块特性Module Communication 程序模块通讯moisture (moisture content) 潮气 (含水量)Monitoring and Error Detection Capability 监测和错误检测能力Monochrome 单色mount 安装，登上MTI radar 动目标显示雷达Multipath error 多路径误差Narrow band communication (NB) 窄带通信National Airspace Data Interchange Network国家空间数据交换网(NADIN)National Airspace System (NAS) 美国航空系统National Hurricane Center (NHC) 国家飓风中心（美）National Meteorological Center (NMC) 国家气象中心（美）National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration国家海洋与大气管理局（美）(NOAA)National Severe Storms Forecast Center (NSSFC) 国家暴雨预报中心（美）National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) 国家暴雨实验室（美）National Weather Service (NWS) 国家气象服务（美）NA V AID 航标Naval Environmental Display Station (NEDS) 海军环境显示工作站（美）Naval Oceanography Command (NOC) 海军海洋物理学司令部（美）Naval Oceanography Command Detachment海军海洋物理指挥支队（美）(NOCD)Near-field region 近场区Noise Figure 噪声系数noise mode 噪音模式Noise temperature of an antenna 天线噪声温度nominal value 标称值Non-recursive filter 非递归滤波器notch (passband notch) 槽口 (带通槽口)NRZ(no-return-to-zero) 不归零制Nyquist sampling theorem 尼奎斯特取样定理Off-center 偏心Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 管理预算办公室（美）Off-line Diagnostics 离线诊断On Job Training (OJT) 工作培训One Time Product Request 一次性产品请求One-Hour Precipitation Accumulation (OHP) 一小时累积降水量On-line Monitoring 在线监视Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 开放系统互连Operating frequency 工作频率Operating life 工作寿命Operational Mode 运行模式Operational Support Facility (OSF) 业务支持组织（美）Operations and Maintenance (O&M) 操作与维护Optic Cable 光缆Optic Transceiver 光收发器Oscilloscope 示波器Over-charge Regulator 过充电调节器Overlay Blink 迭加闪烁Overlay capability 叠加能力paint 绘画Paired Product 成对产品panel (circuit breaker panel) 面板 (断路器面板) Paraboloid (paraboloid reflector) 抛物面（抛物面反射体）Paraboloidal reflector antenna 抛物反射面天线parallel 并行的parity 奇偶性parts 零件Pattern distortion of a radome 天线罩波瓣图畸变Peak power 峰值功率Peak Request Rates 峰值请求Pedestal 天线座Pencil-beam antenna 笔形波束天线performance 性能Performance Monitoring 性能监测perturbation 扰动phase (phase noise) 相位 (相位噪声) Phase Detector 相位检波器Phase shifter 移相器Phase velocity 相速Phased array antenna 相控阵天线Phased-array radar 相控阵雷达Phase-modulated signal 调相信号pin connection 针连接PIN-diode switch PIN二极管开关Pixel 象素Pixel-by-Pixel 逐象素地Plan Position Indicator (PPI) 平面位置显示器Plane pattern of an antenna 天线平面方向图Plane wave 平面波Pointing (bore-sight) error of an antenna 天线指向误差polar coordinate 极坐标Polar Grid 极射网格Polarization 极化Polarization inclination 极化倾角Polarization loss 极化损耗Polarization of an antenna 天线极化Polarization resolver 极化分解器positioning resolution 定位分辨力power circuit breaker 电源断路器Power Fail Recovery 失电恢复power monitor 功率监视器Power-handling capacity 功率容量Preamplifier 前置放大器Precipitation Mode 降雨模式Precision = preciseness 准确性Preliminary Design Review (PDR) 初步设计评审prerequisite 先决条件，必须预先具备的Pre-select Filter 预选滤波器Preselector 预选器Pressure and Altitude 压力和高度pressure unit 压缩机pressurization 加压Protective Circuitry 保护电路preventive maintenance 预防性维修PRF(Pulse Recurrence Frequency) 脉冲重复频率Principal User 主用户Principal user processing 主用户处理Principal user processor 主用户处理器procedure 步骤，大纲Product Annotation and Distribution 产品注释与分发Product Available 产品可用Product Data File 产品数据文件Product Display 产品显示Product Distribution 产品分发Product Frequency 产品生成频率product generation 产品生成Product Off 移走产品Product Overlay 产品迭加Product Priority 产品优先级Product Request 产品请求Product Storage 产品存储Program Design Language (PDL) 程序设计语言Programmable Signal Processor 可编程信号处理器protocol 协议Pseudo-random signal 伪随机信号Pulse Form Network 脉冲形成网络Pulse- modulated signal 脉冲调制信号Pulse modulation 脉冲调制Pulse modulator 脉冲调制器Pulse power (peak power) 脉冲功率(峰值功率) Pulse radar 脉冲雷达Pulse Regulating 脉冲调节Pulse repetition cycle 脉冲重复周期Pulse Repetition Time (PRT) 脉冲重复时间Pulse Shaper 脉冲整形器Pulse Transformer 脉冲变压器Pulse Waveform 脉冲波形Pulse-Doppler radar 脉冲多普勒雷达Pulse-Doppler receiver 脉冲多普勒接收机PUP Text Message (PTM) 主用户处理器文本信息purchase specification 采购规范Quadrature channels 正交通道qualification 证明书Quality Assurance Department (QA dep.) 质保部quantitative estimate 定量估算Quantization 量化Quantizing noise 量化噪声Queued Product 队列产品R.F. envelope 射频包络R.F. leakage 射频泄漏R.F. pulse spectrum 射频脉冲频谱Radar 雷达Radar Coded Message (RCM) 雷达编码信息Radar counter- countermeasure(RCCM) 雷达抗干扰能力Radar Data Acquisition (RDA) 雷达数据采集Radar equation 雷达方程Radar measurement accuracy 雷达测量精密度Radar monitor and control 雷达监控Radar operating environment 雷达工作环境Radar Product Generation (RPG) 雷达产品生成Radar Report and warning Coordination Circuit雷达报告和报警电路(RAWARC)Radar resolution 雷达分辨力Radar Site 雷达站点Radar transmitter 雷达发射机radial (radial wind field distribution) 径向的 (径向风场分布) Radiation efficiency 辐射效率Radio Frequency (RF) 射频Radio Frequency Interference （RFI）射频干扰Radio frequency pulse width 射频脉冲宽度Radome 天线罩Rain Gage Data Acquisition Computer (RGDAC) 雨量器数据采集计算机Rainfall 降雨Random error 随机误差Random signal 随机信号Range 范围Range Height Indicator (RHI) 距离高度显示器Range Ring 距离圈ratio 比值RDA mode control RDA模式控制RDA Status and Control RDA状态及控制Real Property Installed Equipment (RPIE) 不动产安装设备Real signal 实时信号Real-time signal processing 实时信号处理Receiver 接收机Receiver dynamic range 接收机动态范围Receiver noise figure 接收机噪声系数Receiver noise temperature 接收机噪声温度Receiver Protector 接收机保护器Receiver sensitivity 接收机灵敏度Reciprocal of duty cycle 占空比例数Rectangular flexible waveguide 矩形软波导Rectangular Waveguide 矩形波导Rectangular-circular waveguide transformer 距圆波导变换器Recursive filter 递归滤波器Reflected power coefficient of a radome 天线罩功率反射系数Reflectivity 反射率Reflector antenna 反射面天线refracted index 折射指数Relative error 相对误差release 发布Reliability, Maintainability, Availability (RMA) 可靠性、可维修性和可利用性remote sensing 遥感Response time Requirements 响应时间要求Request for Proposal (RFP) 投标要求Research and Development (R&D) 研制和开发resistance 电阻Resolution 分辨率Resonant window 谐振窗Response Time 响应时间Retrieve Product 反演产品Return loss 回波损耗review (final review) 评审，（终审）revise 修改RF Amplifier 射频放大器RF Driver 射频驱动器RF Gate 射频选通RF Testing Signal 射频测试信号RF transmission loss 射频传输损失rigid structure 刚性结构River Basins 河流流域River Forecast Center (RFC) 河流预报中心（美）rivet 柳接Root-mean-square error 均方根误差Rotary Joint 旋转关节routine 程序例程，例行Routine Product 例行产品routing 路由RPS(Routine Product Set) 例行产品集RS232(RS-232C) 由EIA定义的串行接口电子与电缆链接特性的标Salt Fog 盐雾Sample Interval 采样间隔Sampling 采样Sand and Dust 沙和灰尘Scan range 扫描范围Scan Strategies 扫描策略Scanning speed 扫描速率scheme 计划Sealing section 密封节Selectivity 选择性Sensitivity Time Control (STC) 灵敏度时间控制serial port 串行口Serviceability 适用性servo subsystem 伺服分系统session 会话Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode (SABM) 设置异步平衡模式severe (severe weather) 灾害性 (灾害性天气，强天气)Severe Weather Analysis Products (SWA) 强天气分析产品Severe Weather Avoidance Program (SWAP) 恶劣天气预防办法Severe Weather Probability (SWP) 强天气概率shears (wind shears) 切变（风切变）shelter 方仓shield 屏蔽short circuit 短路sidelobe (far-area sidelobe) 旁瓣，付瓣 (远端付瓣)sign off 签收Signal 信号Signal design 信号设计Signal Generator 信号发生器Signal parameter 信号参数Signal power density spectrum 信号功率密度谱Signal processing 信号处理signal processor 信号处理器Signature Recognition 特征识别Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) 重要气象信息simulator 模拟器site 地点，现场的siting requirements 站点要求Slave Cursor 从光标slip ring 滑环, 汇流环Snow and Ice Load 冰雪载荷socket 插座，接线环Solar Radiation 太阳辐射solder 焊接source 源spare 备份specific 特定的specification 指标spectrum (spectrum width accuracy) 频谱（谱宽精密度）Spectrum Filter 频谱滤波器Spectrum width 谱宽Speed up/Speed down 加速/减速spherical coordinate 球坐标Spherical radome 球面天线罩Spherical wave 球面波Spot Blanking 消隐区squall (squall line) 飑 (飑线)square wave 方波stability 稳定度Stable Local Oscillator 稳定本振stagger repeat frequency 参差重复频率staggered (diversity) 参差Standard Hydrometeorological Exchange Format标准水文气象交换格式（美）(SHEF)Startup/Restart 启动/重启Statement of Work (SOW) 工作单Status Bar 状态条Status Data File 状态数据文件Status Information 状态信息Status Monitoring 状态监视Status Window 状态窗口Stepped impedance transformer 阶梯式阻抗变换器Storm Relative Mean Radial Velocity 风暴相对平均径向速度Storm Structure (SS) 风暴结构Storm Total Precipitation Accumulation (STP) 风暴总累积降水量Storm Tracking Information (STI) 风暴追踪信息stow pin 停止销strategy 策略Structured Design 结构设计Structured Programming 结构化程序设计subassemblies 部件subcontractor 关联厂，子承包商suppression (rejection) 抑制surge current 浪涌电流surveillance (surveillance mode) 警戒（警戒模式）Surveillance radar 警戒雷达Surveillance Waveform 警戒波形Susceptibility（conducted）敏感度（传导性）Susceptibility（Radiated）敏感度（辐射性）switching 切换sync. =synchronous 同步Synthetic aperture radar 合成孔径雷达SYSCAL 系统校准参数System Command Center (SCC) 系统指挥中心System Configuration 系统配置System error 系统误差System loss 系统损耗System sensitivity 系统灵敏度Target cross section 目标横截面Target model 目标模型Task 任务TCP/IP(Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) 传输控制协议/网际协议TE mode (wave) 横电场模式（波）Technical Development Plan (TDP) 技术开发计划TEM mode (wave) 横电磁模式（波）Temperature and Humidity 温度和湿度Test and Evaluation (T&E) 测试和评估Test logs 测试日志Test plans 测试计划Test Procedures 测试步骤Test reports 测试报告Test results 测试结果test-run 试运行Thermal noise 热噪声Thermal noise error 热噪声误差Three Hour Precipitation Accumulation (THP) 三小时累积降水量Threshold 阈值Threshold voltage 门限电压Tier 2 PUP 二级PUP用户Time Lapse Display 动画显示Time Lapse File 动画文件timing (timing signal checks) 定时(定时信号检查)，时序Titanium pump 钛泵T-junction T形接头TM mode (wave) 横磁模式（波）Tone 色调Tool Bar 工具条Tornadic V ortex Signature (TVS) 龙卷涡旋特征tornado 龙卷风Tracking radar 跟踪雷达Training 培训Transfer function 传递函数transformer 变压器transient 瞬变Transition Waveguide 过渡波导Transmission loss 传输损耗Transmitted power loss of a radome 天线罩发射损耗Transmitter efficiency 发射机效率Transmitter spurious noise 发射杂散噪声Transmitter(transmitted spectrum) 发射机 (发射频谱) Transmitting frequency 发射频率Transportability 可移植性Trigger Gate 触发选通trigger(trigger amplifier) 触发（触发放大器）tropical (tropical cyclone) 热带的 (热带气旋) Tuner 调谐器Turbulence 湍流Twisted Waveguide 扭波导Unambiguous Range Coverage 无模糊覆盖范围uniformity 齐套性Unit Control Position (UCP) 单元控制台Unit Throughout 单元吞吐量updated 更新的Useful life 可用寿命User Alert Message (UAM) 用户报警信息User Function 用户功能utility 市电Velocity 速度Velocity Azimuth Display (V AD) 速度方位显示Velocity Azimuth Display Wind Profile (VWP) 速度方位显示的风廓线Velocity Coverage 速度覆盖Verify 核查vertical (vertical wind profile) 垂直 (垂直风廓线) Vertical Polarization 垂直极化Vertically Integrated Liquid (VIL) 垂直积分液态水Video amplifier 视频放大器Video signal 视频信号Visual Flight Rules (VFR) 目视飞行规则V oltage controlled crystal oscillator 压控晶体振荡器V oltage reflection coefficient 电压反射系数V oltage Standing Wave Ratio（VSWR）电压驻波比warranty period 保修期waterproof 防水Wave impedance 波阻抗Waveguide 波导Waveguide Arc 波导电弧Waveguide filter 波导滤波器Waveguide flange 波导法兰Waveguide rotary joint 波导旋转关节Waveguide Switch 波导开关Weak Echo Region (WER) 弱回波区Weather radar 天气雷达weld 焊接，熔接White noise 白噪声Wide area network (WAN) 广域网Wide band communication (WB) 宽带通信Wiener filter 维纳滤波器wind field 风场Wind-finding radar 测风雷达windstorm 风暴wiring layout 接线图Working height 工作高度x.25 protocol 一种分组交换的通信协议Zero-axis drift 零轴漂移Zoom 放大英汉对照缩略词表CINRAD 中国新一代天气雷达RDA 雷达数据采集子系统RPG 雷达产品生成子系统PUP 主用户处理器CTR 中国新一代天气雷达系统技术要求INCO 设备安装与检查PPI 平面位置显示RHI 距离高度显示CAPPI 等高平面位置显示VCS 速度垂直剖面ETPPI 回波顶平面位置显示RZ 雨强分布显示VIL 垂直积分液态水PA 雨量分布显示RVD 经向散度显示ARD 方位涡度显示CS 综合切变CTA 分层组合湍流CTF CINRAD技术规程TUG 铁塔/市电/油机PTP 产品测试计划MOMENT 注入接收机前端标校测试信号的系统测试DT&E 开发测试和评估RF 射频CM 操控软件CSS 指令取代系统HSP/PSP 信号处理器硬件/可编程信号处理器PRF 用于发射机维护的测试应用软件AGCCAL 用于AGC衰减器建立标校值的测试应用软件AGC 自动增益控制DCE 数据通讯设备FFTRD 用来测量杂波抑制电平的测试应用软件MTM 是使用AGCCAL，FFTRD应用软件通过RDA应用终端存取的测试应用软件TESTSIG 是允许操作员在关机的情况下控制和读出接收机/信号处理器。

Accuracy 准确度AGC: Automatic gain control. 自动增益控制。

Airy Hypothesis艾里假说alias:假频amplitude spectrum振幅谱antiroots反山根Bouguer anomaly布格异常Bouguer correction布格改正continuation延拓density密度density contrast密度差depth of compensation补偿深度dot chart布点量板double Bouguer correction双重布格改正downward continuation向下延拓elevation correction高程改正field continuation位场延拓figure of the earth大地水准面free-air anomaly自由空间异常free-air correction自由空间改正free oscillation of the earth:地球自由震荡gal伽geodesy:大地测量学geoid大地水准面gradiomanometer压差密度计：gradiometer梯度仪gravimeter重力仪gravitational constant万有引力常数gravity重力gravity anomaly:重力异常gravity meter比重计：gravity reduction:重力改正gravity survey重力调查gravity unit重力单位Gutenberg discontinuity:古登堡不连续面horizontal cylinder水平圆柱体isostasy:地壳均衡说：isostatic correction:均衡改正：latitude correction:纬度改正local gravity局部重力值normal gravity正常重力：Poisson's equation：泊松方程：Pratt hypothesis:普拉特假说second-derivative map:二次微商图：topographic correction地形改正torsion balance扭秤Worden:沃尔登重力仪aeromagnetic航空磁测Airborne magnetometer:航空磁力仪alternating-field demagnetization:交变场退磁：Curie point:居里点declination:磁偏角diurnal variation:日变ferrimagnetism:亚铁磁性：ferromagnetic:铁磁性的field intensity:场强fluxgate magnetometer:磁通门磁力仪gamma:伽马gauss:高斯：geomagnetic pole:地磁极geomagnetic reversal: 地磁极倒转：geomagnetic-variation method:地磁变化法：geometric sounding:电磁几何测深：inclination:倾角inductivity:感应率：local magnetic anomalies:局部磁异常magnetic basement:磁性基底：magnetic dip:磁倾角magnetic disturbance磁扰magnetic equator:地磁赤道magnetic field磁场magnetic flux:磁通量magnetic intensity:磁场强度：magnetic interpretation methods磁测资料解释法magnetic meridian:地磁子午线：magnetic moment:磁矩：magnetic permeability:磁导率：magnetic polarization:磁极化：Magnetic pole:磁极：magnetic storms:磁暴：magnetization:磁化强度magnetometer:磁力仪：nanotesla:纳特斯拉：normal magnetic field:正常磁场oersted:奥斯特paleomagnetism:古地磁学：paramagnetic: 顺磁性的：permeability:磁导率，渗透率：polarity:极性：polarization:极化度，极化，偏振：reduction to the pole化向地磁极归极法：secular variation:长期变化：tesla:特斯拉weber:韦伯apparent resistivity: 视电阻率：conductivity:电导率：current electrode:供电电极：dielectric constant:介电常数：dielectric polarization:电介质极化：dipole array:偶极排列dipole-dipole array:偶极-偶极排列：electrical profiling:电剖面法：electrical sounding电测深electrical survey电法勘探，电测井electric field:电场electric susceptibility:电极化率：electrochemical SP:电化学自然电位：electrode电极：electrode equilibrium potential:电极平衡电位：electrode polarization:电极极化：electrode potential:电极电位electrode resistance:电极电阻：electrolyte:电解质：electromagnetic method:电磁法：electromagnetic spectrum:电磁波谱：electronic电子的ELF:极低频：EM:电磁的：emu:电磁单位：equipotential-line method:等位线法equipotential surface:等位面：far-field:远场：fixed-source method:定源法：free-space field:自由空间场：galvanometer:电流计heat flow unit:热流单位HFU:热流单位：horizontal-dipole sounding水平偶极测深induced polarization:激发极化：infinite electrode:无穷远电极：NMR核磁共振permittivity:电容率：polarization ellipse:极化椭圆：pole-dipole array:单极-偶极排列：pole-pole array:单极-单极排列：Primary field: 一次场：secondary field:二次场：self-potential:自然电位self-potential method:自然电位法skin depth:趋肤深度skin effect:趋肤效应sky wave:天波：sky-wave interference:天波干扰：SP:自然电位：spontaneous potential:自然电位：transient electromagnetic method:瞬变电磁法：abnormal events:异常同相轴absorption:吸收作用：acoustic声学的，声的acoustic impedance:声阻抗，波阻抗：acoustic wave: 声波，地震波：air gun:空气枪：air wave:空气波：angle of incidence:入射角：apparent velocity:视速度：apparent wavelength:视波长：arrival:波至：arrival time波至时间：attenuation:衰减average velocity:平均速度azimuth:方位角binary gain:二进制增益blind zone: 盲区：body waves:体波：break:波跳：buried focus effect:地下焦点效应：cable:电缆：chirp:线性调频脉冲:coefficient of anisotropy:各向异性系数coherence:相干性coherent:相关的：common-depth-point:共深度点：common-depth-point stack:共深度点叠加：common-offset gather:共偏移距道集：common-offset stack:共炮检距叠加（同距叠加）：common-range gather:共炮检距道集（选排）：Common reflection point: 共反射点：compressional wave:压缩波：configuration:排列形式：converted wave:转换波critical angle:临界角critical reflection:临界反射：curved path:弯曲射线路径deconvolution:反褶积：deep seismic sounding: DSS.深地震测深：diffraction: 绕射：diffraction stack:绕射叠加：dilatational wave:膨胀波dispersion:扩散，频散display:显示：diving waves:弓形射线波：Dix formula:Dix公式DSS:深地震测深：dynamic corrections动校正：earthquake:天然地震：earthquake seismology: 天然地震测震学：elastic:弹性的：elastic constants:弹性常数：elastic impedance:弹性阻抗：elastic wave:弹性波：electrodynamic geophone:电动检波器：epicenter:震中：event:同相轴：expanding spread: 扩展排列：extended spread:纵排列fathometer:水深计：Fermat’s principle:费马原理：first arrival:初至：first break:初至波：floating datum: 浮动基准面flute槽focus:震源fold: 覆盖次数format:数据格式：Gardner method:加德纳法：gather:道集：geophone:地震检波器：geophone interval:检波距：ground roll:地滚波：group interval:组合间距：group velocity:群速度：guided wave:导波：hammer冲击锤：head wave:首波：：hodograph:矢端线：Hooke's law:虎克定律：horizontal stacking:水平叠加：Huygens principle:惠更斯原理：impedance:阻抗incident angle:入射角：interval velocity:层速度：Kirchoff diffraction equation:基尔霍夫绕射方程：law of reflection:反射定律：law of refraction:透射定律：least-time path:最短时程：Lg-wave: Lg-波：longitudinal wave:纵波：long-path multiple:全程多次反射波：long wave长波：love wave:勒夫波low-velocity layer:低速层：marker bed:标准层：migration: 偏移，运移：minimum-phase:最小相位：multiple:多次波：multiple coverage:多次覆盖：multiplex:多路传输，多倍仪multiplexed format:多路编排格式：mute:切除：NMO: Normal moveout.正常时差。

地球物理专业英语常用单词raypath:射线路径ray tracing:射线追踪real time:实时record section记录剖面reflection coefficient:反射系数reflection survey:反射法勘探refraction:折射refraction survey:折射法勘探refraction wave:折射波：residual normal moveout:剩余正常时差reverberation:交混回响reverse migration:逆偏移Ricker wavelet:雷克子波rms velocity均方根速度R-wave:瑞雷波。

scattering:散射secondary wave次波SEG A, SEG B, or SEG C标准磁带格式seismic:地震的seismic discontinuity:地震不连续面seismic-electric effect:震电效应seismic survey:地震勘探seismogram:震相图seismograph: 地震仪，地震检波器seismologist:地震学家，地震工作者seismology地震学shear modulus:剪切模量shear wave:剪切波shotpoint:炮点shotpoint gap:炮点间隙S/N:信噪比。

Snell's law: 斯奈尔定律sparker: 电火花震源spherical divergence球面扩散stack叠加Ground mixing地面混波Instrument mixing仪器混波Vertical stacking垂直叠加Uphole stacking井口时间叠加Common-depth-point (CDP) stacking共深度点叠加Common-offset stacking同炮检距叠加Velocity filtering 速度滤波Coherency filtering / Auto-picking 相干滤波/自动拾取Diversity stacking相异叠加Automigrating自动偏移stacking velocity:叠加速度Stoneley wave:斯通利波streamer:海上拖缆S-wave:S-波synthetic seismogram:合成地震记录tangential wave:切向波trace equalization:道均衡trace gather:道选排，道集trace integration:道积分，道综合transformed wave:变换波trough:波谷velocity analysis:速度分析velocity filter:速度滤波velocity inversion: 速度反转velocity spectrum:速度谱velocity survey速度测量wave equation:波动方程wave form:波形wavefront:波阵面wave impedance:波阻抗wide-angle reflection:广角反射Young's modulus:杨氏模量zero-phase:零相位Zoeppritz's equations:佐普里兹方程acoustic log声波测井amplitude log:声幅测井borehole gravimeter:井下重力仪borehole log测井曲线calibrate校正densilog密度测井density log:密度测井dip log地层倾角测井dipmeter地层倾角测井electrical log:电测井gamma-gamma log:伽马-伽马测井gamma-ray log:γ射线测井induction log:感应测井microlog微电阻率测井neutron log: 中子测井radioactivity log:放射性测井sonic log:声波测井spectral log能谱测井velocity log:声速测井well log:钻井记录，测井Ampere’s law:安培定律angular frequency:角频率Anomaly: 异常anticline:背斜array:排列autocorrelation:自相关background:背景值band-limited function:频截函数band-pass:带通band-reject filter:带阻滤波器bandwidth:带宽base of weathering:低速带底面boundary condition:边界条件boundary-value problem:边值问题byte:字节characteristic value:Eigenvalue特性值/特征值Complex number复数contour:等值线contour interval:等值线间隔convolution:褶积crust:地壳curl:旋度db:Decibel.分贝。

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But now we’re taking this tradition to the highest level and going beyond industry standards by testing the system and guaranteeing the results right in your home.After the Perfect 16 is installed, the IQAir Authorized Installer will test and verify the installation with an advanced laser particle counter. The authorized installer will ensure that the system is removing at least 90% of particles 0.3 microns or larger. System performance will be detailed in a personalized owner’s certificate.Using advanced laser technology, an IQAir Authorized Installer will test particle levels before and after installation to guarantee results of 10X cleaner air. After testing the system, our IQAir Authorized Installer will enter the test results into a personalized owner’s certificate which certifies your home as one of the healthiest homes in America.IQAir’s Whole-House Air Cleaning System Wins Reviewboard’s Pro duct of the YearWritten by Philip Ferreira, Editor-in-Chief of Reviewboard MagazineThe home we tested the Perfect 16 in was immaculate, but like many homes it had a hidden problem –unhealthy indoor air. We used advanced laser particle counting equipment before and after installation so that our readers could see what they could really expect if they had this system installed in their own home.The Perfect 16 delivers the highest level of air cleaning effectiveness available to homeowners. Reviewboard tested the system in a real home, not in a laboratory, and we saw an almost 95% improvement in air quality.The Perfect 16 retrofits into existing heating and/or air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It uses the existing duct work of a home to provide clean air to every room of the house. The Perfect 16 utilizes IQAir’s Advanced Micro-Fiber Filtration technology. The ultra-fine fibers used in the Perfect 16’s filters are ten times thinner than the fibers used in standard air filters. This allows air to pass easily through the filter mesh while creating an almost impenetrable barrier for common household pollutants like dust, pollen, mold spores, allergens, even bacteria and viruses.We also noted that the Perfect 16 does away with a major annoyance of other whole-house air purifiers: frequent cleaning or filter changes. Most air purifier systems require cleaning or filter changes every few months. The Perfect 16 is filter replacement and maintenance free for up to three years.The Perfect 16 utilizes the circulatio n of a home’s forced air HVAC system. It does not requireadditional electricity to operate, and unlike electronic air purifiers, it produces absolutely no ozone.The Perfect 16 is a truly amazing product. In our judgment, it is the best whole-house air purification system on the market. It is exceptional in its air cleaning effectiveness and ultra-low maintenance. It’s a true winner and deserving of Reviewboard’s Product of the Year award.The Perfect 16 can be seen Sundays on ABC’s popular television show“Extreme Makeover: Home Edition”, as IQAir helps the show’s Design Team build healthy homes for deserving families. It is also currently featured in “Esquire House 360” in Beverly Hills, California.About Reviewboard – Alexa ranking lists Reviewboard Magazine as the third largest consumer product review publication in the world. Their product reviews are read each year by more than 110 million readers in 54 countries worldwide. Alexa also lists Reviewboard as the #1 user ranked consumer publication in the world.Real Homes - Real ResultsWhat difference will the Perfect 16 make in your home? Take a look at the results achieved in this old home built in 1928. It is hillside property in Los Angeles, a city known for its poor air quality. Indoor air quality s pecialists used advanced laser particle counters to measure the home’s indoor air quality before and after the installation. The instruments recorded the microscopic airborne pollution particles in the home including dust, mold, pollen, bacteria, and other irritants.This home’s air quality was improved by over 95% within 90 minutes of installation, and that’s a typical result.Location: Los Angeles County, California | Home size: 2’300 sq.ft (two story). Date: June 24, 2006 | HVAC System airflow: 1200 cfm Air Cleaning: Perfect 16 ID-2225Before the installation the air pollution levels throughout the home were at approximately 1.5 million particles per cubic foot. After the Perfect16 was installed, the air quality was improved by over 90% in just 60 minutes. After 90 minutes, air quality was improved by over 95%. The home went from an unhealthy indoor environment to one of America’s cleanest homes in just an hour and a half. These are real results achieved in real homes, the kind of results you can expect when your Perfect 16 is installed.2000-2008 The IQAir Group. All rights reserved. Technical specifications are subject to change without prior notice. IQAir, HealthPro and HyperHEPA are the registered trademarks of The IQAir Group./fanyi-1148.html。

1 引言1.1 研究背景电子设备EMC 三要素包括干扰源、耦合路径和敏感设备[1]。

线缆线束作为电子设备的重要组成部分，不论是在辐射发射测试（CE、RE 等）还是抗扰度测试（CS、RS 等）中都是重要的耦合路径之一[2]。

随着近年来通信系统的高速发展，信号频率不断提升，线缆线束对电子设备EMC 性能的影响更加突出，单纯靠经验已经不能满足高速电子设备的要求，通过仿真和测试相结合的方法对线缆进行选型和整改是目前业界主流的解决方案。

其中线缆线束的EMC 特性仿真一直是一个难点，主要是线缆结构的复杂性和应用环境的多样性导致线缆仿真不能在实际测试中产生预期的指导作用。

随着EMC 仿真的快速发展，线缆电磁兼容特性的仿真也逐渐被重视起来[3]。

通过仿真可以指导线缆线束的设计以及快速定位产品测试风险点，大大提高产品设计及测试效率，降低时间及物料成本，是线缆线束EMC 性能研究的大趋势。

1.2 研究现状目前国内外对线缆线束仿真技术的研究非常火热，主要集中在飞机、汽车、轨道交通等复杂系统中。

吉林大学霍亚飞对强电磁脉冲下的车辆线束建模进行了研究，分析了HEMP 作用下屏蔽线缆接地位置对芯线耦合干扰电流的影响。

西安电子科技大学的杜晓昌则对飞行器上机载设备线缆线束的传导、辐射发射进行了研究，对6种常见线缆线束的串扰和电磁敏感度进行了仿真计算。

除此之外，还有南京邮电大学、吉林大学等多所高校对车辆、飞机内线缆的电磁兼容性进行研究。

国内也有学者专门对线缆仿真技术有较深入的研究，但是对于不同类型线缆EMC 特性仿真的对比研究较少。

1.3 研究内容本文旨在研究半电波空间中单线、同轴线、双绞线和屏蔽双绞Abstract ：In this paper, a simulation modeling method for a variety of cables in half-wave test environment is studied,The simulation analysis method of cable radiation immunity is obtained� Simulation using CST software, software cable modules are used two-dimensional transmission line method and three-dimensional electromagnetic full-wave algorithm for combined calculation� CST uses TLM+FITD time-domain integration method , all belong to field - road combination method. Through the establishment of the geometric model, the definition of the material parameters, the addition of load and excitation source, the placement of the monitoring probe and other steps, the simula-tion results show that the half-wave planar environment of a variety of cable coupling current in time and frequency domain characteristics� The simulation results show that the anti-disturbance characteristics of the cable are related to its own structure and the structure of the shielding layer� Based on the simulation results obtained in this paper, the method can also be applied to the simulation analysis of other system carriers such as vehicle and airborne platforms�Key words ： Electromagnetic Simulation; Irradiation Susceptibility; Cable; EMC characteristics图1 线缆等效电路示意图3 仿真模型3.1 线缆结构建模目前常用线缆线束根据用途一般可分类为功率线缆和信号线缆两种，功率电缆用来给设备供电，信号线缆顾名思义用来传输信号。

全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：透过飞机的窗户看到的风景联想到的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Gazing Out the Window at 30,000 FeetAs the airplane engines roared to life and we accelerated down the runway, I felt that familiar sense of excitement mixed with trepidation that always accompanies take-off. With agradual lift, the plane broke free from the tarmac and the city below slowly shrank until the buildings became tiny specs against the patchwork landscape. I was leaving the familiar behind for the unknown adventures that waited at my destination.Peering out the tiny double-glazed window next to my seat, I marveled at the patterns and textures of the earth beneath me. The urban sprawl gave way to snaking freeways, warehouses, and eventually a rustic tapestry of farms, forests, and winding rivers. The man-made world fragmented and dissolved into nature's domain. I began to appreciate the true scale and beauty of the planet from this stratospheric vantage point.Scattered clouds drifted by at eye level, seeming so solid and dense up close. But they were merely transient wisps of water vapor, continually transforming shapeshifters navigating the winds. I tried to discern familiar forms within their amorphous outlines - a cartoon dinosaur, a dolphin's arc, an eagle inmid-flap. But they inevitably morphed into new abstract designs as quickly as I perceived the previous ones. Impermanence defined their ephemeral existence.As we climbed higher, the contours and colors of theever-changing landscape blended into an abstract expressionistpainting. The precise lines delineating fields, roads and property boundaries dissolved into broad brushstrokes of green, brown and gold. The birds-eye view transformed reality into impressionistic art. The world became flatter and moretwo-dimensional the higher we ascended, the curves of the horizon growing more pronounced against the illusion of a flawlessly straight edge separating earth and sky.I caught a few brief glimpses of lakes and reservoirs sparkling in the sunlight like shattered mirrors, their reflections brilliant shards of light amid the subdued tones predominating the terrain. Here and there, the glint of a winding river appeared as a crooked ribbon of silver stitching the patchwork landscape together into a cohesive quilt. I searched in vain for signs of human life - a tractor traversing a field, a ship's wake rippling across a lake's surface, a twinkling cluster of houses in a valley. But our speed and elevation rendered such details invisible.The clouds, once resembling angelic sculptures, eventually enveloped us entirely in their fleecy whiteness, obscuring all human connections to the world below. All perception of time and place became disorienting abstractions as we floated unmoored in this infinite void of featureless white. I was becalmed in a twin-engined self-contained sky-borne vessel,utterly alone yet sharing this strange odyssey with two hundred like-minded sailors making our way across this ethereal sea.After an indeterminable period, our aerial craft punched through the cloud cover into a blaze of sunlight, and the rugged topography of snow-capped mountain ranges spangled with glaciers appeared in jagged relief below. The sheer scale of these towering pinnacles truly put into perspective how tiny and insignificant we humans are against the grandeur of the natural world. These monoliths predate our species' existence on earth by eons and will remain timelessly immutable long after our epoch has turned to dust.As I studied the contours of these ancient geological thrones, I reflected on the relentless, inexorable strength of the elements that had carved and sculpted them over millennia through the patient, remorseless processes of erosion, upheaval and glaciation. Dimensions of deep time I could scarcely comprehend had conspired to produce these monuments to the primal, indomitable forces shaping our terrestrial home.Gradually, the vistas below grew harsher and more barren as we traversed this extended mountain range - a Dali-esque wilderness of withered plateaus, undulating sand dunes, salt flats and dry washes punctuated only by the occasional shock ofvegetation clinging tenaciously to the rare ribbons of water winding through the arid desolation. It was a harsh, elemental landscape pockmarked by ancient volcanic upheavals and scouring winds. Life itself seemed to hang by a meager thread in these blighted, parched dominions.I watched mesmerized as razor-sharp shadows raked across this wilderness with the sun's stately progression towards the horizon. The stark, defining lines between light and dark reinforced the terrain's elemental, primordial character. These domains seemed to predate the emergence of biological life itself, a glimpse back through the cross-eons to our planet's most primal origins and the foundations underlying all that has evolved since.Eventually, we left these austere landscapes behind and descended towards our destination, a glistening cosmopolitan archipelago defying the ocean's depths. As sparkling emerald isles materialized through the sea of clouds, I swore I glimpsed a mythical ocean serpent's undulating form briefly outlined against the azure swells before it slipped again beneath the white blanket of vapor. The glittering modern metropolis, a shimmering mirage of steel and glass, rose improbably from thisremote and antediluvian seascape like an oasis shimmering in a desert.As we broke through the clouds on our final approach, the myriad winding canals and waterways spread in an intricate watery web across the islands below, a living labyrinth laced through this improbable floating haven. It was at once ancient and modern, rooted in antiquity yet sculpted by human ingenuity into an improbable defiance of its oceanic environs. I found myself eagerly anticipating exploring the alleyways and uncovering the mysteries awaiting me in this amalgam of east and west, past and present.As the tires hit the runway with a solid jolt, our high-altitude time machine docked with the temporal world once more. I had been a voyager across not just coastal plains, mountain kingdoms and desert realms, but into deep geological eons and phantom dimensions conjured by earth's ever-shifting atmospheric hues and stratified bands of light and shadow. For those few airborne hours, I had been a witness to the cosmos' splendor, a speck of transient sentience amid the astounding grandeur of the only known world to host life's dreams and audacities. My spirit felt both uplifted and humbled by thesevisions of our home planet's magnitude and majesty from nave to nave of this man-made celestial gondola.篇2Soaring Through Sky and MindAs the plane climbed higher, piercing through billowing clouds, I pressed my face against the tiny window, marveling at the world unveiling itself beneath me. The Earth, once an endless expanse of green and brown, now shrank into a patchwork quilt of forests, fields, and winding rivers. Somewhere down there, life continued on as always, with people scurrying about their daily routines, oblivious to the marvel unfolding above their heads.Squinting, I traced the delicate threads of roads snaking through valleys and hills, wondering about the stories they could tell if granted a voice. How many souls had traveled those paths, chasing dreams or simply seeking solace in the rhythm of the journey? Each of those ribbons of asphalt harbored countless tales of love, loss, triumph, and tribulation – a tapestry of human experience woven into the fabric of the land.My gaze drifted to the patchwork of farmlands quilting the countryside, their geometric patterns a stark contrast to nature's whimsical designs. I imagined the farmers tending to those fields,their calloused hands coaxing sustenance from the soil – an eternal dance between humanity and the Earth's generous bounty. In those checkerboard expanses, lay not just crops but the hopes and toils of generations, all converging in a shared pursuit of nourishing the world.As the plane angled westward, chasing the setting sun, I watched cities materialize on the horizon, their glittering spires piercing the sky like crystalline needles. From this vantage point, the clustered towers and arteries of highways resembled the circuitry of some vast, complex machine – a metaphor, perhaps, for the intricate web of human civilization. I wondered about the millions of lives intertwined within those urban labyrinths, each person pursuing their own aspirations and grappling with their own challenges, yet bound together by the invisible threads of community.Leaning back, I closed my eyes and let my mind drift upward, beyond the confines of the aircraft, into the vastness of the stratosphere. Up here, the boundaries that cleaved our world into nations and territories blurred into insignificance, replaced by a profound sense of unity and interconnectedness. The clouds knew no borders, drifting freely across continents, indifferent to the artificial lines we had etched upon the Earth's surface.In that moment, I felt a profound kinship with the planet itself, a realization that we are all mere travelers upon this cosmic vessel, hurtling through the universe. Our worries and trivialities, so all-consuming from our earthbound perspective, suddenly seemed dwarfed by the grand scale of creation. Up here, among the clouds, I was reminded of our shared humanity, our intrinsic link to the natural world, and the delicate balance we must strike as mere stewards of this extraordinary haven we call home.As the plane began its descent, I watched cities give way to suburbs, and suburbs yield to rural landscapes once more. The Earth's tapestry unraveled and rewove itself before my eyes, a constant cycle of transformation and renewal. I couldn't help but wonder about the innumerable journeys that had unfolded beneath these very clouds, the aspirations and adversities that had propelled countless individuals aloft, seeking new horizons or returning to familiar shores.In those final moments, as the landing gear extended and the plane's engines roared in preparation for touchdown, I felt a profound sense of gratitude wash over me. Gratitude for the opportunity to witness such beauty and grandeur, for the marvel of flight that had granted me this privileged perspective, and for the endless possibilities that awaited beyond the journey's end.As I disembarked, carrying with me the memories and musings sparked by that aerial voyage, I knew that my perception of the world had been forever altered. No longer would I view our planet as a collection of disparate nations and territories, but rather as a single, interconnected tapestry, woven from the threads of human experience and the majesty of nature itself. And perhaps, in some small way, I could contribute a few stitches of my own to that ever-evolving masterpiece.篇3Flying High: Musings from 30,000 FeetAs the plane climbed higher, piercing through the clouds, I gazed out the tiny window next to my seat. The world outside transformed into an abstract canvas of shapes and colors. Homes and buildings shrank until they resembled mere specks on the landscape. The winding roads and intersections that once bustled with activity now appeared like veins branching across the earth's surface.From this vantage point, the boundaries that define and divide us dissolved into insignificance. No more divisions between cities, states, or even countries – just seamless terrainstretching out before me. It was a humbling reminder of our small stature in the grand scheme of things.Clusters of clouds drifted by lazily, their billowy formsever-shifting with the currents of air. Some were wispy and thin, while others were dense and heavy, pregnant with unshed rain. I marveled at how these vaporous entities could both blot out the sun and illuminate the sky with their radiant hues at dusk and dawn.As the aircraft pushed deeper into the stratosphere, the landscape beneath began to blur and distort. Flat planes warped into gentle curves, following the subtle curvature of our planet. The horizon line, once a sharp boundary, softened and arched away into the distance. It was a tangible testament to the Earth's true spherical nature, something we often forget while living our lives on its deceptively level surface.My gaze turned skyward, where the celestial dome stretched endlessly overhead. Up here, the sky's vastness seemed more profound, more consuming. The sun was a brilliant orb, its rays weaving delicate ribbons across the heavens. Faint wisps of clouds drifted at dizzying heights, appearing almost motionless from my perspective. Yet, I knew they too were in constant flux, guided by forces unseen.In those tranquil moments, suspended between heaven and earth, I felt an overwhelming sense of insignificance – and yet, paradoxically, of immense connection. We were all tiny inhabitants of this fragile oasis, a mote of dust suspended in the cosmic void. And yet, the very same forces that sculpted mountains and shaped continents pulsed within each of us, binding us to this world in an intricate tapestry of life.As I watched towns and cities pass below, I couldn't help but ponder the multitudes of lives unfolding within those sprawling structures. Hopes, dreams, sorrows, and joys – all contained within those minuscule shapes, invisible from my lofty perch. It was a startling realization that beneath the abstract patterns of human civilization lay countless individual stories, each one as vivid and complex as the clouds that sailed past my window.In those moments of fleeting contemplation, I found myself grappling with questions that had no easy answers. What was my purpose in this vast expanse? How could I, a mere speck in the cosmic arena, leave a lasting impact on the world below? The weight of these existential musings pressed upon me, even as the aircraft seemed to defy the very gravity that bound us all.Yet, as the plane began its descent, I realized that the answers lay not in the grand gestures or sweeping philosophies,but in the simple moments that knit our lives together. It was in the connections we forged, the kindnesses we extended, and the love we shared that true meaning resided.As the wheels touched down and the plane taxied towards the gate, I felt a renewed sense of appreciation for the world around me. The sights I had witnessed from above were not mere abstractions, but a tapestry woven from countless individual threads – threads that represented the hopes, dreams, and experiences of every person on this pale blue dot we call home.From that incredible vantage point, high above the clouds, I had gained a new perspective – one that simultaneously highlighted our insignificance in the cosmic realm and our profound interconnectedness as inhabitants of this remarkable planet. It was a reminder to cherish the present, to forge bonds that transcend boundaries, and to leave a legacy that echoes long after we are gone, like the vapor trails that linger in the sky long after the plane has passed.。